Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Yong-Suk Ryang"

Original Article

Parvatrema chaii n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) from mice experimentally infected with metacercariae collected from surf-clam, Mactra veneriformis: Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Yong-Suk Ryang, Hilda Lei Ching, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(2):115-120.
Published online June 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.115

Abstract
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Parvatrema chaii n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) is described using the worms recovered from experimentally infected mice in Korea. The metacercariae were collected from surf-clams, Mactra veneriformis, from a tidal flat in Sochon-gun, Chungchongnam-do. The metacercariae were elliptical (0.262 × 0.132 mm), and the genital pore had an anterior arch of 16-17 sensory papillae in scanning electron microscopic view. Adult worms were ovoid to foliate (0.275-0.303 by 0.140-0.150 mm), and their characteristic features included the presence of lateral lips, short esophagus, genital pore located some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, club-shaped seminal vesicle, a compact to slightly lobed vitellarium, elliptical eggs (0.018-0.020 by 0.010-0.013 mm), and absence of the ventral pit. This gymnophallid is classified as a member of the genus Parvatrema because of the location of the wide genital pore some distance from the ventral sucker, and the absence of the ventral pit. It differs from previously reported Parvatrema species, including the type species, P. borinquenae. In particular, the morphologies of the vitellarium and the genital pore with an anterior arch of 16-17 sensory papillae are unique features. Therefore, we propose it as a new species, Parvatrema chaii n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae).

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Brief Communication

Status of intestinal parasite infections among children in Bat Dambang, Cambodia: Seung Kyu Park, Dong-Heui Kim, Young-Kun Deung, Hun-Joo Kim, Eun-Ju Yang, Soo-Jung Lim, Yong-Suk Ryang, Dan Jin, Kyu-Jae Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):201-203.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.201

Abstract
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A survey was conducted to determine the extent of intestinal parasite infection in Bat Dambang, Cambodia in March 2004. A total of 623 fecal specimens was collected from kindergarten and schoolchildren and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 25.7% (boys, 26.2%; girls, 25.1%), and the infection rates of intestinal helminthes by species were as follows: Echinostoma sp. 4.8%, hookworm 3.4%, Hymenolepis nana 1.3%, and Rhabditis sp. 1.3%. The infection rates of intestinal protozoa were; Entamoeba coli 4.8%, Giardia lamblia 2.9%, Iodamoeba butschlii 1.4%, Entamoeba polecki 1.1%, and Entamoeba histolytica 0.8%. There were no egg positive cases of Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. All children infected were treated with albendazole, praziquantel, or metronidazole according to parasite species. The results showed that intestinal parasites are highly endemic in Bat Dambang, Cambodia.

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Original Articles

Susceptibility of several strains of mice to Echinostoma hortense infection: Kyu-Jae Lee, Seung Kyu Park, Jee Aee Im, Soo Kie Kim, Geun Ha Kim, Gwang Young Kim, Eun Ju Yang, Yong-Suk Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(2):51-56.
Published online June 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.51

Abstract
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Susceptibilities of 5 different mice strains, including C3H/HeN, BALB/c, C57BL6, FvB and ICR, to Echinostoma hortense infection, was evaluated. The worm expulsion rate, worm size and egg production were observed from 1 to 8 weeks after infection with 30 metacercariae. C3H/HeN and ICR mice showed the highest worm maturation rates. The worm recovery rate and the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was also higher in C3H/HeN and ICR mice than in BALB/c, C57BL6, and FvB mice. It is suggested that E. hortense is highly infectious to ICR and C3H/HeN mice, but not to the other strains of mice. Based on the results obtained, we believe that the susceptibility of different mouse strains to E. hortense infection is dependent on the genetic and immunologic background of mice.

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A seroepidemiologic survey for human sparganosis in Gangweon-do: Kyu-Jae Lee, Yong-Tae Bae, Dong-Heui Kim, Young-Kun Deung, Yong-Suk Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(4):177-180.
Published online December 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.4.177

Abstract
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Gangweon-do is known to be highly endemic area of sparganosis more than other provinces in Korea. A seroepidmiologic examination for the detection of anti-Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid IgG in serum was carried out in normal inhabitants in Hongcheon-gun, Gangweon-do. Sere were tested by enzyme-linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) for the anti-sparganum antibodies. Positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 719 adults was 3.3%. Data of the questionnaire for 24 ELISA positive inhabitants revealed that 20 had a history of eating raw meat of snakes, 24 had a history of eating frogs, and 24 had a history of drinking stream water. Two positive cases had a past history of sparganosis. Two positive cases showed current symptoms of sparganosis. The data revealed that ELISA would be useful to find infected cases among normal inhabitants at sparganosis-endemic areas.

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Brief Communications

Status of intestinal parasites infection among primary school children in Kampongcham, Cambodia: Kyu-Jae Lee, Yong-Tae Bae, Dong-Heui Kim, Young-Kun Deung, Yong-Suk Ryang, Hun-Joo Kim, Kyung-Il Im, Tai-Soon Yong; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(3):153-155.
Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.153

Abstract
PDF

A survey was made to find the extent of intestinal parasite infection in Kampongcham, Cambodia in February 2002. A total of 251 fecal specimens were collected from Tonlebat primary school children and examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasite was 54.2% (males, 57.3%; females, 50.8%). The infection rate of intestinal helminths by the species were as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides 26.3%, Echinostoma sp. 15.6%, hookworm 6.4%, Opisthorchis sp. 4.0%, Rhabditis sp. 2.4%, and Trichuris trichiura 0.4%. The infection rate of intestinal protozoa were as follows: E. coli 7.6%, G. lamblia 3.2%, I. butschlii 3.2%, and E. histolytica 0.8%. More than two different kinds of parasites were found in 16.7% of the stool samples. All the children infected were treated with albendazole, praziquantel and metronidazole according to parasite species. The results showed that intestinal parasites are highly endemic in this area.

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Enterobius vermicularis egg positive rates in primary school children in Gangwon-do (Province), Korea: Kyu-Jae Lee, Yung-Kyum Ahn, Yong-Suk Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(4):327-328.
Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.327

Abstract
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A survey of the infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis among students in 4 primary schools located in Gangwon-do (Province) was done from May to June 2001. Among the 398 examinees, 39 (9.8%) were infected with E. vermicularis demonstrated by the adhesive cellotape anal swab method. The infection rates ranged from 8.3% to 11.8% among the four schools. The infection rate of males and females was 10.7% and 7,7% respectively. The first grade students showed the highest infection rate, 28.7%. The confirmed cases were treated with albendazole three times at an interval of 15 days. We were able to confirm that E. vermicularis infection is still prevalent among students in Gangwon-do, Korea.

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Original Article

Mucosal mast cell responses in the small intestine of rats infected with Echinostoma hortense: Insik Kim, Jae-Aee Im, Kyu-Je Lee, Yong-Suk Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(3):139-143.
Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.139

Abstract
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Mucosal mast cell (MMC) responses and worm recovery rates in rats infected with Echinostoma hortense were investigated from day 3 to day 56 post-infection (p.i.). Experimental infected group showed apparently higher number of MMC in each part of the small intestine than that of the control group. The number of MMC in the duodenum increased gradually after the infection and reached a peak on day 35 p.i. Thereafter, the number of MMC continued to decrease at a slow pace. The kinetics of MMC responses in the upper and lower jejunum were similar to that of the duodenum, but the number of MMC in the jejunum was lower. The worm recovery rate decreased with respect to time of which it was markedly reduced on day 49 and 56 p.i. The duration in which a high number of MMC appeared was similar to that in which a low rate in worm recovery was recorded. These results indicate that intestinal mastocytosis may play an important role in the expulsion of E. hortense.

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Sang Hyub Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
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Case Report

An incidental case of human Heterophyes nocens infection diagnosed by sectional morphology in a biopsy specimen of the small intestine: Yong-Suk Ryang, Chi-Young Lee, Kyu-Jae Lee, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(3):189-194.
Published online September 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.3.189

Abstract
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A case of human infection with Heterophyes nocens (Heterophyidae) was incidentally found in a biopsy specimen of the Meckel's diverticulum at the upper part of the small intestine. The patient was a 58-year-old man living in a rural area of Talsong-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do. He had gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain, indigestion, and abdominal discomfort for 3 months, and severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting for about 1 month before hospitalization. Endoscopy of the upper part of the small intestine revealed a Meckel's diverticulum, and it was excised and histopathologically examined. Three adult flukes were incidentally found sectioned in the mucosa, and they were identified as H. nocens. The patient had a history of eating raw mullets at a fish market in Pusan 6 months ago, and the mullets were presumed to be the source of infection. This case brings a considerable interest in that specific diagnosis of heterophyid infections could be done by sectional morphology of the worms.

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Original Article

Discovery of Gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae in oysters from islands of the West Sea known as the habitats of paleartic oystercatchers: Woon-Mok Sohn, Yong-Suk Ryang, Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(3):163-169.
Published online September 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.3.163

Abstract
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An epidemiological survey was performed to know the infection status of oysters with Gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae in 7 islands of the West Sea known as the habitat of paleartic oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus osculans, in Korea. The surveyed areas were Aphaedo (Shinan-gun, Chollanam-do), Jangjado, Sonyudo and Munyodo (Okdo-myon, Kunsan-shi, Chollabuk-do), Yubudo (Changhang-up, Sochon-gun Chungchongnam-do), and Polumdo and Chumoondo (Sodo-myon, Kangwha-gun. Inchon-shi). The oysters collected from Aphaedo, the known endemic focus, were examined monthly from August 1995 to October 1996 for observation of any seasonal variation of the metacercarial density. The average metacercarial burden was 761-2,077 by month, but the seasonal variation of the metacercarial density was not obvious. A total of 54 metacercariae was detected in 63 oysters collected from Yubudo. Out of 30 oysters from Sonyudo, 25 (83.3%) were infected with 1-66 metacercariae (12.6 in average). All of 50 oysters (100%) from Munyodo were infected with 3-162 metacercariae (53.5 in average). Only 4 metacercariae were detected in 100 oysters from Chumoondo. However, no metacercariae were found in 55 oysters from Jangjado and 50 oysters from Polumdo. From the above results, it was confirmed that G. seoi is still highly prevalent in oysters from Aphaedo, and several islands of the West Sea known as the habitats of paleartic oystercatchers are new endemic areas of this fluke.

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