Chronic Clonorchis sinensis (CS) infection is etiologically related to cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) in human and animals.
This study was carried out to clarify the role of CS infection on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis. Fifteen hamsters were administered with 15 ppm DMN for 4 weeks and one week later, the hamsters were infected with 15 metacercariae of CS (DMN--