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Case Report

Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods

Nguyen Van De1, Thanh Hoa Le2, Jong-Yil Chai3
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2012;50(2):137-141.
Published online: May 24, 2012

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Corresponding author (ngvdeyhn@gmail.com)
• Received: December 22, 2011   • Revised: March 15, 2012   • Accepted: March 15, 2012

© 2012, Korean Society for Parasitology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods
Korean J Parasitol. 2012;50(2):137-141.   Published online May 24, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.137
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Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods
Korean J Parasitol. 2012;50(2):137-141.   Published online May 24, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.137
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Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Dirofilaria repens collected from the conjunctiva (A, B) and subcutaneous tissue (C, D) of humans in Vietnam. (A) A female worm from the conjunctiva of a patient. (B) Another specimen from another patient. (C) Anterior end of a worm showing the mouth and esophagus (×100). (D) Posteror part of a female worm extracted from the subcutaneous tissue of a patient (×40).
Fig. 2 Comparison of 461 nucleotide (A) and 153 amino acids (B) of portion cox1 mitochondrial genome between Vietnamese Dirofilaria and other species of the family Filaridae, including the Italian Dirofilaria repens (Drep [ITA1] and Drep [ITA2]), Australian D. immitis (Dimm), Brugia malayi (Bmal), and Onchocerca volvulus (Ovol). Note differences between the Vietnamese Dirofilaria (GCA-VN1; GCH-VN2; GCD-VN3) and other species showed by sign nucleotide (or amino acid) of them; mark (.) is similar each other in nucleotide (or amino acid).
Fig. 3 The phylogenetic tree based on a portion of cox1 sequence of Dirofilaria isolates and nematode strains, including 3 collected in Vietnam. Topology was constructed by MEGA 4.1 using the neighbor-joining method [17]. Dirofilaria repens from this study and 2 from Italy are shown by the vertical bar. The length of the cox1 sequence is indicated in brackets. Bootstrap values (%) are indicated in numerals from 1,000 replicates. GCA-VN1, GCH-VN2, and GCD-VN3=Vietnamese Dirofilaria; Drep (ITA1) and Drep (ITA2)=Italian Dirofilaria repens (GenBank no. AJ271614 and DQ358814); Dimm: Dirofilaria immitis (GenBank no. AJ537512); Bmal: Brugia malayi (GenBank no. AF538716); Ovol: Onchocerca volvulus (GenBank no. AF015193); St-ste=Strongyloides stercoralis (GenBank no. AJ558163); As-sui=Ascaris sum (GenBank no. X54253); An-duo=Ancylostoma duodenale (GenBank no. AJ417718); Ne-ame=Neocator americanus (GenBank no.AJ417719); Tr-spi=Trichinella spiralis (GenBank no. AF293969).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods
Serial no. cases Sex Age (years) Province Parasitic place Worm length (cm) 1 Female 50 Hanoi  Right conjunctiva 4.0 2 Male 47 Hanoi  Left conjunctiva 8.0 3 Female 27 Hanoi  Left conjunctiva 10.0 4 Male 49 Hanoi  Right conjunctiva 5.0 5 Male 77 Ninh Binh  Right conjunctiva 11.0 6 Female 60 Ninh Binh  Right conjunctiva 15.0 7 Female 55 Ninh Binh  Right conjunctiva 11.0 8 Female 50 Hung Yen  Right conjunctiva 10.0 9 Male 50 Ha Nam  Left conjunctiva 12.5 10 Male 36 Ha Nam  Left subcutaneous side 12.0 Notation Origin Host Length Species GenBank Author GCA-VN1 Vietnam Human 461 bp Dirofilaria repens* - De, Le, and Chaia GCH-VN2 Vietnam Human 461 bp Dirofilaria repens* - De, Le, and Chaia GCD-VN3 Vietnam Human 461 bp Dirofilaria repens* - De, Le, and Chaia Drep (ITA1) Italy - 461 bp Dirofilaria repens AJ271614 [8] Drep (ITA2) Italy - 461 bp Dirofilaria repens DQ358814 Serini et al. (GenBank) Dimm Australia Dog 461 bp Dirofilaria immitis AJ537512 [14] Bmal GenBank - 461 bp Brugia malayi AF538716 [15] Ovol GenBank - 461 bp Onchocerca volvulus AF015193 [16] GCA- VN1 GCH- VN2 GCD- VN3 Drep (ITA1) Drep (ITA2) Dimm Bmal Ovol GCA-VN1 100 100 95 95 89 87 91 GCH-VN2 100 100 95 95 89 87 91 GCD-VN3 100 100 95 95 89 87 91 Drep (ITA1) 100 100 100 99 90 87 92 Drep (ITA2) 99 99 99 99 90 87 92 Dimm 96 96 96 96 96 83 89 Bmal 94 94 94 94 94 92 86 Ovol 98 98 98 98 97 96 95
Table 1. Information of worms collected from patients
Table 2. Sequencing of the portion cox1 of different filarial species from GenBank compared with Dirofilaria repens* in Vietnam

Results of the present study.

Table 3. Percentage identity of nucleotide (above diagonal) and amino acid homology (below diagonal) of cox1 sequences of Vietnamese Dirofilaria repens and other Filaridae in GenBank

GCA-VN1, GCH-VN2, and GCD-VN3 were Vietnamese Dirofilaria; Drep (ITA1) and Drep (ITA2) were Italian Dirofilaria repens (GenBank no. AJ271614 and DQ358814); Dimm: Dirofilaria immitis (GenBank no. AJ537512); Bmal: Brugia malayi (GenBank no. AF538716); Ovol: Onchocerca volvulus (GenBank no. AF015193).

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

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