Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"paleoparasitology"

Review

Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):345-387.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23085

Abstract
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Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea’s past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.

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Imported parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea: status and issues
Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(1): 52. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Updates on parasite infection prevalence in the Joseon period based on parasitological studies of human coprolites isolated from archaeological sites in the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju: Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Sori Min, Kyong Taek Oh, Jeonghwan Seol, Mi Kyung Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):89-93.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22129

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Parasite infection rates estimated by examining ancient coprolites can provide insights into parasitism in Joseon society. Using newly discovered Joseon period cases is essential to regularly update the parasite infection rates and reinforce the reliability of our previous estimations. In the present study, we investigated parasite infections in Joseon coprolites newly isolated from the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju. We then updated the overall parasite infection rates of Joseon period samples (n= 30) as follows: 86.7% (26/30) for Trichuris trichiura, 56.7% (17/30) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 30.0% (9/30) for Clonorchis sinensis, and 30.0% (9/30) for Paragonimus westermani. The parasite infection rates in the Joseon society, estimated through coprolite examination, were very similar to those determined previously despite the addition of new cases to the existing data pool.

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A parasitological study on the possible toilet ruins of the Japanese colonial period in Korea
Jieun Kim, Min Seo, Hisashi Fujita, Jong Yil Chai, Jin Woo Park, Jun Won Jang, In Soo Jang, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(2): 198. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef

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Case Report

Helminth Eggs Detected in Soil Samples of a Possible Toilet Structure Found at the Capital Area of Ancient Baekje Kingdom of Korea: Chang Seok Oh, Sang-Yuck Shim, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Hisashi Fujita, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):393-397.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.393

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Although research conducted in East Asia has uncovered parasite eggs from ancient toilets or cesspits, data accumulated to date needs to be supplemented by more archaeoparasitological studies. We examined a total of 21 soil samples from a toilet-like structure at the Hwajisan site, a Baekje-period royal villa, in present-day Korea. At least 4 species of helminth eggs, i.e., Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, and Trichuris sp. (or Trichuris vulpis) were detected in 3 sediment samples of the structure that was likely a toilet used by Baekje nobles. The eggs of T. trichiura were found in all 3 samples (no. 1, 4, and 5); and A. lumbricoides eggs were detected in 2 samples (no. 4 and 5). C. sinensis and T. vulpis-like eggs were found in no. 5 sample. From the findings of this study, we can suppose that the soil-transmitted helminths were prevalent in ancient Korean people, including the nobles of Baekje Kingdom during the 5th to 7th century.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Problems in Japanese archaeoparasitology: Analysis of paleo-parasitic eggs from Hachinohe Castle
Hisashi Fujita, Masako Funaba, Shiori O. Fujisawa
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 278. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef

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104 Download
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Brief Communications

Paleoparasitology of Merovingian Corpses Buried in Stone Sarcophagi in the Saint-Martin-au-Val Church (Chartres, France): Benjamin Dufour, Emilie Portat, Bruno Bazin, Matthieu Le Bailly; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):613-619.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.613

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Paleoparasitological analysis was carried on 4 Merovingian skeletons, dated from the late-5th to the late-9th centuries, and recovered in the church of Saint-Martin-au-Val in Chartres (Center region, France). The corpses were buried in stone sarcophagi, which were still sealed at the time of excavation. Parasite marker extraction was conducted on sediment samples taken from the abdominal and pelvic regions, but also on samples taken from under the head and the feet as control samples. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of 3 gastrointestinal parasites, namely the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the fish tapeworm (genus Diphyllobothrium). This analysis contributes to a better knowledge of the health status and the lifestyle of ancient medieval populations during the Merovingian period, for which very few paleoparasitological data were available, up until now. It demonstrates the presence of the fish tapeworm for the first time during this period.

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Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE)
Ramón López-Gijón, Zita Laffranchi, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, Matthieu Le Bailly, Salvatore Duras, Kévin Roche, Daniele Vitali, Luciano Salzani, Albert Zink, Marco Milella
International Journal of Paleopathology.2025; 51: 1. CrossRef

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Differential Change in the Prevalence of the Ascaris, Trichuris and Clonorchis infection Among Past East Asian Populations: Xiaoya Zhan, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):601-605.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.601

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As we learn more about parasites in ancient civilizations, data becomes available that can be used to see how infection may change over time. The aim of this study is to assess how common certain intestinal parasites were in China and Korea in the past 2000 years, and make comparisons with prevalence data from the 20th century. This allows us to go on to investigate how and why changes in parasite prevalence may have occurred at different times. Here we show that Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) dropped markedly in prevalence in both Korea and China earlier than did roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura). We use historical evidence to determine why this was the case, exploring the role of developing sanitation infrastructure, changing use of human feces as crop fertilizer, development of chemical fertilizers, snail control programs, changing dietary preferences, and governmental public health campaigns during the 20th century.

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Ancient parasite analysis: Exploring infectious diseases in past societies
Piers D. Mitchell
Journal of Archaeological Science.2024; 170: 106067. CrossRef
Updates on parasite infection prevalence in the Joseon period based on parasitological studies of human coprolites isolated from archaeological sites in the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju
Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Sori Min, Kyong Taek Oh, Jeonghwan Seol, Mi Kyung Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 89. CrossRef
Liver Fluke Infection Throughout Human Evolution
Tianyi Wang, Piers D. Mitchell
Gastro Hep Advances.2022; 1(4): 500. CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef
The what, how and why of archaeological coprolite analysis
Lisa-Marie Shillito, John C. Blong, Eleanor J. Green, Eline N. van Asperen
Earth-Science Reviews.2020; 207: 103196. CrossRef

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Assessing the Parasitic Burden in a Late Antique Florentine Emergency Burial Site: K?vin Roche, Elsa Pacciani, Raffaella Bianucci, Matthieu Le Bailly; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):587-593.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.587

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Excavation (2008-2014) carried out under the Uffizi Gallery (Florence, Italy) led to the discovery of 75 individuals, mostly buried in multiple graves. Based on Roman minted coins, the graves were preliminarily dated between the second half of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE. Taphonomy showed that this was an emergency burial site associated with a catastrophic event, possibly an epidemic of unknown etiology with high mortality rates. In this perspective, paleoparasitological investigations were performed on 18 individuals exhumed from 9 multiple graves to assess the burden of gastrointestinal parasitism. Five out of eighteen individuals (27.7%) tested positive for ascarid-type remains; these are considered as “decorticated” Ascaris eggs, which have lost their outer mammillated coat. Roundworms (genus Ascaris) commonly infest human populations under dire sanitary conditions. Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that Florentia suffered a period of economic crisis between the end of 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE, and that the aqueduct was severely damaged at the beginning of the 4th century CE, possibly during the siege of the Goths (406 CE). It is more than plausible that the epidemic, possibly coupled with the disruption of the aqueduct, deeply affected the living conditions of these individuals. A 27.7% frequency suggests that ascariasis was widespread in this population. This investigation exemplifies how paleoparasitological information can be retrieved from the analysis of sediments sampled in cemeteries, thus allowing a better assessment of the varying frequency of parasitic infections among ancient populations.

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Evidence of parasites in the ancient city of Delos (Greece) during the hellenistic period
Kévin Roche, Nicolas Capelli, Alain Bouet, Matthieu Le Bailly
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Using intestinal parasites to identify the utilization of archaeological structures: A 12th-13th century sewer systems from an Islamic funduq (Murcia, Spain)
Ramón López-Gijón, Alicia Hernández-Robles, Salvatore Duras, Mireia Celma, Ana Curto, José Ángel González-Ballesteros, Benjamin Dufour, Matthieu Le Bailly, Jorge A. Eiroa
Journal of Archaeological Science.2025; 180: 106266. CrossRef
Sedimentary ancient DNA as part of a multimethod paleoparasitology approach reveals temporal trends in human parasitic burden in the Roman period
Marissa L. Ledger, Tyler J. Murchie, Zachery Dickson, Melanie Kuch, Scott D. Haddow, Christopher J. Knüsel, Gil J. Stein, Mike Parker Pearson, Rachel Ballantyne, Mark Knight, Koen Deforce, Maureen Carroll, Candace Rice, Tyler Franconi, Nataša Šarkić, Saša
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(6): e0013135. CrossRef
Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE)
Ramón López-Gijón, Zita Laffranchi, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, Matthieu Le Bailly, Salvatore Duras, Kévin Roche, Daniele Vitali, Luciano Salzani, Albert Zink, Marco Milella
International Journal of Paleopathology.2025; 51: 1. CrossRef
Palaeoparasitological evidence for a possible sanitary stone vessel from the Roman city of Viminacium, Serbia
Nemanja Marković, Angelina Raičković Savić, Ana Mitić, Piers D. Mitchell
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 57: 104671. CrossRef
Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Roman Britain: Integrating New Evidence from Roman London
Marissa L. Ledger, Rebecca Redfern, Piers D. Mitchell
Britannia.2024; 55: 99. CrossRef
Implications of the prevalence of Ascaris sp. in the funerary context of a Late Antique population (5th-7th c.) in Granada (Spain)
Ramón López-Gijón, Edgard Camarós, Ángel Rubio-Salvador, Salvatore Duras, Miguel C. Botella-López, Inmaculada Alemán-Aguilera, Ángel Rodríguez-Aguilera, Macarena Bustamante-Álvarez, Lydia P. Sánchez-Barba, Benjamin Dufour, Matthieu Le Bailly
International Journal of Paleopathology.2023; 43: 45. CrossRef
Intestinal parasite infection in the Augustinian friars and general population of medieval Cambridge, UK
Tianyi Wang, Craig Cessford, Jenna M. Dittmar, Sarah Inskip, Peter M. Jones, Piers D. Mitchell
International Journal of Paleopathology.2022; 39: 115. CrossRef
Using parasite analysis to identify ancient chamber pots: An example of the fifth century CE from Gerace, Sicily, Italy
Sophie Rabinow, Tianyi Wang, Roger J.A. Wilson, Piers D. Mitchell
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2022; 42: 103349. CrossRef
Reconstructing the history of helminth prevalence in the UK
Hannah Ryan, Patrik G Flammer, Rebecca Nicholson, Louise Loe, Ben Reeves, Enid Allison, Christopher Guy, Inés Lopez Doriga, Tony Waldron, Don Walker, Claas Kirchhelle, Greger Larson, Adrian L Smith, Subash Babu
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(4): e0010312. CrossRef
UBC Excavations of the Roman Villa at Gerace, Sicily: Results of the 2019 Season
R.J.A. Wilson
Mouseion.2022; 18(3): 379. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasite burden in 4th-5th c. CE Florence highlighted by microscopy and paleogenetics
Kévin Roche, Nicolas Capelli, Elsa Pacciani, Paolo Lelli, Pasquino Pallecchi, Raffaella Bianucci, Matthieu Le Bailly
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 90: 104713. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal infection in Italy during the Roman Imperial and Longobard periods: A paleoparasitological analysis of sediment from skeletal remains and sewer drains
Marissa L. Ledger, Ileana Micarelli, Devin Ward, Tracy L. Prowse, Maureen Carroll, Kristina Killgrove, Candace Rice, Tyler Franconi, Mary Anne Tafuri, Giorgio Manzi, Piers D. Mitchell
International Journal of Paleopathology.2021; 33: 61. CrossRef
Accessing Ancient Population Lifeways through the Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites: Paleoparasitology
Matthieu Le Bailly, Céline Maicher, Kévin Roche, Benjamin Dufour
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(11): 4868. CrossRef
Attempting to simplify methods in parasitology of archaeological sediments: An examination of taphonomic aspects
Aida Romera Barbera, Darwin Hertzel, Karl J. Reinhard
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102522. CrossRef
Intestinal Parasitic Infection in the Eastern Roman Empire During the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity
Marissa L. Ledger, Erica Rowan, Frances Gallart Marques, John H. Sigmier, Nataša Šarkić, Saša Redžić, Nicholas D. Cahill, Piers D. Mitchell
American Journal of Archaeology.2020; 124(4): 631. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Intestinal Parasites in an Ottoman Period Latrine from Acre (Israel) Dating to the Early 1800s CE: William H. Eskew, Marissa L. Ledger, Abigail Lloyd, Grace Pyles, Joppe Gosker, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):575-580.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.575

Abstract
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The aim of this study is to determine the species of parasites that affected the inhabitants of the city of Acre on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean during the Ottoman Period. This is the first archaeological study of parasites in the Ottoman Empire. We analysed sediment from a latrine dating to the early 1800s for the presence of helminth eggs and protozoan parasites which caused dysentery. The samples were examined using light microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We found evidence for roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), fish tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus sp.), Taenia tapeworm (Taenia sp.), lancet liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), and the protozoa Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite taxa recovered demonstrate the breadth of species present in this coastal city. We consider the effect of Ottoman Period diet, culture, trade and sanitation upon risk of parasitism in this community living 200 years ago.

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A glimpse into daily life in an Ottoman harbour: Evidence from a cesspit in Ainos (Türkiye)
Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Anca Dan, Piers D Mitchell, Tianyi Wang, W. Marijn van der Meij, Jean-Baptiste Houal, Sait Başaran, Türker Arslan, Ercan Erkul, Simon Fischer, Wolfgang Rabbel, Felix Reize, Helmut Brückner
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104766. CrossRef
Giardia duodenalis and dysentery in Iron Age Jerusalem (7th–6th century BCE)
Piers D. Mitchell, Tianyi Wang, Ya'akov Billig, Yuval Gadot, Peter Warnock, Dafna Langgut
Parasitology.2023; 150(8): 693. CrossRef
Paleomicrobiology of the human digestive tract: A review
Riccardo Nodari, Michel Drancourt, Rémi Barbieri
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 157: 104972. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitology — a new source of reconstruction of migrations of ancient populations: opportunities, results, and prospects
S.M. Slepchenko
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (3(54)): 147. CrossRef

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5 Web of Science
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Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries: Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Oleg Viktorovich Kardash, Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Rakultseva Daria Sergeyevna, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):567-573.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.567

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An archaeoparasitological analysis of the soil samples from Nadym Gorodok site of Western Siberia has been carried out in this study. The archaeological site was dated as the 13 to 18th century, being characterized as permafrost region ensuring good preservation of ancient parasite eggs. Parasite eggs as Opisthorchis felineus, Alaria alata, and Diphyllobothrium sp. were found in the archaeological soil samples, which made clear about the detailed aspects of Nadym Gorodok people’s life. We found the Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs throughout the 14 to 18th century specimens, allowing us to presume that raw or undercooked fish might have been commonly used for the foods of Nadym Gorodok inhabitants and their dogs for at least the past 400 years. Our study on Nadym Gorodok specimens also demonstrate that there might have been migratory interactions and strong economic ties between the people and society in Western Siberia, based on archaeoparasitological results of Opisthorchis felineus in Western Siberia.

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Early history of parasitic diseases in northern dogs revealed by dog paleofeces from the 9000-year-old frozen Zhokhov site in the New Siberian Islands of East Siberian Arctic
S.M. Slepchenko, A.V. Khrustalev, S.N. Ivanov, I.V. Titova, A.K. Kasparov, V.G. Chasnyk, E.Y. Pavlova, V.V. Pitulko
Journal of Archaeological Science.2025; 182: 106337. CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control
Men-Bao Qian, Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Archaeoparasitology and pathoecology of Buchta Nakhodka, a medieval settlement in the far north of Western Siberia, dating from the 13th century
S.M. Slepchenko, T.V. Lobanova, O.V. Kardash, G.V. Alyamkin, S.N. Ivanov, A.V. Chrustalev
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104754. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
New contribution of archaeoparasitology in the Far North of Eastern Siberia: First data about the parasitological spectrum of Stadukhinsky Fort in the 17th-18th centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Georgy Viktorovich Alyamkin, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2022; 41: 103304. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological data and pathoecology of the town of Mangazeya in Western Siberia in the 17th century
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Daria Sergeyevna Rakultseva
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2021; 35: 102770. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitology — a new source of reconstruction of migrations of ancient populations: opportunities, results, and prospects
S.M. Slepchenko
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (3(54)): 147. CrossRef
First results of the archaeoparasitological study of the Volna 1 burial ground (Temryuk District, Krasnodar Krai)
S.М. Slepchenko, N.I. Sudarev, I.V. Tsokur, A.N. Abramova
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (4(55)): 125. CrossRef
Opisthorchis felineus as the basis for the reconstruction of migrations using archaeoparasitological materials
Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Discovery of Parasite Eggs in Archeological Residence during the 15th Century in Seoul, Korea: Pyo Yeon Cho, Jung-Min Park, Myeong-Ki Hwang, Seo Hye Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):357-361.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.357

Abstract
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During civil engineering construction near Sejong-ro, Jongro-ku, Seoul, cultural sites were found that are thought to have been built in the 15th century. This area was home to many different people as well as the leaders of the Yi dynasty. To gain further insight into the life styles of the inhabitants of the old capital, soil samples were collected from various areas such as toilets, water foundations, and drainage ways. Parasite eggs were examined by microscopy after 5 g soil samples were rehydrated in 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution. A total of 662 parasite eggs from 7 species were found. Species with the highest number of eggs found were Ascaris lumbricoides (n=483), followed by Trichuris trichiura (138), Trichuris vulpis (21), Fasciola hepatica (8), Clonorchis sinensis (6), Paragonimus westermani (4), and Metagonimus yokogawai (2). These findings indirectly indicate the food habits of the people in Yi dynasty.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
Green vegetable juice as a potential source of human fascioliasis in Korea
Sungim Choi, Sunghee Park, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min Jae Kim
One Health.2022; 15: 100441. CrossRef
Opisthorchis felineus as the basis for the reconstruction of migrations using archaeoparasitological materials
Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Oleg Viktorovich Kardash, Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Rakultseva Daria Sergeyevna, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 567. CrossRef

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Original Article

Traditional Living Habits of the Taz Tundra Population: A Paleoparasitological Study: Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Bagashev Anatoly Nikolaevich, Tsybankov Alexander Alekseevich, Slavinsky Vyacheslav Sergeyevich; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):617-623.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.617

Abstract
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An excavation of the Vesakoyakha II-IV and Nyamboyto I burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine interactions between parasites and host/vectors. Considering the discovery of Diphyllobothrium sp. and Taenia sp. eggs in soil samples from the pelvic region, diphyllobothriasis was the most frequent helminthic infection among the Taz Nenets. The Nyamboyto Nenets mainly consumed uncooked fish, while the Vesakoyakha Nenets had a bigger variety in food choices, including reindeer meat. Nenets children were given raw fish from early childhood. The paleoparasitological results corroborate rare ethnographic records about the consumption of uncooked reindeer cerebrum which led to beef tapeworm helminthiases. This is the first parasitological report of helminthic diseases among the Taz Nenets, and, as such, it provides insight into their subsistence activities and food patterns and broadens our understanding of their health condition.

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Find of Eggs of the Trematode Echinochasmus sp. (Trematoda, Echinochasmidae) in the Late Holocene of Northwestern Siberia
T. N. Sivkova, P. A. Kosintsev, V. V. Krapivina
Doklady Biological Sciences.2025; 522(1): 163. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitology and pathoecology of Buchta Nakhodka, a medieval settlement in the far north of Western Siberia, dating from the 13th century
S.M. Slepchenko, T.V. Lobanova, O.V. Kardash, G.V. Alyamkin, S.N. Ivanov, A.V. Chrustalev
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104754. CrossRef
Tracing zoonotic parasite infections throughout human evolution
Marissa L. Ledger, Piers D. Mitchell
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology.2022; 32(3): 553. CrossRef
New contribution of archaeoparasitology in the Far North of Eastern Siberia: First data about the parasitological spectrum of Stadukhinsky Fort in the 17th-18th centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Georgy Viktorovich Alyamkin, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov
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Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Daria Sergeyevna Rakultseva
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Maria Olegovna Filimonova, Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko
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Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef
Caries, antemortem tooth loss and tooth wear observed in indigenous peoples and Russian settlers of 16th to 19th century West Siberia
Hyejin Lee, Jong Ha Hong, Yeonwoo Hong, Dong Hoon Shin, Sergey Slepchenko
Archives of Oral Biology.2019; 98: 176. CrossRef
The Buchta-Nakhodka 2 burial ground: Results of archaeoparasitological and macro-remains investigations of samples from the burial grounds of the 6th–13th century CE on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia
Sergey Slepchenko, Oleg Kardash, Sergey Ivanov, Alexey Afonin, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong Ha Hong
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2019; 23: 791. CrossRef
Middle Holocene menus: dietary reconstruction from coprolites at the Connley Caves, Oregon, USA
Katelyn N. McDonough
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2019; 11(11): 5963. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological analysis of soil samples from Sarmatian Burial Ground Kovalevka I, 2nd–1st centuries BСE, Russia
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Evgeny Vladimirovich Pererva, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Valeriy Mikhailovich Klepikov
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2019; 26: 101874. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Oleg Viktorovich Kardash, Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Rakultseva Daria Sergeyevna, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 567. CrossRef
Comparison of Helminth Infection among the Native Populations of the Arctic and Subarctic Areas in Western Siberia Throughout History: Parasitological Researches on Contemporary and the Archaeological Resources
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Vladimirovich Bugmyrin, Andrew Igorevich Kozlov, Galina Grigorievna Vershubskaya, Dong Hoon Shin
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Sergey Slepchenko, Karl Reinhard
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Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Konstantin Vladimirovich Chugunov, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Alisa Vladimirovna Zubova, Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko
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Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Anton Vasilevich Vybornov, Tsybankov Alexander Alekseevich, Slavinsky Vyacheslav Sergeyevich, Danil Nikolaevich Lysenko, Vyacheslav Evgenievich Matveev
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Mini Reviews

The Paleoparasitology in Brazil and Findings in Human Remains from South America: A Review: Sh?nia Patr?cia Corr?a Novo, Luiz Fernando Ferreira; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):573-583.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.573

Abstract
PDF

Abstract: The review article presents some of the history of how paleoparasitology started in Brazil, making highlight the great responsible Dr. Luiz Fernando Ferreira and Dr. Adauto Ara?jo, the trajectory of paleoparasitology in Brazil since 1978 and its performance in science to the present day. In sequence, it is made a presentation of parasitological findings on human remains found in archaeological sites in South America, highlighting Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Peru, where major discoveries have occurred. Many of the parasites found in archaeological material and mentioned in this review went out of Africa with the peopling of Europe and from there they dispersed around the world, where climatic conditions allow the transmission. However, humans have acquired other parasites of animals, since humans invaded new habitats or creating new habits adopting new technologies, thus expanding its range of influence on the environment. Thus, this review article is finalized with information that explain the importance of these findings in the interaction between parasites, human host, and ambient.

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First report in pre-Columbian mummies from Bolivia of Enterobius vermicularis infection and capillariid eggs: A contribution to Paleoparasitology studies
Guido Valverde, Viterman Ali, Pamela Durán, Luis Castedo, José Luis Paz, Eddy Martínez
International Journal of Paleopathology.2020; 31: 34. CrossRef
First description of Enterobius vermicularis egg in a coprolite dated from the pre-contact in Brazil
Matheus Lino, Daniela Leles, Alfredo P. Peña, Marina C. Vinaud
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2018; 17: 1. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology and pathoecology in Russia: Investigations and perspectives
Sergey Slepchenko, Karl Reinhard
International Journal of Paleopathology.2018; 22: 39. CrossRef

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3 Web of Science
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Ancient Human Parasites in Ethnic Chinese Populations: Hui-Yuan Yeh, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):565-572.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.565

Abstract
PDF

Whilst archaeological evidence for many aspects of life in ancient China is well studied, there has been much less interest in ancient infectious diseases, such as intestinal parasites in past Chinese populations. Here, we bring together evidence from mummies, ancient latrines, and pelvic soil from burials, dating from the Neolithic Period to the Qing Dynasty, in order to better understand the health of the past inhabitants of China and the diseases endemic in the region. Seven species of intestinal parasite have been identified, namely roundworm, whipworm, Chinese liver fluke, oriental schistosome, pinworm, Taenia sp. tapeworm, and the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski. It was found that in the past, roundworm, whipworm, and Chinese liver fluke appear to have been much more common than the other species. While roundworm and whipworm remained common into the late 20th century, Chinese liver fluke seems to have undergone a marked decline in its prevalence over time. The iconic transport route known as the Silk Road has been shown to have acted as a vector for the transmission of ancient diseases, highlighted by the discovery of Chinese liver fluke in a 2,000 year-old relay station in northwest China, 1,500 km outside its endemic range.

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Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef
Review of Successful Control of Parasitic Infections in Korea
Sung-Tae Hong, Tai-Soon Yong
Infection & Chemotherapy.2020; 52(3): 427. CrossRef
A comparison of ancient parasites as seen from archeological contexts and early medical texts in China
Hui-Yuan Yeh, Xiaoya Zhan, Wuyun Qi
International Journal of Paleopathology.2019; 25: 30. CrossRef
Differential Change in the Prevalence of the Ascaris, Trichuris and Clonorchis infection Among Past East Asian Populations
Xiaoya Zhan, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Piers D. Mitchell
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 601. CrossRef
Discovery of Eurytrema Eggs in Sediment from a Colonial Period Latrine in Taiwan
Hui-Yuan Yeh, Chieh-fu Jeff Cheng, ChingJung Huang, Xiaoya Zhan, Weng Kin Wong, Piers D. Mitchell
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Relationship between blood parameters and Clonorchis sinensis infection: A retrospective single center study
Huaping Chen, Siyuan Chen, Zhili Huang, Lingxi Kong, Zuojian Hu, Shanzi Qin, Xue Qin, Shan Li
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A Case of Ectopic Paragonimiasis in a 17th Century Korean Mummy
D. H. Shin, Y.-S. Kim, D. S. Yoo, M. J. Kim, C. S. Oh, J. H. Hong, E. Lee, J. Y. Chai, M. Seo
Journal of Parasitology.2017; 103(4): 399. CrossRef

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Detection Trend of Helminth Eggs in the Strata Soil Samples from Ancient Historic Places of Korea: Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Myeung Ju Kim, Sang Yuk Shim, Ho Chul Ki, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):555-563.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.555

Abstract
PDF

For several years, we have conducted a series of studies on the patterns of ancient parasitism prevailing in the soil of rural and urban areas of past Kingdom of Korea. Actually, during our survey of paleoparasitology in archaeological sites of Korean peninsula, numerous ancient parasite eggs were discovered in the samples from the city districts of Hansung (Joseon) and Buyeo (Baikje), the palace moat at Gyeongju (Silla), shell-midden site at Bonghwang-dong (Silla to Joseon), and the reservoir found in Hwawangsansung fortress (Silla). By the paleoparasitological studies, with respect to parasitism in the high-density populations of ancient towns and cities, we have managed to catch glimpses of the patterns prevalent therein: a serious parasitic contamination of the soil in ancient urban areas, but not in rural areas of the past. Our historical research also proposed the plausible mechanism of parasite infection very serious indeed among urban populations in Korean history. Although city dwelling doubtless has accrued significant benefits for people and populations with agriculture, it can be equally supposed that living in such highly populated areas might have facilitated the spread of parasite infection.

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トイレ考古学と考古寄生虫学
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Brief Communication

V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs: Dong Hoon Shin, Sang-Yuck Shim, Myeung Ju Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Mi-Hyun Lee, Suk Bae Jung, Geon Il Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):569-573.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.569

Abstract
PDF

In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.

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Helminth Eggs Detected in Soil Samples of a Possible Toilet Structure Found at the Capital Area of Ancient Baekje Kingdom of Korea
Chang Seok Oh, Sang-Yuck Shim, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Hisashi Fujita, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 393. CrossRef
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Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105309. CrossRef
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Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Strategy Based on the Microscopic Examinations of Prehistoric Samples and the Recent Report on the Difference in the Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Indian Subcontinent
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Ancient Asia.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Estimation of parasite infection prevalence of Joseon people by paleoparasitological data updates from the ancient feces of pre-modern Korean mummies
MIN SEO, CHANG SEOK OH, JONG HA HONG, JONG-YIL CHAI, SOON CHUL CHA, YURI BANG, IN GUK CHA, YANG GUN WI, JUNG MIN PARK, DONG HOON SHIN
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 357. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Paleoparasitological Studies on Mummies of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea: Min Seo, Adauto Araujo, Karl Reinhard, Jong Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):235-242.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.235

Abstract
PDF

Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.

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Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
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Two Helminthic Cases of Human Mummy Remains from Joseon-Period Graves in Korea
Chang Seok Oh, Hyejin Lee, Jieun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Soon Chul Cha, Jong-Yil Chai, Cheol Min Ha, Ryang-Ji Kang, Do-Seon Lim, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 149. CrossRef
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Min Seo, Sang-Yuck Shim, Hwa Young Lee, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Ji Eun Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2020; 106(1): 184. CrossRef
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Reconsideration of Dr. Allen’s Report about Hemoptysis Patients from High Prevalence of Archaeoparasitological Paragonimiasis in Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 635. CrossRef
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Min Seo, Chang Seok Oh, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Jin Og Ju, Dong Hoon Shin
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Morgana Camacho, Adauto Araújo, Johnica Morrow, Jane Buikstra, Karl Reinhard
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Dong Hoon Shin, Raffaella Bianucci, Hisashi Fujita, Jong Ha Hong
BioMed Research International.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Strategy Based on the Microscopic Examinations of Prehistoric Samples and the Recent Report on the Difference in the Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Indian Subcontinent
Dong Hoon Shin, Yong Jun Kim, Ravindra Singh Bisht, Vivek Dangi, Prabodh Shirvalkar, Nilesh Jadhav, Chang Seok Oh, Jong Ha Hong, Jong Yil Chai, Min Seo, Vasant Shinde
Ancient Asia.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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D. H. Shin, Y.-S. Kim, D. S. Yoo, M. J. Kim, C. S. Oh, J. H. Hong, E. Lee, J. Y. Chai, M. Seo
Journal of Parasitology.2017; 103(4): 399. CrossRef
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MIN SEO, CHANG SEOK OH, JONG HA HONG, JONG-YIL CHAI, SOON CHUL CHA, YURI BANG, IN GUK CHA, YANG GUN WI, JUNG MIN PARK, DONG HOON SHIN
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Brief Communication

Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do: Myeong-Ju Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Mi-Jin Song, Hye-Young Song, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):489-492.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.489

Abstract
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A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.

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Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
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Pyo Yeon Cho, Jung-Min Park, Myeong-Ki Hwang, Seo Hye Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee
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