Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"neutrophil"

Brief Communications

Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis: Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):479-484.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.479

Abstract
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Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. In this study, we examined superoxide anion (O₂^.-) production by neutrophils activated by T. vaginalis. Human neutrophils produced superoxide anions when stimulated with either a lysate of T. vaginalis, its membrane component (MC), or excretory-secretory product (ESP). To assess the role of trichomonad protease in production of superoxide anions by neutrophils, T. vaginalis lysate, ESP, and MC were each pretreated with a protease inhibitor cocktail before incubation with neutrophils. Superoxide anion production was significantly decreased by this treatment. Trichomonad growth was inhibited by preincubation with supernatants of neutrophils incubated for 3 hr with T. vaginalis lysate. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production by neutrophils was stimulated by live trichomonads. These results indicate that the production of superoxide anions and MPO by neutrophils stimulated with T. vaginalis may be a part of defense mechanisms of neutrophils in trichomoniasis.

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Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
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Immunological Activities of Crude Polysaccharides Extracts ofClimacodon pulcherrimus(Phanerochaetaceae) in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Rat Macrophages and Neutrophils' Responses
Tume Christopher, Oumar Mahamat, Miyanui N. Chungong, C. Atemenkeh Ngwa, P. Maishu Samka
Journal of Medicinal Food.2021; 24(2): 180. CrossRef
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme as a new immunologic target for the new SARS‐CoV‐2
Shahin Hallaj, Anahita Ghorbani, Seyed Ali Mousavi‐Aghdas, Mohammad Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari, Andrey Sevbitov, Vida Hashemi, Tooba Hallaj, Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
Immunology & Cell Biology.2021; 99(2): 192. CrossRef
The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
César Díaz-Godínez, Julio C. Carrero
Bioscience Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis
Yi-Ting Xie, Jiang-Mei Gao, Ya-Ping Wu, Petrus Tang, Geoff Hide, De-Hua Lai, Zhao-Rong Lun
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Adenosine reduces reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 production by Trichomonas vaginalis-stimulated neutrophils
Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Camila Braz Menezes, Gustavo Krumel Goelzer, Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto, Solange Cristina Garcia, Tiana Tasca
Purinergic Signalling.2017; 13(4): 569. CrossRef

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NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products: Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):291-294.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.291

Abstract
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Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated lumen-dwelling extracellular protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis via sexual intercourse. Human neutrophils play a crucial role in acute tissue inflammatory responses in T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanism of neutrophil responses when stimulated with T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP), which were collected from 1×10⁷ live trichomonads. Incubation of human neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood with TvSP induced up-regulation of IL-8 protein secretion. In addition, stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and CREB in neutrophils. Moreover, TvSP-induced IL-8 production was also significantly inhibited by pretreatment of neutrophils with iκB inhibitor or CREB inhibitor. These results suggest that transcription factors NF-κB and CREB are involved in IL-8 production in human neutrophils induced by stimulation with T. vaginalis infection.

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Trichomonas vaginalis extracellular vesicles suppress IFNε-mediated responses driven by its intracellular bacterial symbiont Mycoplasma hominis
Joshua A. Kochanowsky, Emma L. Betts, Gabriel Encinas, Johnson Amoah, Patricia J. Johnson
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
CysLT receptor-mediated NOX2 activation is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 270. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794. CrossRef
Increased Angiogenesis by Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation
Shao-Chun Wu, Pao-Jen Kuo, Cheng-Shyuan Rau, Lien-Hung Huang, Chia-Wei Lin, Yi-Chan Wu, Chia-Jung Wu, Chia-Wen Tsai, Ting-Min Hsieh, Hang-Tsung Liu, Chun-Ying Huang, Ching-Hua Hsieh
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(16): 8877. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis‐secreted cysteinyl leukotrienes promote migration, degranulation and MCP‐1 production in mast cells
Young Ah Lee, Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasite Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
PKA/CREB and NF-κB pathway regulates AKNA transcription: A novel insight into T-2 toxin-induced inflammation and GH deficiency in GH3 cells
Xianglian Liu, Deyu Huang, Pu Guo, Qinghua Wu, Menghong Dai, Guyue Cheng, Haihong Hao, Shuyu Xie, Zonghui Yuan, Xu Wang
Toxicology.2017; 392: 81. CrossRef
SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secrete
Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin, Judith A. Appleton
Infection and Immunity.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of functional polymorphisms in TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 cytokine genes on mRNA expression levels and risk of gastric cancer
Juliana Garcia de Oliveira, Ana Flávia Teixeira Rossi, Daniela Manchini Nizato, Aline Cristina Targa Cadamuro, Yvana Cristina Jorge, Marina Curado Valsechi, Larissa Paola Rodrigues Venâncio, Paula Rahal, Érika Cristina Pavarino, Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo,
Tumor Biology.2015; 36(12): 9159. CrossRef
The Pathogenesis of Human Cervical Epithelium Cells Induced by Interacting with Trichomonas vaginalis
Wei-Chen Lin, Wei-Ting Chang, Tsuey-Yu Chang, Jyh-Wei Shin, Xuefeng Liu
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(4): e0124087. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Involvement of Src Family Tyrosine Kinase in Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Induced by Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica: Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):285-290.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.285

Abstract
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Tyrosine kinases are one of the most important regulators for intracellular signal transduction related to inflammatory responses. However, there are no reports describing the effects of tyrosine kinases on neutrophil apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, isolated human neutrophils from peripheral blood were incubated with live trophozoites in the presence or absence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Entamoeba-induced receptor shedding of CD16 and PS externalization in neutrophils were inhibited by pre-incubation of neutrophils with the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein or the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Entamoeba-induced ROS production was also inhibited by genistein or PP2. Moreover, genistein and PP2 blocked the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK in neutrophils induced by E. histolytica. These results suggest that Src tyrosine kinases may participate in the signaling event for ROS-dependent activation of MAPKs during neutrophil apoptosis induced by E. histolytica.

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Sakshi Desure, Arya Mallika, Mrinalini Roy, Anupam Jyoti, Sanket Kaushik, Vijay Kumar Srivastava
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Elena Rybnikova, Tatjana Gluschenko, Anasthasia Galeeva, Ekaterina Tulkova, Natalia N. Nalivaeva, Natalia Z. Makova, Anthony J. Turner, Mikhail Samoilov
Neuroscience Research.2012; 72(4): 364. CrossRef

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Delayed Human Neutrophil Apoptosis by Trichomonas vaginalis Lysate: Hyun-Ouk Song, Young-Su Lim, Sun-Joo Moon, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):1-7.
Published online March 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.1

Abstract
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Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.

Citations

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The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women: A review
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Gideon Ikechukwu Okoroiwu, Nwanganga Ihuoma Ubosi, Getrude Uzoma Obeagu, Ebere Emilia Ayogu, Elham Elamin
Medicine.2025; 104(41): e45063. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(5): 1355. CrossRef
Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis
F. J. Rangel-Mata, E. E. Ávila-Muro, J. E. Reyes-Martínez, L. M. Olmos-Ortiz, M. E. Brunck, L. A. Arriaga-Pizano, P. Cuéllar-Mata
Parasitology.2021; 148(13): 1624. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells
Fei Fei Gao, Juan-Hua Quan, Min A. Lee, Wei Ye, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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H R J Al-abodi, K T M Al-Shaibani, E M Shaker
Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2019; 1234(1): 012078. CrossRef
Amaurocine: Anti- Trichomonas vaginalis protein produced by the basidiomycete Amauroderma camerarium
Mariana Duarte, Adriana Seixas, Maira Peres de Carvalho, Tiana Tasca, Alexandre José Macedo
Experimental Parasitology.2016; 161: 6. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis induces cytopathic effect on human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial cell line A549
Daile Meek C. Salvador-Membreve, Sonia D. Jacinto, Windell L. Rivera
Experimental Parasitology.2014; 147: 33. CrossRef
Trichonomas vaginalis Metalloproteinase Induces Apoptosis of SiHa Cells through Disrupting the Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-xL/Bim Complexes
Juan-Hua Quan, Byung-Hun Kang, Guang-Ho Cha, Wei Zhou, Young-Bok Koh, Jung-Bo Yang, Heon-Jong Yoo, Min-A Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Heung-Tae Noh, Jaeyul Kwon, Young-Ha Lee, A. R. M. Ruhul Amin
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(10): e110659. CrossRef
Altered CD16 expression on vaginal neutrophils from women with vaginitis
Joziani Beghini, Paulo C. Giraldo, Ruth Riboldi, Rose L.G. Amaral, José Eleutério, Steven S. Witkin, Fernando Guimarães
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2013; 167(1): 96. CrossRef
Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin
Inflammation Research.2012; 61(2): 97. CrossRef
NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced byTrichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products
Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 291. CrossRef
Trichomoniasis
Jae-Sook Ryu
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Trichomonas vaginalis and trichomoniasis in the Republic of Korea: Jae-Sook Ryu, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):101-116.
Published online June 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.101

Abstract
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Vaginal trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 170 million people worldwide are annually infected by this protozoan. In the Republic of Korea, 10.4% of women complaining of vaginal symptoms and signs were found to be infected with T. vaginalis. However, despite its high prevalence, the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis infection has not been clearly characterized although neutrophil infiltration is considered to be primarily responsible for the cytologic changes associated with this infection. We hypothesized that trichomonads in the vagina sometime after an acute infection secrete proteins like excretory-secretory product that have a chemotactic effect on neutrophils, and that these neutrophils are further stimulated by T. vaginalis to produce chemokines like IL-8 and GRO-α, which further promote neutrophil recruitment and chemotaxis. Thus, neutrophil accumulation is believed to maintain or aggravate inflammation. However, enhanced neutrophil apoptosis induced by live T. vaginalis could contribute to resolution of inflammation. Macrophages may constitute an important component of host defense against T. vaginalis infection. For example, mouse macrophages alone and those activated by lymphokines or nitric oxide are known to be involved in the extracellular killing of T. vaginalis. In the host, T. vaginalis uses a capping phenomenon to cleave host immunoglobulins with proteinases and thus escape from host immune responses. Recently, we developed a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650), and found that the method enables the detection of T. vaginalis at concentrations as low as 1 cell per PCR mixture.

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Brief Communication

Ultrastructural observation of human neutrophils during apoptotic cell death triggered by Entamoeba histolytica: Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Soon-Jung Park, Kyung-il Im, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):205-208.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.205

Abstract
PDF

Neutrophils are important effector cells against protozoan extracellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic colitis and liver abscess in human beings. Apoptotic cell death of neutrophils is an important event in the resolution of inflammation and parasite's survival in vivo. This study was undertaken to investigate the ultrastructural aspects of apoptotic cells during neutrophil death triggered by Entamoeba histolytica. Isolated human neutrophils from the peripheral blood were incubated with or without live trophozoites of E. histolytica and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neutrophils incubated with E. histolytica were observed to show apoptotic characteristics, such as compaction of the nuclear chromatin and swelling of the nuclear envelop. In contrast, neutrophils incubated in the absence of the amoeba had many protrusions of irregular cell surfaces and heterogenous nuclear chromatin. Therefore, it is suggested that Entamoeba-induced neutrophil apoptosis contribute to prevent unwanted tissue inflammation and damage in the amoeba-invaded lesions in vivo.

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Signaling Role of NADPH Oxidases in ROS-Dependent Host Cell Death Induced by Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
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Bioscience Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites Induce a Rapid Non-classical NETosis Mechanism Independent of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and PAD4 Activity
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Involvement of Src Family Tyrosine Kinase in Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Induced by Protozoan ParasiteEntamoeba histolytica
Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(4): 285. CrossRef
Calpain-dependent calpastatin cleavage regulates caspase-3 activation during apoptosis of Jurkat T cells induced by Entamoeba histolytica
Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
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Involvement of β2-integrin in ROS-mediated neutrophil apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica
Seobo Sim, Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong, Kyung-Il Im, Myeong Heon Shin
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Trichomonas vaginalis promotes apoptosis of human neutrophils by activating caspase‐3 and reducing Mcl‐1 expression
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