Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 50(2); June 2012

Original Articles

IgG Avidity ELISA Test for Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Humans: Amir Hossien Rahbari, Hossien Keshavarz, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Mostafa Rezaeian; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):99-102.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.99

Abstract
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Serum samples, 100 in the total number, were collected from different laboratories in Tehran, Iran and tested for anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Using the IgG (chronic) and IgM (acute) positive samples, the IgG avidity test was performed by ELISA in duplicate rows of 96-well microtiter plates. One row was washed with 6 M urea and the other with PBS (pH 7.2), then the avidity index (AI) was calculated. Sixteen out of 18 (88.9%) sera with acute toxoplasmosis showed low avidity levels (AI≤50), and 76 out of 82 (92.7%) sera in chronic phase of infection showed high avidity index (AI>60). Six sera had borderline ranges of AI. The results showed that the IgG avidity test by ELISA could distinguish the acute and chronic stages of toxoplasmosis in humans.

Citations

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SELEX-derived DNA aptamer utilized for sensitive electrochemical biosensing of Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1
Pandiyaraj Kanagavalli, Shahad Alkhaldi, Mohammed Zourob, Shimaa Eissa
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 310: 143530. CrossRef
Comparison of B1 and RE 529 gene targets by real time PCR and LAMP assay for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant females
Priya Datta, Puja Garg, Divya Rattan, Rashmi Bagga, Minakshi Rohilla, Sumeeta Khurana, Rakesh Sehgal
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2024; 47: 100481. CrossRef
Formulation and evaluation of atovaquone-loaded macrophage-derived exosomes against Toxoplasma gondii : in vitro and in vivo assessment
Fatemeh Goudarzi, Vahid Jajarmi, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz, Emma H. Wilson
Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of IgG avidity in eyes with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Pratik Lakhmawar, Anup Kelgaonkar, Anamika Patel, Ashish Khalsa, Soumyava Basu
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2024; 72(Suppl 4): S601. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis in Female Students from Northwest Iran
Mehrdad Rostami, Sanam Rezaei Benam, Elham Sadat Roointan, Arezoo Bozorgomid, Saber Raeghi, Reza Shafiei
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.2024; 31(3): 153. CrossRef
Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Current Approaches and New Insights
Alfredo Márquez-Mauricio, Heriberto Caballero-Ortega, Fernando Gómez-Chávez
Acta Parasitologica.2023; 68(3): 473. CrossRef
Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasmosis in the First Trimester of Pregnancy by IgG Avidity
Afshin Azimi, Mahdi Parsaei, Eissa Soleymani, Elham Mehranzadeh, Amir Hossein Maghsood
Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 29(1): 50. CrossRef
Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Min-Ju Kim, Ki-Back Chu, Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Gi-Deok Eom, Keon-Woong Yoon, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, Young-Ha Lee, Fu-Shi Quan
Biomedicines.2022; 10(11): 2812. CrossRef
Dissociating direct and indirect effects: a theoretical framework of how latent toxoplasmosis affects cognitive profile across the lifespan
Lorenza Colzato, Wenxin Zhang, Christian Beste, Ann-Kathrin Stock
Neurobiology of Aging.2021; 102: 119. CrossRef
Modified ELISA for antibody avidity evaluation: The need for standardization
Victor Araujo Correa, Thais Sousa Rodrigues, Amanda Izeli Portilho, Gabriela Trzewikoswki de Lima, Elizabeth De Gaspari
Biomedical Journal.2021; 44(4): 433. CrossRef
IgG Avidity in Samples Collected on Filter Paper: Importance of The Early Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Jéssica Yonara de Souza, Taynara Cristina Gomes, Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende, Heloisa Ribeiro Storchilo, Patrícia Giffron Rodrigues, Ana Maria de Castro
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics.2021; 43(12): 887. CrossRef
Review on the Current Trends of Toxoplasmosis Serodiagnosis in Humans
Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez, Adrian P. Ybañez, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic significance of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in acute toxoplasmosis
Vanessa Sandri, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Gustavo Machado das Neves, Marisa Lucia Romani Paraboni
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(4): 785. CrossRef
Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii propagated in specific pathogen free embryonated chicken egg, for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in equids and human
Abeer M. Abdalhamed, Mohey A. Hassanain, Gamil S. G. Zeedan, Raafat M. Shaapan
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(3): 498. CrossRef
Serologic Tests of IgG and IgM Antibodies and IgG Avidity for Diagnosis of Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Bahman Rahimi-Esboei, Mohammad Zarei, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz Valian, Saeedeh Shojaee, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 147. CrossRef
Dynamics of Immune Responses during ExperimentalMycobacterium kansasiiInfection of Cynomolgus Monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)
Fangui Min, Lifang He, Yinzhu Luo, Shuwu Huang, Jinchun Pan, Jing Wang, Ruike Wu, Lan Zhang, Meili Chen
Mediators of Inflammation.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in placenta does not prove congenital toxoplasmosis
Khosro Sardarian, Amir Hossein Maghsood, Marzieh Farimani, Mehrdad Hajiloii, Massoud Saidijam, Manizheh Farahpour, Hanieh Mahaki, Alireza Zamani
Human Antibodies.2018; 27(1): 31. CrossRef
Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii soluble, whole and excretory/secretary antigens for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA test
S. Pishkari, S. Shojaee, H. Keshavarz, M. Salimi, M. Mohebali
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2017; 41(1): 289. CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasmosis in Middle Java, Indonesia
Annisa Retmanasari, Barandi Sapta Widartono, Mahardika Agus Wijayanti, Wayan Tunas Artama
EcoHealth.2017; 14(1): 162. CrossRef
Prenatal toxoplasmosis antibody and childhood autism
Marisa N. Spann, Andre Sourander, Heljä‐Marja Surcel, Susanna Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki, Alan S. Brown
Autism Research.2017; 10(5): 769. CrossRef
Early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection by using a interferon gamma release assay: A review
Shima Mahmoudi, Setareh Mamishi, Xun Suo, Hossein Keshavarz
Experimental Parasitology.2017; 172: 39. CrossRef
T cell immunoregulation in active ocular toxoplasmosis
Cynthia A. Cordeiro, Erica L.M. Vieira, Vinicius M. Castro, Walderez O. Dutra, Rogerio A. Costa, Juliana L. Orefice, Wesley R. Campos, Fernando Orefice, Lucy H. Young, Antonio Lucio Teixeira
Immunology Letters.2017; 184: 84. CrossRef
Inactivated H7 Influenza Virus Vaccines Protect Mice despite Inducing Only Low Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies
Ram P. Kamal, Kristy Blanchfield, Jessica A. Belser, Nedzad Music, Wen-Pin Tzeng, Crystal Holiday, Ashley Burroughs, Xiangjie Sun, Taronna R. Maines, Min Z. Levine, Ian A. York, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
Journal of Virology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women referred to therapeutic centers of Alborz Province (Iran) using immunoglobulin G avidity ELISA technique
Lame Akhlaghi, Fatemeh Tabatabaie, Ramtin Hadighi, Fatemeh Maleki, Fateme Hajialiani, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Abbas Ghasemi, Masoud Roudbari
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2016; 6(11): 864. CrossRef
Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in patients from basic units of health from Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil, from 2012 to 2014
Marcos Gontijo da Silva, Marina Clare Vinaud, Ana Maria de Castro, Ira J Blader
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(11): e0141700. CrossRef
Recombinant influenza H7 hemagglutinins induce lower neutralizing antibody titers in mice than do seasonal hemagglutinins
Kristy Blanchfield, Ram P. Kamal, Wen‐Pin Tzeng, Nedzad Music, Jason R. Wilson, James Stevens, Aleksander S. Lipatov, Jacqueline M. Katz, Ian A. York
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.2014; 8(6): 628. CrossRef
Determination of IgG avidity in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with Toxocara canis
Elizandra Roselaine Schoenardie, Carlos James Scaini, Luciana Farias da Costa de Avila, Rita Leal Sperotto, Sibele Borsuk, Cristine Dias Pires Felicetti, Michele Pepe, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2014; 23(3): 403. CrossRef
Dual-Aptamer-Based Biosensing of Toxoplasma Antibody
Yang Luo, Xing Liu, Tianlun Jiang, Pu Liao, Weiling Fu
Analytical Chemistry.2013; 85(17): 8354. CrossRef
Diagnosis of antigenic markers of acute toxoplasmosis by IgG avidity immunoblotting
Siamak Ali-Heydari, Hossien Keshavarz, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali
Parasite.2013; 20: 18. CrossRef

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Molecular Identification and Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Rapid Detection of Thelohanellus kitauei, a Myxozoan Parasite Causing Intestinal Giant Cystic Disease in the Israel Carp: Jung Soo Seo, Eun Ji Jeon, Moo Sang Kim, Sung Ho Woo, Jin Do Kim, Sung Hee Jung, Myoung Ae Park, Bo Young Jee, Jin Woo Kim, Yi-Cheong Kim, Eun Hye Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):103-111.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.103

Abstract
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Intestinal giant-cystic disease (IGCD) of the Israel carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been recognized as one of the most serious diseases afflicting inland farmed fish in the Republic of Korea, and Thelohanellus kitauei has been identified as the causative agent of the disease. Until now, studies concerning IGCD caused by T. kitauei in the Israel carp have been limited to morphological and histopathological examinations. However, these types of diagnostic examinations are relatively time-consuming, and the infection frequently cannot be detected in its early stages. In this study, we cloned the full-length 18S rRNA gene of T. kitauei isolated from diseased Israel carps, and carried out molecular identification by comparing the sequence with those of other myxosporeans. Moreover, conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment were established for further use as methods for rapid diagnosis of IGCD. Our results demonstrated that both the conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR systems applied herein are effective for rapid detection of T. kitauei spores in fish tissues and environmental water.

Citations

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Molecular phylogenetics reveals a species complex pattern of closely related members of genus Thelohanellus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) from the Indian subcontinent
Harpreet Kaur, Aditya Gupta, Rajni Attri
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 150: 104690. CrossRef
Potential Application of PCR Based Molecular Methods in Fish Pathogen Identification: A Review
Md. Ali Arman Ador, Md. Shameul Haque, Sulav Indra Paul, Jui Chakma, Rakib Ehsan, Ashikur Rahman
Aquaculture Studies.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A new species Myxodavisia jejuensis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Sinuolineidae) isolated from cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in South Korea
Sang Phil Shin, Chang Nam Jin, Han Chang Sohn, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Jehee Lee
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(11): 3105. CrossRef
Development of PCR method for detecting Kudoa iwatai (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus
Chan-Hyeok Jeon, Jeung-Wan Do, U-Hwa Nam, Wi-Sik Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(2): 789. CrossRef
Molecular identification of a new myxozoan, Myxobolus dermiscalis n. sp. (Myxosporea) infecting scales of Labeo rohita Hamilton in Harike Wetland, Punjab (India)
Harpreet Kaur, Rajni Attri, Jyoti Joshi
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2016; 5(2): 139. CrossRef
The life cycle of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) involves aurantiactinomyxon in Branchiura sowerbyi
Dandan Zhao, Muhammad Hafiz Borkhanuddin, Weimin Wang, Yang Liu, Gábor Cech, Yanhua Zhai, Csaba Székely
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(11): 4317. CrossRef
Genetic relatedness provides support for a species complex of myxosporeans infecting the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita
Harpreet Kaur, Aditya Gupta
Animal Biology.2015; 65(3-4): 337. CrossRef
Morphology and Phylogeny of Thelohanellus marginatus n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea), a Parasite Infecting the Gills of the Fish Hypophthalmus marginatus (Teleostei: Pimelodidae) in the Amazon River
Sónia Rocha, Graça Casal, Michele Velasco, Ângela Alves, Edilson Matos, Saleh Al‐Quraishy, Carlos Azevedo
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2014; 61(6): 586. CrossRef
The phylogenetic study on Thelohanellus species (Myxosporea) in relation to host specificity and infection site tropism
Sang Phil Shin, Van Giap Nguyen, Jae Mook Jeong, Jin Woo Jun, Ji Hyung Kim, Jee Eun Han, Gun Wook Baeck, Se Chang Park
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2014; 72: 31. CrossRef
New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria
Jin-Mei Feng, Jie Xiong, Jin-Yong Zhang, Ya-Lin Yang, Bin Yao, Zhi-Gang Zhou, Wei Miao
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2014; 81: 10. CrossRef
Discrimination and simultaneous detection of two myxozoan parasites belonging to genus Thelohanellus by multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Sung Ho Woo, Jung Soo Seo, Eun Hye Lee
Veterinary Parasitology.2014; 203(1-2): 212. CrossRef
Understanding myxozoan infection dynamics in the sea: Seasonality and transmission of Ceratomyxa puntazzi
Gema Alama-Bermejo, Radek Šíma, Juan A. Raga, Astrid S. Holzer
International Journal for Parasitology.2013; 43(9): 771. CrossRef

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Positivity and Intensity of Gnathostoma spinigerum Infective Larvae in Farmed and Wild-Caught Swamp Eels in Thailand: Wilai Saksirisampant, Benjamas Wongsatayanon Thanomsub; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):113-118.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.113

Abstract
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From July 2008 to June 2009, livers of the swamp eels (Monopterus alba) were investigated for advanced third-stage larvae (AL3) of Gnathostoma spinigerum. Results revealed that 10.2% (106/1,037) and 20.4% (78/383) of farmed eels from Aranyaprathet District, Sa Kaeo Province and those of wild-caught eels obtained from a market in Min Buri District of Bangkok, Thailand were infected, respectively. The prevalence was high during the rainy and winter seasons. The infection rate abruptly decreased in the beginning of summer. The highest infection rate (13.7%) was observed in September and absence of infection (0%) in March-April in the farmed eels. Whereas, in the wild-caught eels, the highest rate (30.7%) was observed in November, and the rate decreased to the lowest at 6.3% in March. The average no. (mean±SE) of AL3 per investigated liver in farmed eels (1.1±0.2) was significantly lower (P=0.040) than those in the caught eels (0.2±0.03). In addition, the intensity of AL3 recovered from each infected liver varied from 1 to 18 (2.3±0.3) in the farmed eels and from 1 to 47 (6.3±1.2) in the caught eels, respectively. The AL3 intensity showed significant difference (P=0.011) between these 2 different sources of eels. This is the first observation that farmed eels showed positive findings of G. spinigerum infective larvae. This may affect the standard farming of the culture farm and also present a risk of consuming undercooked eels from the wild-caught and farmed eels.

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Human gnathostomiasis: A review on the biology of the parasite with special reference on the current therapeutic management
Kathyleen Nogrado, Poom Adisakwattana, Onrapak Reamtong
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2023; 33: e00207. CrossRef
Morphological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eustrongylides sp. and Gnathostoma spinigerum Parasitizing the Asian Swamp Eel Monopterusalbus in China
Sixin Zhang, Guangping Huang, Liang Li, Xianyong Liu, Xiaoli Tang, Xun Suo
Pathogens.2021; 10(6): 711. CrossRef
Molecular cloning and characterization of serine protease inhibitor from food-borne nematode, Gnathostoma spinigerum
Anusorn Tinyou, Salisa Chaimon, Orawan Phuphisut, Porntida Kobpornchai, Preeyarat Malaithong, Akkarin Poodeepiyasawat, Issariya Ieamsuwan, Jiraporn Ruangsittichai, Pornpan Pumirat, Paron Dekumyoy, Onrapak Reamtong, Poom Adisakwattana
Acta Tropica.2020; 204: 105288. CrossRef
Infection Status of Gnathostoma spinigerum Larvae in Asian Swamp Eels, Monopterus albus, Purchased from Local Markets in Cambodia
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Keon Hoon Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 695. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of infective larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in freshwater swamp eels from Thailand
P. Eamsobhana, D. Wanachiwanawin, K. Roongruangchai, S.L. Song, H.S. Yong
Journal of Helminthology.2017; 91(6): 767. CrossRef
Cloning and expression analysis of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and its receptor, IL-1R2, in the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus
Q. Q. Xu, P. Xu, J. W. Zhou, T. S. Pan, R. Tuo, K. Ai, D. Q. Yang
Molecular Biology.2016; 50(5): 671. CrossRef
Antiviral genes in the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus: comparison of tissue expression and inducible expression of six interferon regulatory factors
Qiaoqing Xu, Jin Wan, Tingshuang Pan, Jingwen Zhou, Kete Ai, Daiqin Yang
Genes & Genomics.2015; 37(5): 429. CrossRef
Larval Gnathostoma spinigerum Detected in Asian Swamp Eels, Monopterus albus, Purchased from a Local Market in Yangon, Myanmar
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Bok Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(5): 619. CrossRef
Cutaneous Gnathostomiasis with Recurrent Migratory Nodule and Persistent Eosinophilia: a Case Report from China
Jing Cui, Ye Wang, Zhong Quan Wang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(4): 467. CrossRef

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Potential Correlation between Carboxylic Acid Metabolites in Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails after Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni Infection: Salwa M. F. Abou Elseoud, Nashwa S. Abdel Fattah, Hayam M. Ezz El Din, Hala Abdel Al, Hanan Mossalem, Noha Elleboudy; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):119-126.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.119

Abstract
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Carboxylic acids play an important role in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways of both the snail and the parasite. Monitoring the effects of infection by schistosome on Biomphalaria alexandrina carboxylic acids metabolic profiles represents a promising additional source of information about the state of metabolic system. We separated and quantified pyruvic, fumaric, malic, oxalic, and acetic acids using ion-suppression reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect correlations between these acids in both hemolymph and digestive gland gonad complex (DGG's) samples in a total of 300 B. alexandrina snails (150 infected and 150 controls) at different stages of infection. The results showed that the majority of metabolite pairs did not show significant correlations. However, some high correlations were found between the studied acids within the control group but not in other groups. More striking was the existence of reversed correlations between the same acids at different stages of infection. Some possible explanations of the underlying mechanisms were discussed. Ultimately, however, further data are required for resolving the responsible regulatory events. These findings highlight the potential of metabolomics as a novel approach for fundamental investigations of host-pathogen interactions as well as disease surveillance and control.

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Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Seasonal Abundance of Biting Midges, Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Collected at Cowsheds in the Southern Part of the Republic of Korea: Heung Chul Kim, Glenn A. Bellis, Myung-Soon Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Dong-Kyu Lee, Jee-Yong Park, Jung-Yong Yeh, Terry A. Klein; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):127-131.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.127

Abstract
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Black light traps were used to measure the seasonal and geographical distribution of Culicoides spp. (biting midges or no-see-ums) at 9 cowsheds in the southern half of the Republic of Korea (ROK) from June through October 2010. A total of 25,242 Culicoides females (24,852; 98.5%) and males (390; 1.5%) comprising of 9 species were collected. The most commonly collected species was Culicoides punctatus (73.0%) followed by C. arakawae (25.7%), while the remaining 7 species accounted for <1.0% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The mean number of Culicoides spp. collected per trap night (Trap Index [TI]) was highest for C. punctatus (409.3), followed by C. arakawae (144.2), C. tainanus (4.1), C. oxystoma (1.2), C. circumscriptus (0.7), C. homotomus (0.6), C. erairai (0.4), C. kibunensis (0.3), and C. nipponensis (0.04). Peak TIs were observed for C. punctatus (1,188.7) and C. arakawae (539.0) during July and August, respectively. C. punctatus and C. arakawae have been implicated in the transmission of arboviruses and other pathogens of veterinary importance that adversely impact on animal and bird husbandry.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 273. CrossRef
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Serological evidence of bluetongue virus infection and serotype distribution in dairy cattle in South Korea
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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AVIAN POXVIRUS IN THE ORIENTAL TURTLE DOVE (STREPTOPELIA ORIENTALIS) AND THE BITING MIDGE (CULICOIDES ARAKAWAE) IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Hae Rim Lee, Bon-Sang Koo, Jong-Taek Kim, Heung-Chul Kim, Myung-Soon Kim, Terry A. Klein, Man-Seok Shin, Sanghun Lee, Eun-Ok Jeon, Kyung-Cheol Min, Seung Baek Lee, Yeonji Bae, In-Pil Mo
Journal of Wildlife Diseases.2017; 53(4): 749. CrossRef
Prevalence of different species of Culicoides in Bangalore rural and urban districts of South India
M. Archana, Placid E. D’Souza, C. Renuka Prasad, S. M. Byregowda
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2016; 40(3): 591. CrossRef
First report of Bluetongue virus isolation in the Republic of Korea and analysis of the complete coding sequence of the segment 2 gene
Hyun-Ji Seo, Jee-Yong Park, Yun Sang Cho, In-Soo Cho, Jung-Yong Yeh
Virus Genes.2015; 50(1): 156. CrossRef
Species Diversity and Seasonal Distribution of <i>Culicoides</i> spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
Heung Chul Kim, Glenn A. Bellis, Myung-Soon Kim, Terry A. Klein, David Gopurenko, Du-Cheng Cai, Hyun-Ji Seo, In-Soo Cho, Jee-Yong Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 501. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of five arboviruses in sentinel cattle as part of nationwide surveillance in South Korea, 2009−2012
Yeon-Hee KIM, Jae-Ku OEM, Eun-Yong LEE, Koung-Ki LEE, Seong-Hee KIM, Myoung-Heon LEE, Se Chang PARK
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2015; 77(2): 247. CrossRef
Seasonal Abundance of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Collected by Mosquito Magnet® in Northern Gyeonggi-do (Province), Korea
Heung Chul Kim, Glenn A. Bellis, Myung-Soon Kim, Terry A. Klein, Sung-Tae Chong, Jee-Yong Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(1): 57. CrossRef

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Case Reports

Visceral Leishmaniasis Mimicking Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Overlap: Ozlem Guzel Tunccan, Abdurrahman Tufan, G?l?in Telli, Nalan Aky?rek, Merve Pamuk?uo?lu, G?ldal Yılmaz, Kenan Hızel; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):133-136.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.133

Abstract
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening infection caused by Leishmania species. In addition to typical clinical findings as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cachexia, VL is associated with autoimmune phenomena. To date, VL mimicking or exacerbating various autoimmune diseases have been described, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Herein, we presented a patient with VL who had overlapping clinical features with SLE, AIH, as well as antimitochondrial antibody (AMA-M2) positive primary biliary cirrhosis.

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Daniel Cuestas, Yency Forero, Ingrid Galvis, Elkin Peñaranda, Carolina Cortes, Adriana Motta, Sergio Mora, Carlos Pérez, Oscar Velasquez, José Puentes
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Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods: Nguyen Van De, Thanh Hoa Le, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):137-141.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.137

Abstract
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From 2006 to 2010, hospitals in Hanoi treated 10 human patients for dirofilariasis. The worms were collected from parasitic places, and identification of the species was completed by morphology and molecular methods. Ten parasites were recovered either from the conjunctiva (n=9) or subcutaneous tissue (n=1). The parasites were 4.0-12.5 cm in length and 0.5-0.6 mm in width. Morphological observations suggested all parasites as Dirofilaria repens. Three of the 10 parasites (1 from subcutaneous tissue and 2 from eyes) were used for molecular confirmation of the species identification. A portion of the mitochondrial cox1 (461 bp) was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 95% and 99-100%, respectively, when compared with D. repens (Italian origin, GenBank AJ271614; DQ358814). This is the first report of eye dirofilariasis and the second report of subcutaneous tissue dirofilariasis due to D. repens in Vietnam.

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Subconjunctival Granuloma Caused by Dirofilaria repens in an Indoor Dog From Thailand: A Case Report and Mitochondrial Genome Analysis
Natthanet Sritrakoon, Pongpun Sawatwong, Kannika Siripattarapravat, Duangkamon Siludjai, Famui Mueanpai, Peera Hemarajata, Sutawee Suksin, Wissanuwat Chimnoi, Nutsuda Klinkaew, Burin Nimsuphan
Veterinary Ophthalmology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Zoonotic Dirofilaria sp. “hongkongensis” in subcutaneous nodules from dogs and cats, Hong Kong SAR
Thamali Manathunga, May Tse, Livia Perles, Frederic Beugnet, Vanessa Barrs, Domenico Otranto
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Distribution of dirofilariasis in Omsk region
T. S. Ryazanova, A. V. Sverdlova, O. Yu. Starostina, A. A. Nikitin, N. Yu. Grigorova, Yu. V. Kochetkov
Acta Biomedica Scientifica.2022; 7(3): 277. CrossRef
Canine and feline vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern in Southeast Asia
Viet-Linh Nguyen, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2021; 1: 100001. CrossRef
High genetic diversity in theDirofilaria repensspecies complex revealed by mitochondrial genomes of feline microfilaria samples from Narathiwat, Thailand
Esra Yilmaz, Sirichit Wongkamchai, Sabrina Ramünke, Georgios D. Koutsovoulos, Mark L. Blaxter, Sven Poppert, Roland Schaper, Georg von Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Jürgen Krücken
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2019; 66(1): 389. CrossRef
Subcutaneous dirofilariasis of the groin in a male due to Dirofilaria repens
P. Xaplanteri, P. Patrikakos, F. Kolonitsiou, N. Zacharis, C. Potsios, M. Marangos, G. Zacharis
Hellenic Journal of Surgery.2017; 89(3-4): 178. CrossRef
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Najuma Nazar, Bindu Lakshmanan, K.K. Jayavardhanan
Indian Journal of Medical Research.2017; 146(4): 528. CrossRef
First Molecular Identification of Dirofilaria repens in a Dog Blood Sample from Guanajuato, Mexico
Sandra Ramos-Lopez, Ma. Fabiola León-Galván, Mariana Salas-Alatorre, Alma A. Lechuga-Arana, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas, Abner J. Gutiérrez-Chávez
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2016; 16(11): 734. CrossRef
Nódulo subcutáneo paraciliar de origen infrecuente
Frederic Gómez-Bertomeu, Antoni Raventós-Estellé, Domingo Bofill-Montoro, Eva González-Carballo
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica.2015; 33(4): 268. CrossRef
A Rare Human Case of <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> Infection in the Subcutaneous Posterior Thorax with Molecular Identification
Tran Anh Le, Thuat Thang Vi, Khac Luc Nguyen, Thanh Hoa Le
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The First Human Case of Thelazia callipaeda Infection in Vietnam
Nguyen Van De, Thanh Hoa Le, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 221. CrossRef

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Four Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium latum Infection: Hee-Jung Choi, Junghye Lee, Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):143-146.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.143

Abstract
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Diphyllobothrium latum infections in 4 young Korean men detected from 2008 to 2012 are presented. Three were diagnosed based on spontaneously discharged strobila of the adult worm in their feces, and 1 case was diagnosed by finding the worm at colonoscopy examination in a local clinic. The morphologic characteristics of the gravid proglottid and eggs were consistent with D. latum. All patients were treated with praziquantel 15 mg/kg, and follow-up stool examinations were done at 2 months after the medication. The main clinical complaints were intermittent gastrointestinal troubles such as indigestion, abdominal distension, and spontaneous discharge of tapeworm's segments in their feces. The most probable source of infection was the flesh of salmon or trout according to a patient's past history. These are the 45th to 48th recorded cases diagnosed by the adult worm in the Republic of Korea since 1971.

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Epidemiological studies of Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Digenea: Trematoda) infecting freshwater catfish Wallago attu in the Aligarh region of Uttar Pradesh
Anam Sahreen, Mohammad Khalid Saifullah
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2024; 48(3): 642. CrossRef
Presentación inusual de Diphyllobothrium pacificum: un caso de ileítis simulando linfoma
Siomara Aransuzú Chávez-Sánchez, David Rafael Guevara-Lazo, Álvaro Bellido-Caparó, José Luis Pinto-Valdivia
Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú.2024; 44(3): 288. CrossRef
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Jeffrey M. Perera, Claire Gurtler, Amber N. Barnes
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A comparison of ancient parasites as seen from archeological contexts and early medical texts in China
Hui-Yuan Yeh, Xiaoya Zhan, Wuyun Qi
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Repertory of eukaryotes (eukaryome) in the human gastrointestinal tract: taxonomy and detection methods
I. Hamad, D. Raoult, F. Bittar
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Fish-borne, zoonotic cestodes (Diphyllobothrium and relatives) in cold climates: A never-ending story of neglected and (re)-emergent parasites
Tom?? Scholz, Roman Kuchta
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Diphyllobothrium latuminfection in a child with recurrent abdominal pain
Seung Hyun Lee, Hyun Park, Seung Taek Yu
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2015; 58(11): 451. CrossRef
Two Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Korea
Su-Min Song, Hye-Won Yang, Min Kyu Jung, Jun Heo, Chang Min Cho, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 197. CrossRef
Three Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Korea
Hong-Ja Kim, Keeseon S. Eom, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 673. CrossRef
A Case of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection as Confirmed by Mitochondrial COX1 Gene Sequence Analysis
Sang Hyun Park, Keeseon S. Eom, Min Sun Park, Oh Kyoung Kwon, Hyo Sun Kim, Jai Hoon Yoon
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(4): 471. CrossRef
Clinical Update on Parasitic Diseases
Min Seo
Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 85(5): 469. CrossRef
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Laboratory Medicine.2013; 44(4): e124. CrossRef

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Two Cases of Primary Splenic Hydatid Cyst in Greece: Antonios Vezakis, Dionysios Dellaportas, George Polymeneas, Marios Konstantinos Tasoulis, Constantinos Chondrogiannis, Aikaterini Melemeni, Andreas Polydorou, George Panagiotis Fragulidis; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):147-150.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.147

Abstract
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Cystic disease of the spleen is an uncommon entity in general population. Most cases result from parasitic infection by Echinococcus granulosus, a form called splenic hydatid disease (SHD), with a reported frequency of 0.5-6.0% within abdominal hydatidosis. On the contrary, an isolated splenic involvement of hydatid disease is very uncommon even in endemic regions. Two cases of primary SHD managed with open and laparoscopic radical surgery in our department are reported herein. Primary SHD is a rare entity with non-specific symptoms underlying clinical suspicion by the physician for prompt diagnosis. Surgical treatment is the mainstay therapy, while laparoscopic approach when feasible is safe, offering the advantages of laparoscopic surgery.

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An Outbreak of Caparinia tripilis in a Colony of African Pygmy Hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) from Korea: Da-Hee Kim, Dae-Sung Oh, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):151-156.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.151

Abstract
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In February 2010, dermatitis characterized by scale and self-trauma due to puritis was recognized in a group of 22 four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris Wagner, 1841) from a local pet shop in Gwangju, Korea. Microscopic examinations of skin scraping samples showed numerous mites of all developmental stages. Morphologically, pedicels of adult mites were short and unjointed. Tarsal caruncles were bell-shaped on all legs of males while they were absent on legs III and IV of females. Three long setae on the third pair of legs in both sexes were present. Adult males had posterior end of the abdomen with trilobate projection on each side, each lobe with a long seta. Based on these features, the mites were identified as Caparinia tripilis. This is the first report of caparinic mite infestation in hedgehogs from Korea. Identification keys for the family Psoroptidae and the genus Caparinia are provided.

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Brief Communications

PCR for Diagnosis of Male Trichomonas vaginalis Infection with Chronic Prostatitis and Urethritis: Jong Jin Lee, Hong Sang Moon, Tchun Yong Lee, Hwan Sik Hwang, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):157-159.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.157

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among male patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis and urethritis. Between June 2001 and December 2003, a total of 33 patients visited the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital and were examined for T. vaginalis infection by PCR and culture in TYM medium. For the PCR, we used primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650). Voided bladder urine (VB1 and VB3) was sampled from 33 men with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (urethral charge, residual urine sensation, and frequency). Culture failed to detect any T. vaginalis infection whereas PCR identified 7 cases of trichomoniasis (21.2%). Five of the 7 cases had been diagnosed with prostatitis and 2 with urethritis. PCR for the 5 prostatitis cases yielded a positive 330 bp band from bothVB1 and VB3, whereas positive results were only obtained from VB1 for the 2 urethritis patients. We showed that the PCR method could detect T. vaginalis when there was only 1 T. vaginalis cell per PCR mixture. Our results strongly support the usefulness of PCR on urine samples for detecting T. vaginalis in chronic prostatitis and urethritis patients.

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Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Wanxin Sheng, Xihui Gao, Weijuan Wang, Zhili Chu, Xuefang Mei, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Zhenchao Zhang
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Francisco Arvelo, Felipe Sojo, Carlos Cotte
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IL-6 produced by prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis promotes proliferation of prostate cancer cells by inducing M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages
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Ki‐Seok Jang, Ik‐Hwan Han, Seung‐Ju Lee, Jin Yoo, Ye‐Seul Kim, Seobo Sim, Jae‐Sook Ryu
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Comparison of Two PCR Assays for Trichomonas vaginalis
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 27. CrossRef
Inflammatory mediators of prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis promote proliferative and invasive properties of prostate cancer cells
Ik‐Hwan Han, Jung‐Hyun Kim, Ki‐Seok Jang, Jae‐Sook Ryu
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Collins Adjei, Richard Boateng, Albert Dompreh, Bismark Okyere, Eddie-Williams Owiredu
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Richard Harry Asmah, Rita Ofosuaa Agyeman, Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Harriet Blankson, Georgina Awuah-Mensah, Momodou Cham, Listowell Asare, Patrick Ferdinand Ayeh-Kumi
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Interaction between Trichomonas vaginalis and the Prostate Epithelium
Jung-Hyun Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Sang-Su Kim, Soon-Jung Park, Duk-Young Min, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(2): 213. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis induces IL‐1β production in a human prostate epithelial cell line by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species and potassium ion efflux
Na‐Yeong Gu, Jung‐Hyun Kim, Ik‐Hwan Han, Su‐Jeong Im, Min‐Young Seo, Yong‐Hoon Chung, Jae‐Sook Ryu
The Prostate.2016; 76(10): 885. CrossRef
Inflammatory response of a prostate stromal cell line induced by Trichomonas vaginalis
S. J. Im, I. H. Han, J. H. Kim, N. Y. Gu, M. Y. Seo, Y. H. Chung, J. S. Ryu
Parasite Immunology.2016; 38(4): 218. CrossRef
Prevalence of Trichomoniasis by PCR in Women Attending Health Screening in Korea
Seung-Ryong Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Na-Yeong Gu, Yong-Suk Kim, Yeon-Chul Hong, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 187. CrossRef
Inflammatory Responses in a Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Line (BPH-1) Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis
Sang-Su Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 123. CrossRef
Proliferation of Prostate Stromal Cell Induced by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Stimulated WithTrichomonas vaginalisvia Crosstalk With Mast Cell
Jung-Hyun Kim, Sang-Su Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Seobo Sim, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Prostate.2016; 76(15): 1431. CrossRef
Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in prostate tissue and serostatus in patients with asymptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia
Jamshaid Iqbal, Jumanah Al-Rashed, Elijah O. Kehinde
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Signalling pathways associated with IL‐6 production and epithelial–mesenchymal transition induction in prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis
I. H. Han, J. H. Kim, S. S. Kim, M. H. Ahn, J. S. Ryu
Parasite Immunology.2016; 38(11): 678. CrossRef
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Mario Sviben, Emilija Mlinarić Missoni, Tomislav Meštrović, Gordana Vojnović, Gordana Mlinarić Galinović
Sexually Transmitted Infections.2015; 91(5): 360. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis: Clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis
Thomas Edwards, Patricia Burke, Helen Smalley, Glyn Hobbs
Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2014; : 1. CrossRef
Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis
Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61. CrossRef
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis by PCR in Men Attending a Primary Care Urology Clinic in South Korea
Jun-Hyeok Seo, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Yu-Ran Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Eun Sang Yoo, Won Kee Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(5): 551. CrossRef
Inflammatory response of prostate epithelial cells to stimulation by Trichomonas vaginalis
Min‐Young Seo, Su‐Jeong Im, Na‐Young Gu, Jung‐Hyun Kim, Yong‐Hoon Chung, Myoung‐Hee Ahn, Jae‐Sook Ryu
The Prostate.2014; 74(4): 441. CrossRef
Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis
Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(4): 479. CrossRef
A Survey Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Unmarried Male Referred to Farmanfarmaean Clinic
Zarrintaj Valadkhani, Nayrreh Hassan, Zohreh Aghighi
Scimetr.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

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Efficacy of Ronidazole for Treatment of Cats Experimentally Infected with a Korean Isolate of Tritrichomonas foetus: Sun Lim, Sang-Ik Park, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Dae-Sung Oh, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):161-164.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.161

Abstract
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To evaluate the efficacy of ronidazole for treatment of Tritrichomonas foetus infection, 6 Tritrichomonas-free kittens were experimentally infected with a Korean isolate of T. foetus. The experimental infection was confirmed by direct microscopy, culture, and single-tube nested PCR, and all cats demonstrated trophozoites of T. foetus by day 20 post-infection in the feces. From day 30 after the experimentally induced infection, 3 cats were treated with ronidazole (50 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days) and 3 other cats received placebo. Feces from each cat were tested for the presence of T. foetus by direct smear and culture of rectal swab samples using modified Diamond's medium once a week for 4 weeks. To confirm the culture results, the presence of T. foetus rRNA gene was determined by single-tube nested PCR assay. All 3 cats in the treatment group receiving ronidazole showed negative results for T. foetus infection during 2 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks follow-up by all detection methods used in this study. In contrast, rectal swab samples from cats in the control group were positive for T. foetus continuously throughout the study. The present study indicates that ronidazole is also effective to treat cats infected experimentally with a Korean isolate of T. foetus at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days.

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Metabarcoding of pathogenic parasites based on copro-DNA analysis of wild animals in South Korea
Jun Ho Choi, Soo Lim Kim, Dong Kyun Yoo, Myung-hee Yi, Singeun Oh, Myungjun Kim, Sohyeon Yun, Tai-Soon Yong, Seongjun Choe, Jong Koo Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
Heliyon.2024; 10(9): e30059. CrossRef
Efficacy of guar gum-based ronidazole capsules as a treatment for Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats
Aurélien Grellet, Seyf Eddine Makhlouf, Loic Desquilbet, Fani Hovhannessian, Cassandre Boogaerts, Vanessa Dore, Myriam Anthony, Bernadette Espana, Caroline Prouillac, Plamen Kirilov, Bruno Polack, Sébastien Perrot
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Jody L Gookin, Katherine Hanrahan, Michael G Levy
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Expression and Characterization of α-Methylacyl CoA Racemase from Anisakis simplex Larvae: Bong Jin Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Min Kyung Cho, Hak Sun Yu, Yong Seok Lee, Hee Jae Cha, Meesun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):165-171.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.165

Abstract
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Larval excretory-secretory products of Anisakis simplex are known to cause allergic reactions in humans. A cDNA library of A. simplex 3rd-stage larvae (L3) was immunoscreened with polyclonal rabbit serum raised against A. simplex L3 excretory-secretory products to identify an antigen that elicits the immune response. One cDNA clone, designated as α-methylacyl CoA racemase (Amacr) contained a 1,412 bp cDNA transcript with a single open reading frame that encoded 418 amino acids. A. simplex Amacr showed a high degree of homology compared to Amacr orthologs from other species. Amacr mRNA was highly and constitutively expressed regardless of temperature (10-40℃) and time (24-48 hr). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Amacr was expressed mainly in the ventriculus of A. simplex larvae. The Amacr protein produced in large quantities from the ventriculus is probably responsible for many functions in the development and growth of A. simplex larvae.

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X.L. Shi, Y.Q. Fu, A.Y. Abdullahi, M.W. Wang, F. Yang, X.G. Yu, W.D. Pan, X.X. Yan, J.X. Hang, P. Zhang, G.Q. Li
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Matthew D. Lloyd, Maksims Yevglevskis, Guat Ling Lee, Pauline J. Wood, Michael D. Threadgill, Timothy J. Woodman
Progress in Lipid Research.2013; 52(2): 220. CrossRef

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High Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini Infection in a Riparian Population in Takeo Province, Cambodia: Tai-Soon Yong, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Dong-Min Lee, Keunhee Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Yoon-Hee Lee, Hyun-Ju Woo, Ji-Hwa Lee, Sin-Il Kang, Jae-Ku Cha, Keon-Hoon Lee, Cheong-Ha Yoon, Muth Sinuon, Duong Socheat; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):173-176.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.173

Abstract
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Opisthorchis viverrini infection was found to be highly prevalent in 3 riverside villages (Ang Svay Chek A, B, and C) of the Prey Kabas District, Takeo Province. This area is located in the southern part of Cambodia, where the recovery of adult O. viverrini worms was recently reported. From May 2006 until May 2010, fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1,799 villagers using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. In the 3 villages, the overall positive rate for helminth eggs ranged from 51.7 to 59.0% (av. 57.4%), and the percentage positive for O. viverrini was 46.4-50.6% (47.5%). Other helminths detected included hookworms (13.2%), echinostomes (2.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.6%), and Taenia spp. (0.06%). The prevalence of O. viverrini eggs appeared to reflect a lower infection in younger individuals (<20 years) than in the adult population (>20 years). Men (50.4%) revealed a significantly higher (P=0.02) prevalence than women (44.3%). The Ang Svay Chek villages of the Prey Kabas District, Takeo Province, Cambodia have been confirmed to be a highly endemic area for human O. viverrini infection.

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Thanh Thi Ha Dao, Tuan Van Bui, Emmanuel Nji Abatih, Sarah Gabriël, Thanh Thi Giang Nguyen, Quang Hong Huynh, Chuong Van Nguyen, Pierre Dorny
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Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Cheong-Ha Yoon, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Duong Socheat
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Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in the Republic of Korea and Its Surface Ultrastructure: Eun-Taek Han, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):177-180.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.177

Abstract
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Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) was detected from a brackish water gastropod species (Cerithideopsilla cingulata) in a coatal area of Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), the Republic of Korea, and its surface ultrastructure was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The cercariae were found freely swimming or enveloped within daughter sporocysts when the snail host was mechanically broken. They were morphologically characterized by a linguiform and ventrally concave body, a long and bifurcated tail, and the presence of a holdfast (=tribocytic) organ posterior to the ventral sucker. On the whole ventral and dorsal surfaces, peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed. Around the oral sucker, several sensory papillae, each with a short cilium, were distributed, and on the tail, sensory papillae, each with an extensively long cilium, were observed. This is the first record describing a cyathocotylid cercaria from a brackish water gastropod in the Republic of Korea.

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A preliminary study on some larval trematodes parasites of marine snail Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) in Al- faw Bay, South of Iraq

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).2020; : 464. CrossRef

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Electron Microscopy of the Separated Outer Tegument of the Sparganum and Its Antigenicity: Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):181-183.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.181

Abstract
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The author reported previously on separation of the outer tegument of the spargana (plerocercoids of Spirometra mansoni) using high concentration of urea solution. To determine which layer of the tegument is separated by this method, an electron microscopic analysis has been processed in this study. It was confirmed that the basement layer of the tegument is separated from the parenchyme of the sparganum. In addition, the antigenicity of the separated outer tegument against the human sparganosis patient sera was evaluated. Numerous antigenic proteins, including 16 and 55 kDa proteins, were noticed in the separated tegument; however, there were no diagnostic 31/36 kDa molecules in this tegument. The molecules reactive with the patient sera in the tegument are to be characterized in future studies.