Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"scolex"

Original Articles

Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex DM9 Protein Shows High Potential for Serodiagnosis of Alveolar Echinococcosis: Jeong-Geun Kim, Xiumin Han, Yoon Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(1):25-34.
Published online February 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.25

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by infection with E. multilocularis metacestode, represents one of the most fatal helminthic diseases. AE is principally manifested with infiltrative, proliferating hepatic mass, resembling primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Sometimes metastatic lesions are found in nearby or remote tissue. AE diagnosis largely depends on imaging studies, but atypical findings of imaging features frequently require differential diagnosis from other hepatic lesions. Serological tests may provide further evidence, while obtaining reliable AE materials is not easy. In this study, alternative antigens, specific to AE were identified by analyzing E. granulosus protoscolex proteins. An immunoblot analysis of E. granulosus protoscolex showed that a group of low-molecular-weight proteins in the range from 14 kDa to 16 kDa exhibited a sensitive and specific immune response to AE patient sera. Partial purification and proteomic analysis indicated that this protein group contained myosin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein, fatty-acid binding protein, uncharacterized DM9, heat shock protein 90 cochaperone tebp P-23, and antigen S. When the serological applicability of recombinant forms of these proteins was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DM9 protein (rEgDM9) showed 90.1% sensitivity (73/81 sera tested) and 94.5% specificity (172/181 sera tested), respectively. rEgDM9 showed weak cross-reactions with patient sera from the transitional and chronic stages of cystic echinococcosis (3 to 5 stages). rEgDM9 would serve as a useful alternative antigen for serodiagnosis of both early- and advanced-stage AE cases.

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Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process: Junjie Fan, Hongye Wu, Kai Li, Xunuo Liu, Qingqing Tan, Wenqiao Cao, Bo Liang, Bin Ye; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):287-299.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.287

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. It seriously affects the development of animal husbandry and endangers human health. Due to a poor understanding of the cystic fluid formation pathway, there is currently a lack of innovative methods for the prevention and treatment of CE. In this study, the protoscoleces (PSCs) in the encystation process were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 32,401 transcripts and 14,903 cDNAs revealed numbers of new genes and transcripts, stage-specific genes, and differently expressed genes. Genes encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways, such as putative G-protein coupled receptor, tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine protein kinase, were predominantly up-regulated during the encystation process. Antioxidant enzymes included cytochrome c oxidase, thioredoxin glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were a high expression level. Intriguingly, KEGG enrichment suggested that differentially up-regulated genes involved in the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption metabolic pathway may play important roles in the transport of proteins, carbohydrates, and other substances. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of cystic fluid production during the encystation process, and provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of growth and development of PSCs.

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First comparative proteomic and in vitro behavioral study of Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes in Felis catus
Andrea Maglioco, Vanesa V. Miana, María Pía Valacco, Facundo A. Agüero, María Laura Gertiser, Héctor G. Avila, Melisa S. Barbery Venturi, Oscar Jensen, Alejandra Y. Juárez Valdez, Elio A. Prieto González, Alicia G. Fuchs
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae and germinative cell cultures reveals genes involved in parasite stem cell function
Michaela Herz, Magdalena Zarowiecki, Leonie Wessels, Katharina Pätzel, Ruth Herrmann, Christiane Braun, Nancy Holroyd, Thomas Huckvale, Monika Bergmann, Markus Spiliotis, Uriel Koziol, Matthew Berriman, Klaus Brehm
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
In vitro and in silico scolicidal effect of sanguinarine on the hydatid cyst protoscoleces
Elham Hassanzadeh, Shahram Khademvatan, Behzad Jafari, Abbas Jafari, Elham Yousefi, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0290947. CrossRef
Transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces reveals differences in immune modulation gene expression between cysts found in cattle and sheep
Ismael Pereira, Christian Hidalgo, Caroll Stoore, María Soledad Baquedano, Carolina Cabezas, Macarena Bastías, Aníbal Riveros, Claudio Meneses, Martín Cancela, Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira, Leonardo Sáenz, Rodolfo Paredes
Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Chromosome-scale Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G1) genome reveals the Eg95 gene family and conservation of the EG95-vaccine molecule
Pasi K. Korhonen, Liina Kinkar, Neil D. Young, Huimin Cai, Marshall W. Lightowlers, Charles Gauci, Abdul Jabbar, Bill C. H. Chang, Tao Wang, Andreas Hofmann, Anson V. Koehler, Junhua Li, Jiandong Li, Daxi Wang, Jiefang Yin, Huanming Yang, David J. Jenkins
Communications Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Genomes of Two Strains of Taenia crassiceps the Animal Model for the Study of Human Cysticercosis
Raúl J. Bobes, Karel Estrada, Diana G. Rios-Valencia, Arturo Calderón-Gallegos, Patricia de la Torre, Julio C. Carrero, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Juan P. Laclette
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions
José de Jesús Martínez-González, Alberto Guevara-Flores, Irene Patricia del Arenal Mena
Antioxidants.2022; 11(6): 1102. CrossRef
Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification of Notch signalling pathway-related miRNA–mRNA subnetwork in extracellular vesicles during Echinococcus granulosus encystation
Jian Gao, Xuan Zhou, Ling Liu, Guodong Lv, Qiulian Hou, Xiaofan Zhang, Yujuan Shen
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis in different developmental stages ofEchinococcus granulosus
Xin Li, Song Jiang, Xuhai Wang, Wenqiao Hui, Bin Jia
Parasite.2021; 28: 15. CrossRef
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the early developmental stages of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces reveals extensive alternative splicing events in the spliceosome pathway
Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Donald P. McManus, Mehdi Mansouri
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Synergism therapeutic and immunoregulatory effects of Albendazole + rAd-mIL-28B against Echinococcosis in experiment-infected mice with protoscoleces
Yan Zhang, Jianghua Wang, Qingxia Yang, Zhi Li, Xiaoying Xu, Chong Chen, Zongjie Hou, Qi He, Li Sheng, Xingming Ma, Yanping Luo, Alessandra Morassutti
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(11): e0009927. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Spirometra decipiens (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) Collected in A Heavily Infected Stray Cat from the Republic of Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):87-91.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.87

Abstract
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Morphological and molecular characteristics of spirometrid tapeworms, Spirometra decipiens, were studied, which were recovered from a heavily infected stray cat road-killed in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea). A total of 134 scolices and many broken immature and mature proglottids of Spirometra tapeworms were collected from the small intestine of the cat. Morphological observations were based on 116 specimens. The scolex was 22.8-32.6 mm (27.4 mm in average) in length and small spoon-shape with 2 distinct bothria. The uterus was coiled 3-4 times, the end of the uterus was ball-shaped, and the vaginal aperture shaped as a crescent moon was closer to the cirrus aperture than to the uterine aperture. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the cox1 target fragment (377 bp in length and corresponding to positions 769-1,146 bp of the cox1 gene) were performed using total genomic DNA extracted from 134 specimens. The cox1 sequences (377 bp) of the specimens showed 99.0% similarity to the reference sequence of S. decipiens and 89.3% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei. In the present study, we report a stray cat heavily infected with S. decipiens identified by mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis and morphological examinations of the adult worms.

Citations

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Prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 182. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia
Wei Liu, Tengfang Gong, Shuyu Chen, Quan Liu, Haoying Zhou, Junlin He, Yong Wu, Fen Li, Yisong Liu
Animals.2022; 12(12): 1578. CrossRef
The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Milad Badri, Meysam Olfatifar, Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi, Leila Zaki, Luis Manuel Madeira de Carvalho, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Fatemeh Barikbin, Parisa Madani, Aida Vafae Eslahi
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2022; 8(6): 2785. CrossRef
First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea
Joohyung Kim, Younsung Ock, Kihwan Yang, Seongjun Choe, Kyung-Mee Park, Wan-Kyu Lee, Kyung-Chul Choi, Soochong Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Seung-Hun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 153. CrossRef
Low prevalence of spargana infection in farmed frogs in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Xiaoli Zhang, Rongsheng Mi, Yehua Zhang, Shijie Zhang, Tao Sun, Haiyan Jia, Yan Huang, Haiyan Gong, Xiangan Han, Zhaoguo Chen
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104466. CrossRef
Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 359. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a P38-Like Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase from Echinococcus granulosus: Guodong L?, Jing Li, Chuanshan Zhang, Liang Li, Xiaojuan Bi, Chaowang Li, Jinliang Fan, Xiaomei Lu, Dominique A. Vuitton, Hao Wen, Renyong Lin; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(6):759-769.
Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.759

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) treatment urgently requires a novel drug. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases, but still have to be characterized in Echinococcus granulosus. We identified a 1,107 bp cDNA encoding a 368 amino acid MAPK protein (Egp38) in E. granulosus. Egp38 exhibits 2 distinguishing features of p38-like kinases: a highly conserved T-X-Y motif and an activation loop segment. Structural homology modeling indicated a conserved structure among Egp38, EmMPK2, and H. sapiens p38α, implying a common binding mechanism for the ligand domain and downstream signal transduction processing similar to that described for p38α. Egp38 and its phosphorylated form are expressed in the E. granulosus larval stages vesicle and protoscolices during intermediate host infection of an intermediate host. Treatment of in vitro cultivated protoscolices with the p38-MAPK inhibitor ML3403 effectively suppressed Egp38 activity and led to significant protoscolices death within 5 days. Treatment of in vitro-cultivated protoscolices with TGF-β1 effectively induced Egp38 phosphorylation. In summary, the MAPK, Egp38, was identified in E. granulosus, as an anti-CE drug target and participates in the interplay between the host and E. granulosus via human TGF-β1.

Citations

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Echinococcus granulosus promotes MAPK pathway-mediated osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting Nrf2 in osseous echinococcosis
Yaqing Liu, Jing Li, Zhendong Zhang, Qi Li, Yanhu Tian, Sibo Wang, Chenhui Shi, Haohao Sun
Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
In vitro Scolicidal Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil and Radiation Against Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato
Pengfei Lu, Jun Li, Rui Mao, Hongzhi Qi, Liping Yang, Qin Zhou, Mengxiao Tian, Wenbao Zhang, Yongxing Bao
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(2): 820. CrossRef
Transcriptome analysis uncovers the key pathways and candidate genes related to the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces with the repurposed drug pyronaridine
Yingfang Yu, Jun Li, Weisi Wang, Tian Wang, Wenjing Qi, Xueting Zheng, Lei Duan, Jiaxu Chen, Shizhu Li, Xiumin Han, Wenbao Zhang, Liping Duan
BMC Genomics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Knock Down the Egp38 and Combine with Radiation to Increase Its Inhibitory Effect on Echinococcus granulosus
Pengfei Lu, Mengxiao Tian, Na Yi, Rui Mao, Hongzhi Qi, Liping Yang, Qin Zhou, Jun Li, Wenbao Zhang, Yongxing Bao
SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Functional MKK3/6 and MEK1/2 Homologs from Echinococcus granulosus and Investigation of Protoscolecidal Activity of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibitors In Vitro and
Chuanshan Zhang, Jing Li, Tuerganaili Aji, Liang Li, Xiaojuan Bi, Ning Yang, Zhide Li, Hui Wang, Rui Mao, Guodong Lü, Yingmei Shao, Dominique A. Vuitton, Hao Wen, Renyong Lin
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century
Hao Wen, Lucine Vuitton, Tuerhongjiang Tuxun, Jun Li, Dominique A. Vuitton, Wenbao Zhang, Donald P. McManus
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Construction of In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging of Echinococcus granulosus in a Mouse Model: Sibo Wang, Tao Yang, Xuyong Zhang, Jie Xia, Jun Guo, Xiaoyi Wang, Jixue Hou, Hongwei Zhang, Xueling Chen, Xiangwei Wu; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):291-299.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.291

Abstract
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Human hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis, CE) is a chronic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the disease mainly affects the liver, approximately 70% of all identified CE cases are detected in this organ. Optical molecular imaging (OMI), a noninvasive imaging technique, has never been used in vivo with the specific molecular markers of CE. Thus, we aimed to construct an in vivo fluorescent imaging mouse model of CE to locate and quantify the presence of the parasites within the liver noninvasively. Drug-treated protoscolices were monitored after marking by JC-1 dye in in vitro and in vivo studies. This work describes for the first time the successful construction of an in vivo model of E. granulosus in a small living experimental animal to achieve dynamic monitoring and observation of multiple time points of the infection course. Using this model, we quantified and analyzed labeled protoscolices based on the intensities of their red and green fluorescence. Interestingly, the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity not only revealed the location of protoscolices but also determined the viability of the parasites in vivo and in vivo tests. The noninvasive imaging model proposed in this work will be further studied for long-term detection and observation and may potentially be widely utilized in susceptibility testing and therapeutic effect evaluation.

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Dihydroartemisinin-sodium taurocholate-PLGA nanoparticles: a novel therapeutic approach against cystic echinococcosis
Aierpati Moheteer, Jiang Zhu, Dongming Pang, Xue Rao, Nijiati Aini, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Zhenping Zhang, Saifuding Abula, Adelijiang Wusiman
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Imaging as a (pre)clinical tool in parasitology
Clarize Maria de Korne, Lisette van Lieshout, Fijs Willem Bernhard van Leeuwen, Meta Roestenberg
Trends in Parasitology.2023; 39(3): 212. CrossRef
Autoimmunity in human CE: Correlative with the fertility status of the CE cyst
E. A. EL Saftawy, A. Abdelraouf, M. A. Elsalam, P. Zakareya, A. Fouad, E. A. Albadawi, A. H. S. Abobakr Ali, N. M. Amin
Helminthologia.2022; 59(1): 1. CrossRef
Small animal in vivo imaging of parasitic infections: A systematic review
Adam Novobilský, Johan Höglund
Experimental Parasitology.2020; 214: 107905. CrossRef
Lethal effects of gold nanoparticles on protoscolices of hydatid cyst: in vitro study
Sara Napooni, Mohsen Arbabi, Mahdi Delavari, Hossein Hooshyar, Sima Rasti
Comparative Clinical Pathology.2019; 28(1): 143. CrossRef
Combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and Echinometra mathaeis gonad extracts: In vitro and in vivo scolicidal activity against hydatid cysts
Azita Navvabi, Ahmad Homaei, Shahram Khademvatan, Mohammad Hassan Khadem Ansari, Mousa Keshavarz
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology.2019; 22: 101432. CrossRef
Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse
Marion Rolot, Benjamin G. Dewals
Journal of Immunology Research.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Improved experimental model of hepatic cystic hydatid disease resembling natural infection route with stable growing dynamics and immune reaction
Rui-Qing Zhang, Xin-Hua Chen, Hao Wen
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 23(45): 7989. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

In Vitro Effects of SB202190 on Echinococcus granulosus: Hailong Lv, Siyuan Li, Jing Zhang, Weihua Liang, Xiaoling Mu, Yufeng Jiang; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):255-258.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.255

Abstract
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Spillage of cyst contents during surgical operation is the major cause of recurrence after hydatid cyst surgery. Instillation of a scolicidal agent into a hepatic hydatid cyst is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this complication. SB202190 is a pyridinyl imidazole derivative and is known to be a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of SB202190 was investigated. Freshly isolated Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices were subjected to SB202190 treatment (10, 20, 40, and 80 ?M), and the effects on parasite viability were monitored by trypan blue staining. Corresponding effects were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dose-dependent protoscolex death within a few days of SB202190 treatment was observed. Although the in vitro scolicidal effect of SB202190 was satisfactory, the in vivo efficacy of this drug and also possible side effects remain to be further investigated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Chemical Composition and Antiparasitic Effects of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl., Essential Oil against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces
Hassan Abidi, Mohammadreza Bakhtiari, Mohammad Zoladl, Hossein Sadeghi Mansourkhani, Damoun Razmjoue, Mahmoud Bahmani
Anti-Infective Agents.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Echinococcus granulosus promotes MAPK pathway-mediated osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting Nrf2 in osseous echinococcosis
Yaqing Liu, Jing Li, Zhendong Zhang, Qi Li, Yanhu Tian, Sibo Wang, Chenhui Shi, Haohao Sun
Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Propofol Induces the Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in Echinococcus granulosus via the JNK and p38 Pathway In Vitro
Guangyi Luo, Bin Ma, Yufeng Jiang, Hailong Lv
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(6): 306. CrossRef
In vitro protoscolicidal effects of lithocholic acid on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and its mechanism
Ya Xu, Wenjuan Qing, Zhen Wang, Lin Chen, Linyao Wang, Hailong Lv, Yufeng Jiang
Experimental Parasitology.2022; 239: 108280. CrossRef
Transcriptome analysis uncovers the key pathways and candidate genes related to the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces with the repurposed drug pyronaridine
Yingfang Yu, Jun Li, Weisi Wang, Tian Wang, Wenjing Qi, Xueting Zheng, Lei Duan, Jiaxu Chen, Shizhu Li, Xiumin Han, Wenbao Zhang, Liping Duan
BMC Genomics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Ultrastructural characterization of the tegument in protoscoleces of Echinococcus ortleppi
Sebastián Miles, Javier Magnone, Joaquín García-Luna, María Eugenia Ancarola, Marcela Cucher, Sylvia Dematteis, Friedrich Frischknecht, Marek Cyrklaff, Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
International Journal for Parasitology.2021; 51(12): 989. CrossRef
Knock Down the Egp38 and Combine with Radiation to Increase Its Inhibitory Effect on Echinococcus granulosus
Pengfei Lu, Mengxiao Tian, Na Yi, Rui Mao, Hongzhi Qi, Liping Yang, Qin Zhou, Jun Li, Wenbao Zhang, Yongxing Bao
SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The combination of Cytokines and albendazole therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of experimental/hydatid cyst
M. Rahdar, A. Rafiei, R. Valipour- Nouroozi
Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105206. CrossRef
In vitro scolicidal activity of Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. essential oil on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces
Amani Hizem, Selim M’rad, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Habib Mezhoud, Hichem Ben Jannet, Guido Flamini, Kamel Ghedira, Hamouda Babba
Journal of Essential Oil Research.2020; 32(2): 178. CrossRef
Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century
Hao Wen, Lucine Vuitton, Tuerhongjiang Tuxun, Jun Li, Dominique A. Vuitton, Wenbao Zhang, Donald P. McManus
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Progress in the pharmacological treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: Compounds and therapeutic targets
Mar Siles-Lucas, Adriano Casulli, Roberto Cirilli, David Carmena, Giovanna Raso
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(4): e0006422. CrossRef
Efficiency of flubendazole-loaded mPEG-PCL nanoparticles: A promising formulation against the protoscoleces and cysts of Echinococcus granulosus
Mehdi Farhadi, Ali Haniloo, Kobra Rostamizadeh, Soghrat Faghihzadeh
Acta Tropica.2018; 187: 190. CrossRef
Protoscolicidal effects of chenodeoxycholic acid on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus
Hongjuan Shi, Ying Lei, Bo Wang, Zhuo Wang, Guoqiang Xing, Hailong Lv, Yufeng Jiang
Experimental Parasitology.2016; 167: 76. CrossRef
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a P38-Like Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase from Echinococcus granulosus
Guodong Lü, Jing Li, Chuanshan Zhang, Liang Li, Xiaojuan Bi, Chaowang Li, Jinliang Fan, Xiaomei Lu, Dominique A. Vuitton, Hao Wen, Renyong Lin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(6): 759. CrossRef
In vitro effects of vinegar on protoscolices of hydatid cyst
Reza Hajihossein, Zahra Eslamirad, Mahdi Mosayebi, Reza Ghasemikhah, Mojtaba Didehdar
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2015; 5(3): 210. CrossRef
In vivo and in vitro efficacies of mebendazole, mefloquine and nitazoxanide against cyst echinococcosis
Congshan Liu, Haobing Zhang, Jianhai Yin, Wei Hu
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(6): 2213. CrossRef
Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Spinal Inflammation Impairs Respiratory Motor Plasticity by a Spinal p38 MAP Kinase-Dependent Mechanism
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The Journal of Neuroscience.2015; 35(17): 6871. CrossRef

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Original Article

In Vitro Effects of Some Herbs Used in Egyptian Traditional Medicine on Viability of Protoscolices of Hydatid Cysts: Doaa A. Yones, Gamal A. Taher, Zedan Z. Ibraheim; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):255-263.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.255

Abstract
PDF

The present work evaluated the effects of alcoholic extracts of salvia (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and 2 pure compounds (thymol and menthol) on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro. Four different concentrations of each extract (2,500, 1,500, 1,000, and 500 ?g/ml) and 3 different concentrations each of thymol and menthol (50, 10, and 1 ?g/ml) were used. Concentration of 2,500 ?g/ml of both extracts showed a significant protoscolicidal activity on the 6th day. Complete loss of viability of protoscolices occurred with 500 ?g/ml concentration of both extracts at day 6 and day 7 post-treatment (PT), respectively. Pure compounds, i.e., menthol and thymol, showed potent effects with 50 ?g/ml concentration at day 2 and day 5 PT, respectively. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide (800 ?g/ml), a commonly used treatment drug for hydatidosis. Krebs-Ringer solution and the hydatid cystic fluid at a ratio of 4:1 was a good preservative solution which kept the protoscolices viable for 15 days.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Chemical Composition and Antiparasitic Effects of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl., Essential Oil against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces
Hassan Abidi, Mohammadreza Bakhtiari, Mohammad Zoladl, Hossein Sadeghi Mansourkhani, Damoun Razmjoue, Mahmoud Bahmani
Anti-Infective Agents.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impacts of Salvia officinalis leaves extract on mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis
Marwa Safi-eldin, Mahmoud M. Abdelfattah, Safaa Barghash, Ameen A. Ashour, Hoda A. Taha
Veterinary Research Communications.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of the Scolicidal Activity of Two Leaves Extracts of Myrtus communis from Algeria Against Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Protoscoleces
Meryem Benmarce, Assia Haif, M. Celina Elissondo, Samia Bouaziz, Assia Bentahar, AbdElkarim Laatamna
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 839. CrossRef
Comparative study of the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Atriplex halimus, the anti-echinococcal plant used in Algeria
Meryem Benmarce, Maria Celina Elissondo, AbdElkarim Laatamna, Assia Haif
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 54: 101094. CrossRef
The In vitro Biological Activity Testing of Vitex doniana Bark Extract and Virosa Root Extract Against Taenia Solium Metacestodes
Victoria Michelo Musale, Simbarashe Chitanga, Kabemba Evans Mwape
University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe
Haroon Ahmed, Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc, Figen Celik, Harun Kaya Kesik, Sami Simsek, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Sumaira Farrakh, Waseem Safdar, Fahad Pervaiz, Sadia Liaqat, Jing Zhang, Jianping Cao
Pathogens.2023; 12(1): 131. CrossRef
Evaluation of structural changes of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces following exposure to different protoscolicidal solutions evaluated by differential interference contrast microscopy
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Case Report

An Imported Case of Echinococcosis of the Liver in a Korean Who Traveled to Western and Central Europe: Sun-Ju Byun, Kyung Chul Moon, Kyung-Suk Suh, Joon Koo Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):161-165.
Published online June 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.161

Abstract
PDF

Echinococcus granulosus, an intestinal tapeworm of dogs and other canids, infects humans in its larval stage and causes human echinococcosis or hydatid disease. In the Republic of Korea, 31 parasite-proven human echinococcosis cases have been reported, most of which were imported from the Middle East. We recently examined a 61-year-old Korean man who had a large cystic mass in his liver. ELISA was negative for tissue parasitic infections, including echinococcosis, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, and sparganosis. The patient underwent surgery to remove the cyst, and the resected cyst was processed histopathologically for microscopic examinations. In sectioned cyst tissue, necrotizing protoscolices with disintegrated hooklets of E. granulosus were found. In some areas, only freed, fragmented hooklets were detected. The patient had traveled to western and central Europe in 1996, and had no other history of overseas travel. We report our patient as a hepatic echinococcosis case which was probably imported from Europe.

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