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"Larva migrans"

Brief Communication

Organ-specific Toxocara canis larvae migration and host immune response in experimentally infected mice
Min Seok Kim, Yan Jin, Se Joon Woo
Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(2):243-250.
Published online May 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23125
We investigated organ specific Toxocara canis larval migration in mice infected with T. canis larvae. We observed the worm burden and systemic immune responses. Three groups of BALB/c mice (n=5 each) were orally administered 1,000 T. canis 2nd stage larvae to induce larva migrans. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 weeks post-infection. Liver, lung, brain, and eye tissues were collected. Tissue from 2 mice per group was digested for larval count, while the remaining 3 mice underwent histological analysis. Blood hematology and serology were evaluated and compared to that in a control uninfected group (n=5) to assess the immune response. Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were also analyzed. We found that, 1 week post-infection, the mean parasite load in the liver (72±7.1), brain (31±4.2), lungs (20±5.7), and eyes (2±0) peaked and stayed constant until the 3 weeks. By 5-week post-infection, the worm burden in the liver and lungs significantly decreased to 10±4.2 and 9±5.7, respectively, while they remained relatively stable in the brain and eyes (18±4.2 and 1±0, respectively). Interestingly, ocular larvae resided in all retinal layers, without notable inflammation in outer retina. Mice infected with T. canis exhibited elevated levels of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E. At 5 weeks post-infection, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels were elevated in BAL fluid. Whereas IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and interferon-γ levels in BAL fluid were similar to that in controls. Our findings demonstrate that a small portion of T. canis larvae migrate to the eyes and brain within the first week of infection. Minimal tissue inflammation was observed, probably due to increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study contributes to our understanding of the histological and immunological responses to T. canis infection in mice, which may have implications to further understand human toxocariasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Toxocara canis infections in mice: from subtle to severe consequences in 100 weeks
    Nicol Bernardová, Jan Novák, Chia-Kwung Fan, Libuše Kolářová, Marta Chanová
    Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The association of seropositivity to Toxocara canis and Ascaris lumbricoides with blood group antigens
    Kravchun Pavlo Grigorovich, Leontyeva Frida Solomonivna, Povelichenko Olena Dmytrivna, Kadykova Olga Igorivna, Valentyna Dielievska
    Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Toxocara canis induced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice
    Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak, Justyna Karabowicz, Magdalena Paschall, Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Piotr Bąska, Irma Schabussova, Ewa Długosz
    Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Toxocara canis infection in a murine model of thioacetamide-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis
    Iman F. Abou-El-Naga, Eman Dorry Elkerdany, Rania G. Aly, Enas Mohamed Mostafa Zaytoun
    Acta Tropica.2025; 272: 107913.     CrossRef
  • 5,131 View
  • 87 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara tanuki (Nematoda: Ascaridae) from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis
Umanets Alexander, Chae-Wong Lim, Bumseok Kim, Eui-Ju Hong, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bae-Keun Park
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):567-575.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.567
Present study was performed to describe the morphological and molecular characterization of Toxocara tanuki (Nematoda: Ascaridae) from Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, naturally infected in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Juvenile and adult worms of T. tanuki were recovered in 5 out of 10 raccoon dogs examined and the larval worms were detected in 15 out of 20 muscle samples (75%). Small lateral alae were observed on the cranial end of the body in male and female adults and 2 long spicules (3.0-3.5 mm) were characteristically observed in the posterior end of males. In SEM observation, 18 pairs of proximal precloacal, a precloacal median, a postcloacal median and 5 pairs of postcloacal papillae were uniquely revealed in the posterior portion of males, but the proximal papillae were not shown in the lateral ends of females. Molecular analysis on the 18S rRNA partial DNA sequences was revealed the same finding in both samples, adult worms and muscle larvae, which are closely related to T. tanuki. In conclusion, it was confirmed for the first time that T. tanuki is indigenously distributed, the Korean raccoon dog is acted as the natural definitive host of this nematode in Korea and the morphological characteristics of T. tanuki were shown in specific structure for single postcloacal median papilla in male.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Metabarcoding of pathogenic parasites based on copro-DNA analysis of wild animals in South Korea
    Jun Ho Choi, Soo Lim Kim, Dong Kyun Yoo, Myung-hee Yi, Singeun Oh, Myungjun Kim, Sohyeon Yun, Tai-Soon Yong, Seongjun Choe, Jong Koo Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
    Heliyon.2024; 10(9): e30059.     CrossRef
  • Toxocara tanuki larval distribution in mice and the infectivity of tissue larvae
    Natsuki Okada, Hong-Kean Ooi, Kensuke Taira
    Parasitology Research.2023; 122(6): 1327.     CrossRef
  • Detection of larvae of Toxocara cati and T. tanuki from the muscles of free-ranging layer farm chickens
    Natsuki Okada, Hong-Kean Ooi, Kensuke Taira
    Parasitology Research.2021; 120(5): 1737.     CrossRef
  • Leptospiral meningoencephalitis in a raccoon dog
    Risako Yamashita, Toshinori Yoshida, Mio Kobayashi, Suzuka Uomoto, Saori Shimizu, Keisuke Takesue, Natsuno Maeda, Erika Hara, Kanami Ohshima, Wen Zeng, Yasunori Takahashi, Aoi Ikeuchi, Emi Okamoto, Takutoshi Sugiyama, Hiroki Nagakubo, Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
    Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation.2021; 33(6): 1137.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea
    Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 403.     CrossRef
  • 11,385 View
  • 161 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Alteration of Cytokine Production during Visceral Larva Migrans by Toxascaris leonina in Mice
Shin Ae Kang, Mi-Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):583-588.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.583

To determine alteration of immune responses during visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Toxascaris leonina at several time points, we experimentally infected mice with embryonated eggs of T. leonina and measured T-helper (Th) cell-related serial cytokine production after infection. At day 5 post infection (PI), most larvae were detected from the lungs, spleen, intestine, and muscle. Expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL11 (eotaxin) showed a significant increase in most infected organs, except the intestine. However, expression of the CXCL1 (Gro-α) gene was most highly enhanced in the intestine at day 14 PI. Th1-related cytokine secretion of splenocytes showed increases at day 28 PI, and the level showed a decrease at day 42 PI. Th2-related cytokine secretion of splenocytes also showed an increase after infection; in particular, IL-5 level showed a significant increase at day 14 PI, and the level showed a decrease at day 28 PI. However, levels of Th17-related cytokines, IL-6 and IL-17A, showed gradual increases until day 42 PI. In conclusion, Th1, Th2, and Th17-related cytokine production might be important in immune responses against T. leonina VLM in experimental mice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Histopathological lesions caused by experimental Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in farm mink (Neovison vison)
    Maciej Klockiewicz, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Tadeusz Jakubowski, Ewa Długosz
    Journal of Veterinary Research.2019; 63(2): 205.     CrossRef
  • Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison)
    Maciej Klockiewicz, Tadeusz Jakubowski, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Justyna Bartosik, Ewa Długosz
    Journal of Veterinary Research.2019; 63(2): 197.     CrossRef
  • 8,617 View
  • 88 Download
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Transmission of Toxocara canis via Ingestion of Raw Cow Liver: A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Adults
Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Dong-Chull Choi, Kyung Soo Lee, Seung Woon Paik, Sun-Hee Kim, Yoon-Ho Choi, Sun Huh
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):23-27.
Published online March 6, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.23

The aim of this study is to ascertain the relationship between ingestion of raw cow liver and Toxocara canis infection. A total of 150 apparently healthy adults were divided into 2 groups; 1 group consisted of 86 adults with positive results of Toxocara ELISA, and the other group of 64 adults with negative results. One researcher collected the history of ingestion of raw cow liver within 1 year and recent history of keeping dogs. Among 86 seropositive adults for T. canis, 68 (79.1%) had a recent history of ingestion of raw cow liver. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that a recent ingestion of raw cow liver and keeping dogs were related to an increased risk of toxocariasis (odds ratios, 4.4 and 3.7; and 95% confidence intervals, 1.9-10.2 and 1.2-11.6, respectively). A recent history of ingestion of raw cow liver and keeping dogs was significantly associated with toxocariasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The association between Parkinson disease and Toxocara infection/exposure: A case-control study
    A. Alizadeh Khatir, A. Abbasi, S. Sarandili, M. Sepidarkish, A. Fazlollahpour-Naghibi, D. Arjmandi, A. Rostami
    Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxocariasis among General Population in Southwest Iran: Implications on the One Health Approach
    Masoud Foroutan, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Shahrzad Soltani, Naser Kamyari, Ehsan Moradi-Joo, Jean-Francois Magnaval, Milad Badri, Rahul Shivahare
    Journal of Immunology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence, Infection, and Risk to Human Beings of Toxocara canis in Domestic Food-Producing Animals
    Jingyun Xu, Qian Han
    Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(2): 83.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge and risky behaviors of Kabul city butchers regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
    Assadullah Samadi, Mohammad Asif Safi
    CABI One Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding the research and practical needs required to control toxocariasis in Iran
    Mohammad Ebrahimipour, Hamid Parsa, Nazanin Kianifard, Saeid Nasibi, Ali Rostami
    Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2024; 25: e00351.     CrossRef
  • Unveiling Novel Insights in Helminth Proteomics: Advancements, Applications, and Implications for Parasitology and Beyond
    Nooshinmehr Soleymani, Soheil Sadr, Cinzia Santucciu, Shiva Dianaty, Narges Lotfalizadeh, Ashkan Hajjafari, Fatemeh Heshmati, Hassan Borji
    Biologics.2024; 4(3): 314.     CrossRef
  • Deglycosylation of Excretory-Secretory Antigens of the Second-Stage Larvae of Toxocara cati Improves Its Efficacy in the Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis
    Ali Pouryousef, Bahador Sarkari, Amir Mootabi Alavi, Mostafa Omidian, Fattaneh Mikaeili, Maoshui Wang
    Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Who Let the Dogs Out? Unmasking the Neglected: A Semi-Systematic Review on the Enduring Impact of Toxocariasis, a Prevalent Zoonotic Infection
    Katrin Henke, Sotirios Ntovas, Eleni Xourgia, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler, Mairi Ziaka
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(21): 6972.     CrossRef
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    Luca Massetti, Anke Wiethoelter, Phillip McDonagh, Louise Rae, Lara Marwedel, Frederic Beugnet, Vito Colella, Rebecca J. Traub
    International Journal for Parasitology.2022; 52(10): 637.     CrossRef
  • Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies in people experiencing homelessness and shelter workers from São Paulo, Brazil
    Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Anahi Chechia do Couto, Susana Zevallos Lescano, William Henry Roldán, Ruana Renostro Delai, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Alexander Welker Biondo, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Andrea Pires dos Santos
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    Advanced Biomedical Research.2022; 11(1): 72.     CrossRef
  • Cerebral Toxocara canis larval infection presenting as delayed encephalopathy and nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a case report
    Jung-Ju Lee, Kyusik Kang, Woong-Woo Lee, Byung-Kun Kim, Jong-Moo Park, Ohyun Kwon, Soohyun Cho
    encephalitis.2021; 1(2): 51.     CrossRef
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    Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sunghee Park, Jiwon Jung, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Min Jae Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 227.     CrossRef
  • Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara antibodies and risk factors in adolescent and adult pregnant women of southeastern Brazil
    Priscila de Oliveira Azevedo, Susana Zevallos Lescano, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Andrea Pires dos Santos, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Alexander Welker Biondo, Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Christine A. Petersen
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(8): e0009571.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of canine, feline and humanToxocarainfections in sub-Saharan Africa
    A.O. Omonijo, C. Kalinda, S. Mukaratirwa
    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Establishment of a serodiagnosis system for the detection of Toxocara spp. and Ascaris suum infection in chickens
    Yen Thi Hoang Nguyen, Yayoi Hayata, Shino Sonoda, Nariaki Nonaka, Haruhiko Maruyama, Ayako Yoshida
    Parasitology International.2020; 75: 102022.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxocariasis among nomads in Boyer-Ahmad County, southwest Iran
    Nasir Arefkhah, Mohammad Reza Shadzi, Fattaneh Mikaeili, Bahador Sarkari, Farideh Esfandiari, Fatemeh Goudarzi
    Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(5): 372.     CrossRef
  • High seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a university hospital in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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    Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(4): 301.     CrossRef
  • Seroepidemiology of human toxocariasis in selected population groups in Slovakia: A cross-sectional study
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    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2020; 13(8): 1107.     CrossRef
  • Quantification of Toxocara canis DNA by qPCR in mice inoculated with different infective doses
    Micaele Quintana de Moura, Wesley Douglas da Silva Terto, Luciana Farias da Costa Avila, Vinicius Farias Campos, William Borges Domingues, Natália Berne Pinheiro, Gabriela de Almeida Capella, Adriane Leites Strothmann, Carlos James Scaini, Maria Elisabeth
    Parasitology International.2020; 78: 102134.     CrossRef
  • Toxocara canis infection may impair bovine herpesvirus type 5 immunization
    Y.A. Menegon, N.B. Pinheiro, L.M. Santos, P.R.C. Rodrigues, L.F.C. Avila, F.R. Conceição, F.P.L. Leite
    Research in Veterinary Science.2020; 132: 268.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Eosinophilia in Korea
    Hyun Beom Song, Deokho Lee, Yan Jin, Jinwoo Kang, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Min Sun Park, Jin-Ho Park, Woo-Jung Song, Hye-Ryun Kang, Sang Hyub Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Min-Ho Choi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 413.     CrossRef
  • Molecular characterization ofToxocaraspp. eggs isolated from public parks and playgrounds in Shiraz, Iran
    M. Choobineh, F. Mikaeili, S.M. Sadjjadi, S. Ebrahimi, S. Iranmanesh
    Journal of Helminthology.2019; 93(3): 306.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study
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    Gut and Liver.2019; 13(2): 183.     CrossRef
  • Prognosis for ocular toxocariasis according to granuloma location
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    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(8): e0202904.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Hee Kwon
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    Clinical Radiology.2014; 69(6): e285.     CrossRef
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(5): 537.     CrossRef
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    BMC Infectious Diseases.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Characterization of a Toxocara canis species-specific excretory-secretory antigen (TcES-57) and development of a double sandwich ELISA for diagnosis of visceral larva migrans
R.D. Iddawela, R.P.V.J. Rajapakse, N.A.N.D. Perera, Takeshi Agatsuma
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):19-26.
Published online March 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.19

This study describes the isolation of a Toxocara canis species-specific excretory-secretory (ES) antigen and the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on this antigen. Analysis of the ES antigens of T. canis, Toxocara vitulorum, Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus larval antigen was performed by SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting. A 57 kDa T. canis-specific antibody fraction (TcES-57) was identified by western blotting and labelling with anti-Toxocara antibodies (from experimental rabbits and human patients) and tracing with anti-human or anti-rabbit peroxidase conjugate. No protein fraction of 57 kDa was detected in ES or larval antigens collected from T. canis, T. vitulorum, A. lumbricoides and N. americanus. Using TcES-57, a specific anti-serum was produced in rabbits and a double sandwich ELISA was developed. This test was validated using known seropositive sera from toxocariasis patients, sera from A. lumbricoides or N. americanus patients, and 50 serum samples from cats. These tests revealed that TcES-57 antigen is specific to T. canis infection and does not cross react with sera of other related infections. Thus, ELISA based on TcES-57 antigen was proven to be an effective tool in the diagnosis of toxocariasis and studies on the role of T. canis in the epidemiology of human toxocariasis.

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  • Development of a highly sensitive IgG-ELISA based on recombinant arginine kinase of Toxocara canis for serodiagnosis of visceral larva migrans in the murine model
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Case Reports

Three clinical cases of cutaneous larva migrans
Tae-Heung Kim, Byeung-Song Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):145-149.
Published online June 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.145

Three cases of cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) were diagnosed in a returnee from a trip to Thailand and in 2 domestic farmers during July and September, 2003. The linear and serpiginous skin lesions on the lower extremities were presented in all 3 cases. Routine laboratory findings were normal. In the imported case, a 650 × 30 ?m sized filariform nematode larva, presumably a species of hookworm, was detected in the lesion. All cases were treated with 400 mg albendazole once daily for 3-5 days, and their skin lesions gradually improved. In the present study, a causative agent of CLM was isolated for the first time in the Republic of Korea. Moreover, we speculate that CLM is prevalent in farmers who are in frequent contact with soil in the Republic of Korea.

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    Rizki Citra Mulia, Khairuddin Djawad, Anni Adriani, Idrianti Idrus
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    Isabel Ogueta, Lucas Navajas‐Galimany, Marcela Concha‐Rogazy, Sergio Álvarez‐Véliz, Cristián Vera‐Kellet, Sergio Gonzalez‐Bombardiere, Ximena Wortsman
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    Kyoung-Hwan Joo
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    Myoung-Hee Ahn
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    Israel Alfonso Trujillo, María Antonia Rodríguez García, Sonia Collazo Caballero, Jonathan Arguello Moya
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    Myoung-Hee Ahn
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    Jong-Yil Chai
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 946.     CrossRef
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A serologically diagnosed human case of cutaneous larva migrans caused by Ancylostoma caninum
In-Ho Kwon, Hyung-Su Kim, Jong-Hee Lee, Min-Ho Choi, Jong-Yil Chai, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Yukifumi Nawa, Kwang-Hyun Cho
Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(4):233-237.
Published online December 20, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.4.233

A 15-year-old boy, who had recently arrived back from a trip to Cambodia for a missionary camp, presented with several serpiginous thread-like skin lesions that began as small papules on the left upper extremities 2 weeks before his visit to Hospital. The skin lesions were pruritic and erythematous, and had migrated to the chest and abdomen. The histopathological findings showed only lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrations in the dermis of the biopsied skin lesion. The patient's serum reacted strongly to the Ancylostoma caninum antigen by an ELISA method. Therefore, he was diagnosed with cutaneous larva migrans by A. caninum. After the oral administration of albendazole and ivermectin, the skin lesions resolved without recurrence. This is the first reported case of a cutaneous larva migrans caused by Ancylostoma canimum diagnosed serologically using ELISA in Korea.

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    Myoung-Hee Ahn
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 993.     CrossRef
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    Jong-Yil Chai
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 946.     CrossRef
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    Tae-Heung Kim, Byeung-Song Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(2): 145.     CrossRef
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Two imported cases of cutaneous larva migrans
Jin-Woo Park, Sang-Jin Kwon, Jae-Sook Ryu, Eun-Kyung Hong, Jung-Uk Lee, Hee-Joon Yu, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Duk-Young Min
Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):77-81.
Published online March 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.77

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a rare serpiginous cutaneous eruption caused by accidental penetration and migration in the skin with infective larvae of nematode that normally do not have the human as their host. Although CLM has a worldwide distribution, the infection is most frequent in warmer climates. More recently, they have been increasingly imported from the tropics or subtropics by travelers. We experienced two patients who had pruritic serpiginous linear eruption in their skin for a few weeks after traveling to the endemic areas (Brazil and Thailand, respectively). After the treatment with albendazole, the skin lesions resolved with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. We report herein two cases of cutaneous larva migrans successfully treated with albendazole.

Citations

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  • Imported parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea: status and issues
    Jong-Yil Chai
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    Yazeed Alghasham
    Scripta Medica.2025; 56(4): 845.     CrossRef
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    Rizki Citra Mulia, Khairuddin Djawad, Anni Adriani, Idrianti Idrus
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    Kyoung-Hwan Joo
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    Myoung-Hee Ahn
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 993.     CrossRef
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    Jörg Heukelbach, Marcia Gomide, Francisco Araújo, Nathalia S.R. Pinto, Rafael D. Santana, João R.M. Brito, Hermann Feldmeier
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    John Horton
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    Fukumi Nakamura‐Uchiyama, Emi Yamasaki, Yukifumi Nawa
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Mini Review
Highlights of human toxocariasis
Jean-Fran?ois Magnaval, Lawrence T. Glickman, Philippe Dorchies, Bruno Morassin
Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):1-11.
Published online March 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.1

Human toxocariasis is a helminthozoonosis due to the migration of Toxocara species larvae through human organism. Humans become infected by ingesting either embryonated eggs from soil (geophagia, pica), dirty hands or raw vegetables, or larvae from undercooked giblets. The diagnosis relies upon sensitive immunological methods (ELISA or western-blot) which use Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens. Seroprevalence is high in developed countries, especially in rural areas, and also in some tropical islands. The clinical spectrum of the disease comprises four syndromes, namely visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, and the more recently recognized "common" (in adults) and "covert" (in children) pictures. Therapy of ocular toxocariasis is primarily based upon corticosteroids use, when visceral larva migrans and few cases of common or covert toxocariasis can be treated by anthelmintics whose the most efficient appeared to be diethylcarbamazine. When diagnosed, all of these syndromes require thorough prevention of recontamination (especially by deworming pets) and sanitary education.

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