Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"superoxide"

Original Articles

Oxidative Stress in the Heart of Rats Infected with Trypanosoma evansi: Matheus D. Baldissera, Carine de F. Souza, Cl?udia M. Bertoncheli, Karine L. da Silveira, Thirssa H. Grando, Bianca C. Z. Porto, Daniela B. R. Leal, Aleksandro S. Da Silva, Ricardo E. Mendes, Lenita M. Stefani, Silvia G. Monteiro; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):247-252.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.247

Abstract
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This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the heart tissue of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Rats were divided into 2 groups (A and B) with 12 animals each, and further subdivided into 4 subgroups (A1 and A2, 6 animals/each; and B1 and B2, 6 animals/each). Animals in the groups B1 and B2 were subcutaneously inoculated with T. evansi. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), reduced glutathione activity (GSH), and non-protein thiols (NPSH) in the heart tissue were evaluated. At day 5 and 15 post-infection (PI), an increase in the TBARS levels and a decrease in the SOD activity (P<0.05) were observed. GSH and GST activities were decreased in infected animals at day 15 PI (P<0.05). Considering the proper functioning of the heart, it is possible that the changes in the activity of these enzymes involved in the oxidative stress may be related, at least in part, in the pathophysiology of rats infected with T. evansi.

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Novel insights into antioxidant status, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry in an animal model infected with camel-derived Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria annulata
Reem M. Ramadan, Alaa F. Bakr, Esraa Fouad, Faten F. Mohammed, Azza M. Abdel-Wahab, Sahar Z. Abdel-Maogood, Mohamed M. El-Bahy, Mai A. Salem
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of a type K1 strain Trypanosoma evansi isolate from Nigerian cattle: An evaluation of the therapeutic effects of compounds from Brassica oleracea on the histopathology of infected wister rats
Kingsley Onyekachi Moh, Sodangi Abdulkarim Luka, Iliya Shehu Ndams, Idris Alao Lawal, Dahiru Sani, Sylvester Sunday Obeta, Gbenga Peter Oderinde, Emeka John Dingwoke, Fatima Amin Adamude, Abraham Ehinomhen Ubhenin, Saifullahi Umar
Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2023; 33: 101424. CrossRef
The disturbance of antioxidant/oxidant balance in fish experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae: Relationship with disease pathophysiology
Matheus D. Baldissera, Carine F. Souza, Belisa Parmeggiani, Guilhian Leipnitz, Camila Marina Verdi, RobertoC.V. Santos, Lenita M. Stefani, Bernardo Baldisserotto
Microbial Pathogenesis.2018; 122: 53. CrossRef
Relationship between antioxidant defense in Acanthamoeba spp. infected lungs and host immunological status
N. Łanocha-Arendarczyk, I. Baranowska-Bosiacka, I. Gutowska, K. Kot, E. Metryka, D.I. Kosik-Bogacka
Experimental Parasitology.2018; 193: 58. CrossRef
Achyrocline satureioides essential oil loaded in nanocapsules ameliorate the antioxidant/oxidant status in heart of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi
Carine F. Souza, Matheus D. Baldissera, Luciana F. Cossetin, Daiane F. Dalla Lana, Silvia G. Monteiro
Microbial Pathogenesis.2017; 105: 30. CrossRef

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Sequence Variation in Superoxide Dismutase Gene of Toxoplasma gondii among Various Isolates from Different Hosts and Geographical Regions: Shuai Wang, Aiping Cao, Xun Li, Qunli Zhao, Yuan Liu, Hua Cong, Shenyi He, Huaiyu Zhou; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):253-258.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.253

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans, livestock, and marine mammals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether superoxide dismutase (SOD) of T. gondii can be used as a new marker for genetic study or a potential vaccine candidate. The partial genome region of the SOD gene was amplified and sequenced from 10 different T. gondii isolates from different parts of the world, and all the sequences were examined by PCR-RFLP, sequence analysis, and phylogenetic reconstruction. The results showed that partial SOD gene sequences ranged from 1,702 bp to 1,712 bp and A + T contents varied from 50.1% to 51.1% among all examined isolates. Sequence alignment analysis identified total 43 variable nucleotide positions, and these results showed that 97.5% sequence similarity of SOD gene among all examined isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these SOD sequences were not an effective molecular marker for differential identification of T. gondii strains. The research demonstrated existence of low sequence variation in the SOD gene among T. gondii strains of different genotypes from different hosts and geographical regions.

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Superoxide Dismutases in Immune Regulation and Infectious Diseases
Tong Liu, Jiajin Shang, Qijun Chen
Antioxidants.2025; 14(7): 809. CrossRef
Immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii Superoxide dismutase (TgSOD) induces partial immune protection against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice
Yuan Liu, Aiping Cao, Yawen Li, Xun Li, Hua Cong, Shenyi He, Huaiyu Zhou
BMC Infectious Diseases.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis: Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):479-484.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.479

Abstract
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Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. In this study, we examined superoxide anion (O₂^.-) production by neutrophils activated by T. vaginalis. Human neutrophils produced superoxide anions when stimulated with either a lysate of T. vaginalis, its membrane component (MC), or excretory-secretory product (ESP). To assess the role of trichomonad protease in production of superoxide anions by neutrophils, T. vaginalis lysate, ESP, and MC were each pretreated with a protease inhibitor cocktail before incubation with neutrophils. Superoxide anion production was significantly decreased by this treatment. Trichomonad growth was inhibited by preincubation with supernatants of neutrophils incubated for 3 hr with T. vaginalis lysate. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production by neutrophils was stimulated by live trichomonads. These results indicate that the production of superoxide anions and MPO by neutrophils stimulated with T. vaginalis may be a part of defense mechanisms of neutrophils in trichomoniasis.

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Haining Zhang, Ru Meng, Fan Zhang, Ao Chen, Hongrun Ge, Wangkai Chen, Zhi Li, Yong Fu
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Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(5): 1355. CrossRef
Immunological Activities of Crude Polysaccharides Extracts ofClimacodon pulcherrimus(Phanerochaetaceae) in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Rat Macrophages and Neutrophils' Responses
Tume Christopher, Oumar Mahamat, Miyanui N. Chungong, C. Atemenkeh Ngwa, P. Maishu Samka
Journal of Medicinal Food.2021; 24(2): 180. CrossRef
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Shahin Hallaj, Anahita Ghorbani, Seyed Ali Mousavi‐Aghdas, Mohammad Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari, Andrey Sevbitov, Vida Hashemi, Tooba Hallaj, Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
Immunology & Cell Biology.2021; 99(2): 192. CrossRef
The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
César Díaz-Godínez, Julio C. Carrero
Bioscience Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis
Yi-Ting Xie, Jiang-Mei Gao, Ya-Ping Wu, Petrus Tang, Geoff Hide, De-Hua Lai, Zhao-Rong Lun
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Adenosine reduces reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 production by Trichomonas vaginalis-stimulated neutrophils
Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Camila Braz Menezes, Gustavo Krumel Goelzer, Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto, Solange Cristina Garcia, Tiana Tasca
Purinergic Signalling.2017; 13(4): 569. CrossRef

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Oxidative Stress in Vivax Malaria: Ramazan Bilgin, Mustafa S. Yalcin, Guzide Yucebilgic, Ismail S. Koltas, S?leyman Yazar; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):375-377.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.375

Abstract
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Malaria is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The increase in lipid peroxidation reported in malaria infection and antioxidant status may be a useful marker of oxidative stress during malaria infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of antioxidant enzymes against toxic reactive oxygen species in patients infected with Plasmodium vivax and healthy controls. Malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in 91 P. vivax patients and compared with 52 controls. Malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were 8.07±2.29 nM/ml, 2.69±0.33 U/ml, and 49.6±3.2 U/g Hb in the patient group and 2.72±0.50 nM/ml, 3.71±0.47 U/ml, and 62.3±4.3 U/g Hb in the control group, respectively. Malondialdehyde levels were found statistically significant in patients with vivax malaria higher than in healthy controls (P<0.001). On the other hand, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were found to be significantly lower in vivax malaria patients than in controls (P<0.05). There was an increase in oxidative stress in vivax malaria. The results suggested that antioxidant defense mechanisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of P. vivax.

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A 27 kDa Cysteine Protease Secreted by Newly Excysted Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae Induces Superoxide Anion Production and Degranulation of Human Eosinophils: Young-Bae Chung, Hirohito Kita, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):95-99.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.95

Abstract
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Eosinophil degranulation plays a crucial role in tissue inflammatory reactions associated with helminth parasitic infections and allergic diseases. Paragonimus westermani, a lung fluke causing human paragonimiasis, secretes a large amount of cysteine proteases, which are involved in nutrient uptake, tissue invasion, and modulation of hos's immune responses. There is, however, limited information about the response of eosinophils to direct stimulation by cysteine proteases (CP) secreted by P. westermani. In the present study, we tested whether degranulation and superoxide production from human eosinophils can be induced by stimulation of the 2 CP (27 kDa and 28 kDa) purified from excretory-secretory products (ESP) of P. westermani newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM). A large quantity of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) was detected in the culture supernatant when human eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood were incubated with the purified 27 kDa CP. Furthermore, the 27 kDa CP induced superoxide anion production by eosinophils in time- and dose-dependent manners. In contrast, the purified 28 kDa CP did not induce superoxide production and degranulation. These findings suggest that the 27 kDa CP secreted by PwNEM induces superoxide production and degranulation of human eosinophils, which may be involved in eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses during the larval migration in human paragonimiasis.

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Massive secretions in paragonimiasis pleural effusion: a new finding concerning clinical recognition and treatment
Yunxuan Zhang, Yimin Xie, Yarui Luo, Shuang Xiang, Wen Zhong, Na Wu, Meng Chen, Xiaojiao Zhou, Shulei Peng, Qiang Chen
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2023; 42(4): 493. CrossRef
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Possible Virulence Factors of Paragonimus proliferus
Sheng-Hao Li, Shu-De Li, Kun-Li Wu, Jun-Yi Li, Hong-Juan Li, Wei-Qun Wang, Li-Jun Yang, Jing-Jing Xu, Guo-Ji Chang, Yan-Ling Zhang, Qiu-Hong Shu, Shan-Shan Zhuang, Zhi-Qiang Ma, Shu-Meiqi He, Min Zhu, Wen-Lin Wang, Hong-Li Huang
Current Bioinformatics.2021; 16(2): 197. CrossRef
Downregulated RPS-30 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis L5 plays a defensive role against damage due to oxidative stress
Wei-Wei Sun, Xiu-Mei Yan, Qing Shi, Yuan-Jiao Zhang, Jun-Ting Huang, Hui-Cong Huang, Hong-Fei Shi, Bao-Long Yan
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and immunological characterization of cathepsin L-like cysteine protease of Paragonimus pseudoheterotremus
Tippayarat Yoonuan, Supaporn Nuamtanong, Paron Dekumyoy, Orawan Phuphisut, Poom Adisakwattana
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(12): 4457. CrossRef
Conservation and diversification of the transcriptomes of adult Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini
Ben-wen Li, Samantha N. McNulty, Bruce A. Rosa, Rahul Tyagi, Qing Ren Zeng, Kong-zhen Gu, Gary J. Weil, Makedonka Mitreva
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
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Samantha N. McNulty, Peter U. Fischer, R. Reid Townsend, Kurt C. Curtis, Gary J. Weil, Makedonka Mitreva, Aaron R. Jex
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Praveen Akuthota, Peter F. Weller
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Myeong Heon Shin
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Myeong Heon Shin, Young Ah Lee, Duk-Young Min
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S125. CrossRef
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Holly J. Atkinson, Patricia C. Babbitt, Mohammed Sajid
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M. J. G. JOHNSTON, J. A. MacDONALD, D. M. McKAY
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Excretory-secretory product of Paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae inhibits superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with IgG: Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):103-106.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.103

Abstract
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It is well known that the cysteine proteases in excretory-secretory product (ESP) of Paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM) are capable of degrading IgG in vitro. Recent evidence suggests that the IgG-coated surface, such as found on parasites, is one of the most effective physiologic stimuli for granulocyte activation. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of excretory-secretory product (ESP) of PwNEM on superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with IgG. The 96-well plates were coated with human IgG (0, 10, 30, 100 ?g/ml) in the absence or presence of ESP. When granulocytes were incubated in the wells coated with human IgG in the presence of ESP, the level of superoxide production of granulocytes was reduced to about 90% when compared to the cells incubated in the wells coated with IgG alone. This inhibitory effect of the ESP on IgG-induced superoxide production of granulocytes was concentration-dependent. These results suggest that ESP secreted by PwNEM may be important in the control of effector functions of granulocytes stimulated with IgG in human paragonimiasis.

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Excretory-secretory product of third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae induces apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Nareerat Viseshakul, Wilanee Dechkhajorn, Surachet Benjathummarak, Supaporn Nuamtanong, Yaowapa Maneerat
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(10): 2783. CrossRef
Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis
Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(4): 479. CrossRef
Excretory-Secretory Products Produced by Paragonimus westermani Differentially Regulate the Nitric Oxide Production and Viability of Microglial Cells
Youngnam Jin, Jae-Chul Lee, In Young Choi, Eun A. Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Won-Ki Kim
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.2006; 139(1): 16. CrossRef