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Brief Communication

Elevated interleukin-10 levels in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis
Gee-Hyun Kim, Jae Hyuck Kwak, Young-Hoon Park
Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):310-316.
Published online August 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22172
In elderly patients, ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most common etiologies of uveitis, which should be differentially diagnosed from ocular lymphoma, another common pathology of uveitis in older adults. The high level of interleukin (IL)-10 and an IL-10/IL-6 ratio higher than 1 (>1.0) are helpful parameters to diagnose ocular lymphoma. In this study, we used aqueous humor samples to detect 4 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis in patients with high levels of IL-10 and an IL-10/IL-6 ratio higher than 1. Our results show that ocular toxoplasmosis may be associated with increased cytokine levels in aqueous humor.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Toxoplasma gondii IST suppresses inflammatory and apoptotic responses by inhibiting STAT1-mediated signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated hepatocytes
    Seung-Hwan Seo, Ji-Eun Lee, Do-Won Ham, Eun-Hee Shin
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Factors related to central nervous system involvement of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma
    Joo Young Kim, Jae Jung Kim, Rae Young Kim, Mirinae Kim, Young Gun Park, Young-Hoon Park
    Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.2024; 262(8): 2421.     CrossRef
  • 7,943 View
  • 101 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Case Reports
Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Intraocular Cysticercosis
Juan-Juan Li, Li-Wei Zhang, Hua Li, Zhu-Lin Hu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):223-229.
Published online April 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.223

This study aimed to explore the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of intraocular cysticercosis due to Taenia solium metacestode infection. Total 8 patients diagnosed with intraocular cysticercosis at the Red Cross Hospital of Yunnan Province, China were examined retrospectively. Patients with clear dioptic media had undergone fundus chromophotography. All patients underwent B ultrasonography of the ocular region (CT) successive scanning of the orbit and cerebral tissues. Parasites were extracted surgically and then examined pathologically. The fundus chromophotography showed a white and condensing scolex package in the vesicle. The B ultrasonic examination showed a vesicle-like echogenic mass in the vitreous chamber, in which the high-level echo spot was the cysticercus scolex. The pathological examinations showed that the vesicle wall exhibited hyaline degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuroglial fiber, and glial cell proliferation layers from the inside to the outside. The scolex is round and is composed of the outer tissue (the body wall) and the inner furrow tissue; these tissues migrated together. Primordially differentiated sucking discs were found in one case, but no hooklets were found. The inner scolex tissue was folded like a paper flower. The severity of intraocular disease is closely correlated with the pathophysiological processes of the cysticercus worm. Pathological examination of the intraocular lesions can help to evaluate the course of the disease as well as to provide a scientific basis for effective antiparasitic medication.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Intraocular and neuro-cysticercosis with diffuse stromal choroiditis
    Dipankar Das, Harsha Bhattacharjee, Kasturi Bhattacharjee, Manab Jyoti Barman, Saidul Islam, Bidhan Chandra Das, Saurabh Deshmukh, Apurba Deka, Palak Chirania, Nitu Kumari
    Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2023; 66(1): 152.     CrossRef
  • Cysticercosis in ophthalmology
    Amar Pujari, Karthika Bhaskaran, Sujeeth Modaboyina, Deepshekhar Das, Gunjan Saluja, Asha Samdani, Pallavi Singh, Mandeep S Bajaj, Namrata Sharma
    Survey of Ophthalmology.2022; 67(2): 544.     CrossRef
  • A case of atypical peripheral intraocular cysticercosis
    Xinlei Hao, Man Yuan, Liugui Chen, Wei Jin, Anhuai Yang
    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports.2022; 2(1): 165.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological study of parasitic lesions of the eye and ocular adnexa in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in South India
    Meenakshi Mahesh, Marian Pauly, Shruthi M Krishna, M Raman, Jyotirmay Biswas
    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2022; 70(5): 1713.     CrossRef
  • Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Ocular Cysticercosis: A Review of Literature With Observer Variation
    Abhishek Sheemar, Nripen Gaur, Pratima Singh Thakur, Pallvi Sharma, Brijesh Takkar, Sumeet Khanduja
    Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina.2022; 53(8): 446.     CrossRef
  • Submacular Cysticercosis Successfully Treated through Conservative Management: Case Report
    Renata García Franco, Alejandro Arias Gómez, Juvenal Guzman Cerda, Marlon García Roa, Paulina Ramirez Neria
    Case Reports in Ophthalmology.2020; 11(2): 315.     CrossRef
  • Two cases of brainstem neurocysticercosis removal: operative video
    Xiaochun Zhao, Robert T. Wicks, Evgenii Belykh, Colin J. Przybylowski, Mohamed A. Labib, Peter Nakaji
    Neurosurgical Focus: Video.2019; 1(2): V4.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Clinical Profile, Investigation, and Management of Ocular Cysticercosis Seen at a Tertiary Referral Centre
    Sudha K. Ganesh, Priyanka
    Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2018; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Subretinal Cysticercosis Extraction With Bimanual, 3-D, Heads–Up-Assisted Pars Plana Vitrectomy: Clinicopathological Correlation and Surgical Technique
    Nandini Venkateswaran, Linda A. Cernichiaro-Espinosa, Catherin Negron, Brenda Fallas, Xiao Yi Zhou, Wilfredo Lara, Kara M. Cavuoto, Joshua Pasol, Janet L. Davis, Sander R. Dubovy, Audina M. Berrocal
    Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina.2018; 49(9): 708.     CrossRef
  • Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease
    Dipankar Das, Varsha Ramachandra, Saidul Islam, Harsha Bhattacharjee, Jyotirmay Biswas, Akanksha Koul, Panna Deka, Apurba Deka
    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2016; 64(11): 794.     CrossRef
  • Solitary Cysticercosis in Eye: Literature Review and A Hypothesis on Transmission of Infection
    Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu, Akira Ito
    Journal of Ocular Diseases and Therapeutics.2015; 3(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Toxic granulomatous anterior uveitis in live intracameral cysticercosis masquerading as leukocoria
    Brijesh Takkar, Parijat Chandra, Kiran Kumar, Murugesan Vanathi
    Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.2014; 49(6): e140.     CrossRef
  • Anterior segment optical coherence tomography of live ocular cysticercosis
    Brijesh Takkar, Manzoor U Mehdi, Nasreen R Ahmed, Parijat Chandra, Murugesan Vanathi
    Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology.2014; 42(9): 896.     CrossRef
  • 10,953 View
  • 111 Download
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Imported Intraocular Gnathostomiasis with Subretinal Tracks Confirmed by Western Blot Assay
Ji Ho Yang, Moosang Kim, Eung Suk Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Seung-Young Yu, Hyung-Woo Kwak
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):73-78.
Published online March 6, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.73

We report a case of intraocular gnathostomiasis diagnosed by western blot assay in a patient with subretinal tracks. A 15-year-old male patient complained of blurred vision in the right eye, lasting for 2 weeks. Eight months earlier, he had traveled to Vietnam for 1 week and ate raw wild boar meat and lobster. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and anterior chamber examination revealed no abnormalities. Fundus examination showed subretinal tracks in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography showed linear hyperfluorescence of the subretinal lesion observed on fundus in the right eye. Ultrasound examination revealed no abnormalities. Blood tests indicated mild eosinophilia (7.5%), and there was no abnormality found by systemic examinations. Two years later, the patient visited our department again for ophthalmologic evaluation. Visual acuity remained 20/20 in both eyes and the subretinal tracks in the right eye had not changed since the previous examination. Serologic examination was performed to provide a more accurate diagnosis, and the patient's serum reacted strongly to the Gnathostoma nipponicum antigen by western blot assay, which led to a diagnosis of intraocular gnathostomiasis. This is the first reported case of intraocular gnathostomiasis with subretinal tracks confirmed serologically using western blot in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Ocular infections in international travelers
    Francesca F. Norman, Julio J. González-López, Diego Gayoso-Cantero, Marta Vicente-Antolin, Maria-Dolores Corbacho-Loarte, Rogelio López-Vélez, Marta González-Sanz
    Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 63: 102789.     CrossRef
  • Imported parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea: status and issues
    Jong-Yil Chai
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Intracameral gnathostomiasis presenting as neuroretinitis
    Kimhour Lay, Leng Un, Kossama Chukmol, Piseth Kong
    BMJ Case Reports.2025; 18(3): e260393.     CrossRef
  • Gastrodin reduces Aβ brain levels in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by inhibiting P-glycoprotein ubiquitination
    Chenghao Zhu, Shangtao Wang, Siyu Ma, Shurui Zhang, Yanjun Wang, Baoshan Li, Wei Zhang, Zhirong Sun
    Phytomedicine.2024; 135: 156229.     CrossRef
  • Intracameral Gnathostomiasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
    Wijak Kongwattananon, Thanaporn Wiriyabanditkul, Waraluck Supwatjariyakul, Thanapong Somkijrungroj
    Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2023; 31(5): 1092.     CrossRef
  • A case of vocal cord gnathostomiasis diagnosed with sectional morphologies in a histopathological specimen from a Chinese woman living in Korea
    Doo Sik Park, Eun Hyun Cho, Kyung Hoon Park, Soo Min Jo, Bumjung Park, Sun Huh
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 298.     CrossRef
  • Subretinal gnathostomiasis: A successful focal laser photocoagulation for a living parasite
    Supalert Prakhunhungsit, Somanus Thoongsuwan, Sutasinee Boonsopon, Thitiyaporn Panawattanawong, Pitchaya Amornvararak, Nuttawut Rodanant, Nopasak Phasukkijwatana
    American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports.2022; 26: 101413.     CrossRef
  • An Overview of Fish-borne Nematodiases among Returned Travelers for Recent 25 Years– Unexpected Diseases Sometimes Far Away from the Origin
    Jorge Costa Eiras, Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli, Ricardo Massato Takemoto, Yukifumi Nawa
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 215.     CrossRef
  • Imported gnathostomiasis manifesting as cutaneous larva migrans and Löffler’s syndrome
    William L. Hamilton, Daniel Agranoff
    BMJ Case Reports.2018; 2018: bcr-2017-223132.     CrossRef
  • Ocular Gnathostomiasis—Update of Earlier Survey
    Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Yukifumi Nawa, Sandra Fernández Figueiras, Sylvia Paz Diaz Camacho, Verajit Chotmongkol, Masahide Yoshikawa, Maria Benavides
    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2017; 97(4): 1232.     CrossRef
  • First reported case of intraocular Gnathostoma spinigerum in Cambodia
    S. Hem, A. Tarantola, R. Chheang, P. Nop, A. Kerléguer
    Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique.2015; 108(5): 312.     CrossRef
  • Three-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography and light microscopy of an intravitreal parasite
    Aziz A. Khanifar, Michael J. Espiritu, Jane S. Myung, Grant D. Aaker, Audrey N. Schuetz, Donald J. D’Amico, R. V. Paul Chan
    Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxocara Optic Neuropathy after Ingestion of Raw Meat Products
    Hee Kyung Yang, Se Joon Woo, Jeong-Min Hwang
    Optometry and Vision Science.2014; 91(11): e267.     CrossRef
  • Gnathostoma spinigerum Infection in the Upper Lip of a Korean Woman: An Autochthonous Case in Korea
    Jae Hee Kim, Hyemi Lim, Young-Sang Hwang, Tae Yeon Kim, Eun Mee Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(3): 343.     CrossRef
  • Cutaneous Gnathostomiasis with Recurrent Migratory Nodule and Persistent Eosinophilia: a Case Report from China
    Jing Cui, Ye Wang, Zhong Quan Wang
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(4): 467.     CrossRef
  • 9,137 View
  • 105 Download
  • Crossref