Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Schistosoma haematobium"

Articles from Symposium on Controls of NTDs around Lake Victoria, Tanzania

Prevalence of Schistosomes and Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Morbidity Associated with Schistosomiasis among Adult Population in Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania: Julius E. Siza, Godfrey M. Kaatano, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom, Han-Jong Rim, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Su Young Chang, Yunsuk Ko, John M. Changalucha; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):525-533.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.525

Abstract
PDF

The
objective
of this study was to carry out a community survey on schistosomiais and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to suggest feasible and effective intervention strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. A total of 37 communities selected from 23 districts of the 4 regions in the Lake Victoria basin of Tanzania were involved in the study. From each of the selected locality, 50 adult community members, 25 males and 25 females, were recruited for the study. Each study participant was requested to submit stool and urine specimens. From each stool specimen, duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were prepared and microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STH eggs. Urine specimens were processed by the filtration technique and microscopically examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Ultrasound examination for morbidity due to schistosomiasis was performed. Mass treatment was done using praziquantel and albendazole for schistosome and STHs infections, respectively. Out of 1,606 adults who provided stool specimens, 199 (12.4%) were positive for S. mansoni, 349 (21.7%) for hookworms, 133 (8.3%) for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 33 (2.0%) for Trichuris trichiura. Out of 1,400 participants who provided urine specimens, 25 (1.8%) were positive for S. haematobium eggs. Because of the co-endemicity of these afflictions and their impact on vulnerable population groups, the helminthiasis could be simultaneously treated with 2 drugs, praziquantel for schistosomiasis and albendazole for STHs.

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Yovitha Sedekia, Gerry Mshana, Mussa K. Nsanya, Kid Kohl, Mwita Wambura, Heiner Grosskurth, David A. Ross, Saidi Kapiga
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Humphrey D. Mazigo, Nyanda C. Justine, Jeffer Bhuko, Sarah Rubagumya, Namanya Basinda, Maria M. Zinga, Deodatus Ruganuza, Vyacheslav R. Misko, Matthieu Briet, Filip Legein, Wim De Malsche
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Kirsi M. Manz, Petra Clowes, Inge Kroidl, Dickens O. Kowuor, Christof Geldmacher, Nyanda E. Ntinginya, Leonard Maboko, Michael Hoelscher, Elmar Saathoff, David Joseph Diemert
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Sibtain M. Moledina, Ewaldo Komba
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Clara Fabienne Rasoamanamihaja, Alain Marcel Rahetilahy, Bruno Ranjatoarivony, Neerav Dhanani, Luciano Andriamaro, Samuel Hermas Andrianarisoa, Peter Mark Jourdan
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Prevalence of Schistosomes and Soil-Transmitted Helminths among Schoolchildren in Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania: Julius E. Siza, Godfrey M. Kaatano, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom, Han-Jong Rim, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Su Young Chang, Yunsuk Ko, John M. Changalucha; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):515-524.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.515

Abstract
PDF

The
objective
s of this study was to conduct a survey on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in order to come up with feasible control strategies in Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. Depending on the size of the school, 150-200 schoolchildren were recruited for the study. Duplicate Kato-Katz stool smears were prepared from each child and microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni and STHs. Urine specimens were examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs using the filtration technique. After the survey, mass drug administration was done using praziquantel and albendazole for schistosomiasis and STHs infections, respectively. A total of 5,952 schoolchildren from 36 schools were recruited for the study and had their stool and urine specimens examined. Out of 5,952 schoolchildren, 898 (15.1%) were positive for S. mansoni, 754 (12.6%) for hookworms, 188 (3.2%) for Ascaris lumblicoides, and 5 (0.008%) for Trichuris trichiura. Out of 5,826 schoolchildren who provided urine samples, 519 (8.9%) were positive for S. haematobium eggs. The results revealed that intestinal schistosomiasis, urogenital schistosomiasis, and STH infections are highly prevalent throughought the lake basin. The high prevalence of intestinal and urogenital schistosomisiasis in the study area was a function of the distance from Lake Victoria, the former being more prevalent at localities close to the lake, whilst the latter is more so away from it. Control of schistosomiasis and STHs in the study area requires an integrated strategy that involves provision of health education to communities, regular treatments, and provision of adequate safe water supply and sanitation facilities.

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Original Article

Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma haematobium Eggs Isolated from Human Urine in Sudan: Juan-Hua Quan, In-Wook Choi, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Abdoelohab Saed Mohamed, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Jin-Su Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Tai-Soon Yong, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):271-277.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.271

Abstract
PDF

The genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium remains largely unstudied in comparison to that of Schistosoma mansoni. To characterize the extent of genetic diversity in S. haematobium among its definitive host (humans), we collected S. haematobium eggs from the urine of 73 infected schoolchildren at 5 primary schools in White Nile State, Sudan, and then performed a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker ITS2 by PCR-RFLP analysis. Among 73 S. haematobium egg-positive cases, 13 were selected based on the presence of the S. haematobium satellite markers A4 and B2 in their genomic DNA, and used for RFLP analysis. The 13 samples were subjected to an RFLP analysis of the S. haematobium ITS2 region; however, there was no variation in size among the fragments. Compared to the ITS2 sequences obtained for S. haematobium from Kenya, the nucleotide sequences of the ITS2 regions of S. haematobium from 4 areas in Sudan were consistent with those from Kenya (> 99%). In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that most of the S. haematobium population in Sudan consists of a pan-African S. haematobium genotype; however, we also report the discovery of Kenyan strain inflow into White Nile, Sudan.

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Parasite.2022; 29: 23. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Rabecca Tembo, Panji Nkhoma, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, John Yabe, Hikabasa Halwiindi, Moses Kamwela, King S Nalubamba, Chummy S Sikasunge, Andrew M Phri
University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Schistosoma DNA in genital specimens and urine: A comparison between five female African study populations originating from S. haematobium and/or S. mansoni endemic areas
P. Pillay, J.A. Downs, J.M. Changalucha, E.A.T. Brienen, C.E. Ramarokoto, P.D.C. Leutscher, B.J. Vennervald, M. Taylor, E.F. Kjetland, L. Van Lieshout
Acta Tropica.2020; 204: 105363. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

High Genetic Variability of Schistosoma haematobium in Mali and Nigeria: Charles Ezeh, Mingbo Yin, Hongyan Li, Ting Zhang, Bin Xu, Moussa Sacko, Zheng Feng, Wei Hu; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):129-134.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.129

Abstract
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Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.

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Geographical Influence on Morphometric Variability of Genetically “Pure” Schistosoma haematobium Eggs from Sub-Saharan Migrants in Spain
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Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(3): 144. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Rabecca Tembo, Panji Nkhoma, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, John Yabe, Hikabasa Halwiindi, Moses Kamwela, King S Nalubamba, Chummy S Sikasunge, Andrew M Phri
University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Madeleine J. Rogers, Donald P. McManus, Stephen Muhi, Catherine A. Gordon
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Detection of Schistosoma DNA in genital specimens and urine: A comparison between five female African study populations originating from S. haematobium and/or S. mansoni endemic areas
P. Pillay, J.A. Downs, J.M. Changalucha, E.A.T. Brienen, C.E. Ramarokoto, P.D.C. Leutscher, B.J. Vennervald, M. Taylor, E.F. Kjetland, L. Van Lieshout
Acta Tropica.2020; 204: 105363. CrossRef
RETRACTED: Diversity and Compatibility of Human Schistosomes and Their Intermediate Snail Hosts
Benjamin Sanogo, Dongjuan Yuan, Xin Zeng, Yanhua Zhang, Zhongdao Wu
Trends in Parasitology.2018; 34(6): 493. CrossRef
Geographic strain differentiation of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines using microsatellite markers
Kharleezelle J. Moendeg, Jose Ma M. Angeles, Ryo Nakao, Lydia R. Leonardo, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla, Yasuyuki Goto, Masashi Kirinoki, Elena A. Villacorte, Pilarita T. Rivera, Noboru Inoue, Yuichi Chigusa, Shin-ichiro Kawazu, Aaron R. Jex
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017; 11(7): e0005749. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> Eggs Isolated from Human Urine in Sudan
Juan-Hua Quan, In-Wook Choi, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Abdoelohab Saed Mohamed, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Jin-Su Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Tai-Soon Yong, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(3): 271. CrossRef

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Intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis among school children in an urban center and some rural communities in southwest Nigeria: Olufemi Moses Agbolade, Ndubuisi Chinweike Agu, Oluseyi Olusegun Adesanya, Adedayo Olugbenga Odejayi, Aliu Adekunle Adigun, Emmanuel Babatunde Adesanlu, Flourish George Ogunleye, Adetoun Omolayo Sodimu, Stella Ajoke Adeshina, Ganiyat Olusola Bisiriyu, Oluwatosin Ibiyemi Omotoso, Karen Mfon Udia; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):233-238.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.233

Abstract
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Intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis among school children were investigated in an urban and some rural communities of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Fecal samples of 1,059 subjects (524 males, 535 females) aged 3-18 years were examined using direct smear and brine concentration methods between June 2005 and November 2006. The pooled prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides showed the highest prevalence (53.4%) (P < 0.001) followed by hookworms (17.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.4%), Taenia sp. (9.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%), Schistosoma haematobium (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). The prevalences of A. lumbricoides, hookworms, Taenia sp., S. mansoni, and S. stercoralis in the urban centre were similar (P > 0.05) to those in the rural communities. The fertile and infertile egg ratios of A. lumbricoides in the urban centre and the rural communities were 13: 1 and 3.7: 1, respectively. Each helminth had similar prevalences among both genders (P > 0.05). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The commonest double infections were Ascaris and hookworms, while the commonest triple infections were Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichuris. The study demonstrates the need for urgent intervention programmes against intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis in the study area.

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