Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Mini Review

Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea: Woon-Mok Sohn; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):1-29.
Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23096

This article analyzed the infection characteristics of metacercariae of Metagonimus spp. (MsMc) in fish from 9 major water systems in Korea. A total of 19,568 fish in 87 species were examined over a period of 10 years (2011–2020). MsMc were detected in fish from all 44 survey areas in 9 water systems. Most of the surveyed sites showed very low and low infection levels (66.7%), while 33.3% of the areas, such as Tamjin-gang and Seomjin-gang, revealed moderate and high infection levels. High endemicity depends on the abundance of susceptible fish species, especially sweet smelt (Plecoglosus altivelis). The susceptibility index (SI) with MsMc in index fish, Zacco spp., was very low and low levels in 62.0%, moderate in 28.0%, and high in 10.0% regions. The SI was highest in the following order: Yeongam-cheon (283.8), Hoeng-cheon (192.3), Togyo-jeosuji (131.2), Deokcheon-gang (119.1), and Joyang-gang (106.3). The recent infection status of MsMc in P. altivelis was analyzed by the survey localities. In addition, except for P. altivelis, 9 fish species were highly infected with MsMc in some survey areas, including Zacco platypus, Z. koreanus, Z. temminckii, Opsariichthys uncirostris, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Carassius auratus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, Onchorhynchus masou, and Tribolodon hakonensis. In Korea, 74 fish species (15 families) are collectively listed as second intermediate hosts of Metagonimus spp. This review provides several novel characteristics of MsMc infection and clarifies the fish species of second intermediate host of Metagonimus spp. in this country.

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Detection of intestinal parasites in leopard cat fecal samples using shotgun metagenomics
Jun Ho Choi, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Dongjun Kang, Du-Yeol Choi, Xavier Chavarria, Arwa Shatta, Yoon Hee Cho, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(4): 349. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Effects of histamine and antihistamine on the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis during blood sucking: Mohammad Saiful Islam, Abul Fatah Shah Muhammad Talha, Myung-Jo You; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):172-182.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22068

Abstract
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At the time of host attachment, ticks are very sensitive to histamine, but during rapid blood sucking they paradoxically require histamine. Using a rabbit model, we studied the effects of histamine and antihistamine during attachment and fast-feeding in different life stages of Haemaphysalis longicorns. We examined how they responded to histamine and antihistamine by analyzing the detachment rate, histology of feeding lesions, and post-feeding behavior. A significant difference (P<0.01) was found in the detachment rate between experimental and control treatments throughout the observation period. Ticks exhibited a higher detachment rate (30.1%) at 12 h after histamine application during attachment time and on antihistamine-treated skin (25.4%) at 96 h during fast-feeding. After feeding on histamine-treated rabbits, the fully engorged body weights of larvae and nymphs were 0.7±0.36 mg and 3.5±0.65 mg, respectively. An average increase in body weight of 0.6±0.05 mg and 3.2±0.30 mg was observed for larvae and nymphs compared to the respective control weights. Nymphs and adults engorged after antihistamine treatment had an average body weight of 1.3±0.54 mg and 54±0.81 mg, respectively. An average decrease in body weight was observed in antihistamine-treated H. longicornis compared with control nymphs (3.3±0.42 mg) and adults (174±1.78 mg). Skin biopsies were collected after treatment, and differential histopathological characteristics were found between the treatment and control groups. Tick-infested skin collected from rabbits in the antihistamine-treated group lacked erythrocytes in the feeding pool, indicating that antihistamine impaired tick fast-feeding stage.

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Comparative analysis of essential oil efficacy against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)
Mohammad Saiful Islam, Md. Samiul Haque, Myung-Jo You
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(2): 217. CrossRef
Salp14 epitope-based mRNA vaccination induces early recognition of a tick bite
Yingjun Cui, Balasubramanian Cibichakravarthy, Xiaotian Tang, Mohamad G. Alameh, Garima Dwivedi, Drew Weissman, Erol Fikrig
Vaccine.2024; 42(24): 126304. CrossRef

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Kinesin-13, a Motor Protein, is Regulated by Polo-like Kinase in Giardia lamblia: Eun-Ah Park, Juri Kim, Mee Young Shin, Soon-Jung Park; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):163-172.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.163

Kinesin-13 (Kin-13), a depolymerizer of microtubule (MT), has been known to affect the length of Giardia. Giardia Kin-13 (GlKin-13) was localized to axoneme, flagellar tips, and centrosomes, where phosphorylated forms of Giardia polo-like kinase (GlPLK) were distributed. We observed the interaction between GlKin-13 and GlPLK via co-immunoprecipitation using transgenic Giardia cells expressing Myc-tagged GlKin-13, hemagglutinin-tagged GlPLK, and in vitro-synthesized GlKin-13 and GlPLK proteins. In vitro-synthesized GlPLK was demonstrated to auto-phosphorylate and phosphorylate GlKin-13 upon incubation with [γ-³²P]ATP. Morpholino-mediated depletion of both GlKin-13 and GlPLK caused an extension of flagella and a decreased volume of median bodies in Giardia trophozoites. Our results suggest that GlPLK plays a pertinent role in formation of flagella and median bodies by modulating MT depolymerizing activity of GlKin-13.

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Giardia intraflagellar transport protein 88 is involved in flagella formation
Hye Rim Yeo, Mee Young Shin, Juri Kim, Soon-Jung Park
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(1): 12. CrossRef
In silico characterisation of a mitotic kinesin-related protein from Leishmania donovani KE16
Suad Gazi AL Kufi, Amjed Qays Ibrahim Alqaisi, Mohammad Mahmoud Farhan Al- Halbosiy, Ikhlass Ali Hussain AlHilaly
Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.2025; : 62. CrossRef
Optimization of 18 S rRNA metabarcoding for the simultaneous diagnosis of intestinal parasites
Dongjun Kang, Jun Ho Choi, Myungjun Kim, Sohyeon Yun, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Tai-Soon Yong, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin, Ju Yeong Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Functional Differentiation of Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Giardia lamblia
Juri Kim, Eun-Ah Park, Mee Young Shin, Soon-Jung Park, Björn F. C. Kafsack
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Tubulin as a potential molecular target for resveratrol in Giardia lamblia trophozoites, in vitro and in silico approaches
José Roberto Vargas-Villanueva, Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Mariana Garza-Ontiveros, Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores, Lizeth Guadalupe Campos-Múzquiz, Dagoberto Vazquez-Obregón, Raul Rodriguez-Herrera, Lissethe Palomo-Ligas
Acta Tropica.2023; 248: 107026. CrossRef

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4 Web of Science
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Mini Review

Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea: Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):79-96.
Published online April 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.79

The infection nature of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (CsMc) in freshwater fish hosts is closely related to the transmission of human clonorchiasis. This article reviewed the infection characteristics of CsMc in freshwater fish in the Republic of Korea (Korea). The status of CsMc infection was examined in a total of 17,792 cyprinid fish of 49 species in 9 water systems, which included Hantan-/Imjin-gang, Han-gang, Geum-gang, Mangyeong-gang, Yeongsan-gang, Tamjin-gang, Seomjin-gang, Nakdong-gang, and streams in the east coastal areas from 2010 to 2020. The infection status of CsMc was examined according to cyprinid fish species and water systems, after which analyzed by endemicity and susceptibility index. The high endemicity was shown in the cyprinid fish from 3 regions (6.1%) in the upper reaches of Nakdong-gang, such as Banbyeon-cheon (stream), Yongjeon-cheon, and Wi-cheon. The moderate levels were observed in fishes from 8 regions (16.3%), and low endemicity was shown in fishes from 20 regions (40.8%). No CsMc were detected in fish from 18 regions (36.7%). The susceptibility of CsMc in index fish, Puntungia herzi, was found to be a reliable index without examination of other fish species. CsMc infection rates were closely related to subfamily groups in the cyprinid fish hosts in a highly endemic area. In Korea, a total of 58 fish species in 10 families has been listed as the second intermediate hosts for C. sinensis. This review provides several novel features of CsMc infection and clarifies the species of second intermediate freshwater fish host in Korea.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiparasitism in Spain in a Korean Visiting Friends and Relatives: Case Report and Review of Imported Cases of Clonorchis sinensis in Europe
Paola Cociancic, Jacklyn Comas, J. Guillermo Esteban
Clinical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control
Men-Bao Qian, Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1. CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef

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5 Web of Science
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Original Article

Hypolobocera guayaquilensis (Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae): A New Crab Intermediate Host of Paragonimus mexicanus in Manab? Province, Ecuador: Manuel Calvopina, Daniel Romero-Alvarez, Melina Rendon, Hidekazu Takagi, Hiromu Sugiyama; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):189-194.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.189

Abstract
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To determine that Paragonimus sp. is actively transmitted in a tropical area of the Pacific region of Ecuador where human cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis have recently been documented, a total of 75 freshwater crabs were collected from 2 different streams in the Pedernales area of Manab? Province, Ecuador. All collected crabs were identified as Hypolobocera guayaquilensis based on morphological characteristics of the male gonopods. The hepatopancreas of each crab was examined by compressing it between 2 glass plates followed by observation under a stereomicroscope. Excysted Paragonimus metacercariae were detected in 39 (52.0%) crabs and their densities varied from 1 to 32 per infected crab. There was a positive relationship between crab size and metacercarial density. Sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene of the Paragonimus metacercariae obtained in this study were identical to those of Paragonimus mexicanus deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database. Thus, the present study is the first to confirm that the crab species H. guayaquilensis is the second intermediate host of P. mexicanus in Manab? Province, Ecuador. Because this crab might be the possible source of human infections in this area, residents should pay attention to improper crab-eating habits related with a neglected parasitic disease, i.e., paragonimiasis.

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Alfredo Maldonado-Barrueco, Sol María San José-Villar, Julio García-Rodríguez, Marina Alguacil-Guillén, Álvaro López-Janeiro, Elena Trigo-Esteban, Marta Díaz-Menéndez, Guillermo Ruiz-Carrascoso, Bobbi S. Pritt
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of landscape and human settlement on the genetic differentiation and presence of Paragonimus species in Mesoamerica
Patricia Landaverde-González, Julie Osgood, Carlos A. Montenegro Quiñonez, Vivian Monzón, Antonieta Rodas, Carlota Monroy
International Journal for Parasitology.2022; 52(1): 13. CrossRef
General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
Liver fluke infections by Amphimerus sp. (Digenea: Opisthorchiidae) in definitive and fish intermediate hosts in Manabí province, Ecuador
Daniel Romero-Alvarez, Gabriela Valverde-Muñoz, Manuel Calvopina, Maira Rojas, William Cevallos, Hideo Kumazawa, Hidekazu Takagi, Hiromu Sugiyama, jong-Yil Chai
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(6): e0008286. CrossRef

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117 Download
5 Web of Science
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Brief Communications

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting Actin DNA of Trichomonas vaginalis: Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):329-334.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.329

Abstract
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Trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted disease. Its association with several health problems, including preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, emphasizes the importance of improved access to early and accurate detection of T. vaginalis. In this study, a rapid and efficient loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based method for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed and validated, using vaginal swab specimens from subjects suspected to have trichomoniasis. The LAMP assay targeting the actin gene was highly sensitive with detection limits of 1 trichomonad and 1 pg of T. vaginalis DNA per reaction, and specifically amplified the target gene only from T. vaginalis. Validation of this assay showed that it had the highest sensitivity and better agreement with PCR (used as the gold standard) compared to microscopy and multiplex PCR. This study showed that the LAMP assay, targeting the actin gene, could be used to diagnose early infections of T. vaginalis. Thus, we have provided an alternative molecular diagnostic tool and a point-of-care test that may help to prevent trichomoniasis transmission and associated complications.

Citations

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Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review
Yasaman Ahmadi, Yejiong Yu, Zhanfeng Cui, Wei E. Huang, Monique I. Andersson
Microbial Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel detection method based on MIRA-CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD targeting the repeated DNA sequence of Trichomonas vaginalis
Zhenke Yang, Jinghui Wang, Yiming Qi, Yiping Shi, Fakun Li, Weijuan Wang, Xiaowei Tian, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang, Shuai Wang
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel fluoro colorimetric Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis
Shoorashetty Manohar Rudresh, Pareyam Pooja, Pattacheravanda Nanaiah Shakuntala, Kanta Madhu
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2024; 49: 100610. CrossRef
Establishment of a programmatic detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on double antibody sandwich ELISA targeting TvCP39 antigen
Yuhua Li, Fakun Li, Wenjie Tian, Yani Zhang, Weijuan Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107489. CrossRef
Label-free electrochemical DNA biosensing of MR TV 29 18s ribosomal RNA gene of Trichomonas vaginalis by signalization of non-spherical gold nanoparticles
R. Dehdari Vais, H. Heli, N. Sattarahmady
Materials Today Communications.2023; 34: 105123. CrossRef
Construction a novel detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification targeting the Actin gene
Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Wanxin Sheng, Xihui Gao, Weijuan Wang, Zhili Chu, Xuefang Mei, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Zhenchao Zhang
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel and ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for Trichomonas vaginalis detection based on a nanostructured film of poly(ortho-aminophenol)
Rezvan Dehdari Vais, Hossein Heli, Naghmeh Sattarahmady, Afshin Barazesh
Synthetic Metals.2022; 287: 117082. CrossRef
Omics Analyses of Trichomonas vaginalis Actin and Tubulin and Their Participation in Intercellular Interactions and Cytokinesis
Sebastián Lorenzo-Benito, Luis Alberto Rivera-Rivas, Lizbeth Sánchez-Ayala, Jaime Ortega-López, Octavio Montes-Flores, Daniel Talamás-Lara, Rossana Arroyo
Genes.2022; 13(6): 1067. CrossRef
Photo-genosensor for Trichomonas vaginalis based on gold nanoparticles-genomic DNA
S. Ilbeigi, R. Dehdari Vais, N. Sattarahmady
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2021; 34: 102290. CrossRef
Loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swabs among symptomatic women from North India
S. Khurana, R. Dadwal, N. Sharma, A. Mewara, S. Singh, R. Bagga, R. Yadav, S. Sethi
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2020; 70(3): 196. CrossRef
Establishment and application of isothermal amplification techniques for the detection of heat-stable I enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Junjun Zhai, Zhang Yan, Feng Ping, Qu Lei, Xuelong Chen, Yanping Qi, Tianwen Wang
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(4): e0230881. CrossRef
Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65
Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Hao Zhang, Yujuan Duan, Chengyang Luo, Bingli Wang, Sifan Ji, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Label-free ultrasensitive electrochemical genosensing of Trichomonas vaginalis using anisotropic-shaped gold nanoparticles as a platform, a repeated sequence of the parasite DNA as a probe, and toluidine blue as a redox marker
N. Delshadi-Jahromi, R. Nazari-Vanani, H. Yadegari, N. Sattarahmady, G.R. Hatam, H. Heli
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2018; 273: 234. CrossRef
Real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei
Shao-Xin Cai, Fan-De Kong, Shu-Fei Xu, Cui-Luan Yao
PeerJ.2018; 6: e5993. CrossRef

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15 Web of Science
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Detection of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Pigs Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Quantitative PCR: Yanhua Wang, Guangxiang Wang, Delin Zhang, Hong Yin, Meng Wang; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):573-577.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.573

Abstract
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A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay allows rapid diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. In the present study, the LAMP assay was evaluated using blood from both naturally and experimentally infected pigs. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was compared with that of Q-PCR. Both assays detected T. gondii in the blood of experimentally infected pigs, with 100% agreement. In infected blood samples, the parasite was detected as early as 2 days post-infection and reached a peak in 3-5 days. In 216 field serum samples, the detection rates of LAMP and Q-PCR assays were 6.9% and 7.8%, respectively. This result indicates that the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was slightly lower than that of the Q-PCR assay. However, the LAMP may be an attractive diagnostic method in conditions where sophisticated and expensive equipment is unavailable. This assay could be a powerful supplement to current diagnostic methods.

Citations

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First report of molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Toxoplasma Gondii in soil, water and vegetables from Chandigarh city, India
Divya Rattan, Priya Datta, Devyani Sharma, Chandra Kanta Bhusal, Rakesh Sehgal
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of chronic toxoplasmosis in the brain of mice using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and conventional PCR
Mona K. Hegazy, Nora E. Saleh, Wafaa A. Aboukamar
Experimental Parasitology.2023; 251: 108556. CrossRef
Immune system roles in pathogenesis, prognosis, control, and treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection
Mohammad Mahdi Jafari, Zahra Azimzadeh Tabrizi, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Nazanin Atieh Kazemi-Sefat, Mahshid Mohtashamifard, Rahimeh Mohseni, Atefeh Bagheri, Saeed Bahadory, Amir Karimipour-Saryazdi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
International Immunopharmacology.2023; 124: 110872. CrossRef
Clinical validation of visual LAMP and qLAMP assays for the rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii
Zhi Cao, Ke Zhang, Dehua Yin, Qiaoya Zhang, Ying Yu, Jianxin Wen, Hongbo Ni
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
RAA-Cas12a-Tg: A Nucleic Acid Detection System for Toxoplasma gondii Based on CRISPR-Cas12a Combined with Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA)
Qiao-Ni Ma, Meng Wang, Lai-Bao Zheng, Zi-Qin Lin, Muhammad Ehsan, Xing-Xing Xiao, Xing-Quan Zhu
Microorganisms.2021; 9(8): 1644. CrossRef
Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of Toxoplasma DNA from dried blood spots
Mona K. Hegazy, Soha I. Awad, Nora E. Saleh, Mamdouh M. Hegazy
Experimental Parasitology.2020; 211: 107869. CrossRef
Advances in serological, imaging techniques and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection
Ali Rostami, Panagiotis Karanis, Shirzad Fallahi
Infection.2018; 46(3): 303. CrossRef
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses ofToxoplasma gondiifrom naturally infected sheep in Northern and Central Tunisia
Mariem Rouatbi, Yosra Amdouni, Safa Amairia, Mohamed R. Rjeibi, Said Sammoudi, Mourad Rekik, Mohamed Gharbi
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2017; 3(1): 22. CrossRef
Comparison of PCR assays targeting the multi-copy targets B1 gene and 529 bp repetitive element for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in swine muscle
Fabrizia Veronesi, Azzurra Santoro, Giovanni Luigi Milardi, Manuela Diaferia, Raffaella Branciari, Dino Miraglia, Attilia Cioffi, Simona Gabrielli, David Ranucci
Food Microbiology.2017; 63: 213. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in house sparrow (Passer domesticus) by LAMP and PCR methods in Tehran, Iran
Amir Abdoli, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Haleh Soltanghoraee, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2016; 40(4): 1317. CrossRef
Development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays based on ITS-1 for rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii in pork
Xunhui Zhuo, Bin Huang, Jiaqing Luo, Haijie Yu, Baolong Yan, Yi Yang, Aifang Du
Veterinary Parasitology.2015; 208(3-4): 246. CrossRef
Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii
Quan Liu, Ze-Dong Wang, Si-Yang Huang, Xing-Quan Zhu
Parasites & Vectors.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid and Semiquantitative Detection of Loa loa Infection
Papa M. Drame, Doran L. Fink, Joseph Kamgno, Jesica A. Herrick, Thomas B. Nutman, M. J. Loeffelholz
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2014; 52(6): 2071. CrossRef

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Original Article

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting 18S Ribosomal DNA for Rapid Detection of Acanthamoeba: Hye-Won Yang, Yu-Ran Lee, Noboru Inoue, Bijay Kumar Jha, Dinzouna-Boutamba Sylvatrie Danne, Hong-Kyun Kim, Junhun Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):269-277.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.269

Abstract
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Amoebic keratitis (AK) caused by Acanthamoeba is one of the most serious corneal infections. AK is frequently misdiagnosed initially as viral, bacterial, or fungal keratitis, thus ensuring treatment delays. Accordingly, the early detection of Acanthamoeba would contribute significantly to disease management and selection of an appropriate anti-amoebic therapy. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been applied to the clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA gene for the detection of Acanthamoeba using clinical ocular specimens in the diagnosis of AK. Acanthamoeba LAMP assays detected 11 different strains including all AK-associated species. The copy number detection limit for a positive signal was 10 DNA copies of 18S rDNA per reaction. No cross-reactivity with the DNA of fungi or other protozoa was observed. The sensitivity of LAMP assay was higher than those of Nelson primer PCR and JDP primer PCR. In the present study, LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient at detecting Acanthamoeba as DNA extracted using a commercial kit, whereas PCR was only effective when commercial kit-extracted DNA was used. This study showed that the devised Acanthamoeba LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AK in a simple, sensitive, and specific manner.

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Susanna Haapanen, Maarit S. Patrikainen, Seppo Parkkila
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2023; 107(2): 116014. CrossRef
A simple and visible detection method for the rapid diagnosis of Ustilaginoidea virens in rice seeds by a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay
Wei Wang, Hang Yin, Ning Huang, Cuijing Zhu, Yufei Wang, Xintong Qi, Lu Ma, Yunxin Fan, Yao Yu, Hongsheng Zhang, Yongmei Bao
Journal of Phytopathology.2021; 169(6): 369. CrossRef
Efficient nested-PCR-based method development for detection and genotype identification of Acanthamoeba from a small volume of aquatic environmental sample
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Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Visually Improved Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in a Tertiary Hospital in Chandigarh, North India
Hargobinder Kaur, Rakesh Sehgal, Devendra Bansal, Ali A. Sultan, Ashish Bhalla, Sunit C. Singhi
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2018; 98(5): 1374. CrossRef
Detection of Acanthamoeba spp. in water samples collected from natural water reservoirs, sewages, and pharmaceutical factory drains using LAMP and PCR in China
Anna Lass, Milena Guerrero, Xiuping Li, Gabriele Karanis, Liqing Ma, Panagiotis Karanis
Science of The Total Environment.2017; 584-585: 489. CrossRef
Water-borne protozoa parasites: The Latin American perspective
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International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2017; 220(5): 783. CrossRef
Evaluation of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Abhishek Mewara, Sumeeta Khurana, Shakila Yoonus, Kirti Megha, Parveen Tanwar, Amit Gupta, Rakesh Sehgal
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2017; 35(1): 90. CrossRef
Acanthamoeba keratitis: improving the Scottish diagnostic service for the rapid molecular detection of Acanthamoeba species
Claire Low Alexander, Michael Coyne, Brian Jones, Deepa Anijeet
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Brief Communication

Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Giardia lamblia Infection in Pet Dogs using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: Jie Li, Peiyuan Wang, Aiguo Zhang, Ping Zhang, Muhamd Alsarakibi, Guoqing Li; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):237-241.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.237

Abstract
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Giardia lamblia is recognized as one of the most prevalent parasites in dogs. The present study aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and specific detection of G. lamblia from dogs. The fecal samples were collected and prepared for microscopic analysis, and then the genomic DNA was extracted directly from purified cysts. The concentration of DNA samples of G. lamblia were diluted by 10-fold serially ranging from 10^-1 to 10^-5 ng/?l for LAMP and PCR assays. The LAMP assay allows the amplification to be finished within 60 min under isothermal conditions of 63℃ by employing 6 oligonucleotide primers designed based on G. lamblia elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) gene sequence. Our tests showed that the specific amplification products were obtained only with G. lamblia, while no amplification products were detected with DNA of other related protozoans. Sensitivity evaluation indicated that the LAMP assay was sensitive 10 times more than PCR. It is concluded that LAMP is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific DNA amplification technique for detection of G. lamblia, which has implications for effective control and prevention of giardiasis.

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Original Articles

Echinostoma revolutum: Freshwater Snails as the Second Intermediate Hosts in Chiang Mai, Thailand: Kittichai Chantima, Jong-Yil Chai, Chalobol Wongsawad; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):183-189.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.183

Abstract
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The occurrence of 37-collar spined echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails was investigated in 6 districts of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, from October 2011 to April 2012. A total of 2,914 snails that belong to 12 species were examined, and 7 snail species (Clea helena, Eyriesia eyriesi, Bithynia funiculata, Bithynia siamensis siamensis, Filopaludina doliaris, Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, and Filopaludina martensi martensi) were found infected with echinostome metacercariae. The prevalence of metacercariae was the highest in Filopaludina spp. (38.5-58.7%) followed by B. funiculata (44.0%), E. eyriesi (12.5%), B. siamensis siamensis (8.2%), and C. helena (5.1%). Metacercariae were experimentally fed to hamsters and domestic chicks, and adult flukes were recovered from both hosts at days 15 and 20 post-infection. The adult flukes were identified based on morphological features, morphometrics, host-parasite relationships, and geographical distribution. They were compatible to Echinostoma revolutum or Echinostoma jurini, with only minor differences. As the adults were recovered from both hamsters and chicks, our specimens were more compatible to E. revolutum rather than E. jurini (reported only from mammals). This is the first report for metacercariae of E. revolutum in the snail host, C. helena, and also confirmed that Filopaludina spp., E. eryresi, and Bithynia spp. act as the second intermediate hosts of E. revolutum under natural conditions, which are indigenously distributed in Chiang Mai province.

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In Vitro Maintenance of Clonorchis sinensis Adult Worms: Md. Hafiz Uddin, Shunyu Li, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):309-315.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.309

Abstract
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Clonorchis sinensis is a biological carcinogen inducing human cholangiocarcinoma, and clonorchiasis is one of the important endemic infectious diseases in East Asia. The present study investigated survival longevity of C. sinensis adult worms in various in vitro conditions to find the best way of keeping the worms longer. The worms were maintained in 0.85% NaCl, 1×PBS, 1×Locke's solution, RPMI-1640, DMEM, and IMDM media, and in 1×Locke's solution with different supplements. All of the worms died within 3 and 7 days in 0.85% NaCl and 1×PBS, respectively, but survived up to 57 days in 1×Locke's solution. The worms lived for 106 days in DMEM, and 114 days in both RPMI-1640 and IMDM media. The survival rate in RPMI-1640 medium was the highest (50%) compared to that in DMEM (20±10%) and in IMDM (33.3±25.2%) after 3 months. The 1×Locke's solution with 0.005% bovine bile supplement showed increased duration of maximum survival from 42 days to 70 days. Higher concentration of bile supplements than 0.005% or addition of glucose were disadvantageous for the worm survival. The worms died rapidly in solutions containing L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, and adenine compared to L-arginine, L-serine, and L-tryptophan. In conclusion, the 1×Locke's solution best supports the worms alive among inorganic solutions for 57 days, and the RPMI-1640 medium maintains living C. sinensis adults better and longer up to 114 days in vitro than other media.

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Shan Li, Xueqing Chen, Juanjuan Zhou, Zhizhi Xie, Mei Shang, Lei He, Pei Liang, Tingjin Chen, Qiang Mao, Chi Liang, Xuerong Li, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu, John Pius Dalton
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(3): 281. CrossRef
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Brief Communication

Discovery of Larval Gnathostoma nipponicum in Frogs and Snakes from Jeju-do (Province), Republic of Korea: Ho-Choon Woo, Hong-Shik Oh, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):445-448.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.445

Abstract
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A survey was performed to find out the intermediate hosts of Gnathostoma nipponicum in Jeju-do (Province), the Republic of Korea. In August 2009 and 2010, a total of 82 tadpoles, 23 black-spotted pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), 7 tiger keelback snakes (Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus), 6 red-tongue viper snakes (Agkistrodon ussuriensis), and 2 cat snakes (Elaphe dione) were collected in Jeju-do and examined by the pepsin-HCl digestion method. Total 5 gnathostome larvae were detected in 3 (50%) of 6 A. ussuriensis, 70 larvae in 3 of 7 (42.9%) R. tigrinus tigrinus, and 2 larvae in 2 of 82 (8.7%) frogs. No gnathostome larvae were detected in tadpoles and cat snakes. The larvae detected were a single species, and 2.17×0.22 mm in average size. They had characteristic head bulbs, muscular esophagus, and 4 cervical sacs. Three rows of hooklets were arranged in the head bulbs, and the number of hooklets in each row was 29, 33, and 36 posteriorly. All these characters were consistent with the advanced third-stage larvae of G. nipponicum. It has been first confirmed in Jeju-do that R. nigromaculata, A. ussuriensis, and R. tigrinus tigrinus play a role for intermediate and/or paratenic hosts for G. nipponicum.

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Original Article

Indochinamon ou (Crustacea: Potamidae) as a New Second Intermediate Host for Paragonimus harinasutai in Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR: Woon-Mok Sohn, Jae-Sook Ryu, Duk-Young Min, Hyun-Ouk Song, Han-Jong Rim, Youthanavanh Vonghachack, Daluny Bouakhasith, Virasack Banouvong; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(1):25-29.
Published online March 12, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.25

Abstract
PDF

Paragonimus harinasutai metacercariae were found in a species of freshwater crab, Indochinamon ou, collected in a small stream of Namback District, Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR. Adult flukes were recovered after experimental infection of the metacercariae to dogs. Metacercariae were round or slightly elliptical, 0.666 × 0.626 mm in average size, and had a thin cyst wall of about 20 ?m in thickness, a black excretory bladder, convoluted ceca, and some pinkish materials in the body. Adults were somewhat elongated, 95.2 × 36.5 mm in average size, covered with single-tipped tegumental spines, had a smaller oral sucker than the ventral sucker, a moderately branched ovary, and 5-6 lobulated testes. Eggs were ovoid and bilaterally symmetrical in shape, 79 × 45 ?m in average size, and had a uniformly thickened shell. By the present study, it has been confirmed that I. ou is a new second intermediate host for P. harinasutai.

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Brief Communications

Two species of goby, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp., as the new second intermediate hosts of heterophyid fluke in Korea: Woon-Mok Sohn, Jung-A Kim, Hyun-Jae Song; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):161-164.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.161

Abstract
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A survey was performed in order to determine the infection status of the metacercariae of heterophyid fluke in two goby species, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp., collected from Gangjin-gun, and Shinan-gun, Sooncheon-shi, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. A total of three metacercariae of Heterophyopsis continua was found in only one B. pectinirostris (10.0%) from Gangjin-gun. Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were detected in 24 B. pectinirostris (96.0%) and 14 Scartelaos sp. (63.6%) from Shinan-gun. Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 11 B. pectinirostris (44.0%) and 21 Scartelaos sp. (95.5%) from Shinan-gun. Stictodora fuscata metacercariae were detected in 18 B. pectinirostris (72.0%) from Shinan-gun. No metacercariae were detected in 20 B. pectinirostris from Sooncheon-shi. From the above results, this study is the first to prove that B. pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp. serve as the second intermediate hosts of some heterophyid flukes in Korea.

Citations

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Infections with Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from Coastal Areas of Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Soon-Won Lee, Won-Seok Seok
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 259. CrossRef
Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33. CrossRef
Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae): Status of Metacercarial Infection in Mullets from Coastal Areas in the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Mi-Yeoun Park, Soon-Won Lee, Seung-Bong Choi, Beom-Nyung Huh, Won-Seok Seok
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(4): 497. CrossRef
A digenean parasite in a mudskipper: Opegaster ouemoensis sp. n. (Digenea: Opecoelidae) in Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes (Perciformes: Gobiidae) in the mangroves of New Caledonia
Rodney A. Bray, Jean-Lou Justine
Folia Parasitologica.2013; 60(1): 7. CrossRef
Infection Status of Estuarine Fish and Oysters with Intestinal Fluke Metacercariae in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, In-Sang Kim, Eun-Jung Hwang, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 215. CrossRef
Fish-borne Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S103. CrossRef
Heterophyid metacercarial infections in brackish water fishes from Jinju-man (Bay), Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Do Gyun Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hyeon-Je Song, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 7. CrossRef

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Identification of Acanthotrema felis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae encysted in the brackish water fish Acanthogobius flavimanus: Woon-Mok Sohn, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(2):101-105.
Published online June 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.101

Abstract
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The metacercariae of Acanthotrema felis Sohn et al., 2003 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) were discovered in a species of the brackish water fish, Acanthogobius flavimanus, in the Republic of Korea. They were experimentally fed to kittens, and adult flukes were harvested 7 days later. The adults were morphologically characterized by the presence of a bipartite seminal vesicle, the ventral sucker associated with a ventrogenital sac enclosing 3 sclerites (2 long and pointed, and 1 short and thumb-like), and an unarmed gonotyl. The adult flukes were identified as A. felis Sohn et al., 2003, and the brackish water fish A. flavimanus has been verified as one of its second intermediate hosts.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Infections with Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from Coastal Areas of Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Soon-Won Lee, Won-Seok Seok
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 259. CrossRef
Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33. CrossRef
Four Human Cases of Acanthotrema felis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Infection in Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(3): 291. CrossRef
Infection Status of Estuarine Fish and Oysters with Intestinal Fluke Metacercariae in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, In-Sang Kim, Eun-Jung Hwang, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 215. CrossRef
Epidemiological Survey on the Infection of Intestinal Flukes in Residents of Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Pyo-Yun Cho, Dong-Min Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, In-Sang Kim, Eun-Jung Hwang, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(2): 133. CrossRef
Fish-borne Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S103. CrossRef
Echinostoma hortense and Heterophyid Metacercariae Encysted in Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from Shinan-gun and Muan-gun (Jeollanam-do), Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(3): 307. CrossRef
Heterophyid metacercarial infections in brackish water fishes from Jinju-man (Bay), Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Do Gyun Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hyeon-Je Song, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 7. CrossRef
Two species of goby, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp., as the new second intermediate hosts of heterophyid fluke in Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Jung-A Kim, Hyun-Jae Song
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2005; 43(4): 161. CrossRef

8,242 View
94 Download
Crossref

Infection status of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in crayfish (Cambaroides similis) collected from Bogildo (Islet), Wando-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea: Myeong-Heon Shin, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):55-57.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.55

Abstract
PDF

During the period from October 1996 to November 1998, the infection status of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in freshwater crayfish (Cambaroides similis) collected from Bogildo (islet), Wando-gun, Chollanam-do, which is known for an endemic area of P. westermani in Korea, were examined. The average infection rate of Paragonimus metacercariae in crayfish was 88.6%, and mean number of metacercariae per infected crayfish was 30.2. This metacercarial density was the highest in the group of weight in 7.1-9.0 g. These results suggest that the natural life cycle of P. westermani is still well-preserved in Bogildo.

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Recent Incidence of Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae in Freshwater Crayfish, Cambaroides similis, from Two Enzootic Sites in Jeollanam-do, Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 347. CrossRef
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Eun-Min Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Sung-Il Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Tae Hong
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 95. CrossRef
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