Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Tibet"

Brief Communication

Taenia saginata Infection Misdiagnosed as Acute Cholecystitis in a Tibetan Patient, in China: Xiu-Min Han, Xue-Yong Zhang, Ying-Na Jian, Qing-Shan Tian; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):311-317.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.311

Abstract
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The present study reports a rare case of Taenia saginata infection, which was initially diagnosed as acute cholecystitis in a Tibetan patient at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau pastoral area, China. A 45-year-old female was initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis at a hospital in China. She had a slight fever, weight loss and constipation and complained of pain in the upper abdomen and left back areas. Increase of monocyte, eosinophil and basophil levels were shown. Taenia sp. eggs were detected in a fecal examination. An adult tapeworm approximately 146 cm in length, whitish-yellow color, was collected from the patient after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The adult tapeworm had a scolex and proglottids with genital pores. The scolex was rectangular shape with 4 suckers and rostellum without hooklet. The cox1 gene sequence shared 99.5-99.8% homology with that of T. saginata from other regions in China. The patient was diagnosed finally infected with T. saginata by morphological and molecular charateristics.

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Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Adult Taenia saginata Revealed the Potential Importance of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins
Kang Liu, Kaijuan Wu, Xiaohua Liu, Jing Xie, Yixiao Wang, Chandara Ngim, Die Hu, Yangfan Xiao, Zheng Wang, Yisong Liu, Wei Liu, Liping Jiang
Journal of Proteome Research.2025; 24(11): 5727. CrossRef

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Case Reports

Coenurosis of Yak, Bos grunniens, caused by Taenia multiceps: A Case Report with Molecular Identification in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China: Xue-Yong Zhang, Ying-Na Jian, Hong Duo, Xiu-Ying Shen, Yi-Juan Ma, Yong Fu, Zhi-Hong Guo; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):423-427.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.423

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Coenurosis is an important zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps. This parasite typically infects the brain of the intermediate hosts, including sheep, goat, cattle and even humans. We report a case of T. multiceps infection in a yak confirmed by clinical symptoms, morphological characteristics, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The coenurus was thin-walled, whitish, and spherical in shape with a diameter of 10 cm. The parasite species was identified as T. multiceps by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA, cox1 and nad1 genes. Three gene sequences all showed high homology (all above 97%) with the reference sequences from different hosts. Moreover, phylogenetic reconstructions with the 3 published Taenia gene sequences confirmed that the Qinghai yak isolate was closely related to T. multiceps. Although there are advanced diagnosis and treatment methods for coenurosis, early infection is difficult to diagnose. Importantly, the findings of yak infection case should not be ignored due to its zoonotic potential.

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Treatment and management of coenurosis by Taenia multiceps: field data from outbreaks in endemic regions and literature review
I. Abbas, C. Tamponi, G. Madau, L. Cavallo, A. Varcasia, A. Scala
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Taenia multiceps coenurosis: a review
Antonio Varcasia, Claudia Tamponi, Fahad Ahmed, Maria Grazia Cappai, Francesca Porcu, Naunain Mehmood, Giorgia Dessì, Antonio Scala
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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2 Web of Science
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The First Case of Diarrhoea in Tibetan Sheep, Ovis aries, Caused by Balantidium coli in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China: Ying-Na Jian, Ge-Ping Wang, Xiu-Ping Li, Xue-Yong Zhang, Li-Qing Ma; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):603-607.
Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.603

Abstract
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This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was 80-180 × 70-150 μm and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.

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Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105298. CrossRef

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177 Download
5 Web of Science
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Original Articles

Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Toxocara vitulorum Infection in Yaks on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, China: Kun Li, Yanfang Lan, Houqiang Luo, Hui Zhang, Dongyu Liu, Lihong Zhang, Rui Gui, Lei Wang, Muhammad Shahzad, Suolang Sizhu, Jiakui Li, Yangzom Chamba; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):645-652.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.645

Abstract
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Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8-24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8-21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3-53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5-16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.

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RESEARCH PROGRESS ON MAJOR DISEASES OF PIGS AND YAKS ON THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FROM 1990 TO 2023
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Hiranmoy Biswas, Babul Chandra Roy, Pallab Kumar Dutta, Mohammad Manjurul Hasan, Shanaz Parvin, Dipok Kumar Choudhury, Nurjahan Begum, Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder
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Molecular Identification of a Trichinella Isolate from a Naturally Infected Pig in Tibet, China: Ling Zhao Li, Zhong Quan Wang, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang, Hui Jun Ren, Jing Cui; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):381-384.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.381

Abstract
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The first human case with trichinellosis was reported in 1964 in Tibet, China. However, up to the present, the etiological agent of trichinellosis has been unclear. The aim of this study was to identify a Tibet Trichinella isolate at a species level by PCR-based methods. Multiplex PCR revealed amplicon of the expected size (173 bp) for Trichinella spiralis in assays containing larval DNA from Tibet Trichinella isolate from a naturally infected pig. The Tibet Trichinella isolate was also identified by PCR amplification of the 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region (5S ISR) and mitochondrial large-subunit ribosomal RNA (mt-lsrDNA) gene sequences. The results showed that 2 DNA fragments (749 bp and 445 bp) of the Tibet Trichinella isolate were identical to that of the reference isolates of T. spiralis. The Tibet Trichinella isolate might be classifiable to T. spiralis. This is the first report on T. spiralis in southwestern China.

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