Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"rabbit"

Case Reports

First Infestation Case of Sarcoptic Mange from a Pet Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Sungryong Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Tilak Chandra Nath, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):315-319.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.315

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In November 2019 a 5-month-old mixed-breed rabbit presented to Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea (Korea) with symptoms comprising pruritus, crusts on skin, poor appetite and reduced defecation. The rabbit was purchased 2 months prior from a pet shop located in a big market, and that the symptoms were first observed about 2 weeks prior to the hospital visit. Physical examination revealed that the patient had crust formation and alopecia on the nose together with lesions on the digits. A skin scraping test was performed using mineral oil and a high density of mites was observed by microscopy. Each mite showed a round, tortoise-like body with 4 comparatively short pairs of legs. The anus was located at the terminal unlike with suspected pathogen, Notoedres cati. Based on morphological characteristics, we identified the mite as Sarcoptes sp. Ivermectin was administered weekly by subcutaneous injection at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg, and 4 weeks of follow-up study revealed the patient was fully recovered. And no more mites were detected from the case. This is the first case report of sarcoptic mange in a pet rabbit in Korea.

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Genetic and Serological Survey of Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in South Korea
Sanghyun Lee, Garam Kim, So-Jeong Kim, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Dong-Hyuk Jeong
Animals.2024; 14(23): 3490. CrossRef
Zoonotic Episodes of Scabies: A Global Overview
Barbara Moroni, Luca Rossi, Charlotte Bernigaud, Jacques Guillot
Pathogens.2022; 11(2): 213. CrossRef
Mange in Rabbits: An Ectoparasitic Disease with a Zoonotic Potential
Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany, Remo Lobetti
Veterinary Medicine International.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

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A Case of Coenurosis in a Wild Rabbit (Lepus sinensis) Caused by Taenia serialis Metacestode in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China: Xue-Yong Zhang, Ying-Na Jian, Li-Qing Ma, Xiu-Ping Li, Panagiotis Karanis; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):195-198.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.195

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Six cystic metacestodes were found in the abdominal muscles of a wild rabbit, Lepus sinensis, in China. The coenurus contained one or more scolices armed with hooklets. Mitochondrial cox1 (1,623 bp) confirmed 98% homology with cox1 of Taenia serialis. This is the first report of T. serialis infection in an intermediate host in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Citations

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Parasitic Fauna of Lepus europaeus and Lepus timidus in Kazakhstan: Parasitological Profile and Molecular Identification
Vladimir Kiyan, Ainura Smagulova, Nurassyl Manapov, Karina Jazina, Rabiga Uakhit, Aitbay Bulashev, Lyudmila Lider, Sergey Leontyev
Biology.2025; 14(8): 1083. CrossRef
Zoonotic parasites associated with predation by dogs and cats
Jairo Alfonso Mendoza Roldan, Domenico Otranto
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia spp. parasites found in wildlife in the Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy (2017–2022)
Simone Bariselli, Giulia Maioli, Giovanni Pupillo, Mattia Calzolari, Deborah Torri, Letizia Cirasella, Andrea Luppi, Camilla Torreggiani, Chiara Garbarino, Filippo Barsi, Gianluca Rugna, Michele Dottori
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2023; 22: 20. CrossRef
Expansion of Cyclophyllidea Biodiversity in Rodents of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the “Out of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau” Hypothesis of Cyclophyllideans
Yao-Dong Wu, Guo-Dong Dai, Li Li, D. Timothy J. Littlewood, John Asekhaen Ohiolei, Lin-Sheng Zhang, Ai-Min Guo, Yan-Tao Wu, Xing-Wei Ni, Nigus Abebe Shumuye, Wen-Hui Li, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Bao-Quan Fu, Yong Fu, Hong-Bin Yan, Wan-Zhong Jia
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Wildlife-transmitted Taenia and Versteria cysticercosis and coenurosis in humans and other primates
Peter Deplazes, Ramon M. Eichenberger, Felix Grimm
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2019; 9: 342. CrossRef
Coenurosis of Yak, Bos grunniens, caused by Taenia multiceps: A Case Report with Molecular Identification in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China
Xue-Yong Zhang, Ying-Na Jian, Hong Duo, Xiu-Ying Shen, Yi-Juan Ma, Yong Fu, Zhi-Hong Guo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 423. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Boars, Wild Rabbits, and Wild Chickens in Hubei Province, China: Houqiang Luo, Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Yanfang Lan, Xiong Xiong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):85-88.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.85

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Toxoplasma gondii causes serious infection worldwide in humans and animals. In this study, the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n=377), wild rabbits (cape hare, Lapus capensis) (n=331), and wild chickens (red junglefwol, Gallus gallus) (n=571) in 4 forested and country sided area of Hubei province of China. For this, blood samples were collected and tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The seroprevalence was found to be 7.2%, 5.1%, and 12.6% in wild boars, rabbits, and chickens, respectively, with significant differences among these species. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in male and female wild boars was found to be 7.9% and 6.5% (P<0.01), in male and female rabbits was 5.6% and 4.9% (P<0.01), and in male and female chickens was 17.1% and 7.7% (P<0.01), respectively, with significant differences between 2 genders of chickens (P<0.01). The findings of this study may help in planning of the prevention measures against T. gondii infection in wild animals in this area.

Citations

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Global prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chao Chen, Si-Yuan Qin, Xing Yang, Xiao-Man Li, Yanan Cai, Cong-Cong Lei, Quan Zhao, Hany M. Elsheikha, Hongwei Cao
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2024; 226: 106187. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered chickens in Tripoli, Lebanon
Sara Khalife, Dima El Safadi
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2023; 46: 100941. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens in China during 1993–2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lan-Bi Nie, Qing-Long Gong, Qi Wang, Rui Zhang, Jun-Feng Shi, Yang Yang, Jian-Ming Li, Xing-Quan Zhu, Kun Shi, Rui Du
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(1): 287. CrossRef
The Influence of Landscape Structure on the Occurrence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. in Free-Living Neotropical Primates
Elisandro O. dos Santos, Vinícius F. Klain, Sebastián B. Manrique, Isac Junior Roman, Helton F. dos Santos, Luís Antônio Sangioni, Fernanda S. F. Vogel, José Reck, Anelise Webster, Thamiris C. Padilha, Marco Antônio B. de Almeida, Edmilson dos Santos, Luc
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(4): 1680. CrossRef
Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Genotypes ofToxoplasma gondiiin Free-Range Chickens Intended for Human Consumption in China
Qiu-Yan Lv, Min-Xiu Quan, Hua-Li Tang, Xi-Ting Wu, Guo-Hua Liu, Fen Li, Shi-Feng Hu
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2021; 18(4): 253. CrossRef
Epidemiological and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Rabbits and Hares: 2010–2020
Sonia Almeria, Fernando H. A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C. H. Kwok, Alicia Shipley, Jitender P. Dubey
Microorganisms.2021; 9(3): 597. CrossRef
Serological evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds and local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria
S.I. Bata, B.V. Maikai, J.K.P. Kwaga, O.O. Okubanjo, L. Pam, Y. S Wungak, J. Kamani, C. Elisha, K. Ogbu, M. Dike, C.S. Ringyl, S. Makama
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2021; 25: 100601. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Swine: Implications for Public Health
Vasileios G. Papatsiros, Labrini V. Athanasiou, Polychronis Kostoulas, Alexios Giannakopoulos, Eleni Tzika, Charalambos Billinis
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2021; 18(12): 823. CrossRef
The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars from Three Voivodeships in Poland, MAT Analyses
Aleksandra Kornacka, Bożena Moskwa, Anna Werner, Piotr Nowosad, Wiesława Jankowska, Aleksandra Cybulska, Anna C. Majewska
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(2): 490. CrossRef
Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825) and Caimam crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Flávia Batista Ferreira, Arlindo Gomes de Macêdo-Júnior, Carolina Salomão Lopes, Murilo Vieira Silva, Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos, Álvaro Ferreira Júnior, Sérgio Netto Vitaliano, Fernanda Maria Santiago, André Luis Quagliatto Santos, José Roberto Mineo, Tia
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2020; 12: 42. CrossRef
All about Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs: 2009–2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Fernando H.A. Murata, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Dolores Hill, Yurong Yang, Chunlei Su
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 288: 109185. CrossRef
WITHDRAWN: All about Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs: the past decade
Jitender P. Dubey, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Fernando H.A. Murata, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Dolores Hill, Yurong R. Yang, Chunlei Su
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; : 109182. CrossRef
A Seroepidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia Infection in Chickens, Ducks, and Geese in Jilin Province, Northeastern China
Ming-Han Li, Bin-Tong Yang, Zhi-Wei Yin, Wei Wang, Quan Zhao, Jing Jiang
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2020; 20(11): 825. CrossRef
Epidemiologic significance ofToxoplasma gondiiinfections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): the past decade
J. P. Dubey, H. F. J. Pena, C. K. Cerqueira-Cézar, F. H. A. Murata, O. C. H. Kwok, Y. R. Yang, S. M. Gennari, C. Su
Parasitology.2020; 147(12): 1263. CrossRef
Wild Boar: A Reservoir of Foodborne Zoonoses
Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2019; 16(3): 153. CrossRef
Occurrence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in slaughtered domestic rabbits in central China
Weifeng Qian, Wenchao Yan, Chaochao Lv, Rongzhen Bai, Tianqi Wang
Parasite.2019; 26: 36. CrossRef
Socio-economic burden of parasitic infections in yaks from 1984 to 2017 on Qinghai Tibetan Plateau of China—A review
Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Xiong Jiang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiaodong Zhao, Jiakui Li
Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 103. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Tolai Hares (Lepus tolai) Intended for Human Consumption in China: Seroprevalence, DNA Detection, and Genotyping
Wei Cong, Chun-Xue Zhou, Long Chen, Yang Zou, Wei-Li Wang, Qing-Feng Meng, Ai-Dong Qian
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2018; 15(9): 544. CrossRef
The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild boars: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ali Rostami, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Yadollah Fakhri, Vafa Saber, Hooman Hanifehpour, Soghra Valizadeh, Majid Gholizadeh, Rokhsane Hosseini Pouya, H.Ray Gamble
Veterinary Parasitology.2017; 244: 12. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Potential Vaccine Targets against Rabbit Coccidiosis by Immunoproteomic Analysis: Hongyan Song, Ronglian Dong, Baofeng Qiu, Jin Jing, Shunxing Zhu, Chun Liu, Yingmei Jiang, Liucheng Wu, Shengcun Wang, Jin Miao, Yixiang Shao; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):15-20.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.15

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to identify antigens for a vaccine or drug target to control rabbit coccidiosis. A combination of 2-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometric analysis were used to identify novel antigens from the sporozoites of Eimeria stiedae. Protein spots were recognized by the sera of New Zealand rabbits infected artificially with E. stiedae. The proteins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) analysis in combination with bioinformatics. Approximately 868 protein spots were detected by silver-staining, and a total of 41 immunoreactive protein spots were recognized by anti-E. stiedae sera. Finally, 23 protein spots were successfully identified. The proteins such as heat shock protein 70 and aspartyl protease may have potential as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens. The immunoreactive proteins were found to possess a wide range of biological functions. This study is the first to report the proteins recognized by sera of infected rabbits with E. stiedae, which might be helpful in identifying potential targets for vaccine development to control rabbit coccidiosis.

Citations

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Immunoproteomic analyses identify broadly cross-reactive sporozoite immunogens of Eimeria maxima recognized by antisera from chickens infected with E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella or E. acervulina
Haiwei Gong, Haiying Deng, Feng Song, Tao Han, Xiangqin Wang, Shangyu Feng, Weiyi Chen, Liheng Liu
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 336: 110462. CrossRef
Preliminary evaluation of the protective effects of recombinant AMA1 and IMP1 against Eimeria stiedae infection in rabbits
Jie Xiao, Ruoyu Zheng, Xin Bai, Jiayan Pu, Hao Chen, Xiaobin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Bo Jing, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Deaths Due to Mixed Infections with Passalurus ambiguus, Eimeria spp. and Cyniclomyces guttulatus in an Industrial Rabbit Farm in Greece
Georgios Sioutas, Konstantinos Evangelou, Antonios Vlachavas, Elias Papadopoulos
Pathogens.2021; 10(6): 756. CrossRef
Pathological changes and antigen localization in the small intestine of rabbits infected with Eimeria magna
X. Yuan, J. Liu, F. Wang, X. F. Hu, F. Wen, X. E. Tang, S. S. Yang, S. W. Zhong, Z. H. Zhou, Yong Li
World Rabbit Science.2021; 29(3): 183. CrossRef
Treatment of Rabbit Coccidiosis with Combination of Herbal Extract II toward Oocysts Excretion and Hematology Parameters
D Indrasanti, M Indradji, E Yuwono, M Samsi, P V Sundari, M N Ichwan, E S Anengseh, M N Hatmadifia, T N Hidayat
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2019; 372(1): 012008. CrossRef
Identification of Cross Reactive Antigens of C. botulinum Types A, B, E & F by Immunoproteomic Approach
Arti Sharma, Sarkaraisamy Ponmariappan, Rani Sarita, Syed Imtiaz Alam, Dev Vrat Kamboj, Sangeeta Shukla
Current Microbiology.2018; 75(5): 531. CrossRef

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Biological Parameters of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Fed on Rabbits, Sheep, and Cattle: Miling Ma, Ze Chen, Aihong Liu, Qiaoyun Ren, Junlong Liu, Zhijie Liu, Youquan Li, Hong Yin, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):301-305.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.301

Abstract
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In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (T an), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), fol-lowed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.

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Variation in the hatching rate of larvae of four tick species from laboratory colonies
Ygor Henrique da Silva, Marisa Beatriz da Silva Rocha, Ester Oliozi Marré, Manuela Pimentel da Motta, Brena Gava Guimarães, Thais Ribeiro Correia Azevedo, Guilherme Marcondes Klafke, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Diefrey Ribeiro Campos, Fabio Barbour Scott
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Adaptation and Invasion Dynamics of Rhipicephalus microplus in South Africa: Ecology, Resistance, and Management Implications
Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela, Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai, Dikeledi Petunia Malatji, Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi
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Yong Li, Rong Cheng, Xiao-Yu Liu, Darko Mihaljica, Tian-Yin Cheng
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Aurora kinase as a putative target to tick control
Bruno Moraes, Helga Gomes, Luiz Saramago, Valdir Braz, Luís Fernando Parizi, Gloria Braz, Itabajara da Silva Vaz, Carlos Logullo, Jorge Moraes
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Kanchana Thinnabut, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Wanchai Maleewong, Ubon Tangkawanit
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2023; 107: 105394. CrossRef
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Milagros Vargas-Hernandez, Carlos Montero-Espinosa, Dunia Sánchez-Villaurrutia, Carlos Antonio Duarte, Gervasio Henrique Bechara, Alier Fuentes-Castillo, Julio Ancisar, José Suárez-Alba, Omar Mosqueda-Lobaina, Marisela Suárez-Pedroso
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Justin Long, Keiran Maskell, Regine Gries, Saif Nayani, Claire Gooding, Gerhard Gries
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Arlex Rodríguez-Durán, Shafi Ullah, Luís Fernando Parizi, Abid Ali, Itabajara da Silva Vaz Junior
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Andrés M. López-Pérez, Sokani Sánchez-Montes, Brenda Aline Maya-Badillo, Guillermo Orta-Pineda, Saúl Reveles-Félix, Ingeborg Becker, Karla Bárcenas-Barreto, Adán Torres-Monroy, Rafael Ojeda-Flores, José Iván Sánchez-Betancourt
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Miao Lu, Junhua Tian, Xingliang Pan, Xincheng Qin, Wen Wang, Jintao Chen, Wenping Guo, Kun Li
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A. R. Kazim, V. L. Low, D. Tappe, J. Houssaini, C. C. Heo
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Yan‐Kai Zhang, Xiao‐Yu Zhang, Jing‐Ze Liu
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Evaluation on the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats (Capra hircus) in Cebu, the Philippines
Adrian P. Ybañez, Orgil V. Arrabis, Dennis Justin M. Alvarez, Eloiza May S. Galon, Rhea Mae P. Jayag, Elmie S. Delan, Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez, Xuenan Xuan
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First confirmed report of outbreak of theileriosis/anaplasmosis in a cattle farm in Henan, China
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Acta Tropica.2018; 177: 207. CrossRef
First report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil
Nayara B. da Silva, Naomi S. Taus, Wendell C. Johnson, Anabela Mira, Leonhard Schnittger, Jessica D. M. Valente, Odilon Vidotto, Hayley E. Masterson, Thállitha S. W. J. Vieira, Massaro W. Ueti, Rafael F. C. Vieira, Roman R. Ganta
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(8): e0202140. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Molecular Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Northeastern China: Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Jing Jiang, Ya-Nan Cai, Chun-Feng Wang, Peng Xu, Gui-Lian Yang, Quan Zhao; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):81-85.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.81

Abstract
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A study of 426 rabbits from 3 cities in Jilin province (Changchun City and Jilin City) and Liaoning province (Shenyang City) was conducted between May and June 2015. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in rabbits was 0.94% (4/426), with 0% (0/116), 1.72% (3/174), and 0.74% (1/136) in Jilin, Changchun, and Shenyang City, respectively. Only 3 farms (farm 1 and farm 3 in Changchun City, farm 8 in Shenyang City) were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi. Moreover, rabbits of more than 6 months (1.72%) had the highest E. bieneusi prevalence, followed by rabbits of 4-6 months (1.26%), 2-3 months (0.58%), and less than 1 month (0%). Analysis of ITS gene of E. bieneusi suggested that all 4 E. bieneusi isolates were genotype D, and were classified as group 1a. The present results first demonstrated the existence of zoonotic E. bieneusi in domestic rabbits in China. Effective control measures should be implemented to prevent E. bieneusi infection in domestic rabbits, other animals, and humans.

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Iberian wild leporidae as hosts of zoonotic enteroparasites in Mediterranean ecosystems of Southern Spain
Laura Rego, Sabrina Castro‐Scholten, Carmen Cano, Débora Jiménez‐Martín, Pamela C. Köster, Javier Caballero‐Gómez, Begoña Bailo, Alejandro Dashti, Carolina Hernández‐Castro, David Cano‐Terriza, Fátima Vioque, Jenny G. Maloney, Mónica Santín, Ignacio Garcí
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Ecological and public health significance of Enterocytozoon bieneusi
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First genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) from the Qinghai Plateau, Northwest China
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First identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in pet rabbits in China
Lei Deng, Yijun Chai, Leiqiong Xiang, Wuyou Wang, Ziyao Zhou, Haifeng Liu, Zhijun Zhong, Hualin Fu, Guangneng Peng
BMC Veterinary Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Dominance of zoonotic genotype D of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis)
Haiyan Wang, Qiang Liu, Xiumei Jiang, Ying Zhang, Aiyun Zhao, Zhaohui Cui, Dongfang Li, Meng Qi, Longxian Zhang
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Yan Zhang, Anson V. Koehler, Tao Wang, Shane R. Haydon, Robin B. Gasser
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Host specificity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China
Meng Qi, Junqiang Li, Aiyun Zhao, Zhaohui Cui, Zilin Wei, Bo Jing, Longxian Zhang
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Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China
Sha-Sha Wang, Rong-Jun Wang, Xian-Cheng Fan, Ting-Li Liu, Long-Xian Zhang, Guang-Hui Zhao
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Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Rabbits in Xinjiang, China
Xiangqian Zhang, Meng Qi, Bo Jing, Fuchang Yu, Yayun Wu, Yankai Chang, Aiyun Zhao, Zilin Wei, Haiju Dong, Longxian Zhang
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Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Minks (Neovison vison) in Northern China: A Public Health Concern
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Occurrence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Donkeys (Equus asinus) in China: A Public Health Concern
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Jian-Gang Ma, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Jun-Ling Hou, Yang Zou, Gui-Xue Hu, Xing-Quan Zhu, Dong-Hui Zhou
BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Subtyping ofCryptosporidium cuniculusand genotyping ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin rabbits in two farms in Heilongjiang Province, China
Ziyin Yang, Wei Zhao, Yujuan Shen, Weizhe Zhang, Ying Shi, Guangxu Ren, Di Yang, Hong Ling, Fengkun Yang, Aiqin Liu, Jianping Cao
Parasite.2016; 23: 52. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in China: Qing-Feng Meng, Wei-Lin Wang, Xiao-Ting Ni, Hai-Bin Li, Gui-Zhe Yao, Xiao-Lin Sun, Wei-Li Wang, Wei Cong; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):759-763.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.759

Abstract
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The breeding of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition in China. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animal health. Thus, a total of 1,132 domestic rabbit sera from 4 regions in China were collected for serological screening for Encephalitozoon cuniculi and for Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA and modified agglutination test (MAT), respectively. Antibodies to E. cuniculi were detected in 248/1,132 (21.9%) sera tested while antibodies against T. gondii revealed a seroprevalence of 51/1,132 (4.5%). We believe that the present results are of epidemiological implications and public health importance due to the acknowledged susceptibility of humans to E. cuniculi and T. gondii infections. Therefore, routine screening tests of domestic rabbits are proposed considering the zoonotic potential of these parasites.

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The Prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the North-Western Region of Romania Using Serological Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Lucia-Victoria Bel, Dana Liana Pusta
Microorganisms.2024; 12(7): 1440. CrossRef
Serological survey for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii in pet rabbits in eastern coastal areas of China
Yong WANG, Xuling QIN, Xiuguo DIAO, Yongxia LIU, Jianzhu LIU
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2022; 84(6): 777. CrossRef
Epidemiological and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Rabbits and Hares: 2010–2020
Sonia Almeria, Fernando H. A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C. H. Kwok, Alicia Shipley, Jitender P. Dubey
Microorganisms.2021; 9(3): 597. CrossRef
Comparison of Seroprevalence and PCR Results in the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Pet Rabbits in Poland
Anna Woźniak-Biel, Aleksandra Podolak
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2020; 20(4): 281. CrossRef
Surveillance of Microsporidia and Protozoan Pathogens in Pensacola Florida: A One‐year Study
Joseph A. Moss, Richard A. Snyder
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Relationship between seropositivity of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and renal biochemical markers in clinically healthy rabbits
Özcan ÖZKAN, Banuçiçek YÜCESAN, Selçuk PEKKAYA, Mehmet Eray ALÇIĞIR, İsmayil Safa GÜRCAN
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi.2019; 66(2): 197. CrossRef
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Mina Henneb, Khaled Harhoura, Mohamed Amine Bekara, Safia Zenia, Miriem Aissi
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi among domestic rabbits in central China
Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Lingjuan Li, Yaoqian Pan, Pengju Li, Xiaoxu Nan, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
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Miaoli Wu, Yujun Zhu, Feng Cong, Dan Rao, Wen Yuan, Jing Wang, Bihong Huang, Yuexiao Lian, Yu Zhang, Ren Huang, Pengju Guo
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Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Pet Rabbits in Korea: Jin-Cheol Shin, Dae-Geun Kim, Sang-Hun Kim, Suk Kim, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):321-323.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.321

Abstract
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidian parasite commonly found in rabbits that can infect humans, causing encephalitozoonosis. The prevalence of encephalitozoonosis is not well documented, even when many clinics suspect pet rabbits as being highly infected. This study investigated the seropositivity of E. cuniculi using ELISA. The examination of 186 rabbits using ELISA showed that 22.6% (42/186) were seropositive against E. cuniculi. In analysis with healthy status, all 42 seropositive sera were collected from clinically normal rabbits. Moreover, the gender and age of pet rabbits did not have anysignificant effect on E. cuniculi infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the seroprevalence of E. cuniculi in pet rabbits and suggests that pet rabbits could act as an important reservoir of encephalitozoonosis for both pet animals and humans in Korea.

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Ethel Cortés-Pérez, Angela Rodríguez-Hernández, María Grisel Anaya-Santillán, María Guadalupe Sánchez-González, Ricardo Itzcóatl Maldonado-Reséndiz
Veterinaria México OA.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of the Serological Methods and the Molecular Genetics Techniques for the Diagnosis of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Sanda Andrei, Dana Liana Pusta
Microorganisms.2025; 13(7): 1478. CrossRef
The Prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the North-Western Region of Romania Using Serological Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Lucia-Victoria Bel, Dana Liana Pusta
Microorganisms.2024; 12(7): 1440. CrossRef
Association of Encephalitozoon cuniculi with Clinical Signs and Abnormal Hematologic/Biochemical Changes in Pet Rabbits in Thailand
Taksaon Duangurai, Natruree Khamchomphu, Kanyanut Dusitkul, Chawaporn Tousee, Yosanun Sukmai, Teerapat Rungnirundorn, Ladawan Areevijittrakul, Siriluk Jala, Naris Thengchaisri
Animals.2024; 14(19): 2766. CrossRef
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Maruša Škrbec, Alenka Dovč, Nina Mlakar Hrženjak, Brigita Slavec, Zoran Žlabravec, Nina Kočar, Olga Zorman Rojs, Jožko Račnik
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Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and risk-factor assessment for Encephalitozoon cuniculi seroprevalence in Finnish pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Johanna Mäkitaipale, Emmi Järvenpää, Anne Bruce, Satu Sankari, Anna-Maija Virtala, Anu Näreaho
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2022; 84(6): 777. CrossRef
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Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães, Filipe Fontes Pinto, Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
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A Review of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)—Biology, Clinical Signs, Diagnostic Techniques, Treatment, and Prevention
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Lucia-Victoria Bel, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Dana Liana Pusta
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1486. CrossRef
First molecular evidence of ocular transmission of Encephalitozoonosis during the intrauterine period in rabbits
Ozcan Ozkan, Alper Karagoz, Nadir Kocak
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Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Lingjuan Li, Yaoqian Pan, Pengju Li, Xiaoxu Nan, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
Parasite.2018; 25: 9. CrossRef
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Jing Jiang, Jian-Gang Ma, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Peng Xu, Guangyu Hou, Quan Zhao, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(5): 723. CrossRef
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Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2017; 50: 54. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 759. CrossRef

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Antigenemia and Specific IgM and IgG Antibody Responses in Rabbits Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Juan Hua Quan, Hassan Ahmed Hassan, Guang-Ho Cha, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):409-412.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.409

Abstract
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In this experiment, the correlation between antigenemia and specific antibody responses in Toxoplasma gondii-infected rabbits was assessed. We injected 1,000 T. gondii tachyzoites (RH) subcutaneously into 5 rabbits. Parasitemia, circulating antigens, and IgM and IgG antibody titers in blood were tested by ELISA and immunoblot. For detection of parasitemia, mice were injected with blood from rabbits infected with T. gondii and mice died between days 2 and 10 post-infection (PI). Circulating antigens were detected early on day 2 PI, and the titers increased from day 4 PI and peaked on day 12 PI. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody titers increased on day 6 PI and peaked on days 14-16 PI. IgG was detected from day 10 PI, and the titers increased continuously during the experiment. The antigenic protein patterns differed during the infection period, and the number of bands increased with ongoing infection by the immunoblot analysis. These result indicated that Toxoplasma circulating antigens during acute toxoplasmosis are closely related to the presence of parasites in blood. Also, the circulating antigen levels were closely correlated with IgM titers, but not with IgG titers. Therefore, co-detection of circulating antigens with IgM antibodies may improve the reliability of the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis.

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Original Articles

Karyotypes of Pneumocystis carinii derived from several mammals: Sang Rock Cho, Yun-Gyu Park, Hyung Nam Moon, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(4):271-275.
Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.271

Abstract
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Pneumocystis carinii is the most important opportunistic pathogen of humans in the world. Pneumocystis carinii is experimentally detected in the lungs of rats, mice, rabbits, and monkeys, however, the organisms from different mammals are identical in microscopic morphology. The present study tried to find out more mammalian hosts of P. carinii and also to differentiate the organisms from different mammals by karyotyping. Rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, cats, and dogs were successfully infected by P. carinii, but guinea pigs and pigs were not. Karyotype of P. carinii from rabbits showed similar size range of chromosomes with that of the prototype, but in different pattern. The patterns from cats and dogs were also different from that of rats. The present study confirms that cats and dogs are infected by P. carinii and at least total three karyotype strains of P. carinii are proven in Korea.

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Diana Riebold, Marie Mahnkopf, Kristina Wicht, Cristina Zubiria-Barrera, Jan Heise, Marcus Frank, Daniel Misch, Torsten Bauer, Hartmut Stocker, Hortense Slevogt
Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(9): 903. CrossRef
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María Ardiaca García, Andrés Montesinos Barceló, Cristina Bonvehí Nadeu, Vladimír Jekl
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Patrizia Danesi, Michela Corrò, Christian Falcaro, Antonio Carminato, Tommaso Furlanello, Monia Cocchi, Mark B Krockenberger, Wieland Meyer, Gioia Capelli, Richard Malik
Medical Mycology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Pneumocystis: from a doubtful unique entity to a group of highly diversified fungal species
Magali Chabé, Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis, Laurence Delhaes, El Moukhtar Aliouat, Eric Viscogliosi, Eduardo Dei-Cas
FEMS Yeast Research.2011; 11(1): 2. CrossRef
Analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Sequences of Pneumocystis jiroveci from Clinical Specimens
Jae-Seok Kim, Yong-Kyun Kim, Ji Young Park, Eun Kyung Mo, Han Sung Kim, Wonkeun Song, Hyoun Chan Cho, Kyu Man Lee
Chonnam Medical Journal.2008; 44(2): 82. CrossRef
Pneumocystis species, co-evolution and pathogenic power
Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis, Magali Chabé, Christine Demanche, El Moukhtar Aliouat, Eric Viscogliosi, Jacques Guillot, Laurence Delhaes, Eduardo Dei-Cas
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2008; 8(5): 708. CrossRef
Pneumocystis
James R. Stringer
International Journal of Medical Microbiology.2002; 292(5-6): 391. CrossRef
Genetic heterogeneity of Pneumocystis carinii from rats of several regions and strains
Byung-Suk Chung, Yun-Kyu Pars, Sun Huh, Jae-Ran Yu, Jin Kim, Xiaohua Shi, Sang Rock Cho, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(3): 151. CrossRef

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Long-lasting sonographic and histopathological findings in cured clonorchiasis of rabbits: Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Seung Kwon Kim, Eung Yeop Kim, Mejeong Lee, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):77-83.
Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.77

Abstract
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To ascertain residual sonographic and histopathological findings of clonorchiasis after treatment, the present study evaluated sonographic findings in rabbits which were infected with 500 metacercariae of C. sinensis every 6 months for 18 months after treatment with praziquantel. The sonographic findings were analyzed in terms of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and periductal echogenicity, and histopathological findings were observed after the last sonographic examination. Compared with the sonographic findings before treatment, dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts became mild to some degree in four of the seven cases and increased periductal echogenicity resolved in four of them. The histopathological specimens after 18 months showed that periductal inflammation has almost resolved but moderate dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts and mucosal hyperplasia persisted. The periductal fibrosis minimally resolved. The long-lasting sonographic findings in cured clonorchiasis make sonography less specific.

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Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
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Radiology of Infectious Diseases.2021; 8(3): 108. CrossRef
Changes in Sonographic Findings after Treatment of Patients with Clonorchiasis in a Heavy Endemic Area
Dongil Choi, Yong Hwan Jeon, Geun-Chan Lee, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(1): 19. CrossRef
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Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2008;[Epub] CrossRef
Imaging diagnosis of clonorchiasis
Dongil Choi, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(2): 77. CrossRef
Cholangiocarcinoma and Clonorchis sinensis infection: A case–control study in Korea
Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Kyu Taek Lee, Jong Kyun Lee, Seong Ho Choi, Jin Seok Heo, Kee-Taek Jang, Nam Yong Lee, Seonwoo Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Hepatology.2006; 44(6): 1066. CrossRef
Sonographic findings of active Clonorchis sinensis infection
Dongil Choi, Sung‐Tae Hong, Jae Hoon Lim, Seung‐Yull Cho, Han‐Jong Rim, Zhuo Ji, Ren Yuan, Shuyu Wang
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound.2004; 32(1): 17. CrossRef
Bile duct changes in rats reinfected with Clonorchis sinensis
Dongil Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Shunyu Li, Byung-Suk Chung, Jae Hoon Lim, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2004; 42(1): 7. CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma: Etiologic Relationship and Imaging Diagnosis
Byung Ihn Choi, Joon Koo Han, Sung Tae Hong, Kyoung Ho Lee
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2004; 17(3): 540. CrossRef
Experimental Clonorchiasis in Dogs: CT Findings before and after Treatment
Kyoung Ho Lee, Sung Tae Hong, Joon Koo Han, Chang Jin Yoon, Sun Lee, Se Hyung Kim, Byung Ihn Choi
Radiology.2003; 228(1): 131. CrossRef