Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Uzbekistan"

Brief Communications

Phylogenetic Characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Uzbekistan: Hye-Jin Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyu-Jae Lee, Gab-Man Park, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Dmitriy Kovalenko, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):205-210.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.205

Echinococcosis occurs mainly in areas with heavy livestock farming, such as Central Asia, America, and Australia. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infection causes echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, and horses. Numerous cases of echinococcosis occur in Uzbekistan as stock farming is a primary industry. Epidemiological and genetic studies of E. granulosus s.l. are very important for mitigating its impact on public health and the economy; however, there are no such studies on E. granulosus s.l. in Uzbekistan. In the present study, to determine which genotypes exist and are transmitted, we isolated Echinococcus sp. from definitive hosts (one isolate each from jackal and dog) and intermediate hosts (52 isolates from humans and 6 isolates from sheep) in Uzbekistan and analyzed the isolates by sequencing 2 mitochondrial DNA components (cox1 and nad1). The results showed that all of isolates except one belonged to the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1 and G3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cox1 sequences showed that 42 isolates from humans, 6 isolates from sheep, and one isolate from jackal were the G1 genotype, whereas the remaining 8 isolates from human and the one isolate from dog were the G3 genotype. These results suggest that the G1 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus s.s. are predominant in Uzbekistan, and both wild animals and domestic animals are important for maintaining their life cycle. Only one isolate from human sample was confirmed to be E. eqiinus (G4 genotype), which is known to be for the first time.

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Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review
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Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Dogs and Two Species of Wild Animals from Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan: Tai-Soon Yong, Kyu-Jae Lee, Myeong Heon Shin, Hak Sun Yu, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Turycin Bladimir Sergeevich, Azamat Shamsiev, Gab-Man Park; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):549-552.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.549

Abstract
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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasitic infections and associated risk factors for the human infection among the people of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Infection status of helminths including Echinococcus granulosus was surveyed in domestic and wild animals from 4 sites in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan during 2015-2018. Fecal samples of each animal were examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique and the recovery of intestinal helminths was performed with naked eyes and a stereomicroscope in total 1,761 animals (1,755 dogs, 1 golden jackal, and 5 Corsac foxes). Total 658 adult worms of E. granulosus were detected in 28 (1.6%) dogs and 1 (100%) golden jackal. More than 6 species of helminths, i.e., Taenia hydatigena, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium nolleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Toxocara canis, and Trichuris vulpis, were found from 18 (1.0%) dogs. Six (T. hydatigena, Toxascaris leonina, Alaria alata, Uncinaria stenocephala, D. caninum, and M. lineatus) and 2 (D. nolleri and M. lineatus) species of helminths were also detected from 5 Corsac foxes and 1 golden jackal, respectively. Taeniid eggs were found in 2 (20%) out of 10 soil samples. In the present study, it was confirmed that the prevalences of helminths including E. granulosus are not so high in domestic and wild animals. Nevertheless, the awareness on the zoonotic helminth infections should be continuously maintained in Uzbekistan for the prevention of human infection.

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High-Quality Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac) Reveals Adaptation to Semiarid and Harsh Environments
Zhihao Zhang, Tian Xia, Shengyang Zhou, Xiufeng Yang, Tianshu Lyu, Lidong Wang, Jiaohui Fang, Qi Wang, Huashan Dou, Honghai Zhang
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Georgiana Deak, Alisher Safarov, Xi Carria Xie, Runting Wang, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Jan Šlapeta
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Original Article

Prevalence of Serum IgG Antibodies to Cystic Echinococcus Antigen among Patients in an Uzbekistan Emergency Hospital: Se Jin Park, Sung Sik Han, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):699-703.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.699

Abstract
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonotic helminthiases, which can last an asymptomatic infection for several years. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate serum antibody prevalence of CE among asymptomatic people in Uzbekistan using ELISA. A total of 2,547 serum samples were collected, 66 from confirmed CE patients and 2,481 of patients with other diseases than CE at a hospital in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The serum samples were screened for CE specific IgG antibodies by ELISA using cystic fluid antigen obtained from sheep. The serum antibody positive rate was 89.4% (59/66) in CE and 3.6% (89/2,481) in other disease patients. The present ELISA recognized 89.4% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. The ELISA absorbance of positive samples was distributed 0.271-0.971 for CE and 0.273-0.887 for other disease patients. The other disease patients with high absorbance over 0.3 were 50 (2.0%) who were presumed to be active CE patients. The patients in their 40s showed the highest positive rate of 5.2% (P=0.181), and women were 4.4% while men were 3.1% positive (P=0.136). The data confirmed that there are many asymptomatic patients of CE in Tashkent. It is indicated that CE is an endemic disease of public health importance in Uzbekistan.

Citations

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Comparison of Methods in the Serologic Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis
Sidre Erganis, Fakhriddin Sarzhanov, Funda Doğruman Al, Kayhan Cağlar
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(2): 1122. CrossRef
The echinococcoses in Asia: The present situation
Akira Ito, Christine M. Budke
Acta Tropica.2017; 176: 11. CrossRef
Kistik Ekinokokoz’un serolojik tanısında Indirekt Hemaglütinasyon, İndirekt Floresan Antikor ve Enzim İmmuno Assay testlerinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Sadık AKGÜN, Hakan Sezgin SAYİNER, Tekin KARSLIGİL
Journal of Contemporary Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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3 Web of Science
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Brief Communication

Infection Status of Hydatid Cysts in Humans and Sheep in Uzbekistan: Sung-Tae Hong, Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khadjibaev, Samin Hong, Yusufjon Ahmedov, Utkir Otaboev; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):383-385.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.383

Abstract
PDF

Uzbekistan is endemic of cystic echinococcosis (CE). In order to estimate endemicity of CE, we collected data from emergency surgery due to CE in 2002-2010 and also investigated the prevalence of hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs of sheep at an abattoir in Uzbekistan from July 2009 to June 2010. In 14 emergency hospitals, 8,014 patients received surgical removal or drainage of CE during 2002-2010, and 2,966 patients were found in 2010. A total of 22,959 sheep were grossly examined of their liver and lungs, and 479 (2.1%) and 340 (1.5%) of them were positive for the cyst in the liver and lungs, respectively. Echinococcus granulosus is actively transmitted both to humans and sheep, and CE is a zoonotic disease of public health priority in Uzbekistan.

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Prevalence of Serum IgG Antibodies to Cystic <i>Echinococcus</i> Antigen among Patients in an Uzbekistan Emergency Hospital
Se Jin Park, Sung Sik Han, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 699. CrossRef
Serodiagnosis of Echinococcosis by ELISA Using Cystic Fluid from Uzbekistan Sheep
Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Samin Hong, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(3): 313. CrossRef