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Experimental activation of cryptosporidiosis in mice by immunosuppression
Jong-Yil Chai,Son Moon Shin,*Chong Ku Yun,**Jae-Ran Yu and Soon-Hyung Lee
Department of Parasitology and Institute of Endemic Diseases, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Korea.
Abstract
Cryptosporidium, a coccidian parasite first described by Tyzzer (1907) from a laboratory mouse, has become an important human enteric pathogen causing overwhelming diarrhea especially in immunocompromised patients such as AIDS. This parasite has been reported from over 20 countries and is recognized as a cosmopolitan species. In Korea, however, there has been no report on human as well as animal cryptosporidiosis. This study was performed so as to verify the presence of Cryptosporidium in Korea by activating the parasite from laboratory mice by immunosuppression.
Total 65 conventionally-bred ICR mice including a control (5 mice) and 3 experimental groups (20 each) were used for this study. Group I was immunosuppressed with prednisolone injection (1 mg IM, every other day) for 7 weeks. Group II (prednisolone injection and tetracycline administration) and Group III (prednisolone injection and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration) were prepared to observe the effect of antibacterial agents on the activation of cryptosporidiosis.
In fecal examinations of mice Cryptosporidium oocysts (4-6 µm in size) were detected from 1 week after the start of immunosuppression and the mice began to die. In H-E stained tissue sections of the lower jejunum, numerous very small (2-4 µm), dense, ovoid or spherical, slightly basophilic bodies were seen attached on the free border of mucosal epithelial cells. In scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations, these organisms were identified as various developmental stages of Cryptosporidium. The species is considered to be C. parvum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fig. 2. Lower jejunal section of a mouse showing numerous Cryptosporidium developmental stages(arrows) on the epithelial surface of villi. H & E stain.
Figs. 3-6 Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscopy of Cryptosporidium (arrows) attached on the epithelial surface of jejunal vilii.
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy of a type I meront with eight merozoites(m).
Fig. 5. Transmission electron micrograph of a developing trophozoite surrounded by a pellicle(p), and with a large nucleus(n) and prominent nucleolus(nu).
Fig. 6. Transmission electron micrograph of an early macrogamete surrounded by a pellicle(p), and with various sized granules.
Tables
Table 1 The results of stool examination for Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified acid-fast stain in 3 experimental groups of mice
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