Normal Bangkok strain of X. cheopis which had little resistance to DDT in 1966 became moderately resistant in 1972 without any direct exposure to the insecticide. It was analyzed that the causes of resistance gaining were as follows. First, the possibility of being exposed unconsciously to DDT spray under malaria eradication program could not be ruled out, even in laboratory as far as ventilation windows would be open sometime. Insecticides from air spray through the window influenced the fleas kept in the pools. Second, it may be said that initial resistance to DDT has become greater and greater ecologically without any exposure of insecticides. A highly resistant strain of X. cheopis which survived after contacting 4% DDT for five times during one year period was obtained in the laboratory and it showed 100% survival at the highest concentration (4%) of DDT paper by 24 hour exposure. The hybrid forms between normal Bangkok strain and artificially mutated "Resistant Strain" were obtained by mixing the above two colonies. Regardless to the sexes of both ancestors, the results of resistance tests of hybrids showed that artificially gained resistance of fleas to DDT was inherited possibly by recessive hereditary role by pheonotype.
The periodicity of the microfilariae of Brugia malayi was studied in 9 human carriers from Shin-san Ri, Seong-san Myon, Cheju Island. The periodicity pattern was markedly nocturnal and the peaks were observed between 21:30 p.m. and 5:30 a.m. The average peak count was 1:30 a.m. and the percentage of peak count at this time was 95.3. The ratio of minimum of the average peak count percentage to the maximum was 8.3. The periodicity pattern of B.malayi in Cheju Island was compared with that in Inland and no differences were found between two forms. From the above observations, it was concluded that the periodicity of B. malayi in Korea is markedly nocturnal and closely resembles that in the strain of Penang, Malaya.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Surveillance and Vector Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea Shin Hyeong Cho, Da Won Ma, Bo Ra Koo, Hee Eun Shin, Wook Kyo Lee, Byong Suk Jeong, Chaeshin Chu, Won Ja Lee, Hyeng Il Cheun Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2012; 3(3): 145. CrossRef
Successful Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea Hyeng-Il Cheun, Yoon Kong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Joo-Shil Lee, Jong-Koo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 323. CrossRef
A survey of Brugia malayi infection on the Heugsan Islands, Korea Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Yil Choi, Jong-Soo Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Kyun-Jong Park, Kyeong-Ae Yang, Keon-Hoon Lee, Mi-Jeng Park, Hyung-Ran Park, Mi-Ja Kim, Han-Jong Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(1): 69. CrossRef
In order to know relationship between the clavate cells of epidermis and infectivity of metacercariae of C. sinensis.
histological investigation of epidermis was carried out on the 26 species of fresh-water fish collected from the main rivers in Korea. Results were summarized as it follows: In general clavate cell had a single nucleus at its center.
However it was observed in Liobagrus mediadiposalis and Pelteobagrus fuluidraco that clavate cell had two nuclei with and independent so-called light halo of Oxner and in some cases had none of them. In following species; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cobitis taenia, Liobagrus mediadiposalis, Pelteobagrus fuluidraco, Parasilurus asotus and Anguilla japonica, scales were not detected or buried in the dermis layer, and the epidermis was mostly consisted of clavate cells. Among these species, it was observed that no metacercariae were found. In case of Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius (crusian carp and golden crusian carp), Sarcocheilichthys czerskii, Pungtungia herzi and Coreoleuciscus splendius, scales were exposed over the epidermis, in which clavate cells were abundantly found. In these species, a few of the metacercariae were detected. On the other hand, no clavate cells were observed in Pseudorasbora parva , Zacco platypus, Microphysogobio koreensis, Gnathopogon majimae, Gnathopogon coreanus, Acheilognathus signifer, Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Cultriculus eigenmanni, Coreoperca herzi, Pseudoperilampus uyekii, Pseudoperilampus notatus and Pseudogobio esocinus.
These fishes with exposed scales on the epidermis were well known to serve as the second intermediate hosts of C.
sinensis. From the above results obtained, it was suggested that the existance of clavate cells in the epidermis of the fresh-water fish seems to be correlated with the infectivity of the metacercariae of C. sinensis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Experimental studies on the second intermediate hosts of Clonorchis sinensis IV. Observations on the fate of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in the fish host, Cultriculus eigenmanni Jae Ku Rhee, Byeong Kirl Baek, Ho Il Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 79. CrossRef
The wormicidal substance of fresh water fishes on Clonorchis sinensis V. Purification and chemical characterization of clonorchicidal substance from epidermal mucus of Cyprinus carpio Jae Ku Rhee, Sang Bork Lee, Byung Zun Ahn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1984; 22(1): 127. CrossRef
Experimental Infection of Clonorchis sinensis to Cyprinus carpio nudus Jae Ku Rhee, Pyung Gil Kim, Byeong Kirl Baek, Sang Bork Lee, Byung Zun Ahn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(1): 11. CrossRef
Clavate Cells Of Epidermis In Cyprinus Carpio Nudus With Reference To Its Defence Activity To Clonorchis Sinensis JK Rhee, PG Kim, BK Baek, SB Lee, BZ Ahn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(2): 201. CrossRef
The wormicidal substances of fresh water fishes on Clonorchis sinensis II. Preliminary research on the wormicidal substances from mucous substances of various fresh water fishes Jae Ku Rhee, Byeong Kirl Baek, Byung Zun Ahn, Young Jun Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(1): 98. CrossRef
The wormicidal substances of fresh water fishes on Clonorchis sinensis III. Seasonal variation on the wormicidal substances of mucous substances of Carassius carassius Jae Ku Rhee, Byeong Kirl Baek, Byung Zun Ahn, Young Jun Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(2): 179. CrossRef
The wormicidal substances of fresh water fishes on Clonorchis sinensis I Preliminary research on the wormicidal substance from mucous substance of Carassius carassius Jae Ku Rhee, Byeong Kirl Baek, Byung Zun Ahn, Young Jun Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(2): 121. CrossRef
Nishimura in 1943 indicated for the first time that a serious endemic focus of Clonorchis sinensis is located in the vicinity of Yeong-cheon(Kyungpook Province, Korea).
Later, numerous surveys of this fluke in the Province have been made, but no additional report on the endemic focus of the fluke has been available. The overall percentage of Clonorchis sinensis infections, based on the discovery of eggs by the formalin-ether sedimentation technique, was found to be 54.8 percent from 851 residents in Nakjeon ri (village), Danmil myun, Uiseong gun (county), Kyungpook Province and no significant difference was observed in the sex specific rate of the individuals infected. There is a high incidence of infection with Clonorchis sinensis. The infection rate in the age group from 0 to 4 years was 14.6 per cent, 5 to 9 years was 35.7 per cent and 10 to 14 years was 51.7 per cent. In the worn burdens for residents, the average number of egg-counts was 41,800. It is found that a serious endemic focus of Clonorchis sinensis exists in the vicinity of Nakjeon village.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Epidemiological studies on Clonorchis sinensis infection along the Nam-river in Gyeongnam province, Korea Kyoung Hoon Bae, Yung Kyum Ahn, Chin Thack Soh, Hiroshi Tsutsumi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 167. CrossRef
Infestation with larval trematodes from fresh-water fish in natural and fish breeding ponds Jong Hwan Kim, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(2): 157. CrossRef
Epidemiological studies of Clonorchis sinensis in vicinity of river Taewha, Kyungnam province, Korea Chong Yoon Joo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(2): 199. CrossRef
Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis in vicinity of Seongju, Kyungpook Province, Korea Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1978; 16(2): 140. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis in Kyungpook Province, Korea 3. Changing pattern of Clonorchis sinensis infection among inhabitants Dong Wik Choi, Doo Hong Ahn, Chung Hun Choy, Sang Soon Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1976; 14(2): 117. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis in Kyungpook province, Korea 2. Demonstration of metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis from fresh-water fish Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1976; 14(1): 10. CrossRef
This study was conducted on 4,003 inhabitants of six villages, Southern County of Che Ju lsland from April 18 to July 30, 1974 with purpose of studying. Relationship between intradermal reaction and egg detection rate, Egg detection rate by the number of sputum examination on the same subject, Comparison of direct sputum examination method (Whole volume of sputum in vinyl bag pressed between petri dishes) with concentration (2per cent NaOH) method, Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of the intradermal test in screening paragonimiasis. The results obtained are as follows: Overall positive skin reaction rate was 57.7 per cent and egg positive rate regardless of skin reaction was 17.1 per cent the population studied. Egg positive rate for negative skin reactors(wheal size smaller than 70mm(2)) was l0.l per cent, and that of positive reactors was 22.8 per cent. Positive skin reaction rate increased as age increased, egg positive rate, however, revealed rather inconsistent distribution by age. The egg positive rate showed a tendency of increase by increase of wheal size, though not so remarkably. 2.9 per cent of egg positives by direct sputum examination method was negative when re-examined by concentration method; 2.6 per cent of egg negative sputum by direct method was egg positive by concentration method. It was found that the sputa showing discrepant result by two different methods had only a few eggs in whole sputum collected. Egg positive rate by single sputum examination was 8.l per cent, by two examinations 14.6 per cent by three 19.2 per cent, by four 24.5 per cent, and by five examinations on the same individual was 20.5 per cent. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of the skin test were 76.5 per cent and 42.7 per cent respectively under the postulation that all infected persons could be detected by four sputum examinations.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
Epidemiological survey on paragonimiasis in Kang Hwa Gun Han Jong Rim, Joon Sang Lee, Han Sung Chung, Il Hyun, Kye Hun Jung The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1975; 13(2): 139. CrossRef
Indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of paragonimiasis Won Young Choi, Won Koo Lee, Ok Ran Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1975; 13(2): 152. CrossRef
The present study was carried out to examine the effect of "Cortisone" on the worm burden migrated in the organs, and granulomatous change in the liver of mice infected with Toxocara canis eggs. Daily does of 0.5 mg "Cortisone" was administrated subcutaneously to Toxocara-infected mice with different schedule. The results are summarized as follows: More number of Toxocara larvae migrated into the muscle tissue, especially into the carcass through the wall of the large intestine and higher distribution rate and longer persistence of worms were also recognized in the carcass of the experimental group than in the control. Cortisone administration resulted the inhibition of granuloma formation, as well as the resolution of granuloma in the liver. However, the discontinuation of the administration induced the reccurence of heavier grade of inflammation. In non-cortisone treated group (control), cellular infiltration appeared around the worms in the liver on the 10th day of the infection, and typical granulomatosis was followed on the 20th day. As in above results, it is considered cortisone has remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in mice infected with T.canis, but histopathological changes on the granuloma formation might be related closely with the duration of Toxocara infection, dosage, duration and timing of cortisone administration.
Effect of prednisolone treatment on the experimental inducement of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Ok Yong Kim, Kyung Il Im, Keun Tae Lee, Rim Soon Choe The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 165. CrossRef
Tinidazole (Fasigyn), a new drug which is active in vitro and in vivo against Entamoeba histolytica, was used in 30 Korean patients with acute and chronic intestinal amoebiasis. In aute amoebic dysentry eight of ten patients given tinidazole 150 mg q.i.d. for 10 days were cured clinically and parasitologically. In chronic intestinal amoebiasis, the parasitological cure was obtained 6 out of 10 patients given150 mg q.i.d. for 10 days and 8 out of 10 in patients given 300 mg q.i.d. for 7 days. Tinidazole is well tolerated and is free from serious toxicity. There was no significant alteration in blood count, liver function tests and urine analysis of any of the patients treated with tinidazole.
A single dose (2.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg) of pyrantel embonate given to three groups consisting 301 children with Ascaris lumbricoides infection achieved a cure rate of 91.3%, 94.4% and 98.9% respectively. Whereas in the other two groups of 71 and 75 patients who received 75 mg/kg body weight with piperazine adipate 2 or 3 consecutive days, the cure rates were 62.0% and 74.7% respectively. Administration of a single recommended dose of santonin-kainic acid complex given to 77 patients achived a cure rate of 80.5% with 91.0% of egg reduction rate. The cure rate resulting from a single lowest dose 2.5 mg/kg pyrantel embonate was significantly higher than those of piperazine adipate and santonin-kainic acid complex in the mass treatment for ascariasis. in addition to the group of 2.5 mg/kg pyrantel embonate treatment, the side effect was lesser than those of the other groups. Considering the efficacy and safety of pyrantel embonate against Ascaris lumbricoides, it would be one of the useful agents for the mass treatment of Ascaris control.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
What was the main factor in successful control of ascariasis in Korea? Seung-Yull Cho, Sung-Tae Hong Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(2): 103. CrossRef
The major bioactive components of seaweeds and their mosquitocidal potential Ke-Xin Yu, Ibrahim Jantan, Rohani Ahmad, Ching-Lee Wong Parasitology Research.2014; 113(9): 3121. CrossRef
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: common drugs for treatment and control Jürg Utzinger, Jennifer Keiser Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy.2004; 5(2): 263. CrossRef
Combination therapy in the treatment of helminth diseases Vijai K. Agrawal, Satyavan Sharma Medicinal Research Reviews.1985; 5(3): 333. CrossRef
Anthelmintic effects of single doses of fenbendazole and oxantel-pyrantel pamoate to the intestinal nematodes Han Jong Rim, Joon Sang Lee, Kyung Hwan Joo, Yung Shik Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(2): 95. CrossRef
A clinical trial of oxantel and pyrantel against intestinal nematodes infections Won Young Choi, Ok Ran Lee, Won Koo Lee, Wun Kyu Kim, Chang Seng Chung, Byong Ok Ough The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(1): 60. CrossRef
Seasonal fluctuation of Ascaris reinfection incidences in a rural Korean population Byong Seol Seo, Seung Yull Cho, Jong Yil Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(1): 11. CrossRef
Pyrantel embonate and bephenium hydroxynaphthoate in the treatment of hookworm infection Jung Kyoo Lim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1975; 13(1): 19. CrossRef
The evaluation of the effects of anthelmintic drug dose was done by the eggs reduction and the eggs negative conversion rate. The drug dose according to the age of the patient was estimated by the formula of Augsberger, the dose according to the body weight of patient was estimated by the Rule of Six, and the dose to the body surface of the patient was estimated by the formula of Costeff. It is considered that the application of the drug dose according to the age of the patient resulted in reduction of dose in the younger patient, and resulted in the excess dose in older patient.
The application of the drug dose according to the body weight also resulted in the reduction of dose in the lighter patient and the excess dose in the heavier patient. It is suggested that the application of drug dose according to the body surface is more reasonable than those by the age and the body weight. The value of this application was also proved to be medium value between those of age method and body weight method.
Electrophoretic patterns of human blood serum protein were studied in parasitic diseases including 19 cases of clonlrchiasis, 29 cases of clonorchiasis and other helminthiasis and 22 cases of healthy controls in Kim-hae area. The same study was made on 32 cases of ascariasis, 56 cases of trichocephaliasis, 80 cases of ascariasis and trichocephaliasis, 9 cases of amebiasis and 44 cases of healthy controls in the Seoul Juvenile Center. The total serum protein was performed by Folin method and the serum protein fraction test by Durrum's paper electrophoretic method. The results were as follows: In the case of clonolrchiasis, the total serum protein, albumin fraction and A/G ratio decreased and alpha (1) globulin fraction increased twice as much as in the case of healthy controls.
In the case of clonorchiasis and other helminthiasis, alpha(1) globulin fractions increased. In the case of ascariasis, albumin fractions increased but alpha(1) globulin fractions decreased. In the case of ascariasis and trichocephaliasis, alpha(2) and beta globulin fractions decreased. In the case of amebiasis, alpha(1) globulin decresed.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Effects of Kimchi Extract and Temperature on Embryostasis of Ascaris suum Eggs Jin-Sung Kim, Dae-Sung Oh, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Sung-Shik Shin The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(1): 83. CrossRef
Clinical Changes Caused by the Liver Fluke Metorchis conjunctus in Cats T. G. Watson, N. A. Croll Veterinary Pathology.1981; 18(6): 778. CrossRef
First
Prev
