Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"subcutaneous tissue"

Case Reports

Subcutaneous Sparganosis on Abdomen Mimicking Multiple Lipomas: Seung Ki Ahn, Hwan Jun Choi, Jun Hyuk Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):513-516.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.513

Abstract
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Human sparganosis is a food-borne zoonosis mainly caused by the plerocercoid belonging to the genus Spirometra. The most common clinical sign of sparganosis is a subcutaneous mass in the trunk including abdominal or chest wall. The mass may be mistaken for a malignant tumor, thereby causing difficulty in terms of diagnosis and treatment. A 66-year-old woman visited our clinic for the removal of a lipoma-like mass. It was movable, hard, and painless. We identified 2 white mass, measuring 0.2×4 cm and 0.2×1 cm. Pathologic findings indicated the white mass was a sparganum. She recalled having eaten a raw frog approximately 60 years before. A 35-year-old who lived North Korea was also presented to our clinic with an asymptomatic nodule on her abdomen. Intraoperatively, we found sparganum approximately 24 cm size. Subcutaneous masses are associated with clinical signs of inflammation or they may mimic a soft tissue neoplasm. While the incidence rate of sparganosis has decreased with economic development and advancements in sanitation, surgeons still encounter patients with sparganosis in the clinical setting. Therefore, a careful history is required in order to diagnose sparganosis.

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Four Case Reports of Cutaneous Sparganosis From Peruvian Amazon
Patricia Alvarez, Cynthia Melgarejo, Gustavo Beltran, Rina Santos, Karina Ferrer, Ivy Elescano, Elizabeth Victorero, Beatriz Meza, Nazario Ortiz, Alexis León, Francisco Bravo
The American Journal of Dermatopathology.2022; 44(7): 510. CrossRef
Identification of an enolase gene and its physiological role in Spirometra mansoni
Pei Liang, Xiuji Cui, Ruijia Fu, Peng Liang, Gang Lu, Dayong Wang
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(6): 2095. CrossRef

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Paragonimiasis in the Abdominal Cavity and Subcutaneous Tissue: Report of 3 Cases: Chang Ho Lee, Jong Hun Kim, Woo Sung Moon, Min Ro Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):345-347.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.345

Abstract
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Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the lung fluke, Paragonimus spp. Lung flukes may be found in various organs, such as the brain, peritoneum, subcutaneous tissues, and retroperitoneum, other than the lungs. Abdominal paragonimiasis raises a considerable diagnostic challenge to clinicians, because it is uncommon and may be confused with other abdominopelvic inflammatory diseases, particularly peritoneal tuberculosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Also, subcutaneous paragonimiasis does not easily bring up clinical suspicion, due to its rarity. We herein report 2 cases of abdominal paragonimiasis and 1 case of subcutaneous paragonimiasis in Korea.

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Survival and infectivity of Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae in soy sauce–marinated crayfish
Eun-Min Kim, Yan Jin, Sung-Tae Hong
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2025; 40: e00277. CrossRef
Pulmonary, liver and cerebral paragonimiasis: An unusual clinical case in Colombia
Angel O. Donato-R., Jhon C. Donato-R.
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2022; 46: 102253. CrossRef
Ectopic peritoneal paragonimiasis mimicking tuberculous peritonitis: A care report
Jung Woo Choi, Chang Min Lee, Seong Je Kim, Se In Hah, Ji Yoon Kwak, Hyun Chin Cho, Chang Yoon Ha, Woon Tae Jung, Ok Jae Lee
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(16): 5359. CrossRef
Intraspinal Paragonimiasis in Children: MRI Findings and Suggestions for Pathogenesis
Y. Qin, J. Cai, W. Ji, X. Chen, L. Tian, S. Jun, L. Wang, X. He
American Journal of Neuroradiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Simultaneous Paragonimus infection involving the breast and lung: A case report
Moon Young Oh, Ajung Chu, Jeong Hwan Park, Jong Yoon Lee, Eun Youn Roh, Young Jun Chai, Ki-Tae Hwang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(24): 4292. CrossRef
Inactivation of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in soy sauce-marinated and frozen freshwater crabs
Tae Im Kim, Se-Ra Oh, Fuhong Dai, Hyun-Jong Yang, Sang-Do Ha, Sung-Jong Hong
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(3): 1003. CrossRef
Paragonimiasis in Children in Southwest China
Zongrong Gong, Ruixue Miao, Min Shu, Yu Zhu, Yang Wen, Qin Guo, Qiong Liao, Chaomin Wan
Medicine.2017; 96(25): e7265. CrossRef
Recent Incidence of Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae in Freshwater Crayfish, Cambaroides similis, from Two Enzootic Sites in Jeollanam-do, Korea
Jin-Ho Song, Fuhong Dai, Xuelian Bai, Tae-Im Kim, Hyun-Jong Yang, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin-Hyung Cho, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 347. CrossRef
A Case of Ectopic Peritoneal Paragonimiasis Mimicking Diverticulitis or Abdominal Abscess
Min Jae Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo, Yong Sik Yoon, Kyung Won Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai, Yong Pil Chong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 313. CrossRef
Hepatic paragonimiasis in a 15-month-old girl: a case report
Zongrong Gong, Zhicheng Xu, Chuanfen Lei, Chaomin Wan
BMC Pediatrics.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Distinct MDCT imaging features to differential diagnosis of hepatic paragonimiasis and small hepatocellular carcinoma
Sheng Zhang, Si-Ming Xie, Yong-Hua Chen, Xu-Bao Liu, Gang Mai
Oncotarget.2017; 8(23): 37291. CrossRef
A Case of Intra-abdominal Paragonimiasis Mimicking Metastasis of Lung Cancer Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration
Cho Rong Oh, Mi-Jin Kim, Kwang Hyuck Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 66(1): 41. CrossRef
Pancreatic paragonimiasis mimics pancreatic cystic-solid tumor – A case report
Xiaodong Yang, Mingqing Xu, Yang Wu, Bo Xiang
Pancreatology.2015; 15(5): 576. CrossRef
Cutaneous paragonimiasis due to triploid Paragonimus westermani presenting as a non-migratory subcutaneous nodule: a case report
Makoto Kodama, Mayumi Akaki, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Haruhiko Maruyama, Eiji Nagayasu, Tetsuhiro Yokouchi, Yasuji Arimura, Hiroaki Kataoka
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Update on Parasitic Diseases
Min Seo
Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 85(5): 469. CrossRef
Paragonimiasis: A Pictorial Essay
Kyung Nyeo Jeon, Mi Jung Park, Kyungsoo Bae, Hae Young Choi, Ho Cheol Choi, Jae Boem Na, Dae Seob Choi, Ho Cheol Kim, In Seok Jang, Dong Chul Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2013; 69(5): 365. CrossRef

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Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods: Nguyen Van De, Thanh Hoa Le, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):137-141.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.137

Abstract
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From 2006 to 2010, hospitals in Hanoi treated 10 human patients for dirofilariasis. The worms were collected from parasitic places, and identification of the species was completed by morphology and molecular methods. Ten parasites were recovered either from the conjunctiva (n=9) or subcutaneous tissue (n=1). The parasites were 4.0-12.5 cm in length and 0.5-0.6 mm in width. Morphological observations suggested all parasites as Dirofilaria repens. Three of the 10 parasites (1 from subcutaneous tissue and 2 from eyes) were used for molecular confirmation of the species identification. A portion of the mitochondrial cox1 (461 bp) was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 95% and 99-100%, respectively, when compared with D. repens (Italian origin, GenBank AJ271614; DQ358814). This is the first report of eye dirofilariasis and the second report of subcutaneous tissue dirofilariasis due to D. repens in Vietnam.

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Subconjunctival Granuloma Caused by Dirofilaria repens in an Indoor Dog From Thailand: A Case Report and Mitochondrial Genome Analysis
Natthanet Sritrakoon, Pongpun Sawatwong, Kannika Siripattarapravat, Duangkamon Siludjai, Famui Mueanpai, Peera Hemarajata, Sutawee Suksin, Wissanuwat Chimnoi, Nutsuda Klinkaew, Burin Nimsuphan
Veterinary Ophthalmology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Zoonotic Dirofilaria sp. “hongkongensis” in subcutaneous nodules from dogs and cats, Hong Kong SAR
Thamali Manathunga, May Tse, Livia Perles, Frederic Beugnet, Vanessa Barrs, Domenico Otranto
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Distribution of dirofilariasis in Omsk region
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Acta Biomedica Scientifica.2022; 7(3): 277. CrossRef
Canine and feline vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern in Southeast Asia
Viet-Linh Nguyen, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2021; 1: 100001. CrossRef
High genetic diversity in theDirofilaria repensspecies complex revealed by mitochondrial genomes of feline microfilaria samples from Narathiwat, Thailand
Esra Yilmaz, Sirichit Wongkamchai, Sabrina Ramünke, Georgios D. Koutsovoulos, Mark L. Blaxter, Sven Poppert, Roland Schaper, Georg von Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Jürgen Krücken
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Subcutaneous dirofilariasis of the groin in a male due to Dirofilaria repens
P. Xaplanteri, P. Patrikakos, F. Kolonitsiou, N. Zacharis, C. Potsios, M. Marangos, G. Zacharis
Hellenic Journal of Surgery.2017; 89(3-4): 178. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of human Dirofilaria isolates from Kerala
Najuma Nazar, Bindu Lakshmanan, K.K. Jayavardhanan
Indian Journal of Medical Research.2017; 146(4): 528. CrossRef
First Molecular Identification of Dirofilaria repens in a Dog Blood Sample from Guanajuato, Mexico
Sandra Ramos-Lopez, Ma. Fabiola León-Galván, Mariana Salas-Alatorre, Alma A. Lechuga-Arana, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas, Abner J. Gutiérrez-Chávez
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2016; 16(11): 734. CrossRef
Nódulo subcutáneo paraciliar de origen infrecuente
Frederic Gómez-Bertomeu, Antoni Raventós-Estellé, Domingo Bofill-Montoro, Eva González-Carballo
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica.2015; 33(4): 268. CrossRef
A Rare Human Case of <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> Infection in the Subcutaneous Posterior Thorax with Molecular Identification
Tran Anh Le, Thuat Thang Vi, Khac Luc Nguyen, Thanh Hoa Le
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(3): 329. CrossRef
The First Human Case of Thelazia callipaeda Infection in Vietnam
Nguyen Van De, Thanh Hoa Le, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 221. CrossRef