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Infestation status of head louse and treatment with lindane shampoo in children of primary school and kindergarten in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea

Yong Chan Ha1, Jung Min Heo1, Hyung Joon Kim1, Gi Moon Go1, Sang Jeong Lee1, Song Hoan Jeong1, Seung In Ahn1, Min Cheol Kim1, Jeong Eun Kim1, Hyee Young Song1, Jeong Woon Park1, Byung Sung Kim2, Woon-Mok Sohn3
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2000;38(1):41-43.
Published online: March 31, 2000

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Corresponding author (hychan@hitel.net)
• Received: September 13, 1999   • Accepted: January 19, 2000

Copyright © 2000 by The Korean Society for Parasitology

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  • The infestation status of head louse among children attending primary schools and kindergartens in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea, was investigated between June and July 1999. Out of 2,288 children examined, 3.9% of boys (48/1,242) and 23.5% of girls (246/1,046) were infested with nits or adult/nymphs of lice. The effectiveness of lindane shampoo (1% gamma benzene hexachloride solution) was evaluated after one or two time applications to all the children infested. The negative conversion rate of pediculosis was 93.5%. Effective control measures are needed to control and prevent such ectoparasite infestation amongst children.
  • Key words: head louse infestation, Pediculus humanus capitis, pediculosis, treatment, lindane shampoo, Chinju-shi
Since the first report on the head louse infestation in Korea (Lee et al., 1984), investigators have reported some prevalent cases from school children (Kim et al., 1984; Pai and Huh, 1987; Pai et al., 1989; Ree et al., 1992; Huh et al., 1993; Hong et al., 1995) and those of people who were admitted to mental hospitals and public welfare facilities (Pai, 1992; Huh et al., 1994: Huh and Pai, 1995). Furthermore, the drug effectiveness for delousing was evaluated (Pai, 1992; Ree et al., 1992). In this study, we investigated the infestation status of head louse and the effect of lindane shampoo on children in primary schools and kindergartens.
A total of 2,288 primary school and kindergarten children from 11 regions (myons) in Chinju-shi was examined for the presence of nits, nymphs and/or adult head lice by naked eyes from June through July 1999. All children infested with lice were treated with lindane shampoo (1% gamma benzene hexachloride). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by examining the presence of nits or lice at 7-10 days after the treatment. If the live nits or lice were detected, the children were subjected to the second shampoo treatment.
Out of 2,288 children examined, 294 (12.8%) were found to be infested with nits and/or adults/nymphs of head lice. The prevalent cases by each school and each kindergarten are shown in Table 1. The positive rate of head louse was 3.9% (48/1,242) for the boys and 23.5% (246/1,046) for the girls. The prevalent cases according to different academic grades are presented in Table 2. The negative conversion rate of head lice infestation after the second treatment with lindane shampoo was 93.5% (Table 3).
In this study, the infestation rate was not significantly high when compared to those of previous reports (Kim et al., 1984; Lee et al., 1984; Pai and Huh, 1987; Pai et al., 1989; Huh et al., 1993). The infestation rate for the girls, however, was remarkably higher than the boys. This finding was consistent with those of previous studies (Pai et al., 1989; Huh et al., 1993; Hong et al., 1995). However, there were no significant differences in the infestation rates among different academic grades.
The negative conversion rate of head louse infestation after the second application of lindane shampoo was relatively high (93.5%). Taplin et al. (1986) obtained 43.3% pediculicidal efficacy in the treatment with 1% lindane shampoo, and 96.6% with 1% permethrin cream rinse. Pai et al. (1989) reported 87.1% reduction in patients after a double treatment with 0.2% permethrin solution. Pai et al. (1991) compared the pediculicidal effects between 24% benzylbenzoate solution and 0.2% permethrin solution after two sequential treatments. The reduction rates were 87.9% for the 24% benzylbenzoate solution group and 72.3% for the 0.2% permethrin solution group. On the other hand, Ree et al. (1992) reported a 93.4% reduction rate after a single application of Sumithrin powder in the mass treatment of head louse infestation.
For a successful control of such ectoparasites among children in primary schools and kindergartens, cooperations between the school authorities and the public health centers should be established, and a team of physicians, teachers, parents, and health care officials will be needed.
  • 1. Hong HK, Kim CM, Lee JS, Lee WJ, Yang YC. Infestation rate of head lice in primary school children in Inchon, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1995;33:243-244.
  • 2. Huh S, Pai KS. Head louse infestation in vagrants and children admitted to public welfare facilities, Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1995;33:69-71.
  • 3. Huh S, Kook J, Chai JY, Pai KS. Infestation rate of lice in a mental hospital, seoul, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1994;32:275-276.
  • 4. Huh S, Pai KS, Lee SJ, Kim KJ, Kim NH. Prevalence of head louse infestation in primary school children in Kangwon-do, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1993;31:67-69.
  • 5. Kim TK, Park CP, Huh S. Head louse infestation among the students in Yongyang-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do. Korean J Parasitol 1984;22:273-276. (in Korean).
  • 6. Lee SH, Oh CW, Chai JY. Head louse infestation among primary school children in Seosan-gun, Chungnam Province. Korean J Parasitol 1984;22:141-143. (in Korean).
  • 7. Pai KS. Head louse infestation among girls in an orphanage and women in a mental hospital and mass-delousing with Bioallethrin (PARA™ aerosol). Korean J Parasitol 1992;30:49-52. (in Korean).
  • 8. Pai KS, Huh S. Head louse infestation among school children in Sanbok-myon, Munkyong-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do (1985). Korean J Parasitol 1987;25:85-86. (in Korean).
  • 9. Pai KS, Park MS, Lee YS, et al. The prevalence of head louse infestation among urban and rural children in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1989;27:271-275. (in Korean).
  • 10. Pai KS, Park MS, Lee YS, Lee JS, Kim PK, Huh S. Therapeutic effects of 24% benzyl-benzoate and 0.2% permethrin on head louse infestation. J Korean Med Assoc 1991;34:1208-1218. (in Korean).
  • 11. Ree HI, Yong TS, Shin HJ, et al. Mass treatment of head louse infestation with Sumithrin powder in primary schools in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1992;30:349-354.
  • 12. Taplin D, Meinking TL, Castillero PM, Sanchez R. Permethrin 1% creme rinse for the treatment of Pediculus humanus var. capitis infestation. Pediatric Dermatol 1986;3:344-348.
Table 1.
Prevalence of head louse infestation in primary school and kindergarten children in 11 regions (myons), Chinju-shi
Table 1.
Administrative area (myon) Name of School No. of student examined No. of student infested (%)
Ibansong Ibansong 125 45 (36.0)
Ibansong (kind.)a) 104 29 (27.9)
Ilbansong Ilbansong 314 64 (20.4)
Sabong Sabong 109 15 (13.8)
Chisu Songjong 66 11 (16.7)
Chinsong Chinseong 166 12 (7.2)
Kumkok Kumkok 92 20 (21.7)
Munsan Munsan 603 68 (11.3)
Taepyong Taepyong 53 0 (0)
Sukok Sukok 91 10 (11.0)
Sukok (kind.)a) 48 1 (2.1)
Taekok Tuko 82 13 (15.9)
Taekok 238 0 (0)
Tanmok 56 0 (0)
Chiphyun 89 0 (0)
Michon Angan 52 6 (11.5)
Total 2,288 294 (12.8)

a)kindergarten

Table 2.
Infestation status of head louse by different grades and sexes
Table 2.
Grade Boys
 Girls
 Total
No. examined No.(%) positive No. examined No.(%) positive No. examined No.(%) positive
Kind.a) 207 17(8.2) 163 32(19.6) 370 49(13.2)
1 190 5(2.6) 140 33(23.6) 330 38(11.5)
2 173 6(3.5) 150 41(27.3) 323 47(14.6)
3 175 4(2.3) 148 39(26.4) 323 43(13.3)
4 165 8(4.8) 153 37(24.2) 318 45(14.2)
5 172 4(2.3) 150 27(18.0) 322 31 (9.6)
6 160 4(2.5) 142 37(26.1) 302 41(13.6)
Total 1,242 48(3.9) 1,046 246(23.5) 2,288 294(12.8)

a)kindergarten

Table 3.
The negative conversion rate of head lice infestation after treatment with lindane shampoo
Table 3.
    Items Boys Girls Total
No. of cases treated 48 246 294
No. of negative conversion cases after first treatment 41 177 218
No. of negative conversion cases after second treatment 5 52 57
Total No. (%) of negative conversion cases 46 (95.8) 229 (93.1) 275 (93.5)

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Infestation status of head louse and treatment with lindane shampoo in children of primary school and kindergarten in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Korean J Parasitol. 2000;38(1):41-43.   Published online March 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.41
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Infestation status of head louse and treatment with lindane shampoo in children of primary school and kindergarten in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Korean J Parasitol. 2000;38(1):41-43.   Published online March 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.41
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Infestation status of head louse and treatment with lindane shampoo in children of primary school and kindergarten in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Infestation status of head louse and treatment with lindane shampoo in children of primary school and kindergarten in Chinju-shi, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Administrative area (myon) Name of School No. of student examined No. of student infested (%)
Ibansong Ibansong 125 45 (36.0)
Ibansong (kind.)a) 104 29 (27.9)
Ilbansong Ilbansong 314 64 (20.4)
Sabong Sabong 109 15 (13.8)
Chisu Songjong 66 11 (16.7)
Chinsong Chinseong 166 12 (7.2)
Kumkok Kumkok 92 20 (21.7)
Munsan Munsan 603 68 (11.3)
Taepyong Taepyong 53 0 (0)
Sukok Sukok 91 10 (11.0)
Sukok (kind.)a) 48 1 (2.1)
Taekok Tuko 82 13 (15.9)
Taekok 238 0 (0)
Tanmok 56 0 (0)
Chiphyun 89 0 (0)
Michon Angan 52 6 (11.5)
Total 2,288 294 (12.8)
Grade Boys
 Girls
 Total
No. examined No.(%) positive No. examined No.(%) positive No. examined No.(%) positive
Kind.a) 207 17(8.2) 163 32(19.6) 370 49(13.2)
1 190 5(2.6) 140 33(23.6) 330 38(11.5)
2 173 6(3.5) 150 41(27.3) 323 47(14.6)
3 175 4(2.3) 148 39(26.4) 323 43(13.3)
4 165 8(4.8) 153 37(24.2) 318 45(14.2)
5 172 4(2.3) 150 27(18.0) 322 31 (9.6)
6 160 4(2.5) 142 37(26.1) 302 41(13.6)
Total 1,242 48(3.9) 1,046 246(23.5) 2,288 294(12.8)
    Items Boys Girls Total
No. of cases treated 48 246 294
No. of negative conversion cases after first treatment 41 177 218
No. of negative conversion cases after second treatment 5 52 57
Total No. (%) of negative conversion cases 46 (95.8) 229 (93.1) 275 (93.5)
Table 1. Prevalence of head louse infestation in primary school and kindergarten children in 11 regions (myons), Chinju-shi

kindergarten

Table 2. Infestation status of head louse by different grades and sexes

kindergarten

Table 3. The negative conversion rate of head lice infestation after treatment with lindane shampoo

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

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