| Mi-Kyung Park | 4 Articles |
Sparganosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra species, commonly transmitted through ingestion of infected copepods or raw intermediate hosts. A 51-year-old man presented with a palpable mass in his right thigh. Surgical excision revealed a worm-like structure. Histopathological and serologic findings suggested sparganosis, and PCR amplification of the cox1 gene from paraffin-embedded tissue showed 99% sequence identity with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (GenBank accession No. KJ599680.1). Praziquantel (75 mg/kg/day for 3 days) was administered, and the patient showed no evidence of recurrence during follow-up. Eosinophilia was not observed; however, positive sparganum antibodies supported the diagnosis. This case demonstrates that molecular identification using mitochondrial genes can be a valuable diagnostic tool, especially when morphological features are limited. Furthermore, it highlights the zoonotic potential of S. erinaceieuropaei and underscores the importance of food safety, hygiene education, and continuous epidemiological surveillance to prevent human sparganosis in endemic regions.
Malarial infection induces tissue hypoxia in the host through destruction of red blood cells. Tissue hypoxia in malarial infection may increase the activity of HIF1α through an intracellular oxygen-sensing pathway. Activation of HIF1α may also induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to trigger angiogenesis. To investigate whether malarial infection actually generates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, we analyzed severity of hypoxia, the expression of hypoxia-related angiogenic factors, and numbers of blood vessels in various tissues infected with Plasmodium berghei. Infection in mice was performed by intraperitoneal injection of 2×106 parasitized red blood cells. After infection, we studied parasitemia and survival. We analyzed hypoxia, numbers of blood vessels, and expression of hypoxia-related angiogenic factors including VEGF and HIF1α. We used Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to analyze various tissues from Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. In malaria-infected mice, parasitemia was increased over the duration of infection and directly associated with mortality rate. Expression of VEGF and HIF1α increased with the parasitemia in various tissues. Additionally, numbers of blood vessels significantly increased in each tissue type of the malaria-infected group compared to the uninfected control group. These results suggest that malarial infection in mice activates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis by stimulation of HIF1α and VEGF in various tissues.
Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
To determine alteration of immune responses during visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
Profilins are ubiquitous pan-allergens responsible for cross-reactivity between pollens and plant foods. While we previously demonstrated that recombinant Acanthamoeba profilin (rAc-PF) drives allergic airway inflammation via Th2/Th17 pathways in murine models, its clinical relevance in human allergic disease remains unclear. This study investigated rAc-PF as a novel inhalant allergen and its immunological impact on patients with allergic airway diseases. A total of 176 patients with allergic airway diseases underwent skin prick tests with rAc-PF and a standard panel of 55 common aeroallergens. Acanthamoeba-specific and rAc-PF–specific serum IgE levels were quantified using ELISA. To elucidate immune mechanisms, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic asthma patients were stimulated with rAc-PF, and Th2/Th17 cytokine production was analyzed. Thirteen patients (7.4%) showed positive skin prick tests reactions to rAc-PF. This sensitization was significantly associated with tree, grass, and weed pollens, indicating a pan-allergen characteristic due to high cross-reactivity. Notably, one patient sensitized to rAc-PF reacted to no other common inhalants, suggesting rAc-PF as a unique causative agent. Patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of serum Acanthamoeba-specific and rAc-PF–specific IgE compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, rAc-PF stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic patients induced robust production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A in humans. rAc-PF is identified as a novel allergen capable of inducing IgE-mediated sensitization and mixed Th2/Th17 responses. The strong association with pollen sensitization supports its role as an environmental pan-allergen. Therefore, rAc-PF should be considered a clinically relevant diagnostic target, especially in patients with polysensitization or unidentified triggers.
|
|
