Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"diagnostic"

Brief Communication

Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performance of Cytochrome Oxidase Multiplex PCR and 18S rRNA Nested PCR: Preeti Kumari, Swati Sinha, Renuka Gahtori, Afshana Quadiri, Paras Mahale, Deepali Savargaonkar, Veena Pande, Bina Srivastava, Himmat Singh, Anupkumar R Anvikar; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):295-299.
Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.295

Malaria elimination and control require prompt and accurate diagnosis for treatment plan. Since microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are not sensitive particularly for diagnosing low parasitemia, highly sensitive diagnostic tools are required for accurate treatment. Molecular diagnosis of malaria is commonly carried out by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 18S rRNA gene, while this technique involves long turnaround time and multiple steps leading to false positive results. To overcome these drawbacks, we compared highly sensitive cytochrome oxidase gene-based single-step multiplex reaction with 18S rRNA nested PCR. Cytochrome oxidase (cox) genes of P. falciparum (cox-III) and P. vivax (cox-I) were compared with 18S rRNA gene nested PCR and microscopy. Cox gene multiplex PCR was found to be highly specific and sensitive, enhancing the detection limit of mixed infections. Cox gene multiplex PCR showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. This approach can be used as an alternative diagnostic method as it offers higher diagnostic performance and is amenable to high throughput scaling up for a larger sample size at low cost.

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Therapeutic mucosal vaccination of herpes simplex virus type 2 infected guinea pigs with an adenovirus-based vaccine expressing the ribonucleotide reductase 2 and glycoprotein D induces local tissue-resident CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells associated with protect
Afshana Quadiri, Swayam Prakash, Hawa Vahed, Jimmy Medhat Tadros, Miyo Sun, Kathy K. Hormi-Carver, Swena Jignesh Patel, Lbachir BenMohamed
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of real-time PCR assays for detecting Plasmodium and Babesia DNA species in blood samples
Luz Helena Patiño, Sergio Castañeda, Milena Camargo, Li Yong Cao, Bernadette Liggayu, Alberto Paniz‐Mondolfi, Juan David Ramírez
Acta Tropica.2024; 258: 107350. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Multiplex/Semi-nested PCR and Microscopy for Accurate Human Malaria Species Diagnosis
Aram Khezri, Mehdi Nateghpour, Haleh Hanifian, Leila Farivar, Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

An Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of Care Diagnostic to Measure Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity: Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Heung Jin Jeon, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Keun Lee, Ho-Joon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):281-288.
Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.281

Abstract
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Malaria continues to be one of the most crucial infectious burdens in endemic areas worldwide, as well as for travelers visiting malaria transmission regions. It has been reported that 8-aminoquinolines are effective against the Plasmodium species, particularly primaquine, for anti-hypnozoite therapy in P. vivax malaria. However, primaquine causes acute hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Therefore, G6PD deficiency testing should precede hypnozoite elimination with 8-aminoquinoline. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a novel, quantitative G6PD diagnostics based on a metagenomic blue fluorescent protein (mBFP). We comparatively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the G6PD diagnostic modality with standard methods using 120 human whole blood samples. The G6PD deficiency was spectrophotometrically confirmed. The performance of the G6PD quantitative test kit was compared with that of a licensed control medical device, the G6PD strip. The G6PD quantitative test kit had a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.3-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 94.3-100%). This study shows that the novel diagnostic G6PD quantitative test kit could be a cost-effective and time-efficient, and universally mandated screening tool for G6PD deficiency.

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Performance of quantitative point-of-care tests to measure G6PD activity: An individual participant data meta-analysis
Arkasha Sadhewa, Ari Winasti Satyagraha, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Wondimagegn Adissu, Anup Anvikar, Germana Bancone, Praveen K. Bharti, Vinod K. Bhutani, Santasabuj Das, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Mohammad Sharif Hossain, Nitika Nitika, Bernard A. Okech, Ly
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(3): e0012864. CrossRef
Utilization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Test and the Prevalence of Enzyme Deficiency in Korea
Rihwa Choi, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3179. CrossRef

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Malaria Endemicity in the Rural Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria: David Ekene Nwele, Ikechukwu Oliver Onyali, Milliam Okwudili Iwueze, Michael Okpara Elom, Ogbonna Elom Sabastian Uguru; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):173-179.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.173

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Malaria remains a global health threat. Approximately 97% of the population is at risk in sub-Saharan countries, particularly Nigeria. This study compared the performance of 2 diagnostic methods in assessing malaria endemicity in the rural communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A total of 1,140 study participants were screened for malaria parasite using Rapid Diagnostic Test kits (RDT) in the field, while thick and thin films for microscopy were examined in the laboratory. Our result showed that malaria prevalence was 56.8 by RDT and 38.6% by microscopic test. Age group under 10 years had the highest prevalence of 28.9% (RDT) and 23.6% (microscopy), respectively. The highest prevalence of 19.5% by RDT was recorded in Onicha Local Government Area, while the highest prevalence of 13.4% with microscopy was recorded in Ezza North Local Government Area. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic examination were both 100%, while those of RDT were 95.5% and 75.9%, respectively.

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Subclinical Plasmodium spp. Infections in a Community Setting in Bangui, Central African Republic
Romaric Nzoumbou-Boko, Mireille Cornelia Ingrid Denissio Morissi Nalingbo, Brice Martial Yambiyo, Roger Detol, Ermeland Moussa, Didita Nalinga, Lydie Joella-Venus de la Grace Namsenei-Dankpea, Alexandre Manirakiza, Lawrence Ayong, Yap Boum
Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine.2025; Volume 16: 1. CrossRef
Explainable AI for enhanced accuracy in malaria diagnosis using ensemble machine learning models
Olushina Olawale Awe, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, Samuel Kotva Goudoungou, Ruth Victoria Esho, Olanrewaju Samuel Oyejide
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Ectoparasite species diversity and prevalence in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) within delta central senatorial district, Delta State, Nigeria

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).2025; : 320. CrossRef
Analysis of fractional-order model for the transmission dynamics of malaria via Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana–Baleanu operators
Benedict Celestine Agbata, Raimonda Dervishi, Mehmet Gümüş, Aseel Smerat, Godwin Christopher Ezike Mbah
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Estimated distribution of malaria cases among children in sub-Saharan Africa by specified age categories using data from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019
Olorunfemi A. Oshagbemi, Pedro Lopez-Romero, Cornelis Winnips, Katalin R. Csermak, Guoqin Su, Elodie Aubrun
Malaria Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea: Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):9-14.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.9

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence have been rapidly increasing in some parts of Korea. We analyzed prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), in the sera of 552 residents in Ganghwa-gun, 661 ones in Cheorwon-gun, and 305 ones in Goseong-gun, Korea in 2019. IgG/IgM RDT mounted with recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), glutathione-S-transferase-linker-SAG1A, were applied to the sera. IgG seroprevalence was 28.1% in Ganghwa-gun, 19.5% in Cheorwon-gun and 35.7% in Goseong-gun. Odds ratios comparing Cheorwon vs Ganghwa was 0.63 (P=0.001) and Goesong versus Ganghwa was 1.47 (P=0.01) adjusting age and sex. Goseong had highest seroprevalence among the 3 counties both in crude rates and logistic regression. Although Cheorwon and Goseong are adjacent to the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Korea, seroprevalence rate was much higher in Goseong. Further investigation on other DMZ-closed areas is necessary whether they have high prevalence rates compared to the other areas. T. gondii prevalence in Korea is still persists; proper health policy should be established.

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Molecular survey of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in pigs from various localities in Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 294. CrossRef

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Diagnostic Performance of Three Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum: Seo Hye Park, Seung Jegal, Seong Kyu Ahn, Haneul Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Jong Hong, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):147-152.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.147

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Malaria is a potent burden on public healthcare worldwide due to requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays, prompt diagnosis with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely accepted as an effective diagnostic technique in malaria-endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast output, and straightforward interpretation. The global availability and use of RDTs have gradually grown over recent decades as field-applicable diagnostic tests for the reliable confirmation of malaria infection and proper case management. This study was conducted to evaluate diagnostic performance of 3 commercially available malaria RDT kits : BIOCREDIT^TM Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH), Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH/pHRPII), and Malaria Ag Pf/Pv(pLDH/pLDH) (where pLDH and pHRPII stand for plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase and histidine-rich protein 2, respectively) for the specific detection of Plasmodium falciparum. A total of 1,129 blood samples including 95 blood samples, confirmed as vivax malaria infection by microscopic examinations and a nested-PCR method, were tested for falciparum malaria infection. The overall sensitivity and specificity of Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH/pHRPII), Malaria Ag Pf/Pv(pLDH/pLDH), and Pf(pLDH) for P. falciparum were 99.0% and 100%, 95.8% and 100%, and 100% and 100%, respectively. It is proposed that the 3 RDT kits perform reliable level of diagnostic accuracy of detection for P. falciparum parasites.

Citations

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Performance and usability evaluation of three LDH-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Kédougou, Senegal
Babacar Souleymane Sambe, Stephanie Zobrist, William Sheahan, Divya Soni, Aissatou Diagne, Ibrahima Sarr, Arona Sabene Diatta, Serigne Ousmane Mbacke Diaw, Allison Golden, Hannah Slater, Ihn Kyung Jang, Nerie Roa, Sampa Pal, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Joseph F
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Performance of BIOCREDIT Pf/Pv lactate dehydrogenase-based malaria rapid diagnostic test among pregnant women with suspected malaria infection in Bahir Dar City Administration, northwest Ethiopia
Banchamlak Tegegne, Endalkachew Nibret, Abaineh Munshea, Mekonnen Teferi, Mulat Yimer, Getaneh Alemu, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Dylan R. Pillai, Samuel Kofi Tchum
PLOS One.2025; 20(5): e0322362. CrossRef
Assessment of the Performance of Lactate Dehydrogenase-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Malaria in Djibouti in 2022–2023
Rahma Abdi Moussa, Nasserdine Papa Mze, Houssein Yonis Arreh, Aicha Abdillahi Hamoud, Kahiya Mohamed Alaleh, Fatouma Mohamed Aden, Abdoul-Razak Yonis Omar, Warsama Osman Abdi, Samatar Kayad Guelleh, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Abdi, Leonardo K. Basco, Bouh Abdi Kha
Diagnostics.2024; 14(3): 262. CrossRef
Comparison of three rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis in Ghana
Tolulope Adeyemi Kayode, Agyapong Kofi Addo, Thomas Kwame Addison, Austine Tweneboah, Stephen Opoku Afriyie, Dawood Ackom Abbas, Ayesha Seth, Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah, Kingsley Badu, Cristian Koepfli
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Performance of highly sensitive and conventional rapid diagnostic tests for clinical and subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infections, and hrp2/3 deletion status in Burundi
David Niyukuri, Denis Sinzinkayo, Emma V. Troth, Colins O. Oduma, Mediatrice Barengayabo, Mireille Ndereyimana, Aurel Holzschuh, Claudia A. Vera-Arias, Yilekal Gebre, Kingsley Badu, Joseph Nyandwi, Dismas Baza, Elizabeth Juma, Cristian Koepfli, Sarah Aubu
PLOS Global Public Health.2022; 2(7): e0000828. CrossRef
Diagnostic accuracy and limit of detection of ten malaria parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based rapid tests for Plasmodium knowlesi and P. falciparum
Angelica F. Tan, Sitti Saimah binti Sakam, Giri S. Rajahram, Timothy William, Mohammad Faruq Abd Rachman Isnadi, Sylvia Daim, Bridget E. Barber, Steven Kho, Colin J. Sutherland, Nicholas M. Anstey, Seda Yerlikaya, Donelly A. van Schalkwyk, Matthew J. Grig
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Literary Review and Recommendation for a Quality Assurance, Quality Control Algorithm
Michael J. Kavanaugh, Steven E. Azzam, David M. Rockabrand
Diagnostics.2021; 11(5): 768. CrossRef
Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585. CrossRef

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Partial Characterization of Two Cathepsin D Family Aspartic Peptidases of Clonorchis sinensis: Jung-Mi Kang, Won-Gi Yoo, H??ng Giang L?, Th? Lam Th?i, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):671-680.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.671

Cathepsin D (CatD, EC 3.4.23.5) is a member belonging to the subfamily of aspartic endopeptidases, which are classified into the MEROPS clan AA, family A1. Helminth parasites express a large set of different peptidases that play pivotal roles in parasite biology and pathophysiology. However, CatD is less well known than the other classes of peptidases in terms of biochemical properties and biological functions. In this study, we identified 2 novel CatDs (CsCatD1 and CsCatD2) of Clonorchis sinensis and partially characterized their properties. Both CsCatDs represent typical enzymes sharing amino acid residues and motifs that are tightly conserved in the CatD superfamily of proteins. Both CsCatDs showed similar patterns of expression in different developmental stages of C. sinensis, but CsCatD2 was also expressed in metacercariae. CsCatD2 was mainly expressed in the intestines and eggs of C. sinensis. Sera obtained from rats experimentally infected with C. sinensis reacted with recombinant CsCatD2 beginning 2 weeks after infection and the antibody titers were gradually increased by maturation of the parasite. Structural analysis of CsCatD2 revealed a bilobed enzyme structure consisting of 2 antiparallel β-sheet domains packed against each other forming a homodimeric structure. These results suggested a plausible biological role of CsCatD2 in the nutrition and reproduction of parasite and its potential utility as a serodiagnostic antigen in clonorchiasis.

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Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory proteins ameliorate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Moon-Ju Kim, Hee Min Yoo, Yu Jeong Lee, Hyun Hee Jang, Seung Cheol Shim, Eun Jeong Won, Tae-Jong Kim
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati larval cultures
Timothy K. Wu, Qin Fu, Janice L. Liotta, Dwight D. Bowman
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 332: 110331. CrossRef
An insight into the functional genomics and species classification of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae), a haematophagous parasite of the common carp Cyprinus carpio
Jiří Vorel, Nikol Kmentová, Christoph Hahn, Petr Bureš, Martin Kašný
BMC Genomics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
In silico identification of excretory/secretory proteins and drug targets in monogenean parasites
Víctor Caña-Bozada, Martha Chapa-López, Rubén D. Díaz-Martín, Alejandra García-Gasca, José Ángel Huerta-Ocampo, Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui, F. Neptalí Morales-Serna
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 93: 104931. CrossRef
pH-Dependent Structural Dynamics of Cathepsin D-Family Aspartic Peptidase of Clonorchis sinensis
Jung-Mi Kang, Hương Giang Lê, Byoung-Kuk Na, Won Gi Yoo
Pathogens.2021; 10(9): 1128. CrossRef
Dopaminergic antagonists inhibit bile chemotaxis of adult Clonorchis sinensis and its egg production
Fuhong Dai, Jin-Ho Song, Yeon Pyo Hong, Xuelian Bai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, jong-Yil Chai
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(3): e0008220. CrossRef
Identification and Analysis of the Tegument Protein and Excretory-Secretory Products of the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis
Yunliang Shi, Kai Yu, Anli Liang, Yan Huang, Fangqi Ou, Haiyan Wei, Xiaoling Wan, Yichao Yang, Weiyu Zhang, Zhihua Jiang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Yellow Fever Non-Structural Protein 1: Yeong Hoon Kim, Tae-Yun Kim, Ji-Seon Park, Jin Suk Park, Jihoo Lee, Joungdae Moon, Chom-Kyu Chong, Ivan Neves Junior, Fernando Raphael Ferry, Hye-Jin Ahn, Lokraj Bhatt, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):283-290.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.283

Abstract
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A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit was developed to detect non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of yellow fever virus (YFV) using monoclonal antibody. NS1 protein was purified from the cultured YFV and used to immunize mice. Monoclonal antibody to NS1 was selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the YFV NS1 RDT kit. The YFV RDTs were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity using positive and negative samples of monkeys from Brazil and negative human blood samples from Korea. Among monoclonal antibodies, clones 3A11 and 3B7 proved most sensitive, and used for YFV RDT kit. Diagnostic accuracy of YFV RDT was fairly high; Sensitivity was 0.0% and specificity was 100% against Dengue viruses type 2 and 3, Zika, Chikungunya and Mayaro viruses. This YFV RDT kit could be employed as a test of choice for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of YFV infection under clinical or field conditions in endemic areas and on the globe.

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Synthesis of Truncated DNA Aptamer and Its Application to an Electrochemical Biosensor Consisting of an Aptamer and a MXene Heterolayer for Yellow Fever Virus
Nayeon Kwon, Siyun Lee, Moonbong Jang, Jin-Ho Lee, Chulhwan Park, Taek Lee
BioChip Journal.2024; 18(1): 93. CrossRef
Challenges in Direct Detection of Flaviviruses: A Review
Bruna de Paula Dias, Camila Cavadas Barbosa, Cyntia Silva Ferreira, Samara Mayra Soares Alves dos Santos, Orlando Alfredo Pineda Arrieta, Wellington Carvalho Malta, Maria Laura Maximiano Dias Gomes, Mariela Alves e Silva, Júlia de Matos Fonseca, Lysandro
Pathogens.2023; 12(5): 643. CrossRef
A Chikungunya Virus Multiepitope Recombinant Protein Expressed from the Binary System Insect Cell/Recombinant Baculovirus Is Useful for Laboratorial Diagnosis of Chikungunya
Leonardo Assis da Silva, Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima, Brenda Rabello de Camargo, Dyeferson Kened da Silva Coelho Guimarães, Anabele Azevedo Lima Barbastefano, Raquel Curtinhas de Lima, Paulo Vieira Damasco, Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha, Luiz José de Souza,
Microorganisms.2022; 10(7): 1451. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein Eg mefAg-1 as a Serodiagnostic Candidate for Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep: Liu Tianli, Wang Xifeng, Tian Zhenzhong, Wang Lixia, Zhang Xingxing, Qiao Jun, Meng Qingling, Gong Shasha, Chen Ying, Cai Xuepeng; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):61-67.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.61

Abstract
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in sheep is a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). At present, serological test is an important diagnostic method for Eg infection in domestic animals. Here, a fusion protein Eg mefAg-1 harboring 8 dominant B-cell epitopes of Eg such as antigen B, tetraspanin 1, tetraspanin 6, reticulon and Eg95 was produced in E. coli and evaluated for CE in sheep by indirect ELISA. Eg mefAg-1 showed in ELISA a high sensitivity (93.41%) and specificity (99.31%), with a coincidence rate of 97.02%. Overall, it is suggested that the Eg mefAg-1 could be a potential antigen candidate for CE serodiagnosis in sheep.

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Rapid and non‐invasive detection of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum fluorescence spectrum combined with machine learning algorithms
Shengke Xu, Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Maierhaba Maimaitiaili, Jingrui Dou, Malike Aizezi, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Xiaoyi Lü, Guodong Lü
Journal of Biophotonics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis
Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Anna Julia Ribeiro, Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende, Carolina Alves Petit Couto, Isadora Braga Gandra, Isabelle Caroline dos Santos Barcelos, Jonatas Oliveira da Silva, Juliana Martins Machado, Kamila Alves Silva, Líria Souza Si
Microbial Cell Factories.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression and serodiagnostic efficacy of a novel echinococcosis-specific recombinant fusion antigen rAgB8/1-Em18-Eg95
Yang Xianwei, Wang Tao, Chen Yin, Wang Wentao
Parasitology.2024; 151(13): 1458. CrossRef
Rapid and accurate screening of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms
Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Jingrui Dou, Xiangxiang Zheng, Xiaoyi Lü, Hui Zhao, Lingfei Yang, Renyong Lin, Guodong Lü
Journal of Biophotonics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of a novel Echinococcus granulosus recombinant fusion B-EpC1 antigen for the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis using indirect ELISA in comparison with a commercial diagnostic ELISA kit
Enayat Darabi, Elahe Motevaseli, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Bagher Rokni, Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh, Farzaneh Zahabiun, Soudabeh Heidari, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Experimental Parasitology.2022; 240: 108339. CrossRef
Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infection by using extracts derived from a protoscoleces G1 cell line
Andrea Maglioco, Jorge Gentile, Melisa S. Barbery Venturi, Oscar Jensen, Claudia Hernández, María Laura Gertiser, Verónica Poggio, Gabriela Canziani, Alicia Graciela Fuchs
Parasite Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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An Evaluation of Active Case Detection in Malaria Control Program in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi District, Uganda: Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woo-Joo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Working Groups in ChildFund Korea , Uganda; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):625-632.
Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.625

Abstract
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Malaria remains one of the leading health burdens in the developing world, especially in several sub-Saharan Africa countries; and Uganda has some of the highest recorded measures of malaria transmission intensity in the world. It is evident that the prevalence of malaria infection, the incidence of disease, and mortality from severe malaria remain very high in Uganda. Although the recent stable political and economic situation in the last few decades in Uganda supported for a fairly good appreciation of malaria control, the declines in infection, morbidity, and mortality are not sufficient to interrupt transmission and this country is among the top 4 countries with cases of malaria, especially among children under 5 years of age. In fact, Uganda, which is endemic in over 95% of the country, is a representative of challenges facing malaria control in Africa. In this study, we evaluated an active case detection program in 6 randomly selected villages, Uganda. This program covered a potential target population of 5,017 individuals. Our team screened 12,257 samples of malaria by active case detection, every 4 months, from February 2015 to January 2017 in the 6 villages (a total of 6 times). This study assessed the perceptions and practices on malaria control in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi district, Uganda. Our study presents that the incidence of malaria is sustained high despite efforts to scale-up and improve the use of LLINs and access to ACDs, based on the average incidence confirmed by RDTs.

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The impact of mass screening and treatment interventions on malaria incidence and prevalence: a retrospective analysis of a malaria elimination programme in eastern Myanmar, and systematic review and meta-analysis
Jade D. Rae, Angela Devine, Chanapat Patekkham, Aung Myint Thu, Gilles Delmas, Daniel M. Parker, Richard J. Maude, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Ladda Kajeechiwa, May Myo Thwin, Saw Win Tun, Julie A. Simpson, François H. Nosten
Malaria Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship Between Market Environment Dimensions and Availability of Malaria Pills in Uganda
Pross Nagitta Oluka, Marcia Mkansi, George William Kajjumba
Global Advances in Health and Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Malaria vector control strategies. What is appropriate towards sustainable global eradication?
Joanne Atieno Ogunah, Joseph O. Lalah, Karl-Werner Schramm
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy.2020; 18: 100339. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performances of Two Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for Detection of Plasmodium spp. in Ugandan Patients with Malaria: Young Yil Bahk, Seo Hye Park, Woojoo Lee, Kyoung Jin, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):447-452.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.447

Abstract
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Prompt diagnosis of malaria cases with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely adopted as an effective malaria diagnostic tool in many malaria endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast result output, and straightforward interpretation. However, there has been controversy about the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the 2 commercially available malaria RDT kits, RapiGEN Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan EasyTestTM Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) for their abilities to detect Plasmodium species in blood samples collected from Ugandan patients with malaria. To evaluate the diagnostic performances of these 2 RDT kits, 229 blood samples were tested for malaria infection by microscopic examination and a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. The detection sensitivities for P. falciparum of Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan EasyTestTM Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) were 87.83% and 89.57%, respectively. The specificities of the 2 RDTs were 100% for P. falciparum and mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections. These results suggest that the 2 RDT kits showed reasonable levels of diagnostic performances for detection of the malaria parasites from Ugandan patients. However, neither kit could effectively detect P. falciparum infections with low parasitaemia (<500 parasites/μl).

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Banchamlak Tegegne, Endalkachew Nibret, Abaineh Munshea, Mekonnen Teferi, Mulat Yimer, Getaneh Alemu, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Dylan R. Pillai, Samuel Kofi Tchum
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Performance of a Novel P. falciparum Rapid Diagnostic Test in Areas of Widespread hrp2/3 Gene Deletion
Aynalem Mandefro, Xavier C Ding, Jocelyn Farge, Gezahegn Solomon Alemayehu, Geletta Tadele, Bacha Mekonen, Yirgalem Gebrehiwot, Nega Berhe, Berhanu Erko, Hannah C Slater, Greg T Bizilj, Rebecca Barney, Allison Golden, Gonzalo J Domingo, Lemu Golassa
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Tolulope Adeyemi Kayode, Agyapong Kofi Addo, Thomas Kwame Addison, Austine Tweneboah, Stephen Opoku Afriyie, Dawood Ackom Abbas, Ayesha Seth, Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah, Kingsley Badu, Cristian Koepfli
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Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
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Development of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit to Detect IgG/IgM Antibody against Zika Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies to the Envelope and Non-structural Protein 1 of the Virus: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Yanaihara Pinchemel, Francis Reisdo?rfer, Joyce Brito Coelho, Ronaldo Ferreira Dias, Pan Kee Bae, Zuinara Pereira Maia Gusma?o, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):61-70.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.61

Abstract
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We developed a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kit for detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against Zika virus (ZIKV) using monoclonal antibodies to the envelope (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of ZIKV. These proteins were produced using baculovirus expression vector with Sf9 cells. Monoclonal antibodies J2G7 to NS1 and J5E1 to E protein were selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the Zika IgG/IgM RDT kit (Zika RDT). Comparisons with ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and PCR were done to investigate the analytical sensitivity of Zika RDT, which resulted in 100% identical results. Sensitivity and specificity of Zika RDT in a field test was determined using positive and negative samples from Brazil and Korea. The diagnostic accuracy of Zika RDT was fairly high; sensitivity and specificity for IgG was 99.0 and 99.3%, respectively, while for IgM it was 96.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Cross reaction with dengue virus was evaluated using anti-Dengue Mixed Titer Performance Panel (PVD201), in which the Zika RDT showed cross-reactions with DENV in 16.7% and 5.6% in IgG and IgM, respectively. Cross reactions were not observed with West Nile, yellow fever, and hepatitis C virus infected sera. Zika RDT kit is very simple to use, rapid to assay, and very sensitive, and highly specific. Therefore, it would serve as a choice of method for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of ZIKV infection under clinical or field conditions worldwide in endemic areas.

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Chia-Jung Li, Ping-Han Huang, Hui-Wen Chen, Shih-Chung Chang
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(11): 4663. CrossRef
Recent advances in point-of-care biosensors for the diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases
Patricia Batista Deroco, Dagwin Wachholz Junior, Lauro Tatsuo Kubota
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2021; 349: 130821. CrossRef
Solutions against emerging infectious and noninfectious human diseases through the application of baculovirus technologies
Alexandra Marisa Targovnik, Jorge Alejandro Simonin, Gregorio Juan Mc Callum, Ignacio Smith, Franco Uriel Cuccovia Warlet, María Victoria Nugnes, María Victoria Miranda, Mariano Nicolás Belaich
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(21-22): 8195. CrossRef
Strategies for developing sensitive and specific nanoparticle-based lateral flow assays as point-of-care diagnostic device
Jun Hui Soh, Hsi-Min Chan, Jackie Y. Ying
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Evolutions and upcoming on Zika virus diagnosis through an outbreak: A systematic review
Fernando A. Jorge, Mateus V. Thomazella, Deborah de Castro Moreira, Luciana D. G. Lopes, Jorge J. V. Teixeira, Dennis A. Bertolini
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Zika virus serological diagnosis: commercial tests and monoclonal antibodies as tools
Isaura Beatriz Borges Silva, Aldacilene Souza da Silva, Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Aline Diniz Cabral, Kelly Cristina Alves de Oliveira, Elizabeth De Gaspari, Carlos Roberto Prudencio
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ZIKV-Specific NS1 Epitopes as Serological Markers of Acute Zika Virus Infection
Yiu-Wing Kam, Juliana Almeida Leite, Siti Naqiah Amrun, Fok-Moon Lum, Wearn-Xin Yee, Farhana Abu Bakar, Kai Er Eng, David C Lye, Yee-Sin Leo, Chia-Yin Chong, Andre Ricardo Ribas Freitas, Guilherme Paier Milanez, Jose Luiz Proença-Modena, Laurent Rénia, Fa
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 283. CrossRef
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E. I. Kazachinskaya, D. V. Shan’shin, A. V. Ivanova
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Generation and Characterization of a Polyclonal Antibody Against NS1 Protein for Detection of Zika Virus
Liding Zhang, Congjie Chen, Zhixin Chen, Shuzhen He, Yuzhu Song, Xueshan Xia, Qinqin Han, Jinyang Zhang
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Chaperones, Membrane Trafficking and Signal Transduction Proteins Regulate Zaire Ebola Virus trVLPs and Interact With trVLP Elements
Dong-Shan Yu, Tian-Hao Weng, Chen-Yu Hu, Zhi-Gang Wu, Yan-Hua Li, Lin-Fang Cheng, Nan-Ping Wu, Lan-Juan Li, Hang-Ping Yao
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Analysis of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in normal healthy Thais
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Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT among the Residents of Seokmo-do (Island) in Ganghwa-Gun, Incheon City, Korea: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):9-13.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.9

Abstract
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of Seokmo-do (Island) in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, Korea was surveyed for 4 years by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) using recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A. Sera from 312, 343, 390, and 362 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis from 2010 to 2013, respectively. Total positive seroprevalence regardless of gender was 29.2, 35.3, 38.7, and 45.3% from 2010 to 2013, respectively. Positive seroprevalence in male adults was 43.9, 48.2, 45.4, and 55.3%, which was far higher than that of the corresponding female adults which was 20.7, 29.2, 33.9, and 38.9%, from 2010 to 2013, respectively. This high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Seokmo-do may have been caused in part by peculiar changes in the toxoplasmic environment of the island as it is a relatively isolated area preserving its natural habitat while also being connected by a bridge to the mainland. Further study is necessary to find out symptomatic patients and to confirm the risk factors.

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Clinical characteristics of toxoplasmosis patients in Korea: A retrospective study using health insurance review and assessment service data and electronic medical records
Do-Won Ham, Bong-Kwang Jung, Ji-Hun Shin, Yong Joon Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo, Seung Mi Lee, Jae Hyoung Im, Jeong-Ran Kwon, Ho-Sung Lee, Kyung-Won Hwang, Eun-Hee Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 424. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Serological and molecular rapid diagnostic tests for Toxoplasma infection in humans and animals
Amjad Hayat Khan, Rahmah Noordin
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2020; 39(1): 19. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Gyodong-Myeon and Samsan-Myeon, Ganghwa-Gun, Korea
Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef

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Internal Amplification Control for a Cryptosporidium Diagnostic PCR: Construction and Clinical Evaluation: Yousry Hawash, M. M. Ghonaim, Ayman S. Al-Hazmi; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):147-154.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.147

Abstract
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Various constituents in clinical specimens, particularly feces, can inhibit the PCR assay and lead to false-negative results. To ensure that negative results of a diagnostic PCR assay are true, it should be properly monitored by an inhibition control. In this study, a cloning vector harboring a modified target DNA sequence (?375 bp) was constructed to be used as a competitive internal amplification control (IAC) for a conventional PCR assay that detects ?550 bp of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene sequence in human feces. Modification of the native PCR target was carried out using a new approach comprising inverse PCR and restriction digestion techniques. IAC was included in the assay, with the estimated optimum concentration of 1 fg per reaction, as duplex PCR. When applied on fecal samples spiked with variable oocysts counts, ?2 oocysts were theoretically enough for detection. When applied on 25 Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples of various infection intensities, both targets were clearly detected with minimal competition noticed in 2-3 samples. Importantly, both the analytical and the diagnostic sensitivities of the PCR assay were not altered with integration of IAC into the reactions. When tried on 180 randomly collected fecal samples, 159 were Cryptosporidium-negatives. Although the native target DNA was absent, the IAC amplicon was obviously detected on gel of all the Cryptosporidium-negative samples. These results imply that running of the diagnostic PCR, inspired with the previously developed DNA extraction protocol and the constructed IAC, represents a useful tool for Cryptosporidium detection in human feces.

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Critical evaluation of current isolation, detection, and genotyping methods of Cryptosporidium species and future direction
Rabbee G. Mahmudunnabi, Surasak Kasetsirikul, Narshone Soda, Mohamed Sallam, Amandeep Singh Pannu, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Helen Stratton, Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
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Nucleic acid extraction without electrical equipment via magnetic nanoparticles in Pasteur pipettes for pathogen detection
Jia Kang, Yang Li, Yan Zhao, Yanling Wang, Cuiping Ma, Chao Shi
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Comparative evaluation of Cryptosporidium infection in malnourished and well-nourished children: Parasitic infections are affected by the interaction of nutritional status and socio-demographic characteristics
Solmaz Madadi, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Mandana Rafeey, Adel Spotin, Nayyereh Aminisani, Leyla Mahami-Oskouei, Roghayeh Ghoyounchi, Reza Berahmat
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2020; 68: 101406. CrossRef
An optimized assay for detecting Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy calf feces using polymerase chain reaction technology
M. C. Jenkins, C. N. O’Brien, C. Parker
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(1): 75. CrossRef
Coproscopy and molecular screening for detection of intestinal protozoa
Marawan Abu-Madi, Sonia Boughattas, Jerzy M. Behnke, Aarti Sharma, Ahmed Ismail
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Internal PCR Control (IPC) for Human Mitochondrial DNA Typing Kit
Ishar Seri Miria, Abdullah Nur Azeela, Zainuddin Zafarina
Journal of Biological Sciences.2017; 17(8): 410. CrossRef
RT-PCR specific for Cryspovirus is a highly sensitive method for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
Mark Jenkins, Celia O'Brien, Raymond Fetterer, Monica Santin
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2016; 5: 14. CrossRef
An Improved PCR-RFLP Assay for Detection and Genotyping of Asymptomatic Giardia lamblia Infection in a Resource-Poor Setting
Yoursry Hawash, M. M. Ghonaim, S. S. Al-Shehri
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(1): 1. CrossRef
Clinical consequences of polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections
Lucas H Rijsman, Jan F Monkelbaan, Johannes G Kusters
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2016; 31(11): 1808. CrossRef

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Evaluation of the Accuracy of the EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag, a Rapid Diagnostic Test, in Uganda: Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jin Su Kim, Jin-Soo Lee, Sung-Keun Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Hak-Yong Kim, Yun-Kyu Park, Seok Ho Cha, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):501-505.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.501

Abstract
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In recent years, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been widely used for malaria detection, primarily because of their simple operation, fast results, and straightforward interpretation. The Asan EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag is one of the most commonly used malaria RDTs in several countries, including Korea and India. In this study, we tested the diagnostic performance of this RDT in Uganda to evaluate its usefulness for field diagnosis of malaria in this country. Microscopic and PCR analyses, and the Asan EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag rapid diagnostic test, were performed on blood samples from 185 individuals with suspected malaria in several villages in Uganda. Compared to the microscopic analysis, the sensitivity of the RDT to detect malaria infection was 95.8% and 83.3% for Plasmodium falciparum and non-P. falciparum, respectively. Although the diagnostic sensitivity of the RDT decreased when parasitemia was ≤500 parasites/?l, it showed 96.8% sensitivity (98.4% for P. falciparum and 93.8% for non-P. falciparum) in blood samples with parasitemia ≥100 parasites/?l. The specificity of the RDT was 97.3% for P. falciparum and 97.3% for non-P. falciparum. These results collectively suggest that the accuracy of the Asan EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag makes it an effective point-of-care diagnostic tool for malaria in Uganda.

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Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda
Bosco B. Agaba, Simon P. Rugera, Ruth Mpirirwe, Martha Atekat, Samuel Okubal, Khalid Masereka, Miseal Erionu, Bosco Adranya, Gertrude Nabirwa, Patrick B. Odong, Yasin Mukiibi, Isaac Ssewanyana, Susan Nabadda, Enoch Muwanguzi
Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenases in Myanmar isolates
Jinyoung Lee, Tae Im Kim, Hương Giang Lê, Won Gi Yoo, Jung-Mi Kang, Seong-Kyu Ahn, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na
Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Limitations of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria surveys in areas with varied transmission intensity in Uganda 2017-2019: Implications for selection and use of HRP2 RDTs
Agaba B. Bosco, Joaniter I. Nankabirwa, Adoke Yeka, Sam Nsobya, Karryn Gresty, Karen Anderson, Paul Mbaka, Christiane Prosser, David Smith, Jimmy Opigo, Rhoda Namubiru, Emmanuel Arinaitwe, John Kissa, Samuel Gonahasa, Sungho Won, Bora Lee, Chae Seung Lim,
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(12): e0244457. CrossRef
An Update on Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Avinash N. Mukkala, Jason Kwan, Rachel Lau, David Harris, Dylan Kain, Andrea K. Boggild
Current Infectious Disease Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performances of Two Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for Detection of Plasmodium spp. in Ugandan Patients with Malaria
Young Yil Bahk, Seo Hye Park, Woojoo Lee, Kyoung Jin, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 447. CrossRef
An Evaluation of Active Case Detection in Malaria Control Program in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi District, Uganda
Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woo-Joo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 625. CrossRef
Comparison of the diagnostic performance of microscopic examination with nested polymerase chain reaction for optimum malaria diagnosis in Upper Myanmar
Jung-Mi Kang, Pyo-Yun Cho, Mya Moe, Jinyoung Lee, Hojong Jun, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tae Im Kim, Jhang Ho Pak, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na
Malaria Journal.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
A Cluster Randomised Trial Introducing Rapid Diagnostic Tests into Registered Drug Shops in Uganda: Impact on Appropriate Treatment of Malaria
Anthony K. Mbonye, Pascal Magnussen, Sham Lal, Kristian S. Hansen, Bonnie Cundill, Clare Chandler, Siân E. Clarke, Roly D Gosling
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(7): e0129545. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting 18S Ribosomal DNA for Rapid Detection of Azumiobodo hoyamushi (Kinetoplastea): Su-Min Song, Dinzouna-Boutamba Sylvatrie-Danne, So-Young Joo, Yun Kyung Shin, Hak Sun Yu, Yong-Seok Lee, Ji-Eon Jung, Noboru Inoue, Won Kee Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):305-310.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.305

Abstract
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Ascidian soft tunic syndrome (AsSTS) caused by Azumiobodo hoyamushi (A. hoyamushi) is a serious aquaculture problem that results in mass mortality of ascidians. Accordingly, the early and accurate detection of A. hoyamushi would contribute substantially to disease management and prevention of transmission. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was adopted for clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, the authors describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting the 18S rDNA gene for detection of A. hoyamushi using ascidian DNA for the diagnosis of AsSTS. A. hoyamushi LAMP assay amplified the DNA of 0.01 parasites per reaction and detected A. hoyamushi in 10 ng of ascidian DNA. To validate A. hoyamushi 18S rDNA LAMP assays, AsSTS-suspected and non-diseased ascidians were examined by microscopy, PCR, and by using the LAMP assay. When PCR was used as a gold standard, the LAMP assay showed good agreement in terms of sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). In the present study, a LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient as DNA extraction using a commercial kit for detecting A. hoyamushi. Taken together, this study shows the devised A. hoyamushi LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AsSTS in a straightforward, sensitive, and specific manner, that it could be used for forecasting, surveillance, and quarantine of AsSTS.

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Measurement of Tunic Hardness in an Edible Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, with Remarks on Soft Tunic Syndrome
Euichi Hirose, Kei Nakayama, Tetsuya Yanagida, Akatsuki Nawata, Shin-Ichi Kitamura
Zoological Science.2018; 35(6): 548. CrossRef

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Original Articles

DNA Extraction from Protozoan Oocysts/Cysts in Feces for Diagnostic PCR: Yousry Hawash; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):263-271.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.263

Abstract
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PCR detection of intestinal protozoa is often restrained by a poor DNA recovery or by inhibitors present in feces. The need for an extraction protocol that can overcome these obstacles is therefore clear. QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen) was evaluated for its ability to recover DNA from oocysts/cysts directly from feces. Twenty-five Giardia-positive, 15 Cryptosporidium-positive, 15 Entamoeba histolytica-positive, and 45 protozoa-free samples were processed as control by microscopy and immunoassay tests. DNA extracts were amplified using 3 sets of published primers. Following the manufacturer's protocol, the kit showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% towards Giardia and Entamoeba. However, for Cryptosporidium, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% (9/15) and 100%, respectively. A series of optimization experiments involving various steps of the kit's protocol were conducted using Cryptosporidium-positive samples. The best DNA recoveries were gained by raising the lysis temperature to the boiling point for 10 min and the incubation time of the InhibitEX tablet to 5 min. Also, using a pre-cooled ethanol for nucleic acid precipitation and small elution volume (50-100 ?l) were valuable. The sensitivity of the amended protocol to Cryptosporidium was raised to 100%. Cryptosporidium DNA was successfully amplified by either the first or the second primer set. When applied on parasite-free feces spiked with variable oocysts/cysts counts, ? 2 oocysts/cysts were theoretically enough for detection by PCR. To conclude, the Qiagen kit with the amended protocol was proved to be suitable for protozoan DNA extraction directly from feces and support PCR diagnosis.

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Sohail Naushad, Ruimin Gao, Marc-Olivier Duceppe, Andree Ann Dupras, Sarah J. Reiling, Harriet Merks, Brent Dixon, Dele Ogunremi
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Probability of Antibody Formation against Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium vivax among Korean Malaria Patients: Ho-Woo Nam, Kyoung Ju Song, Hye Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):143-149.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.143

Abstract
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To evaluate the seroprevalence against circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium vivax in sera of Korean patients, the central repeating domain (CRD) of CSP was cloned and analyzed. From the genomic DNA of patient's blood, 2 kinds of CSPs were identified to belong to a VK210 type, which is the dominant repeating of GDRA(D/A)GQPA, and named as PvCSPA and PvCSPB. Recombinantly expressed his-tagged PvCSPA or PvCSPB in Escherichia coli reacted well against sera of patients in western blot, with the detecting rate of 47.9% (58/121), which included 15 cases positive for PvCSPA, 6 cases positive for PvCSPB, and 37 cases for both. The mixture of PvCSPA and PvCSPB was loaded to a rapid diagnostic test kit (RDT) and applied with the same set of patient sera, which resulted in detection rates of 57.0% (69/121). When the protein sequences of PvCSPA were compared with those of P. vivax in endemic regions of India and Uganda, they were compatibly homologous to PvCSPA with minor mutations. These results suggested that the recombinant PvCSPA and PvCSPB loaded RDT may be a milestone in latent diagnosis which has been a hot issue of domestic malaria and important for radical therapy in overlapped infections with P. falciparum in tropical and subtropical areas. During the biological process of malarial infection, exposure of CSP to antigen-antibody reaction up to 57.0% is the first report in Korea.

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Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
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Seda Yerlikaya, Ewurama D A Owusu, Augustina Frimpong, Robert Kirk DeLisle, Xavier C Ding
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2022; 74(1): 40. CrossRef
Structure-genetic diversity and recombinant protein of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of vivax malaria antigen: A potential malaria vaccine candidate
Vahid Raissi, Soudabeh Etemadi, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Ahmad Mehravaran, Omid Raiesi
Gene Reports.2021; 23: 101132. CrossRef
Serological responses to a soluble recombinant circumsporozoite protein-VK210 of Plasmodium vivax (rPvCSP-VK210) among Iranian malaria patients
Mehdi Nateghpour, Soudabeh Etemadi, Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Hamid Eslami, Mehdi Mohebali, Leila Farivar
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis
Francis D. Krampa, Yaw Aniweh, Prosper Kanyong, Gordon A. Awandare
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Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax msp-3α polymorphisms: analysis in the Indian subcontinent
Anju Verma, Hema Joshi, Vineeta Singh, Anup Anvikar, Neena Valecha
Malaria Journal.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Toxoplasmosis using Recombinant Antigenic N-terminal Half of SAG1 Linked with Intrinsically Unstructured Domain of GRA2 Protein: Kyoung Ju Song, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Jin-Soo Kim, Kyung Chan Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):503-510.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.503

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with a broad host range of most warm-blooded mammals including humans, of which one-thirds of the human population has been infected worldwide which can cause congenital defects, abortion, and neonatal complications. Here, we developed a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for T. gondii infection. Antigenic N-terminal half of the major surface antigen (SAG1) was linked with intrinsically unstructured domain (IUD) of dense granule protein 2 (GRA2). The recombinant GST-GRA2-SAG1A protein was successfully expressed and purified as 51 kDa of molecular weight. Furthermore, antigenicity and solubility of the rGST-GRA2-SAG1A protein were significantly increased. The overall specificity and sensitivity of GST-GRA2-SAG1A loaded RDT (TgRDT) were estimated as 100% and 97.1% by comparing with ELISA result which uses T. gondii whole cell lysates as the antigen. The TgRDT tested with Uganda people sera for field trial and showed 31.9% of seroprevalence against T. gondii antibody. The TgRDT is proved to be a kit for rapid and easy to use with high accuracy, which would be a suitable serodiagnostic tool for toxoplasmosis.

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Jianzhong Wang, Yi Zhao, Jicheng Qiu, Jing Liu, Rui Zhou, Xialin Ma, Xiaojie Wu, Xiaoguang Li, Wei Mao, Yiduo Liu, Heng Zhang
Veterinary Sciences.2025; 12(6): 509. CrossRef
Application of gold immunochromatographic assay strip combined with digital evaluation for early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in multiple species
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Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Single Cell Expression Systems for the Production of Recombinant Proteins for Immunodiagnosis and Immunoprophylaxis of Toxoplasmosis
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, PR China
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PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0286430. CrossRef
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Frank Seeber
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Serological and molecular rapid diagnostic tests for Toxoplasma infection in humans and animals
Amjad Hayat Khan, Rahmah Noordin
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Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef
Identification of novel antigens for serum IgG diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis
Juntao Luo, Jingyi Wan, Ziru Tang, Shuang Shen
Experimental Parasitology.2019; 204: 107722. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis with ELISA and Rapid Diagnostic Test among Residents in Gyodong-do, Inchon city, Korea: A Four-Year Follow-up
Yeong Hoon Kim, Ji hoo Lee, Seong kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 247. CrossRef
Development of direct assays for Toxoplasma gondii and its use in genomic DNA sample
Lívia M. Alves, Vinícius R. Rodovalho, Ana C.H. Castro, Márcia A.R. Freitas, Caroline M. Mota, Tiago W.P. Mineo, José R. Mineo, João M. Madurro, Ana G. Brito-Madurro
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT in Residents near the DMZ (demilitarized zone) of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 385. CrossRef
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Ho-Woo Nam, Kyoung Ju Song, Hye Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 143. CrossRef
High Expression of Water-Soluble Recombinant Antigenic Domains ofToxoplasma gondii Secretory Organelles
Zhaoshou Yang, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(4): 367. CrossRef

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Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Serodiagnostic Test for Toxoplasmosis of Cats Using Recombinant SAG1 Antigen: Chom-Kyu Chong, Wooseog Jeong, Hak-Yong Kim, Dong-Jun An, Hye-Young Jeoung, Jeong-Eun Ryu, A-Ra Ko, Yong-Joo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Zhaoshou Yang, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):207-212.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.207

Abstract
PDF

Rapid serodiagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats are urgently needed for effective control of transmission routes toward human infections. In this work, 4 recombinant T. gondii antigens (SAG1, SAG2, GRA3, and GRA6) were produced and tested for the development of rapid diagnostic test (RDT). The proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, affinity-purified, and applied onto the nitrocellulose membrane of the test strip. The recombinant SAG1 (rSAG1) showed the strongest antigenic activity and highest specificity among them. We also performed clinical evaluation of the rSAG1-loaded RDT in 182 cat sera (55 household and 127 stray cats). The kit showed 0.88 of kappa value comparing with a commercialized ELISA kit, which indicated a significant correlation between rSAG1-loaded RDT and the ELISA kit. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RDT were 100% (23/23) and 99.4% (158/159), respectively. The rSAG1-loaded RDT is rapid, easy to use, and highly accurate. Thus, it would be a suitable diagnostic tool for rapid detection of antibodies in T. gondii-infected cats under field conditions.

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Early recognized antigen (p34) of Toxoplasma gondii after peroral ingestion of tissue cyst forming strain (Me49 strain) in mice: Yun-Kyu Park, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(3):157-162.
Published online September 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.3.157

Abstract
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Serum from mouse orally ingested with tissue cyst forming strain (Me49) of Toxoplasma gondii was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescene assay (IFA) to establish early responses in antigenicity of the parasite in mouse model of foodborne toxoplasmosis. Sera were collected weekly to blot the RH antigen transferred onto nitrocellulose paper after being separated by 12% SDS-PAGE. With the second week serum, 34 kDa protein (p34) was detected uniquely, and all antigens of T. gondii were detected with the sera from 3 or 4 weeks. p34 was not a member of the major surface membrane proteins and confirmed to be localized in the rhoptry by IFA. It was secreted into parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) during the entry into host cells. When applied to the human sera of which the ELISA absorbance was in negative range, 10.3% of sera detected p34, while all the ELISA positive sera detected the band. It has diagnostic usefulness of presumed T. gondii infection. We suggest the name of the p34 protein as ROP9.

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