We performed bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining to observe the proliferation pattern of epithelial cells on the biliary mucosa in Clonorchis sinensis infection. Albino rats were infected with 100 metacercariae each and their livers were processed for histopathological observation after BrdU injection. Five to six sites in the liver of a rat were selected for paraffin section, and stained immunohistochemically to visualize BrdU incorporating cells.
The flukes were mainly in the common bile duct and right or left hepatic bile ducts. The proportion of stained epithelial cells in the infected bile ducts where the worms were found on the section was 2.9-10.2% at 1 week after infection, 7.3-12.8% at 2 weeks, 7.3-13.4% at 5 weeks, and 8.4-14.8% at 15 weeks while in the non-infected ducts 0 to 2.7% cells were stained. The stained cells were mainly at the base of the mucosal layer. It is suggested that mucosal epithelial cells of the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis become hyperplastic mainly by direct and local stimulation of the worms.
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To determine the infectivity and maturity of metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani after keeping at low temperature for a long period, 45 mice and 45 rats were each infected with 20 metacercariae which were kept at 4 degrees C for 8 to 234 days. The worm recovery in mice increased with age of worm and reached a peak of 32% at 41-50 days and then decreased with age. The rate in rats first decreased to a lowest point of 6% at 71-100 days and then increased with age. In 42 infected mice and 41 infected rats, 187 immature worms (183 tiny and 4 juvenile ones) and 190 worms (164 tiny, 19 juvenile and 7 mature ones) were recovered respectively. Two worm cysts with eggs only and 8 empty worm cysts were also found in the rats. In addition, the frozen metacercariae can still develop to mature worms in SD rats.
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An epidemiological study of Metagonimus infection was undertaken along the upper reaches of the Namhan River, with special consideration on the species (type) of the worms collected from humans. Eggs of Metagonimus spp. were detected from 15 (9.7%) of 154 people examined in Umsong-gun, and from each infected person (5 cases) 6,015-24,060 worms (mean 13,233) were recovered after treatment with praziquantel (10 mg/kg). Eggs were also detected from 37 (48.1%) of 77 people in Yongwol-gun, from whom (27 cases) 1-4,965 worms (means 1,215) were collected.
The worm from Umsong-gun consisted of both Metagonimus Miyata type and Metagonimus takahashii, whereas those from Yongwol-gun consisted of only Metagonimus Miyata type. When the uterine eggs of the two kinds and M. yokogawai (obtained from people in Tamjin River basin) were morphologically compared, it was suggested that the egg size should be a good indicator for discrimination of the species or type.
The source of human infection was proved to be fresh water fishes; 49 of 52 Zacco platypus examined, 6 of 8 Hemibarbus longirostris, 13 of 15 Pseudogobio esocinus, 4 of 6 Odontobutis obscura interrupta, and 17 of 18 Carassius carassius were found infected with Metagonimus metacercariae. From the results, it is concluded that the upper reaches of the Namhan River are endemic foci of Metagonimus Miyata type and M. takahashii.
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Metagonimus miyatai sp. nov. (Digenea: Heterophyidae), a new intestinal trematode transmitted by freshwater fishes in Japan and Korea S Saito, J Y Chai, K H Kim, S H Lee, H J Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1997; 35(4): 223. CrossRef
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Intestinal trematode infections in the villagers in Koje-myon, Kochang-gun, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea W Y Son, S Huh, S U Lee, H C Woo, S J Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(3): 149. CrossRef
Intestinal parasite and Clonorchis sinensis infection among the inhabitants in the upper stream of Taechong Dam, Kumgang (River) C H Kim, Y E Na, N M Kim, D W Shin, D Y Chang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(4): 207. CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis in the inhabitants along Talchongang (River), Chungwon-gun J R Yu, S O Kwon, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(4): 267. CrossRef
A case of echinostomiasis with ulcerative lesions in the duodenum J Y Chai, S T Hong, S H Lee, G C Lee, Y I Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(3): 201. CrossRef
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Worm recovery rates and pathologic changes in small intestine of albino rats were observed after concurrent and challenge infections with metacercariae (MC) of Fibricola seoulensis and Metagonimus yokogawai, and compared with those of single infection groups. Albino rats in concurrent infection group were killed 20 days after feeding with 1,000 MC of each fluke. Rats in challenge infection group were fed with 1,000 MC of F. seoulensis and challenged by 1,000 MC of M. yokogawai 10 days after primary infection, then killed 10 days thereafter. In concurrent infection group, mean number of F. seoulensis and M. yokogawai recovered, 250 and 118 respectively, were similar to those of single infection groups. However, more flukes were collected from the duodenum and less flukes were from the ileum than from single infection group. In challenge infection group, the recovery rate of F. seoulensis was similar to that of single infection group and the distribution of the flukes was similar to that of concurrent infection group. Mean number of M. yokogawai, 69, was significantly lower than that of single infection group. Its distribution, however, extended to the duodenum and most of the flukes were recovered from the jejunum. In concurrent infection group, villi of the duodenum were more markedly thickened, fused and shortened than those in F. seoulensis single infection group. The crypt epithelium appeared to be hyperplastic and inflammatory cell infiltration into the villous stroma was mild. Villous atrophy in the jejunum and ileum was milder than in M. yokogawai single infection group. In challenge infection group, the findings were similar to those of concurrent infection group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ten axenic isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were subcutaneously injected to the BALB/c mice in order to assess their pathogenicity by means of so-called "mouse assay" method. All the isolates revealed neutral and acid proteinase activities both in their lysates and in culture media, but the specific activities of both proteinases in the severely pathogenic group were significantly higher than the mildly pathogenic group (p < 0.05). In the SDS-PAGE system in which the electrophoretic gels contained 0.4% gelatin as the substrate, five different banding patterns of trichomonal proteinases were detected, and the patterns were closely related with the pathogenicity of the isolates of T.
vaginalis. All five bands might be regarded as cysteine proteinases group in the inhibitor assays. The cytotoxicity of the lysates of T. vaginalis to the target Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cell line was also significantly different according to the pathogenicity of the isolates, and generally lower in the lysates treated with cysteine proteinase inhibitors than in the control lysates. In summarizing the results, it might be considered that the proteinases of T. vaginalis showing five electrophoretic banding patterns are closely related with the pathogenicity and cytotoxicity of the isolates of T. vaginalis.
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An experimental study was performed to observe the infectivity of sparganum (plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei) treated by praziquantel, gamma-irradiation and mechanical cutting. The spargana were obtained from the naturally infected European grass snake, Rhabdophis tigrina, or from the experimentally infected mice. A total of 83 mice (ICR strain) were divided into 3 experimental groups by the source of the damage, fed each with 5 spargana, and sacrificed 1 month later for worm recovery. In the praziquantel group, the worms were incubated in the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (control: Tyrode for 4 hours) for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours at 36 degrees C, and fed to mice. The recovery rate from mice in praziquantel group was not different from that (80%) of control group and in the range of 76-100%. In the gamma-irradiation group, the worms were irradiated by 10-1000 Gy with Cs137. The average recovery rates of 69-100% were not different from that of control up to 100 Gy. The rate was 56% under 150 Gy, and 5% by 1000 Gy. In the mechanical cutting group, the worms were cut at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mm from the anterior end of the scolex. The average recovery rates in each group were 70-90% and that of control was 90%. The present finding suggests that the sparganum be highly resistant to praziquantel, gamma-irradiation and mechanical cutting. The vitality center of the sparganum must be at the anterior end of its scolex.
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Efficacy comparison between long-term high-dose praziquantel and surgical therapy for cerebral sparganosis: A multicenter retrospective cohort study Daojun Hong, Huiqun Xie, Hui Wan, Ning An, Chunhua Xu, Jun Zhang, Nilanthi de Silva PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(10): e0006918. CrossRef
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A Case of Sparganosis That Presented as a Recurrent Pericardial Effusion Ju-Hee Lee, Gi-Hyun Kim, Sang Min Kim, Sang Yeub Lee, Won-Yik Lee, Jang-Whan Bae, Kyung-Sub Shin, Kyung-Kuk Hwang, Dong-Won Kim, Myeong-Chan Cho Korean Circulation Journal.2011; 41(1): 38. CrossRef
Human ocular sparganosis in southern Brazil Márcia Bohrer Mentz, Fernando Procianoy, Marcelo Krieger Maestri, Marilise Brittes Rott Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2011; 53(1): 51. CrossRef
Scrotal Sparganosis: With an Emphasis on Ultrasonographic Findings Seung Ho Kim, Sungchan Park, Jin Ho Paik Urology.2008; 71(2): 351.e11. CrossRef
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Radioresistance of Anisakis simplex Third-Stage Larvae and the Possible Role of Superoxide Dismutase M. Seo, B-M. Kho, S-M. Guk, S-H. Lee, J-Y. Chai Journal of Parasitology.2006; 92(2): 416. CrossRef
A 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein gene ofSpirometra erinaceiplerocercoid induced by chemical and physiological stresses D.-H. YUN, Y.-A. BAE, J.-Y. CHUNG, S.-Y. KANG, I. KANG, W.-M. SOHN, S.-H. CHO, T.-S. KIM, S.-Y. CHO, Y. KONG Parasitology.2004; 129(6): 713. CrossRef
ELISA-inhibition test using Paragonimus westermani specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) was investigated to improve the diagnostic specificity of paragonimiasis. By cell fusion, one hybridoma clone secreting anti-P. westermani specific Mab was selected (Pwa-14), which reacted on bands of 28 kDa, 42.5 kDa, 89 kDa and 120.5 kDa. IFA showed Pwa-14 was located at the vitelline follicles. By micro-ELISA, 100% of 22 paragonimiasis cases were found positive, but 5 of 40 clonorchiasis cases (12.5%), 3 of 26 cysticercosis cases (7.7%) showed false positive. None of 10 sparganosis patients or 28 normal controls reacted positively. On the other hand, by ELISA-inhibition test using a P. westermani specific Mab, 100% of paragonimiasis cases were found positive, and there were no positive in cysticercosis, sparganosis cases or normal controls, except 2 (5.0%) false-positive sera of 40 clonorchiasis cases. The ELISA-inhibition test using a Mab showed higher specificity in comparison with micro-ELISA for serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis.
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Protein composition and antigenicity of the tegument from Paragonimus westermani S I Kim, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(3): 269. CrossRef
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced against crude scolex extract of T. solium metacestodes, and applied to ELISA-inhibition test for improving the specificity of serodiagnosis of human cysticercosis. Four hybridomas secreting species-specific anticysticercal Mabs (Cya-1, Cya-7, Cya-28 and Cya-31) were selected. Each Mab reacted on antigenic components of 25.5 kDa (Cya-1), 28 kDa (Cya-7), 87.5 kDa (Cya-28), and 12.5 kDa (Cya-31). IFA showed that Cya-1 was located at the calcium corpuscles, and Cya-7 at the loose connective tissue of T. solium metacestode scolex.
Cya-28 and Cya-31 reacted on the tegument of the scolex. By conventional ELISA, 23 out of 28 (82.1%) cysticercosis patients were found serologically positive, but 1 out of 9 (11.1%) sparganosis cases and 6 out of 31 (19.4%) paragonimiasis cases showed false positives. By ELISA-inhibition test using species-specific anti-cysticercal Mab Cya-7, 19 out of 28 (67.9%) cysticercosis cases were found serologically positive, but there were no false positives in other parasitic infections.
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Acanthamoeba culbertsoni is a pathogenic free-living amoeba causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAME) in human and mouse. Several reports on the immune responses in mice with this amoebic infection have been published, but the effects of transferred passive immunity on the active immunization in offspring mice have not been demonstrated.
This experiment was done to observe the effect of active immunization with Acanthamoeba culbertsoni in mice born to immune mothers. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni was cultured in the CGV medium axenically. Female BALB/c mice weighing about 20g were immunized through the intraperitoneal injection of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni trophozoites 1 x 10(6) each three times at the interval of one week. Offspring mice were immunized two times. The mice were inoculated intranasally with 1 x 10(4) trophozoites under secobarbital anesthesia.
There was a statistical difference in mortality between the transferred immunity group and the active immunization group. Statistical differences were not demonstrated in antibody titer between both groups. But L3T4+ T cell/Ly2+ T cell ratio was increased in the transferred immunity group more than active immunization group of the offspring mice at the age of 5 weeks. There was no differences statistically in mortality between both groups. It was recognized that active immunization in offspring mice born to immune mother could modulate the immune status according to the time of immunization.
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Production of a monoclonal antibody against a mannose-binding protein of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and its localization A-Young Kang, A-Young Park, Ho-Joon Shin, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Sutherland K. Maciver, Suk-Yul Jung Experimental Parasitology.2018; 192: 19. CrossRef
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In order to know the enzyme activities of Fibricola seoulensis, an intestinal trematode of human and rodent in Korea, the enzyme histochemical method is applied.
Activities of acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) and non-specific esterase (E.C.3.1.1) were present in microvilli and glandular cells of tribocytic organ and the epithelium of the caecum.
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Antigenic Properties of Cystatin-binding Cysteine Proteinases from Neodiplostomum seoulense Tae-Yun Kim, Kye-Young Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai Journal of Parasitology.2008; 94(3): 654. CrossRef
Antigenic Properties of Cystatin-binding Cysteine Proteinases from Neodiplostomum seoulense Tae-Yun Kim, Kye-Young Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai Journal of Parasitology.2008; 94(3): 654. CrossRef
A 54 kDa cysteine protease purified from the crude extract of Neodiplostomum seoulense adult worms Min-Ho Choi, Seong-Choon Choe, Soon-Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(1): 39. CrossRef
Transmission electron microscopic findings of the tribocytic organ of Fibricola seoulensis S Huh, H B Song The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(4): 315. CrossRef
Diagnostic specificity of 36 and 31 kDa proteins of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid (sparganum) was evaluated by micro-ELISA in tissue invading nematodiasis such as 25 gnathostomiasis, 33 angiostrongyliasis, 22 trichinellosis patients, and 20 normal control. All but one patient each in 3 nematodiases showed the antibody levels of negative range.
The positively reacted patients were regarded as concomitant infections of sparganum because immunized or hyperinfected rabbit serum of the nematodes did not react crossly to the antigen.
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IgG antibody responses in early experimental sparganosis and IgG subclass responses in human sparganosis Young Bae Chung, Yoon Kong, Hyun Jong Yang, Seung-Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(3): 145. CrossRef
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