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Original Articles

Infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(4):461-475.
Published online November 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24033
This study aimed to investigate the infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand. The snails were collected from 35 sites during 2 cycles of the wet (July–October) and dry (November–June) seasons in 2018–2019. A total of 29,420 snails representing 24 species/subspecies were examined for cercarial infection using shedding and crushing techniques. We found that 1,275 snails from 12 species/subspecies were infected, resulting in an overall prevalence of 4.3%. Infections were significantly higher (p<0.001) during the wet season (5.9%; 970/16,473) than during the dry season (2.4%; 305/12,947). Morphological identification revealed 37 distinct types within 15 morphotypes, with the armatae morphotype showing the highest infection rate (1.8%) and the greatest cercarial diversity (8 distinct types). This study highlights the health risk posed by the Bithynia siamensis siamensis, which was the second most prevalent (8.5%) and hosted the greatest cercarial diversity (11 morphotypes, 15 distinct types). This subspecies also displayed a wide distribution range (31 localities) with a generally high occurrence frequency in the BMR. This study firstly documents a gymnophallid digenean as a freshwater digenean, presenting evidence of a dichotoma cercarial morphotype from 4 species/subspecies (Filopaludina martensi martensi, F. sumatrensis polygramma, B. siamensis siamensis, and Wattebledia siamensis) with a low infection range (0.1–0.4%). A staggering diversity of cercariae was observed in the BMR canal networks with seasonal fluctuations. The B. siamensis siamensis displayed notable epidemiological importance in the BMR flowing-water networks. This study provides quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptions and measurement guidelines for the dichotoma cercaria in Thailand.
  • 3,967 View
  • 101 Download
Morphological and molecular characteristics of Paralecithodendrium longiforme (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) adults and cercariae from Chinese pipistrelle bats and viviparid snails in Thailand
Thitichai Arttra, Pheravut Wongsawad, Chalobol Wongsawad, Nattawadee Nantarat, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Jong-Yil Chai
Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):85-97.
Published online February 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23106
This study aimed to describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Paralecithodendrium longiforme (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) adults and cercariae isolated in Thailand. Adult flukes were isolated from the Chinese pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo sp.), and cercariae were detected in the viviparid snail (Filopaludina martensi martensi) from Chiang Mai province. The morphological characteristics were observed and described using conventional methods, and the molecular characteristics with internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 28S rDNA gene sequences. The adult flukes were fusiform, 0.84–0.98 mm in length, and 0.37–0.49 mm in width, and were distinguishable from other species by the presence of longitudinal uterine coils. The cercariae were nonvirgulate xiphidiocercariae, with the oral sucker bigger than the acetabulum, the tail without fin fold, a body size of 117.5–138.3 × 48.3–52.2 µm, and a tail size of 100.7–103.7 × 15.0–18.9 µm. Molecular studies revealed that the adults and cercariae shared 99.3% (ITS2) and 99.6% (28S rDNA) homology with each other. They were phylogenetically close to P. longiforme with an identity of 94.5% for ITS2 and 98.7% for 28S rDNA. This study provides new information on the natural definitive host and first intermediate host of P. longiforme in Thailand. The discovery of its cercarial stage in Filopaludina snails highlights the importance of monitoring the associated second intermediate host and prevention and control of this potentially zoonotic trematode.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Bithyniid snails (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae) infected with Xiphidiocercariae in Thailand include a new record of Bithynia siamensis siamensis as the intermediate host of Plagiorchis and Paralecithodendrium
    Abdulhakam Dumidae, Jiranun Ardpairin, Supawan Pansri, Chanatinat Homkaew, Mayura Nichitcharoen, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Apichat Vitta, Hudson Alves Pinto
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317052.     CrossRef
  • 4,321 View
  • 107 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Population Dynamics of Intermediate-Host Snails in the White Nile River, Sudan: A Year-Round Observational Descriptive Study
Hassan A. H. A. Ismail, Abed el Aziz A. el R. M. Ahmed, Young-Ha Lee, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Youngjin Kim, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):121-129.
Published online April 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.121
We aimed to explore the population dynamics of snail in 3 sites of the White Nile in Sudan. More specifically, we aimed to investigate the annual patterns of snail populations that act as intermediate hosts of schistosomes and monthly snail infection rates and ecological characteristics presumably related to snail populations. We collected snails for 1 year monthly at 3 different shore sites in the vicinity of El Shajara along the White Nile river in Khartoum State, Sudan. In addition, we measured air and water temperatures, water turbidities, vegetation coverages, and water depths and current speeds. Most of the collected snails were Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus. The population densities of snails and their infection rates varied across survey sites. The collected snails liberated S. mansoni and S. haematobium cercariae as well as Amphistome and Echinostome cercariae. Infected snails were found during March-June. The ecological characteristics found to be associated with the absence of snails population were: high turbidity, deep water, low vegetation coverage (near absence of vegetation), high water temperature, and high current speed. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of the snail population and ecological characteristics in the main basin of the White Nile river.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Seasonal distribution and cercarial shedding of Bulinus spp. snails: Implications for urogenital schistosomiasis control in the Simiyu Region, northwestern Tanzania
    Nyanda C. Justine, Humphrey D. Mazigo, Antje Fuss, Bonnie L. Webster, Eveline T. Konje, Klaus Brehm, Andreas Mueller
    Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 7: 100248.     CrossRef
  • Freshwater snail-borne parasitic diseases in Africa
    Papa Mouhamadou Gaye, Souleymane Doucouré, Doudou Sow, Cheikh Sokhna, Stéphane Ranque
    Tropical Medicine and Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Abundance, Distribution, and Diversity of Freshwater Snail and Prevalences of Their Infection by Cercaria of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma spp at Mayo-Vreck River, Far North Region of Cameroon
    Augustin Siama, Serges Eteme Enama, Justin Kalmobe, Samuel Abah, Angele Foutchou, Alexandre Michel Njan Nloga, Pedro P. Chieffi
    Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Variation in water contact behaviour and risk of Schistosoma mansoni (re)infection among Ugandan school-aged children in an area with persistent high endemicity
    Suzan C. M. Trienekens, Christina L. Faust, Fred Besigye, Lucy Pickering, Edridah M. Tukahebwa, Janet Seeley, Poppy H. L. Lamberton
    Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Life Histories of Intermediate Hosts and Parasites of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in the White Nile River, Sudan
    Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Abed el Aziz Abed el Rahim Mohamed Ahmed, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1508.     CrossRef
  • Contrasting epidemiology of urogenital schistosomiasis among pastoral communities surrounding three Ramsar wetland in Nigeria
    O. G. Ajakaye, A. G. Dagona, A. G. Haladu, A. Ombugadu, M. P. Lapang, E. E. Enabulele
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(3): 637.     CrossRef
  • Distribution and seasonal abundance of Biomphalaria snails and their infection status with Schistosoma mansoni in and around Lake Tana, northwest Ethiopia
    Tamirat Hailegebriel, Endalkachew Nibret, Abaineh Munshea
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Transmission Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium among School-Aged Children: A Cohort Study on Prevalence, Reinfection and Incidence after Mass Drug Administration in the White Nile State of Sudan
    Yan Jin, Young-Ha Lee, Seungman Cha, In-Uk Choi, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Sung-Tae Hong
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11537.     CrossRef
  • 6,135 View
  • 136 Download
  • Crossref
Echinostoma mekongi: Discovery of Its Metacercarial Stage in Snails, Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis, in Pursat Province, Cambodia
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):47-53.
Published online February 19, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.47
Echinostoma mekongi was reported as a new species in 2020 based on specimens collected from humans in Kratie and Takeo Province, Cambodia. In the present study, its metacercarial stage has been discovered in Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis snails purchased from a local market nearby the Tonle Sap Lake, Pursat Province, Cambodia. The metacercariae were fed orally to an experimental hamster, and adult flukes were recovered at day 20 post-infection. They were morphologically examined using light and scanning electron microscopes and molecularly analyzed by sequencing of their mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes. A total of 115 metacercariae (1-8 per snail) were detected in 60 (60.0%) out of 100 Filopaludina snails examined. The metacercariae were round, 174 ?m in average diameter (163-190 ?m in range), having a thin cyst wall, a head collar armed with 37 collar spines, and characteristic excretory granules. The adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, 7.3 (6.4-8.2)×1.4 (1.1-1.7) mm in size, and equipped with 37 collar spines on the head collar (dorsal spines in 2 alternating rows), being consistent with E. mekongi. In phylogenetic analyses, the adult flukes showed 99.0-100% homology based on cox1 sequences and 98.9-99.7% homology based on nad1 sequences with E. mekongi. The results evidenced that F. martensi cambodjensis snails act as the second intermediate host of E. mekongi, and hamsters can be used as a suitable experimental definitive host. As local people favor to eat undercooked snails, these snails seem to be an important source of human infection with E. mekongi in Cambodia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • High Prevalence of Echinostoma mekongi Infection in Schoolchildren and Adults, Kandal Province, Cambodia
    Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
    Emerging Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biological Hazards and Indicators Found in Products of Animal Origin in Cambodia from 2000 to 2022: A Systematic Review
    Shwe Phue San, Rortana Chea, Delia Grace, Kristina Roesel, Sothyra Tum, Stephen Young, Tumnoon Charaslertrangsi, Nazanin Zand, Shetty Seetharama Thombathu, Ra Thorng, Leab Kong, Kuok Fidero, Linda Nicolaides
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(12): 1621.     CrossRef
  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913.     CrossRef
  • General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262.     CrossRef
  • 5,472 View
  • 129 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Morphology and Molecular Identification of Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma macrorchis in Freshwater Snails and Experimental Hamsters in Upper Northern Thailand
Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):499-511.
Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.499
Echinostome metacercariae were investigated in freshwater snails from 26 districts in 7 provinces of upper northern Thailand. The species identification was carried out based on the morphologies of the metacercariae and adult flukes harvested from experimental hamsters, and on nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Twenty-four out of 26 districts were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails with the prevalence of 40.4%. The metacercariae were found in all 6 species of snails, including Filopaludina martensi martensi (21.9%), Filopaludina doliaris (50.8%), F. sumatrensis polygramma (61.3%), Bithynia siamensis siamensis (14.5%), Bithynia pulchella (38.0%), and Anenthome helena (4.9%). The echinostome metacercariae found in these snails were identified as Echinostoma revolutum (37-collar-spined) and Echinostoma macrorchis (45-collar-spined) morphologically and molecularly. The 2-week-old adult flukes of E. revolutum revealed unique features of the cirrus sac extending to middle of the ventral sucker and smooth testes. E. macrorchis adults revealed the cirrus sac close to the right lateral margin of the ventral sucker and 2 large and elliptical testes with slight indentations and pointed posterior end of the posterior testis. The ITS2 and nad1 sequences confirmed the species identification of E. revolutum, and the sequences of E. macrorchis have been deposited for the first time in Gen-Bank. The presence of the life cycle of E. macrorchis is a new record in Thailand and the snail F. doliaris as their second intermediate host seems to be new among the literature.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Filling the void: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of helminths assemblage from the Egyptian egret Bubulcus ibis
    Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
    Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102972.     CrossRef
  • The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
    Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
    Biology.2025; 14(8): 1101.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Foodborne Trematodes in Small Indigenous Fish Species in Local Markets of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Domenico Caruso, Lin Kong, Samnang Keo, Sreyni Yoeurn, Samphal Seng
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024; 24(3): 141.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular characteristics of Paralecithodendrium longiforme (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) adults and cercariae from Chinese pipistrelle bats and viviparid snails in Thailand
    Thitichai Arttra, Pheravut Wongsawad, Chalobol Wongsawad, Nattawadee Nantarat, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Jong-Yil Chai
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 85.     CrossRef
  • Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
    Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat, Gonzalo Giribet
    Invertebrate Systematics.2023; 37(11): 755.     CrossRef
  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913.     CrossRef
  • Unwanted ‘hitchhikers’ of ornamental snails: a case report of digeneans transported via the international pet trade
    A. Stanicka, R. Maciaszek, A. Cichy, J. Templin, W. Świderek, E. Żbikowska, A. M. Labecka
    The European Zoological Journal.2022; 89(1): 601.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
    N. Chomchoei, T. Backeljau, B. Segers, C. Wongsawad, P. Butboonchoo, N. Nantarat
    Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,039 View
  • 234 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Echinostoma macrorchis Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata from Xiengkhuang Province, Lao PDR and Morphologies of Adults from Experimental Animals
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min
Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):657-664.
Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.657
We identified the echinostome metacercariae in Chinese mystery snails, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, from Xiengkhuang Province, Lao PDR with morphologies of adult worms recovered. Total 20 snails were examined with artificial digestion method and then the collected metacercariae were orally infected to a mouse and a rat. Adult worms recovered from experimental animals were observed with a light microscope and a SEM. The metacercariae were round, 125×123 ?m in average size, with a moderately thick cyst wall, collar spines distributed in the head collar and excretory granules in 2 canals of excretory tube. Adult flukes (3-week-old in a rat) were elongated, ventrally curved and 5.310×1.023 mm in average size. Head collar distinct, bearing 43 collar spines with 5 end group ones on each side. Oral sucker subterminal, prepharynx very short, pharynx well developed, and esophagus relatively short. Cirrus sac well developed, with a saccular seminal vesicle, and ventral sucker very large. Ovary round and on the median line of the body. Testes tandom and elongated. Eggs operculated, elliptical and 90×57 ?m in average size. In the SEM observation, the head crown prominent, with 43 collar spines resembled with horns of younger stag. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the surface between the head collar and ventral sucker, and their densities were decreased posteriorly. Conclusively, the metacercariae detected in C. chinensis malleata from Lao PDR were identified as those of Echinostoma macrorchis based on the morphological characteristics of adult worms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Development of a duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification together with lateral flow dipstick assay for the detection and discrimination of parasitic infections in chickens between cestodes belonging to genus Raillietina and trematodes in family Echi
    Wasin Panich, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 185: 105539.     CrossRef
  • The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
    Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
    Biology.2025; 14(8): 1101.     CrossRef
  • Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
    Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732.     CrossRef
  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913.     CrossRef
  • Unravelling another mystery: Parasite escape and host‐switching vary spatially in non‐indigenous populations of Japanese mystery snails
    Amy E. Fowler, Grace A. Loonam, April M. H. Blakeslee
    Freshwater Biology.2022; 67(8): 1316.     CrossRef
  • Snail-borne zoonotic trematodes in edible viviparid snails obtained from wet markets in Northern Thailand
    K. Chantima, C. Rika
    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,872 View
  • 93 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Freshwater Snail Diversity in Mae Lao Agricultural Basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a Focus on Larval Trematode Infections
Kittichai Chantima, Krittawit Suk-ueng, Mintra Kampan
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):247-257.
Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.247
The aim of this study was to conduct a freshwater snail survey in Mae Lao agricultural basin to assess the diversity with a focus on habitat types and their larval trematode infections. Snails were collected and examined in 14 sites of Mae Lao agricultural basin from August 2016 to October 2017. A total of 1,688 snail individuals were collected and classified into 7 families, 8 genera, and 12 species. Snail diversity and habitat types were higher in rice paddies than irrigation canals and streams. The most abundant species was Bithynia siamensis siamensis, representing 54.6% of the sample. Three species of snails act as first intermediate host were found with cercarial infections. They were Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, B. s. siamensis, and Melanoides tuberculata. The cercariae were categorized into 7 types; echinostome, monostome, gymnocephalous, virgulate, parapleurolophocercous, pleurolophocercous and megalurous cercariae. Parapleurolophocercous cercariae constituted the most common type of cercariae recovered, contributing 41.2% of all infections in snails. Echinostome metacercariae infections were found in 6 snail species with 7.6% prevalence. In addition, the metacercaria of avian trematode, Thapariella sp. were found in Filopaludina spp. snails and B. funiculata with a prevalence of 0.5%. This is the first report for Thapariella metacercariae in the snail host, B. funiculata, and also confirmed that viviparid and bithyniid snails act as the second intermediate hosts of this trematode. This work will provide new information on the distribution and intermediate host of trematode in this area.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Aestivation and its impact on the survival of snail intermediate hosts and trematode transmission in rice paddies
    K. Chantima, K. Suk-ueng, T. Tananoi, T. Prasertsin
    Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
    Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732.     CrossRef
  • Study on the prevalence of trematode cercariae infection in freshwater snails in Manipur, India
    Umananda Yumnam, T. Shantikumar Singh, Karma Gyurmey Dolma
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2024; 48(4): 950.     CrossRef
  • Infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
    Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 461.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat, Gonzalo Giribet
    Invertebrate Systematics.2023; 37(11): 755.     CrossRef
  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913.     CrossRef
  • Unwanted ‘hitchhikers’ of ornamental snails: a case report of digeneans transported via the international pet trade
    A. Stanicka, R. Maciaszek, A. Cichy, J. Templin, W. Świderek, E. Żbikowska, A. M. Labecka
    The European Zoological Journal.2022; 89(1): 601.     CrossRef
  • Molecular identification of trematode parasites infecting the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in Thailand
    O. Pitaksakulrat, P. Sithithaworn, K.Y. Kopolrat, N. Kiatsopit, W. Saijuntha, R.H. Andrews, T.N. Petney, D. Blair
    Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
    N. Chomchoei, T. Backeljau, B. Segers, C. Wongsawad, P. Butboonchoo, N. Nantarat
    Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2021; 148(3): 366.     CrossRef
  • The prevalence of cercarial infection and development of a duplex PCR for detection of the cercarial stage of Haplorchis taichui and H. pumilio in first intermediate hosts from Chai Nat province, Thailand
    Chadaporn Dunghungzin, Thapana Chontananarth
    Acta Tropica.2021; 214: 105795.     CrossRef
  • Abundance and annual distribution of freshwater snails and some trematode cercariae at Damietta Governorate, Egypt
    M. E. El-Zeiny, A. M. Ghoneim, O. A. Abu Samak, A. A. Khidr
    Helminthologia.2021; 58(3): 233.     CrossRef
  • Snail-borne zoonotic trematodes in edible viviparid snails obtained from wet markets in Northern Thailand
    K. Chantima, C. Rika
    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 499.     CrossRef
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Brief Communications

Artyfechinostomum malayanum: Metacercariae Encysted in Pila sp. Snails Purchased from Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Muth Sinuon, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):341-345.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.341
The metacercariae of Artyfechinostomum malayanum (Leiper, 1911) Mendheim, 1943 were discovered in Pila sp. snails purchased from a market in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. They were isolated from the snails using the artificial digestion technique and were orally fed to 2 hamsters, 1 rat, and 2 mice to obtain the adult flukes. The metacercariae were round, 145-165 μm in diameter, having a cyst wall of 6-10 μm in thickness, a head collar and collar spines, and characteristic features of excretory granules. Adult flukes were recovered in the small intestines of the animals at days 14 and 32 post infection and were morphologically observed using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. They were plump or elongated, ventrally curved, 6.0-8.1×1.6-2.0 mm in size, and characterized by the head collar bearing 43 collar spines, including 5 end group ones on each side, a long cirrus sac extending beyond the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, a submedian ovary, and 2 deeply lobed testes. Eggs in uteri were operculate, ovoid to ellipsoid, and 120-135×68-75 μm in size. In scanning electron microscopy, the head collar was prominent with collar spines looking like horns. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the ventral surface between the head collar and ventral sucker. Sensory papillae were distributed mainly on the tegument around suckers. By this study, it has been first confirmed that the life cycle of A. malayanum exists in Cambodia.

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  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
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Fasciola hepatica: Infection Status of Freshwater Snails Collected from Gangwon-do (Province), Korea
Jae-Hyung Lee, Juan-Hua Quan, In-Wook Choi, Gab-Man Park, Guang-Ho Cha, Hyun-Ju Kim, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):95-98.
Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.95
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis, mainly in cattle and sheep, and occasionally in humans. Few recent studies have determined the infection status of this fluke in Korea. In August 2015, we collected 402 samples of freshwater snails at Hoenggye-ri (upper stream) and Suha-ri (lower stream) of Song-cheon (stream) in Daegwalnyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun in Gangwon-do (Province) near many large cattle or sheep farms. F. hepatica infection was determined using PCR on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 402 samples, F. hepatica 1TS-2 marker was detected in 6 freshwater snails; thus, the overall prevalence in freshwater snails was 1.5%. The prevalence varied between collection areas, ranging from 0.0% at Hoenggye-ri to 2.9% at Suha-ri. However, F. gigantica ITS-2 was not detected in the 6 F. hepatica-positive samples by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the 6 F. hepatica ITS-2 PCR-positive samples were 99.4% identical to the F. hepatica ITS-2 sequences in GenBank, whereas they were 98.4% similar to F. gigantica ITS-2 sequences. These results indicated that the prevalence of F. hepatica in snail intermediate hosts was 1.5% in Gangwon-do, Korea; however the prevalence varied between collection areas. These results may help us to understand F. hepatica infection status in natural environments.

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    Na-Hyeon Kim, Min-Gyeong Seo, Bumseok Kim, Yu Jeong Jeon, In Jung Jung, Il-Hwa Hong
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    MC Mathole, PH King
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    Ming Pan, Shao-Yuan Bai, Tian-Kai Ji, Yi-Min Fan, Dan-Dan Liu, Yi Yang, Jian-Ping Tao, Si-Yang Huang
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    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(4): 1036.     CrossRef
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    Amina M. Ibrahim, Amira Kamal Ahmed
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    Amina M. Ibrahim, Fayez A. Bakry
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    Hyo-Seok Kim, Joo-Yeon Kong, Jong-Hyun Kim, Seong-Chan Yeon, Il-Hwa Hong
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  • Purification and biochemical characterization of a 22-kDa stable cysteine- like protease from the excretory-secretory product of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica by using conventional techniques
    Ahmed Hemici, Roumaila Sabrina Benerbaiha, Dalila Bendjeddou
    Journal of Chromatography B.2017; 1068-1069: 268.     CrossRef
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Original Article

Morphological Characteristics and Phylogenetic Trends of Trematode Cercariae in Freshwater Snails from Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand
Thapana Chontananarth, Thanawan Tejangkura, Napat Wetchasart, Cherdchay Chimburut
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):47-54.
Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.47
The prevalence of cercarial infection in freshwater snails and their evolutionary trends were studied in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand. A total of 2,869 individual snails were examined for parasitic infections. The results showed that 12 snail species were found to host larval stages of trematodes with an overall prevalence of 4.7%. The infected specimens included 7 types at the cercarial stage; cercariae, megalurous cercariae, echinostome cercariae, furcocercous cercariae, parapleurolophocercous cercariae, virgulate cercariae, and xiphidiocercariae. Regarding molecular identification, ITS2 sequence data of each larval trematode were analyzed, and a dendrogram was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 10,000 replicates. The dendrogram was separated into 6 clades (order/family), including Echinostomatida/Echinostomatidae, Echinostomatida/Philophthalmidae, Opisthorchiida/Heterophyidae, Plagiorchiida/Prosthogonimidae, Plagiorchiida/Lecithodendriidae, and Strigeatida/Cyathocotylidae. These findings were used to confirm morphological characteristics and evolutionary trends of each type of cercariae discovered in Nakhon Nayok province. Furthermore, this investigation confirmed that the ITS2 data of cercariae could be used to study on phylogenetic relationships or to determine classification of this species at order and/or family level when possible.

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    Mohammed E. El-Zeiny, Ahmed M. Ghoneim, Ola A. Abu Samak, Abdel Aziz A. Khidr
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    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 23: 100896.     CrossRef
  • Population genetic structure of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Thailand and its infection with trematode cercariae
    Abdulhakam Dumidae, Chanakan Subkrasae, Jiranun Ardpairin, Supawan Pansri, Raxsina Polseela, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Apichat Vitta, Marcello Otake Sato
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    Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul
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Brief Communication

Infections of Larval Stages of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in Brown Garden Snail, Helix aspersa, in Turkey
Mustafa K?se, Mustafa Eser, K?r?at Kartal, Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):647-651.
Published online October 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.647
The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of larval stages of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in the first intermediate host, a species of land snail, Helix aspersa, in Turkey. A total of 211 snails were collected in April-May 2014 from pastures in Mersin District. Larval stages of D. dendriticum were identified under a light microscope. Hepatopancreas from naturally infected H. aspersa snails were examined histologically. The prevalence of larval stages of D. dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in H. aspersa snails was found to be 2.4% and 1.9%, respectively, in Mersin, Turkey. Cercariae were not matured in sporocysts at the beginning of April; however, it was observed that cercariae matured and started to leave sporocysts by early-May. Thus, it was concluded that H. aspersa acts as an intermediate host to D. dendriticumin and Brachylaima sp. in Mersin, Turkey. A digenean trematode Brachylaima sp. was seen for the first time in Turkey.

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    Elena S. Ivanova, Violetta V. Mazakina, Sergei E. Spiridonov
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    I. S. Danilova, T. I. Fotina, T. M. Danilova
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    Mustafa ESER, Kürşat KARTAL, Fahriye ZEMHERİ NAVRUZ
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    Alexandra Kahl, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Jürgen Krücken, Martin Ganter
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    Claudia Gérard, Armelle Ansart, Nolwenn Decanter, Marie-Claire Martin, Maxime Dahirel
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    Fatma Mohamed Abdualrazig Khalifa ISMAIL, Gözde GÜRELLİ
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    Gillian Mitchell, Grace Cuthill, Alex Haine, Ruth Zadoks, Umer Chaudhry, Philip Skuce, Neil Sargison
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Original Article

Fasciola hepatica in Snails Collected from Water-Dropwort Fields using PCR
Hwang-Yong Kim, In-Wook Choi, Yeon-Rok Kim, Juan-Hua Quan, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Guang-Ho Cha, Sung-Jong Hong, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(6):645-652.
Published online December 23, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.645

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis mainly in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Fascioliasis has been reported in Korea; however, determining F. hepatica infection in snails has not been done recently. Thus, using PCR, we evaluated the prevalence of F. hepatica infection in snails at 4 large water-dropwort fields. Among 349 examined snails, F. hepatica-specific internal transcribed space 1 (ITS-1) and/or ITS-2 markers were detected in 12 snails and confirmed using sequence analysis. Morphologically, 213 of 349 collected snails were dextral shelled, which is the same aperture as the lymnaeid snail, the vectorial host for F. hepatica. Among the 12 F. hepatica-infected snails, 6 were known first intermediate hosts in Korea (Lymnaea viridis and L. ollula) and the remaining 6 (Lymnaea sp.) were potentially a new first intermediate host in Korea. It has been shown that the overall prevalence of the snails contaminated with F. hepatica in water-dropwort fields was 3.4%; however, the prevalence varied among the fields. This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of F. hepatica infection using the vectorial capacity of the snails in Korea.

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    Dang Thi LOAN, Lam Thanh NGUYEN, Tran Ngoc BICH, Nguyen Thuy Y VI, Yasunobu MATSUMOTO
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2025; 87(3): 291.     CrossRef
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    Philile Ignecious Ngcamphalala, Ignore Nyagura, Mokgadi Pulane Malatji, Samson Mukaratirwa
    PeerJ.2025; 13: e18976.     CrossRef
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    Sungim Choi, Sunghee Park, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min Jae Kim
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    Gregorio L. Martin I, Esperanza C. Cabrera
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 375.     CrossRef
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Brief Communication

Karyological Studies of Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planobidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gab Man Park, Tai-Soon Yong
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):449-451.
Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.449

The karyotypes of Biomphalaria tenagophila collected from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied using the air-drying method. Somatic cells of this species had 2n=36. The 18 chromosome pairs were identified and classified into 3 groups. The diploid cell has 7 pairs of metacentric, 8 pairs of submetacentric, and 3 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Observed chromosomes ranged from 2.4 to 6.4 ?m, and the total length was 122.3 ?m. This is the first report on the chromosome of B. tenagophila.

  • 9,419 View
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  • 1 Web of Science

Original Articles

Echinostoma macrorchis in Lao PDR: Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina Snails and Adults from Experimentally Infected Animals
Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):191-196.
Published online April 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.191

The echinostome metacercariae encysted in Cipangopaludina sp. snails that were purchased from a market in Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR, were identified as Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) through recovery of adult flukes after experimental infection to rats and a cat. The metacercariae were round, 113-128 (121)×113-125 (120) ?m, having a thick cyst wall, a head collar armed with collar spines, and excretory granules. The adult flukes recovered from the rats and cat at day 14 and 30 post-infection, respectively, were elongated, ventrally curved, and 3.9-6.3×0.7-1.1 mm in size. The head collar was distinct, bearing 43-45 collar spines with 5 angle spines on each side. Two testes were large (as the name implies), tandem, and slightly constricted at the middle, with irregular margins. Eggs were operculated, ovoid to elliptical, and 88-95×56-60 ?m. In scanning electron microscopy, the head collar was prominent, with 43-45 collar spines. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the ventral surface between the oral and ventral suckers. Sensory papillae were distributed mainly on the tegument around the 2 suckers. It is confirmed that E. macrorchis is distributed in Lao PDR using Cipangopaludina sp. snails as the second intermediate host.

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    Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431.     CrossRef
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    K. Chantima, C. Rika
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 657.     CrossRef
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541.     CrossRef
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  • An overview of freshwater snails in Asia with main focus on Vietnam
    H. Madsen, N.M. Hung
    Acta Tropica.2014; 140: 105.     CrossRef
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Echinostoma revolutum: Freshwater Snails as the Second Intermediate Hosts in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Kittichai Chantima, Jong-Yil Chai, Chalobol Wongsawad
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):183-189.
Published online April 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.183

The occurrence of 37-collar spined echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails was investigated in 6 districts of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, from October 2011 to April 2012. A total of 2,914 snails that belong to 12 species were examined, and 7 snail species (Clea helena, Eyriesia eyriesi, Bithynia funiculata, Bithynia siamensis siamensis, Filopaludina doliaris, Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, and Filopaludina martensi martensi) were found infected with echinostome metacercariae. The prevalence of metacercariae was the highest in Filopaludina spp. (38.5-58.7%) followed by B. funiculata (44.0%), E. eyriesi (12.5%), B. siamensis siamensis (8.2%), and C. helena (5.1%). Metacercariae were experimentally fed to hamsters and domestic chicks, and adult flukes were recovered from both hosts at days 15 and 20 post-infection. The adult flukes were identified based on morphological features, morphometrics, host-parasite relationships, and geographical distribution. They were compatible to Echinostoma revolutum or Echinostoma jurini, with only minor differences. As the adults were recovered from both hamsters and chicks, our specimens were more compatible to E. revolutum rather than E. jurini (reported only from mammals). This is the first report for metacercariae of E. revolutum in the snail host, C. helena, and also confirmed that Filopaludina spp., E. eryresi, and Bithynia spp. act as the second intermediate hosts of E. revolutum under natural conditions, which are indigenously distributed in Chiang Mai province.

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Brief Communications

Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Nguyen Van De
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):449-455.
Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.449

We detected metacercariae of Echinostoma revolutum in Filopaludina sp. snails purchased from a local market in Nam Dinh Province for the first time in Vietnam. Adult flukes were harvested from experimentally infected hamsters at days 14 and 17 post-infection. The metacercariae were round, 170-190 ?m (n=15) in diameter, with a cyst wall thickness of about 12 ?m. A total of 37 collar spines were arranged around the head collar, and large excretory granules were seen in 2 canals of the excretory bladder. The 14-day old adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, and 5.0-7.2×0.8-1.3 mm (n=20). The head collar had a total of 37 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows, including 5 corner spines on each side. The cirrus sac contained a saccular seminal vesicle, a prostatic gland, and an unarmed cirrus. Two tandem testes were smooth or slightly lobed. Eggs were ovoid to elliptical, 110-118×70-75 ?m. These morphological characters were similar to those of E. revolutum and E. jurini. We tentatively identified it as E. revolutum because the validity of E. jurini remains to be elucidated. The taxonomic relationship of E. revolutum and E. jurini is discussed.

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    Parasitology Research.2020; 119(11): 3675.     CrossRef
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Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui in Field-Collected Snails: A Molecular Approach
Thapana Chontananarth, Chalobol Wongsawad
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):343-346.
Published online December 16, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.343

The prevalence of the cercarial stage of an intestinal trematode, Haplorchis taichui, in thiarid snails (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) was investigated using light microscope and species-specific PCR procedures. A total of 988 snails were collected from Mae Taeng district, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand, which comprised of 3 species; Melanoides tuberculata, Tarebia granifera, and Thiara scabra. The overall prevalence of pleurolophocercous cercariae was 21.7% as determined by the morphology. For genetic detection of H. taichui infection in snails, 2 primers Hapt_F (5'-GGCCAACGCAATCGTCATCC-3') and Hapt_R (5'-GCGTCGGGTTTCAGACATGG-3'), were used. The genomic DNA of H. taichui, which was used as a positive control, gave an amplification of the 256 bp fragment. The overall prevalence of H. taichui from specific PCR was 9.7%. The proportion of H. taichui among the pleurolophocercous cercariae in this study was 44.9%.

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Original Article
Carboxylic Acids as Biomarkers of Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails Infected with Schistosoma mansoni
Salwa M. F. Abou Elseoud, Nashwa S. Abdel Fattah, Hayam M. Ezz El Din, Hala Abdel Al, Hanan Mossalem, Noha Elleboudy
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):127-132.
Published online June 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.127

Biomphalaria alexandrina snails play an indispensable role in transmission of schistosomiasis. Infection rates in field populations of snails are routinely determined by cercarial shedding neglecting prepatent snail infections, because of lack of a suitable method for diagnosis. The present study aimed at separation and quantification of oxalic, malic, acetic, pyruvic, and fumaric acids using ion-suppression reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to test the potentiality of these acids to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. The assay was done in both hemolymph and digestive gland-gonad complex (DGG) samples in a total of 300 B. alexandrina snails. All of the studied acids in both the hemolymph and tissue samples except for the fumaric acid in hemolymph appeared to be good diagnostic biomarkers as they provide not only a good discrimination between the infected snails from the control but also between the studied stages of infection from each other. The most sensitive discriminating acid was malic acid in hemolymph samples as it showed the highest F-ratio. Using the Z-score, malic acid was found to be a good potential therapeutic biomarker in the prepatency stage, oxalic acid and acetic acid in the stage of patency, and malic acid and acetic acid at 2 weeks after patency. Quantification of carboxylic acids, using HPLC strategy, was fast, easy, and accurate in prediction of infected and uninfected snails and possibly to detect the stage of infection. It seems also useful for detection of the most suitable acids to be used as drug targets.

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  • Potential Correlation between Carboxylic Acid Metabolites in Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails after Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni Infection
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(2): 119.     CrossRef
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