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Life history of Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Korea
W M Sohn
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-280, Korea.
Received February 24, 1998; Accepted April 13, 1998.
Abstract
The present study was performed to observe characteristics of the life history of Echinoparyphium recurvatum under both natural and laboratory conditions in Korea. A batch of Radix auricularia coreana was collected from Sunamchon, one of the stream of West Naktonggang (River), in Kangso-gu, Pusan during August and September 1992. Out of 106 snails examined by crushing, 52 (49.0%) were infected with larval E. recurvatum, i.e. rediae, cercariae and metacercariae. Cercariae naturally shed from snails encysted in the snails of same species and loaches, but not in mud-snails. Adult worms were detected from chicks and ducks experimentally infected with metacercariae, but not from rats and mice. The average recovery rate of adults from chicks was 13.1%. Rediae were sac-like, 2.437 × 0.317 mm in average size, with a muscular pharynx and a brownish cecum which reached the anterior half of the body. Cercariae consisted of a spindle-shaped body (0.262 × 0.129 mm in average) and a rod-like tail (0.528 × 0.056 mm in average). In the cercarial body, 45 collar spines were observed on the head crown, and double rows of excretory ducts with fine granules were laterally arranged between the pharynx and the ventral sucker. Metacercariae were spherical, 0.144 × 0.142 mm in average size, with thick hyaline outer and thin elastic inner walls, and many excretory granules. Adults were slender and more attenuated in the anterior end, 2.760 × 0.550 mm in average size, and had 45 collar spines including four end group spines on both ventral corners. From the above results, it was confirmed that R. auricularia coreana plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of E. recurvatum as the first and/or second intermediate hosts in Korea.
Figures
Figs. 1-4 Schematic drawings of the larvae and adult of Echinoparyphium recurvatum from naturally infected snails, Radix auricularia coreana, and an experimentally infected chick. Fig. 1. A daughter redia has a muscular pharynx, a brownish cecum reaching the anterior half of the body, and several mature cercariae. Fig. 2. A cercaria consists of a spidle-shaped body and a rod-like tail. Fig. 3. A metacercaria has a thick hyaline and thin elastic walls, a characteristic head crown with 45 collar spines, and many excretory granules. Fig. 4. A adult worm is slender and more attenuated in the anterior end. It also has a well developed head crown with 45 collar spines including four end group spines on both ventral corners.
Figs. 5-6 SEM views of collar spines on the head crown of an adult E. recurvatum. Fig. 5. Ventral view showing the four end group spines (boxed) and three lateral spines (arrow heads). Fig. 6. Dorsal view showing the alternately arranged collar spines.
Tables
Table 1 Infection status with larval Echinoparyphium recurvatum in Radix auricularia coreanaa) from the Sunamchon (Stream) in Kangso-gu, Pusan
Table 2 Measurementsa) of E. recurvatum cercariae from R. auricularia coreana
Table 3 Recovery of E. recurvatum from the experimentally infected chicks
Table 4 Measurementsa) of E. recurvatum adults and comparison with those of previous authors
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