Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Review

What was the main factor in successful control of ascariasis in Korea?: Seung-Yull Cho, Sung-Tae Hong; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):103-126.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22152

In the l950s, under the legacy of traditional agriculture, Ascaris lumbricoides, spread epidemically in the war-bitten society of Korea. Consensus on the parasite control was drafted in the Parasite Disease Prevention Act, which passed a parliamentary agreement in 1966, and established safe disposal of feces and mass chemotherapy as control strategies. Biannual stool examinations and treating infected schoolchildren were basic scheme of the control activity through which revenue could be secured for organized business. In the 27 years following 1969, a maximum of 16 million stool examinations had been done every year. Cellophane thick smear enabled the task. The infection declined remarkably in the 1970s when industrialization and green revolution proceeded. A population study of A. lumbricoides in the late 1970s helped us better understand its epidemiology. The data also settled down the understandable protest of teachers against the repeated stool examinations. In the 9 years following 1987, the target population was gradually reduced when the egg positive rate was below 0.1%. An article in the Korean Law, stipulating obligatory stool examinations, was made optional. Although the long-term Korean effort of Ascaris control was a success, the effect of mass chemotherapy was not as succinct in terms of lowering reinfection. In the period of control, Korean agricultural technology changed, and the economy grew and supplied sanitary facilities by which the vicious cycle was disconnected. Reduction of morbidity was a benefit of mass chemotherapy, which is the only control method feasible in economically difficult countries. The most important hurdle of parasite control in the 1960s was poverty of general population and limited financial resources in Korea but the society formed a consensus on the priority of intestinal helminthiasis control during the ordeal period. The national consensus in the 1960s was the critical milestone for Ascaris control in Korea. Under the social agreement, application of timely technical and research advancements in parasitology achieved the success of ascariasis elimination. The successful experience of ascariasis elimination in Korea can be a benchmark for countries where neglected tropical diseases are endemically recycled.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Prevalence of head louse infestation among primary schoolchildren in the Republic of Korea: nationwide observation of trends in 2011-2019: Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Jae Young Park, Jeonggyu Lee, Eun-Hee Nah, Eun Hee Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jong-Yil Chai; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):53-59.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22134

Abstract
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Head louse infestation is a significant public health problem across the world, particularly among preschool and primary schoolchildren. This study investigated the trends of head louse infestation in the Republic of Korea over a 9-year period (2011-2019), targeting primary schoolchildren in 3 areas of Seoul, 4 other large cities, and 9 provinces. A survey was administered annually by the health staff of each regional office (n= 16) of the Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP). The branch offices of KAHP examined a total of 51,508 primary schoolchildren, comprising 26,532 boys and 24,976 girls. Over the 9-year survey, a total of 1,107 (2.1%) schoolchildren tested positive for adults and/or nits of Pediculus humanus capitis. The prevalence was 2.8% (133/4,727) in 2011-2012 and gradually decreased to 0.8% (49/6,461) in 2019 (P< 0.05). Head lice were found more frequently in girls (3.0%; 746/24,976) than in boys (1.4%; 361/26,532) (P< 0.05). In terms of geographic localities, the highest infestation rate, 4.7% (average prevalence over 9 years), was observed in southern Seoul (Gangnam branch of KAHP), whereas the lowest infestation rate, 0.7%, was seen in Gyeongsang (north and south provinces) and western Seoul. Although the prevalence decreased significantly during the 9-year period, head louse infestation remains a health and hygiene issue among primary schoolchildren in the Republic of Korea. Regular surveys along with health education are needed to further improve children’s hair hygiene.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Head Lice Among Schoolchildren in Kirkuk
Fatema W. Abdul Aziz
Academia Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of co-infection with head lice and varicella in a child: considerations for rational management
O.V. Shvaratska, V.V. Mavrutenkov, T.V. Svyatenko, O.M. Yakunina
CHILD`S HEALTH.2024; 19(1): 30. CrossRef
Prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary school children in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Amare Mebrat Delie, Mihret Melese, Liknaw Workie Limenh, Dereje Esubalew, Nigus Kassie Worku, Eneyew Talie Fenta, Mickiale Hailu, Alemwork Abie, Molla Getie Mehari, Tenagnework Eseyneh Dagnaw
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiology of pediculosis in the school-going children of district Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Saima Naz, Maria Rebecca, Ahmad Kamran Khan, Irfan Ahmed
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.2023; 43(5): 1811. CrossRef
Head lice infestation and the role of some cognitive‐behavioral factors in its spread and prevention among adolescent girls: A cross‐sectional study in Northwest Iran
Towhid Babazadeh, Khalil Maleki Chollou, Sanaz Abedi‐Nerbin, Salar Abedi‐Nerbin, Farzaneh Shahnavaz‐Yoshanluie, Soheila Ranjbaran
Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021): Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Chun Soon Park, Hee-Il Lee; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):84-88.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22121

Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate the positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea (Korea) over a period of 5 years (2017-2021). Perianal swab samples, obtained using cellotape, from 10,392 preschool children in 26 districts were examined microscopically for E. vermicularis eggs. The test results were notified through the local health center, and the families of children who tested positive were advised to provide them anthelmintics treatment. The annual positive rates were 5.0%, 5.2%, 4.4%, 2.2%, and 1.0% in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The overall positive rate was higher in boys than in girls (P< 0.05), and children aged 5-7 years were at a higher risk of being infected than those aged 0-4 years (P< 0.05). Although the rates of infection by E. vermicularis in the survey area, Yeosu-si, were still in the 1% range , the results of this study suggest that they can be significantly reduced through continuous intervention centered around the test–treatment strategy.

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Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infestation: An Updated Review
Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Alex H.C. Wong, Kin F. Leong, Kam L. Hon
Current Pediatric Reviews.2025; 21(4): 333. CrossRef
2023년 국내 장내기생충 감염 조사
명노 이, 정원 주, 선옥 백, 영주 이, 은솔 이, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(28): 1227. CrossRef

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Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea: Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):421-426.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.421

Abstract
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A 12-year nationwide survey (2008-2019) was performed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Seoul, 4 large cites (Busan, Incheon, Daegu, and Ulsan), and 9 provinces (grouped into 5 localities) in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). The survey was carried out once a year by 16 regional offices of the Korea Association of Health Promotion. The cello-tape perianal swab method (1 smear per child) was applied to detect eggs of E. vermicularis and other helminths. According to the results, the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis infection in 2008-2009 was 1.8-2.0%, but it decreased gradually to 0.6% in 2019 (P<0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys (0.7-5.0%, mean 1.8%) than in girls (0.5-2.8%, mean 1.3%) (P<0.05). The 2 most southern localities, Jejudo (Province) and Jeolla-do (inclusive of Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do) and a mid-western province, Gyeonggi-do, revealed higher prevalences, whereas Seoul and Gangwon-do showed lower prevalences. The results indicate that a low-grade prevalence of E. vermicularis infection (less than 4%) has been maintained for the recent 12 years among preschool children in Korea. Continuous monitoring of enterobiasis in the child age group is necessary in Korea.

Citations

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Parasitoses intestinales infantiles
P. Bourée
EMC - Traité de médecine AKOS.2025; 28(3): 1. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among rural schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional study
Jialie Jin, Wei Ruan, Wenjie Xu, Xuan Zhang, Kegen Yu, Hualiang Chen, Jiaqi Zhang, Jimin Sun, Jianmin Jiang, Xiaoxiao Wang
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impacts of environmental pollutants and environmentally transmitted parasites on male fertility and sperm quality
Hend Abd El-Halim Mansour, Al- Shaimaa Mohsen Sadek
Discover Applied Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infestation: An Updated Review
Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Alex H.C. Wong, Kin F. Leong, Kam L. Hon
Current Pediatric Reviews.2025; 21(4): 333. CrossRef
Parasitosis intestinales en niños
P. Bourée
EMC - Tratado de Medicina.2025; 29(4): 1. CrossRef
Parassitosi intestinali infantili
P. Bourée
EMC - AKOS - Trattato di Medicina.2025; 27(4): 1. CrossRef
2023년 국내 장내기생충 감염 조사
명노 이, 정원 주, 선옥 백, 영주 이, 은솔 이, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(28): 1227. CrossRef
Association Between Anthropometric and Hematological Parameters and the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitosis in Low-Income Children
Bruno Freire, Alessandra Marques Sohn, Ricardo Rojas-Humpire, Salomon Huancahuire-Vega
Children.2024; 11(12): 1416. CrossRef
Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Chun Soon Park, Hee-Il Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 84. CrossRef

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Effect of Mass Drug Administration with a Single Dose of Albendazole on Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura Infection among Schoolchildren in Yangon Region, Myanmar: Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Seon Cho, Jong-Bok Park, In-Sung Kim, Sunkyoung Kim, Keon-Hoon Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):195-200.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.195

Abstract
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Soil-transmitted helminths, including Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, are important intestinal parasites mostly affecting younger people in developing countries. In 2014-2015, we performed mass fecal examinations targeting a total of 2,227 schoolchildren in 3 districts (South Dagon, North Dagon, and Hlaing-thar-yar) of Yangon Region, Myanmar, using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The egg positive children were subjected to a mass drug administration (MDA) using a single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole. The pre-treatment egg positive rate (EPG/person) of A. lumbricoides averaged 17.2% (15,532); it was 25.2% (21,796), 14.2% (11,816), and 12.8% (12,983) in 3 districts, respectively, and that of T. trichiura averaged 19.4% (1,074), and was 24.1% (1,040), 12.3% (852), and 21.2% (1,330) in 3 districts, respectively. Follow-up fecal examinations performed 4 months post-MDA revealed considerable decreases of A. lumbricoides prevalence (EPG/person) to av. 8.3% (12,429), and 13.7% (17,640), 8.0% (7,797), and 4.5% (11,849) in 3 districts, respectively. However, T. trichiura did not show any recognizable decrease in the prevalence (EPG/person) remaining at av. 18.2% (862), and 18.5% (888), 11.5% (812), and 23.3% (887) in 3 districts, respectively. The results demonstrated difficulty in short-term control of T. trichiura by MDA using albendazole and suggested necessity of either a long-term MDA (>10 years) or changing the albendazole regimen into 2~3-day course (total 800 or 1,200 mg), or using an alternative drug/drug combination.

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In the realm of microbiology, a quality stool sample is as valuable as gold
Nikunja Kumar Das, Sahjid Mukhida, Sriram Kannuri, Sameena Khan, Rajashri Patil
MRIMS Journal of Health Sciences.2025; 13(1): 29. CrossRef
Malnutrition among children under 7 years of age linked to ascariasis: evidence from West Sumba, Indonesia, despite ongoing deworming program
Rizqiani Amalia Kusumasari, Hanindyo Adi, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Abdul Wahab, E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-aged children in pastoralist communities of Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Richelle W. Kihoro, Damaris Mulewa, Collins Okoyo, Dominic Ayaa, Agnes Korir, Doris W. Njomo, Charles Mwandawiro, Janet Masaku, Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0304266. CrossRef
Standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris trichiura in the feces of schoolchildren in the Yangon Region, Myanmar: Morphological and molecular analyses
Seungwan Ryoo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Hyemi Song, Hyun-Seung Kim, Jin-Youp Ryu, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Jong-Yil Chai
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 317. CrossRef
Parasitic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Track and Liver
Annie L. Braseth, David E. Elliott, M. Nedim Ince
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.2021; 50(2): 361. CrossRef
Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 189. CrossRef
Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths and the first molecular detection of Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Trichuris trichiura, and Trichuris vulpis in dogs in Myanmar
Lat Lat Htun, Sandar Thu Rein, Shwe Yee Win, Nyein Chan Soe, Su Su Thein, Yadanar Khaing, Yu Nandi Thaw, Hla Myet Chel, Myint Myint Hmoon, Saw Bawm
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(10): 3619. CrossRef
Failure of Repeated MDA with Albendazole for Trichuriasis Control in Schoolchildren of the Yangon Region, Myanmar
Sooji Hong, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Jin-Youp Ryu, Hyun-Seung Kim, Mun-Hyoo Jeong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 607. CrossRef
Necrotizing pancreatitis due to Ascaris lumbricoides: Causes, diagnosis, and current treatment
Silvia Carolina Barbosa Valenzuela, Maite Lubian Nieto del Río, Daniela Ramirez, José Ariza Daza, Wilmar Montañez Coronado, Laura Alvarado
Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología.2021; 36(4): 514. CrossRef
Larval Gnathostomes and Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from a Local Market in Yangon City, Myanmar
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Keon Hoon Lee, Jin-Youp Ryu, Hyeon-Seung Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 701. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among School Children in Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Upper Myanmar: Th? Lam Th?i, Hojong Jun, Seo-Hye Park, H??ng Giang L?, Jinyoung Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jung-Mi Kang, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Woo Nam, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):303-308.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.303

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis in a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. In this study, we analyzed seroprevalence of T. gondii among 467 school children living in the rural areas of Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii among school children was 23.5%; 22.5% of children were positive for T. gondii IgG, 0.4% of children were positive for T. gondii IgM, and 0.6% of children were positive for both T. gondii IgG and IgM. Geographical factors did not significantly affect the seroprevalence frequency between Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. No significant difference was found between males (22.2%) and females (25.0%). The overall seroprevalence among school children differed by ages (10 years old [13.6%], 11-12 years old [19.8%], 13-14 years old [24.6%], and 15-16 years old [28.0%]), however, the result was not significant. Polymerase chain reaction analysis for T. gondii B1 gene for IgG-positive and IgM-positive blood samples were negative, indicating no direct evidence of active infection. These results collectively suggest that T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar was relatively high. Integrated and improved strategies including reinforced education on toxoplasmosis should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar.

Citations

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A pre-existing Toxoplasma gondii infection exacerbates the pathophysiological response and extent of brain damage after traumatic brain injury in mice
Tamara L. Baker, David K. Wright, Alessandro D. Uboldi, Christopher J. Tonkin, Anh Vo, Trevor Wilson, Stuart J. McDonald, Richelle Mychasiuk, Bridgette D. Semple, Mujun Sun, Sandy R. Shultz
Journal of Neuroinflammation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study
Nay Hein Sint, Ye Minn Htun, Tun Tun Win, Aye Sandar Mon, Thant Zaw Lwin, Lwin Oo Maung, Pyae Sone Win, Kaung Myat Naing, Thet Paing Zaw, Pyae Hpone Naing, Sai Nyan Lin Tun, Aung Aye Kyaw, Kyaw Wunna, Khine Khine Su, Kyaw Myo Tun, Atef Oreiby
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284352. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii in lactating animals: potential risk to milk consuming population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
S. Khan, K. Rafiq, M. N. Khabir, M. B. Khan, S. N. Khan, A. Khattak, S. Attaullah
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance
Mian Abdul Hafeez, Muntazir Mehdi, Faiza Aslam, Kamran Ashraf, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Abdur Rauf Khalid, Adeel Sattar, Syeda Fakhra Waheed, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Omar Obaid Alharbi, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Umer Chaudhry, Mashal M. Almutairi
Pathogens.2022; 11(4): 437. CrossRef
Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bahman Maleki, Nayebali Ahmadi, Meysam Olfatifar, Mohammad Gorgipour, Ali Taghipour, Amir Abdoli, Ali Khorshidi, Masoud Foroutan, Aliyar Mirzapour
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2021; 115(5): 471. CrossRef
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Jun Cai, Zhijin Sheng, Yu Jin, Yinan Du, Xinlei Yan, Yong Yao, Musa Hassan
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(3): e0241653. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in household cats in Myanmar and molecular identification of parasites using feline faecal oocysts
Saw Bawm, Aye Zar Phyu, Hla Myet Chel, Lat Lat Htun, Ryo Nakao, Ken Katakura
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2020; 20: e00094. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged women in Myanmar and evaluation of luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay
Khin Myo Aye, Eiji Nagayasu, Myat Htut Nyunt, Ni Ni Zaw, Kyaw Zin Thant, Myat Phone Kyaw, Haruhiko Maruyama
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Impact of Single Dose Praziquantel Treatment on Schistosoma haematobium Infection among School Children in an Endemic Nigerian Community: Babatunde Adewale, Margaret A. Mafe, Medinat A. Sulyman, Emmanuel T. Idowu, Morakinyo B. Ajayi, David O. Akande, James H. Mckerrow, Emmanuel O. Balogun; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):577-581.
Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.577

Abstract
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Schistosomiasis is prevalent in Nigeria, and the foremost pathogen is Schistosoma haematobium, which affects about 29 million people. Single dose of the drug praziquantel is often recommended for treatment but the efficacy has not been documented in certain regions. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of single dose praziquantel treatment on S. haematobium infection among school children in an endemic community of South-Western Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from 434 school children and 10 ml was filtered through Nucleopore filter paper before examination for egg outputs by microscopy. The prevalence was 24.9% at pre-treatment. There was no statistically significant difference for the prevalence of infection between males (14.7%) and females (10.2%), although the mean egg count for the females (9.87) was significantly more (P < 0.05) than the males (6.06). At 6 and 12 months post-treatment there was 74.4% and 86.4% reduction in the mean egg count, respectively. Interestingly, an increased prevalence of infection from 2.1% at 6 months to 7.7% at 12 months post-treatment was observed, nonetheless the mean egg count was reduced to 0.27 at 12th month from 1.98 at 6 months post-treatment. Resurgence in the prevalence rate between 6 and 12 months post-treatment with praziquantel is herein reported and the need for a follow-up treatment in endemic areas for adequate impact on schistosomiasis control is discussed.

Citations

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Dawla Alansi, Mohammed Mahdy, Rashad Abdul-Ghani, Ahmed Azazy
Infection and Drug Resistance.2025; Volume 18: 161. CrossRef
Effects of paediatric schistosomiasis control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Maryline Vere, Wilma ten Ham-Baloyi, Paula Ezinne Melariri, Raquel Inocencio da Luz
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0301464. CrossRef
Promoting Sustainable Development in Combating Schistosomiasis through Community-Centric Approaches: The Role of Social Empowerment and Education in Ondo State
D. O. Balogun, O. C. Nwinyi, P. O. Isibor, B. Adewale, S. A. Oyegbade, E. O Mameh, V. O Aririguzoh
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2024; 1342(1): 012017. CrossRef
The Impact of Targeted Treatment and Mass Drug Administration Delivery Strategies on the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosomiasis in School Aged Children in Africa: A Systematic Review
Nathan Chanhanga, Tafadzwa Mindu, John Mogaka, Moses Chimbari
Infection and Drug Resistance.2023; Volume 16: 2453. CrossRef
Human schistosomiasis in Nigeria: present status, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and herbal medicines
Umar Saidu, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Harry P. de Koning, James H. McKerrow, Conor R. Caffrey, Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(12): 2751. CrossRef
Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016–2020)
Morteza Shams, Sasan Khazaei, Ezatollah Ghasemi, Naser Nazari, Erfan Javanmardi, Hamidreza Majidiani, Saeed Bahadory, Davood Anvari, Mohammad Fatollahzadeh, Taher Nemati, Ali Asghari
Tropical Medicine and Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Primary School Pupils in the Jidawa and Zobiya Communities of Jigawa State, Nigeria
J. B. Balogun, B. Adewale, S. U. Balogun, A. Lawan, I. S. Haladu, M. M. Dogara, A. U. Aminu, C. R. Caffrey, H. P. De Koning, Y. Watanabe, E. O. Balogun
Annals of Global Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological dynamics and associated risk factors ofS. haematobiumin humans and its snail vectors in Nigeria: a meta-analysis (1983–2018)
Paul Olalekan Odeniran, Kehinde Foluke Omolabi, Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola
Pathogens and Global Health.2020; 114(2): 76. CrossRef
Differential impact of mass and targeted praziquantel delivery on schistosomiasis control in school-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Danielle M. Cribb, Naomi E. Clarke, Suhail A. R. Doi, Susana Vaz Nery, Amadou Garba
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(10): e0007808. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Molecular Clarification of Hookworm Species in Ethnic Ede Primary Schoolchildren in Dak Lak Province, Southern Vietnam: Bui Khac Hung, Nguyen Van De, Le Van Duyet, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):471-476.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.471

Abstract
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To know the infection status of helminths in primary schoolchildren of southern parts of Vietnam, we performed an epidemiological study in Krong Pac district, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. A total of 1,206 stool specimens were collected from ethnic Ede schoolchildren in 4 primary schools in 2015 and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. In addition, stool cultures were done by the Harada-Mori method to obtain hookworm larvae and then to clarify the species of hookworms infected. The results showed that the helminth infection rate was 25.0%, including 2.0% Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.33% Trichuris trichiura, and 22.8% hookworm infections. The average intensity of infection was 102.0 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) for Ascaris, 36.0 EPG for Trichuris, and 218.0 EPG for hookworms. ITS1 gene sequences of the hookworm larvae were identical with those of Necator americanus (100% homology) reported in GenBank. It has been confirmed in this study that the hookworm, N. americanus, is a dominant helminth species infected in primary schoolchildren of a southern part of Vietnam. Public health attention is needed for control of hookworm infections among schoolchildren in surveyed areas of Vietnam.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoans among Schoolchildren in Suburban Areas near Yangon, Myanmar: Min-Jae Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hyemi Song, Keon-Hoon Lee, Seon Cho, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):345-348.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.345

Abstract
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Although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in Myanmar. This study planned to investigate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. We performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in South Dagon and Hlaing Thar Yar districts, Yangon, Myanmar. Stool samples were observed with a microscope after concentration technique and iodine staining. Total 821 stool samples, including 556 from schoolchildren and 265 from guardians, were examined. The median age was 6 years old for schoolchildren and 36 years old for guardians. A 53.1% of the school children and 14.6 % of the guardians were males. The overall prevalence of each intestinal protozoan species was as follows: 3.4% (28/821) for G. lamblia; 3.5% (29/821) for E. coli; 1.2% (10/821) for E. histoytica, and 3.0% for E. nana. This study showed that intestinal protozoans are common in primary schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. Health interventions, such as hand washing education, improvement of sanitation, and establishment of water purification systems are urgently needed in this area.

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High Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar: Jong-Yil Chai, Seung Koo Yang, Jae Won Kim, Soo-Lyoen Choi, Gyu-Young Song, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Seon Cho, Jong-Bok Park, Sooji Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):771-775.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.771

Abstract
PDF

In order to determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in suburban areas of Myanmar, 761 primary schoolchildren in 3 different townships around Yangon City were subjected to a survey using cello-tape anal swabs. The subjected schoolchildren were 383 boys and 378 girls who were 5-7 years of age. Only 1 anal swab was obtained from each child. The overall egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 47.2% (359 positives), and sex difference was not remarkable (48.6% in boys and 45.8% in girls). However, the positive rate was the highest in South Dagon (54.6%) followed by Hlaing Thayar (43.8%) and North Dagon (34.8%). This difference was highly correlated with the living standards of the people in each township. Nucleotide sequence of the 5S rDNA from the eggs on the cello-tape (2 children) revealed 99.7% identity with that of E. vermicularis reported in GenBank. The results indicated that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren around Yangon, Myanmar.

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Articles from Symposium on Controls of NTDs around Lake Victoria, Tanzania

High Malaria Prevalence among Schoolchildren on Kome Island, Tanzania: Min-Jae Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Julius E. Siza, Godfrey M. Kaatano, Josephat Kuboza, Peter Mnyeshi, John M. Changalucha, Yunsuk Ko, Su Young Chang, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):571-574.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.571

Abstract
PDF

In order to determine the status of malaria among schoolchildren on Kome Island (Lake Victoria), near Mwanza, Tanzania, a total of 244 schoolchildren in 10 primary schools were subjected to a blood survey using the fingerprick method. The subjected schoolchildren were 123 boys and 121 girls who were 6-8 years of age. Only 1 blood smear was prepared for each child. The overall prevalence of malaria was 38.1% (93 positives), and sex difference was not remarkable. However, the positive rate was the highest in Izindabo Primary School (51.4%) followed by Isenyi Primary School (48.3%) and Bugoro Primary School (46.7%). The lowest prevalence was found in Muungano Primary School (16.7%) and Nyamiswi Primary School (16.7%). These differences were highly correlated with the location of the school on the Island; those located in the peripheral area revealed higher prevalences while those located in the central area showed lower prevalences. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species (38.1%; 93/244), with a small proportion of them mixed-infected with Plasmodium vivax (1.6%; 4/244). The results revealed that malaria is highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren on Kome Island, Tanzania, and there is an urgent need to control malaria in this area.

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Talal S. Alwajeeh, Rashad Abdul-Ghani, Amal F. Allam, Hoda F. Farag, Safia S. M. Khalil, Amel Y. Shehab, Mona H. El-Sayad, Raed A. Alharbi, Shaia S. R. Almalki, Ahmed A. Azazy
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Prevalence of Schistosomes and Soil-Transmitted Helminths among Schoolchildren in Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania: Julius E. Siza, Godfrey M. Kaatano, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom, Han-Jong Rim, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Su Young Chang, Yunsuk Ko, John M. Changalucha; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):515-524.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.515

Abstract
PDF

The
objective
s of this study was to conduct a survey on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to come up with feasible control strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. Depending on the size of the school, 150-200 schoolchildren were recruited for the study. Duplicate Kato-Katz stool smears were prepared from each child and microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STHs. Urine specimens were examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs using the filtration technique. After the survey, mass drug administration was done using praziquantel and albendazole for schistosomiasis and STHs infections, respectively. A total of 5,952 schoolchildren from 36 schools were recruited for the study and had their stool and urine specimens examined. Out of 5,952 schoolchildren, 898 (15.1%) were positive for S. mansoni, 754 (12.6%) for hookworms, 188 (3.2%) for Ascaris lumblicoides, and 5 (0.008%) for Trichuris trichiura. Out of 5,826 schoolchildren who provided urine samples, 519 (8.9%) were positive for S. haematobium eggs. The results revealed that intestinal schistosomiasis, urogenital schistosomiasis, and STH infections are highly prevalent throughought the lake basin. The high prevalence of intestinal and urogenital schistosomisiasis in the study area was a function of the distance from Lake Victoria, the former being more prevalent at localities close to the lake, whilst the latter is more so away from it. Control of schistosomiasis and STHs in the study area requires an integrated strategy that involves provision of health education to communities, regular treatments, and provision of adequate safe water supply and sanitation facilities.

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Among Primary School Children in Shandong Province, China: Ke-Sheng Xin, Hui Liu, Hong-Bing Wang, Zong-Liang Yao; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):489-492.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.489

Abstract
PDF

Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children has been investigated in many countries, limited surveys have been available in primary school children in China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Sera from 6,000 primary school children were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies with ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 16.0% (961/6,000), of which 14.5% (870/6,000) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, 3.4% (206/6,000) positive for IgM, and 1.9% (115/6,000) were positive for both IgG and IgM. The results of the present investigation indicated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control T. gondii infection in primary school children in this province. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in primary school children in Shandong province, China.

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Talal Alharazi, Jerold C. Alcantara, Lea L. Dando, Petelyne Pangket
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Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea: Sung-Hee Hong, Young-Il Jeong, Jin-Hee Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):259-262.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.259

Abstract
PDF

We assessed the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and changes in the egg positive rate (EPR) over 1-year time, using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method in 2,347 preschool children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea in 2008 and 2009. The overall EPR for E. vermicularis was 4.1% in 2008 and 4.5% in 2009. A study population of 389 children was repeatedly examined for 2 years. Within this group, the EPR in 2009 was twice higher than in 2008, and the EPR of the group of 5-7-year-old children was significantly higher than that of other age groups. Moreover, in the group of 5-7-year-old children in 2009, the rates of positive and negative conversion were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than in other age groups. Conclusively, enterobiasis was prevalent during 2008-2009 among preschool children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, and the increased EPR in 2009 was due to an increase in newly acquired infections among 5-7-year-old children.

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Usama M. Alkholy, Sherief M. El Gebaly, Walaa E. M. A. Morsi, Waleed E. Elawamy, Samia E. Etewa, Asmaa M. Yousef, Eric Agola Lelo
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Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Chun Soon Park, Hee-Il Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 84. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea
Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
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Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan
Kuang-Yao Chen, Chuan-Min Yen, Kao-Pin Hwang, Lian-Chen Wang
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The frequency of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children from Wielkopolska Voivodeship
Marta Siekierska, Karolina Kot, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
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Prevalence ofEnterobius vermicularisamong preschool children in 2003 and 2013 in Xinxiang city, Henan province, Central China
Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Yichen Hou, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Luwen Zhang, Shiguo Liu
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Risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
Hong-Mei Li, Chang-Hai Zhou, Zhi-Shi Li, Zhuo-Hui Deng, Cai-Wen Ruan, Qi-Ming Zhang, Ting-Jun Zhu, Long-Qi Xu, Ying-Dan Chen
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Comparison of Egg Positive Rates of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Three Korean Localities: Sung-Hee Hong, Sang-Eun Lee, Young-Il Jeong, Won-Ja Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):441-443.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.441

Abstract
PDF

This survey was performed to investigate and compare egg positive rates (EPRs) of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in 3 Korean localities (Chuncheon-si, Inje-gun, and Paju-si) in 2008. A total of 7,048 preschool children were examined. Overall, the total EPR was 4.0%; the EPR was the highest in Chuncheon-si (5.6%), followed by Inje-gun (4.5%) and Paju-si (3.4%). The EPR of boys (4.9%) was higher than that of girls (3.1%). The EPR significantly increased with age, with the highest observed in 5~7-year-olds. These findings demonstrate that E. vermicularis infection is widely prevalent among preschool children in Chuncheon-si, Inje-gun, and Paju-si, Republic of Korea.

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Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021)
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Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan
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Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2018; 51(4): 559. CrossRef
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Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea: Sang-Eun Lee, Jin-Hee Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Won-Ja Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):183-185.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.183

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in Gimhae-si, Korea. A total of 6,921 preschool children in 76 kindergartens were examined using the cellotape perianal swab method. The overall egg positive rate (EPR) was 10.5%. The EPR in boys was higher than that in girls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.5, P<0.001), and it was higher in rural than in urban children (AOR: 1.2, P=0.022). The present study confirmed that the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is fairly high among preschool children in Gimhae-si. Therefore, systematic control and preventive measures should be adopted to reduce morbidity associated with this nematode infection.

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Original Article

Effectiveness of Repeated Examination to Diagnose Enterobiasis in Nursery School Groups: Mare Remm, Kalle Remm; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):235-241.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.235

Abstract
PDF

The aim of this study was to estimate the benefit from repeated examinations in the diagnosis of enterobiasis in nursery school groups, and to test the effectiveness of individual-based risk predictions using different methods. A total of 604 children were examined using double, and 96 using triple, anal swab examinations. The questionnaires for parents, structured observations, and interviews with supervisors were used to identify factors of possible infection risk. In order to model the risk of enterobiasis at individual level, a similarity-based machine learning and prediction software Constud was compared with data mining methods in the Statistica 8 Data Miner software package. Prevalence according to a single examination was 22.5%; the increase as a result of double examinations was 8.2%. Single swabs resulted in an estimated prevalence of 20.1% among children examined 3 times; double swabs increased this by 10.1%, and triple swabs by 7.3%. Random forest classification, boosting classification trees, and Constud correctly predicted about 2/3 of the results of the second examination. Constud estimated a mean prevalence of 31.5% in groups. Constud was able to yield the highest overall fit of individual-based predictions while boosting classification tree and random forest models were more effective in recognizing Enterobius positive persons. As a rule, the actual prevalence of enterobiasis is higher than indicated by a single examination. We suggest using either the values of the mean increase in prevalence after double examinations compared to single examinations or group estimations deduced from individual-level modelled risk predictions.

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Characterization of antigens of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) eggs
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Enterobius vermicularis infection is well controlled among preschool children in nurseries of Taipei City, Taiwan
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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children in Kindergartens of Taipei City, Taiwan in 2008: Tso-Kang Chang, Chien-Wei Liao, Ying-Chieh Huang, Chun-Chao Chang, Chia-Mei Chou, Hsin-Chieh Tsay, Alice Huang, Shu-Fen Guu, Ting-Chang Kao, Chia-Kwung Fan; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):185-187.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.185

Abstract
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The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children was reported to be low based on a 5-year screening program in Taipei City, Taiwan. The Taipei City government intended to terminate the E. vermicularis screening program among preschool children. Thus, we were entrusted with confirming whether pinworm infections among preschool children in Taipei City had truly declined. From each of 12 administrative districts 2-3 kindergartens were randomly selected for investigation. In total, 4,349 children were examined, of which 2,537 were boys and 1,812 were girls. The cellophane tape adhered to a glass slide was used, and all examinations were done by certified medical technologists. Results indicated that the overall prevalence rate of pinworm infections was 0.62% (27/4,349). Although the infection rate was higher among boys (0.67%, 17/2,537) than in girls (0.55%, 10/1,812), no significant difference was found (χ² = 0.399, P = 0.62). According to the administrative district, the infection rate ranged from no positive cases of E. vermicularis infection in the Xinyi, Zhongzhen, and Wanhua Districts (0%; 0/299, 0/165, and 0/358, respectively), to 0.26% (1/131) in Songshan District, with the highest rate of 1.88% (7/373) in Wenshan District. Because the overall infection rate (0.62%, 27/4,349) in the present study was unchanged compared to that (0.40%, 197/49,541) previously reported in 2005, we propose that regular pinworm screening and treatment programs should be continued in some parts of Taipei City.

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Egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea: Seokha Kang, Hyeong Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Joong-Ki Park; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):247-249.
Published online September 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.247

Abstract
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In an attempt to determine the prevalence of pinworm infection, the egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis was examined using the adhesive cello-tape anal swab method in 1,512 preschool children sampled from a total of 20 kindergartens in Cheongju city, in November to December of 2004 (951 children from 13 kindergartens) and September to October of 2005 (561 from 7 kindergartens). The overall egg positive rate was found to be 7.9% (119/1,512); 9.3% (73/784) for boys and 6.3% (46/728) for girls, respectively. The 5-year age group evidenced the highest egg positive rate (10.9%, 47/430) among the examined age groups. As compared to those reported from previous works (ranged from 9.2 to 26.1%), the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the Cheongju city area is relatively low.

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Egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis of primary school children in Geoje island: Bong Jin Kim, Bo Young Lee, Hyun Kee Chung, Young Sun Lee, Kun Hee Lee, Hae Jin Chung, Mee Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(1):75-77.
Published online March 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.75

Abstract
PDF

The status of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) egg positive rate of primary school children in Geoje island was investigated by using adhesive cellotape anal swap method, in September, 2002. Total egg positive rates of E. vermicularis were 9.8% (74/754) and those of male and female were 10.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Among three schools examined, Myeongsa primary school showed the highest egg positive rate (12.6%) followed by Yeoncho [9.8% (26/266)] and Geoje [9.1% (35/385)]. As for the age groups, the 2nd grade had the highest egg positive rate (15.3%), whereas the 5th grade showed the lowest egg positive rate (2.6%). The above result led us to confirm that the egg positive rates of E. vermicularis in primary school children in Geoje island were not significantly different from the those in the whole country including urban and rural areas, showing more than 10%.

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Enterobius vermicularis egg positive rates in primary school children in Gangwon-do (Province), Korea: Kyu-Jae Lee, Yung-Kyum Ahn, Yong-Suk Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(4):327-328.
Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.327

Abstract
PDF

A survey of the infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis among students in 4 primary schools located in Gangwon-do (Province) was done from May to June 2001. Among the 398 examinees, 39 (9.8%) were infected with E. vermicularis demonstrated by the adhesive cellotape anal swab method. The infection rates ranged from 8.3% to 11.8% among the four schools. The infection rate of males and females was 10.7% and 7,7% respectively. The first grade students showed the highest infection rate, 28.7%. The confirmed cases were treated with albendazole three times at an interval of 15 days. We were able to confirm that E. vermicularis infection is still prevalent among students in Gangwon-do, Korea.

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Infection rates of Enterobius vermicularis and Clonorchis sinensis of primary school children in Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do (Province), Korea: Bong Jin Kim, Je Wook Yeon, Mee Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(4):323-325.
Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.323

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The egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis and Clonorchis sinensis of school children in the rural area was studied in Hamyang-gun. Gyeongsangnam-do in Korea. Cellotape anal swab and formalin ether concentration methods were performed one time to 720 primary school children. The total egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 12.6% in two schools (Baekjeon and Wiseong). In the Baekjeon and Wiseong primary school, the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 4.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Pinworm egg positive rate was 17.6% in the lower grades (1st. 2nd and 3rd), and 7.7% in higher grades (4th, 5th and 6th). The total egg positive rate of male and female was 12.6% and 12.7%, respectively. The egg positive rate of C. sinensis of Baekjeon and Wiseong primary school was 1.5% and 0.46%, respectively. The total egg positive rate of C. sinensis was 0.56%. This survey showed that continuous education and chemotherapy is necessary to treat and prevent reinfection of E. vermicularis. In the case of C. sinensis, health education for school children is recommended to prevent potential infection of adolescents.

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Enterobius vermicularis egg positive rate in a primary school in Chungchongnam-do (Province) in Korea: Kyu-Jae Lee, In-Yong Lee, Kyung-il Im; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(3):177-178.
Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.177

Abstract
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The egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis was investigated among students of a primary school and a kindergarten located in the rural area of Tangjin-gun, Chungchongnam-do in December, 1998. Of the 189 examinees, 28 (14.8%) were found to be infected with E. vermicularis by the adhesive cellotape anal swab method. The infection rates ranged from 4.2% to 26.1% among school children, and the highest rate was observed in children attending kindergarten. Three months after treatment with albendazole, four (14.3%) out of 28 infected children still remained infected with E. vermicularis. Through this survey, we were able to determine that E. vermicularis infection is still prevalent among children in rural areas of Korea.

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