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Original Article

Toxoplasma gondii IST suppresses inflammatory and apoptotic responses by inhibiting STAT1-mediated signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated hepatocytes
Seung-Hwan Seo, Ji-Eun Lee, Do-Won Ham, Eun-Hee Shin
Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):30-41.
Published online February 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23129
The dense granule protein of Toxoplasma gondii, inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (IST) is an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) transcriptional activity that binds to STAT1 and regulates the expression of inflammatory molecules in host cells. A sterile inflammatory liver injury in pathological acute liver failures occurs when excessive innate immune function, such as the massive release of IFN-γ and TNF-α, is activated without infection. In relation to inflammatory liver injury, we hypothesized that Toxoplasma gondii inhibitor of STAT1 transcription (TgIST) can inhibit the inflammatory response induced by activating the STAT1/IRF-1 mechanism in liver inflammation. This study used IFN-γ and TNF-α as inflammatory inducers at the cellular level of murine hepatocytes (Hepa-1c1c7) to determine whether TgIST inhibits the STAT1/IRF-1 axis. In stable cells transfected with TgIST, STAT1 expression decreased with a decrease in interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 levels. Furthermore, STAT1 inhibition of TgIST resulted in lower levels of NF-κB and COX2, as well as significantly lower levels of class II transactivator (CIITA), iNOS, and chemokines (CLXCL9/10/11). TgIST also significantly reduced the expression of hepatocyte proapoptotic markers (Caspase3/8/9, P53, and BAX), which are linked to sterile inflammatory liver injury. TgIST also reduced the expression of adhesion (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and infiltration markers of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced by hepatocyte and tissue damage. TgIST restored the cell apoptosis induced by IFN-γ/TNF-α stimulation. These results suggest that TgIST can inhibit STAT1-mediated inflammatory and apoptotic responses in hepatocytes stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines.

Citations

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  • Toxoplasma GRA16 attenuates Tau hyperphosphorylation and enhances autophagy in thrombin-treated HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells
    Seung-Hwan Seo, Do-Won Ham, Ji-Eun Lee, Eun-Hee Shin
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii GRA16 Suppresses Aerobic Glycolysis by Downregulating c-Myc and TERT Expressions in Colorectal Cancer Cells
    Ji-Eun Lee, Seung-Hwan Seo, Do-Won Ham, Eun-Hee Shin
    Biomolecules & Therapeutics.2025; 33(4): 621.     CrossRef
  • 6,855 View
  • 535 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Excretory-Secretory Products of Trichomonas vaginalis Cause Apoptosis in Mouse Sperm in Vitro
Jihyun Keum, Jaesook Roh, Jae-Sook Ryu, Ki-Young Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(5):357-360.
Published online October 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.5.357
Excretory-secretory products (ESP) of T. vaginalis have been shown to inhibit sperm motility, viability, and functional integrity, leading to a decreased fertilization rate in vitro. This study investigated whether T. vaginalis induce apoptosis and ultrastructural changes of sperm using flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Incubation of sperm with T. vaginalis ESP increased phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Transmission electron microscopy of sperm incubated with ESP revealed abnormal features such as distorted heads, broken necks, and acrosomes exocytosis. This is the first report that demonstrates a direct impact of T. vaginalis ESP on sperm apoptosis and architecture in vitro.

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  • The possible pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms in infertility: a narrative review
    Zahra Chegini, Amin Khoshbayan, Milad Kashi, Raha Zare Shahraki, Mojtaba Didehdar, Aref Shariati
    Archives of Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,623 View
  • 122 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Toxoplasma gondii Induces Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Derived Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Line
Hao Wang, Chunchao Li, Wei Ye, Zhaobin Pan, Jinhui Sun, Mingzhu Deng, Weiqiang Zhan, Jiaqi Chu
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):573-583.
Published online December 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.573
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects one-third of the world’s population, has been reported to hijack host cell apoptotic machinery and promote either an anti- or proapoptotic program depending on the parasite virulence and load and the host cell type. However, little is known about the regulation of human FHs 74 small intestinal epithelial cell viability in response to T. gondii infection. Here we show that T. gondii RH strain tachyzoite infection or ESP treatment of FHs 74 Int cells induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in host cells. Pretreatment with 4-PBA inhibited the expression or activation of key molecules involved in ER stress. In addition, both T. gondii and ESP challenge-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death were dramatically suppressed in 4-PBA pretreated cells. Our study indicates that T. gondii infection induced ER stress in FHs 74 Int cells, which induced mitochondrial dysfunction followed by apoptosis. This may constitute a potential molecular mechanism responsible for the foodborne parasitic disease caused by T. gondii.

Citations

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  • Bug as a drug: Unveiling anti-cancer properties of Toxoplasma gondii and its therapeutic prospects in cancer immunotherapy
    Yie Wei Chua, Sek Chuen Chow
    Acta Tropica.2025; 267: 107684.     CrossRef
  • Apicomplexan Espionage: Orchestrated Miscommunication at the Host–Parasite Interface
    Vaisak Mohan, Sandeep Reddy Vinjamuri, Parnika Sahoo, Abhinav Hatwar, Sandra S N, Usha Krishna, Vyshnav P V, Kamalakannan Vijayan
    ACS Infectious Diseases.2024; 10(12): 4040.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the inhibitory effects and the mechanism of terpenoids on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites
    Zi-Yang Jiang, Kai Dong, Zheng-Song Huang, Chang-Chun Yuan, Bo Liu, Qi-Wei Chen, Jian-Ping Chen
    Acta Tropica.2023; 237: 106741.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii induces MLTC-1 apoptosis via ERS pathway
    Lei Wang, Hailun Wang, Shihao Wei, Xiaoyu Huang, Chunchen Yu, Qingrui Meng, Dengfeng Wang, Guangwen Yin, Zhijian Huang
    Experimental Parasitology.2023; 244: 108429.     CrossRef
  • Transcriptomic analysis of LMH cells in response to the overexpression of a protein of Eimeria tenella encoded by the locus ETH_00028350
    Xiao-Jing Wu, Jin Gao, Bing-Jin Mu, Lin-Mei Yu, Zi-Rui Wang, Wen-Bin Zheng, Wen-Wei Gao, Xing-Quan Zhu, Qing Liu
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,320 View
  • 145 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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Changes in Protein Phosphorylation during Salivary Gland Degeneration in Haemaphysalis longicornis
Qi Xiao, Yuhong Hu, Xiaohong Yang, Jianna Tang, Xiaoshuang Wang, Xiaomin Xue, Mengxue Li, Minjing Wang, Yinan Zhao, Jingze Liu, Hui Wang
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):161-171.
Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.161
The ticks feed large amount of blood from their hosts and transmit pathogens to the victims. The salivary gland plays an important role in the blood feeding. When the female ticks are near engorgement, the salivary gland gradually loses its functions and begins to rapidly degenerate. In this study, data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics was used to study changes in the phosphorylation modification of proteins during salivary gland degeneration in Haemaphysalis longicornis. In this quantitative study, 400 phosphorylated proteins and 850 phosphorylation modification sites were identified. Trough RNA interference experiments, we found that among the proteins with changes in phosphorylation, apoptosis-promoting Hippo protein played a role in salivary gland degeneration.

Citations

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  • Transcriptome reveals the roles and potential mechanisms of CeRNA in the regulation of salivary gland development in the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
    Shanming Hu, Songqin Chen, Haotian Zhu, Yanan Wang, Yongzhi Zhou, Jie Cao, Houshuang Zhang, Jinlin Zhou
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quantitative proteomic analysis of salivary glands in female Ornithodoros lahorensis (syn. Alveonasus lahorensis) after blood feeding via DIA-coupled LC-MS/MS
    Xiangfen Yuan, Xiaolin Xu, Huiyu Wang, Hongli Jing, Songyin Qiu, Yufang Kong, Yue Zhang, Jizhou Lv, Xun Suo, Shaoqiang Wu
    Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2025; 16(6): 102575.     CrossRef
  • Protein regulation mechanism of cold tolerance in Haemaphysalis longicornis
    Ningmei Wang, Aimeng Ji, Abolfazl Masoudi, Shuang Li, Yuhong Hu, Yefei Zhang, Zhijun Yu, Han Wang, Hui Wang, Jingze Liu
    Insect Science.2023; 30(3): 725.     CrossRef
  • Effect of chlorpyrifos on the expression and regulation of salivary gland protein of Haemaphysalis longicornis
    Xiaomin Xue, Ningmei Wang, Jingyi Ma, Aimeng Ji, Han Wang, Mengxue Li, Xiaohan Di, Jingze Liu, Hui Wang
    International Journal of Acarology.2023; 49(2): 154.     CrossRef
  • Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Haemaphysalis longicornis Saliva Reveals the Influential Contributions of Phosphoproteins to Blood-Feeding Success
    Desmond O. Agwunobi, Ningmei Wang, Lei Huang, Yefei Zhang, Guomin Chang, Kuang Wang, Mengxue Li, Hui Wang, Jingze Liu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,181 View
  • 112 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Parasite Infiltration and Apoptosis in Spleen upon Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Su-Hwa Lee, Ki-Back Chu, Fu-Shi Quan
Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):537-541.
Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.537
Toxoplasma gondii infection induces parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen. However, dose-dependent parasite infiltration, apoptosis, body weight alternations and survival in mice remain largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally infected with 10, 30 or 100 tachyzoites of T. gondii, respectively. Parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 9 post-infection by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Significantly higher levels of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were found in 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice on days 7 and 9 post-infection. Although 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice showed significant body weight loss compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice, all of the 100, 30, and 10 tachyzoites infected mice died by days 12, 15, and 17, each respectively. Interestingly, T. gondii infiltration in 10 tachyzoites infected mice were limited to capsule area of the spleen on day 9 post-infection. Several areas of parasite infiltrations were found in the 30 tachyzoites infected mice, where noticeable levels of splenic capsule de-adhesion occurred. These results indicated that parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen, as well as body weight loss (survival) are closely correlated with infection dosage. The level of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen and splenic de-adhesion were dependent on the parasite dose.

Citations

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  • Ginsenoside Rb1/baicalein nanoparticles: a potential nanomedicine for toxoplasmosis therapy
    Yingmei Lai, Zhongao Zhang, Xintian Yu, Zhuohang Cheng, Songrui Wu, Jianzu Ding, Wenkang Huang, Shaohong Lu, Huayue Ye, Haojie Ding, Xunhui Zhuo
    Acta Tropica.2025; 269: 107740.     CrossRef
  • Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing MIC8, AMA1, or RON4 induce protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain infection
    Hae-Ji Kang, Fu-Shi Quan
    Acta Tropica.2025; 270: 107812.     CrossRef
  • Early immune response to Toxoplasma gondii lineage III isolates of different virulence phenotype
    Aleksandra Uzelac, Ivana Klun, Olgica Djurković-Djaković
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory response and parasite regulation in acute toxoplasmosis: the role of P2X7 receptor in controlling virulent atypical genotype strain of Toxoplasma gondii
    Thuany Prado-Rangel, Aline Cristina Abreu Moreira-Souza, Sthefani Rodrigues Batista da Silva, Thais Barboza-Araujo, Archimedes Barbosa Castro-Junior, Isalira Peroba Rezende Ramos, Christina Maeda Takiya, Rossiane Claudia Vommaro, Robson Coutinho-Silva
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii induces MST2 phosphorylation mediating the activation of hippo signaling pathway to promote apoptosis and lung tissue damage
    Kangzhi Xu, Shifan Zhu, Fan Xu, Jin Yang, Bin Deng, Dingzeyang Su, Jing Ma, Mingyue Zu, Yifan Lin, Tianxu Pei, Yuyang Zhu, Lele Wang, Dandan Liu, Qiangde Duan, Jinjun Xu, Zhiming Pan, Jianping Tao, Zhaofeng Hou
    iScience.2024; 27(12): 111312.     CrossRef
  • Establishment of a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis and validation of a qPCR assay to assess the parasite load in maternal and fetal tissues
    Jéssica S. Souza, Priscila S. G. Farani, Beatriz I. S. Ferreira, Helene S. Barbosa, Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto, Otacilio C. Moreira, Rafael M. Mariante
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • TNF-α Triggers RIP1/FADD/Caspase-8-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and RIP3/MLKL-Mediated Necroptosis of Neurons Induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection
    Hongli Zhou, Minyu Zhou, Yue Hu, Yanin Limpanon, Yubin Ma, Ping Huang, Paron Dekumyoy, Wanchai Maleewong, Zhiyue Lv
    Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.2022; 42(6): 1841.     CrossRef
  • The potential risks of herbicide butachlor to immunotoxicity via induction of autophagy and apoptosis in the spleen
    Shanshan Zhu, Yingwei Liu, Yangwei Li, Jiangnan Yi, Bijing Yang, Yuanliang Li, Zhuanxu Ouyang, Bingxian Liu, Peng Shang, Khalid Mehmood, Rao Zahid Abbas, Shakeel Ahmed, Yung-Fu Chang, Jianying Guo, Jiaqiang Pan, Lianmei Hu, Zhaoxin Tang, Ying Li, Hui Zhan
    Chemosphere.2022; 286: 131683.     CrossRef
  • Synthesis, Characterization and Nanoformulation of Novel Sulfonamide-1,2,3-triazole Molecular Conjugates as Potent Antiparasitic Agents
    Faizah S. Aljohani, Nadjet Rezki, Mohamed R. Aouad, Bassma H. Elwakil, Mohamed Hagar, Eman Sheta, Nermine Mogahed Fawzy Hussein Mogahed, Sanaa K. Bardaweel, Nancy Abd-elkader Hagras
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(8): 4241.     CrossRef
  • Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Studies of Murine Hepatosplenic Tissues Affected by Chronic Toxoplasmosis
    Samah Hassan Yahia, Samia Elsayed Etewa, Nesreen Saeed Saleh, Samira Metwally Mohammad, Nora Ibrahim Aboulfotouh, Ahmad Mansour Kandil, Mohamed Hassan Sarhan, José F. Silveira
    Journal of Parasitology Research.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • 7,160 View
  • 98 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Neuronal Apoptosis: Pathological Basis of Behavioral Dysfunctions Induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Rodents Model
Shiqi Luo, Lisi OuYang, Jie Wei, Feng Wu, Zhongdao Wu, Wanlong Lei, Dongjuan Yuan
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):267-278.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.267
Angiostrongylus cantonensis invades the central nervous system (CNS) of humans to induce eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis and leads to persistent headache, cognitive dysfunction, and ataxic gait. Infected mice (nonpermissive host), admittedly, suffer more serious pathological injuries than rats (permissive host). However, the pathological basis of these manifestations is incompletely elucidated. In this study, the behavioral test, histological and immunohistochemical techniques, and analysis of apoptotic gene expression, especially caspase-3, were conducted. The movement and motor coordination were investigated at week 2 post infection (PI) and week 3 PI in mice and rats, respectively. The cognitive impairs could be found in mice at week 2 PI but not in rats. The plaque-like lesion, perivascular cuffing of inflammatory cells, and dilated vessels within the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were more serious in mice than in rats at week 3 PI. Transcriptomic analysis showed activated extrinsic apoptotic pathway through increased expression of TNFR1 and caspase-8 in mice CNS. Immunohistochemical and double-labeling for NeuN and caspase-3 indicated the dramatically increased expression of caspase-3 in neuron of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice but not in rats. Furthermore, western-blotting results showed high expression of cleaved caspase-3 proteins in mice but relatively low expression in rats. Thus, extrinsic apoptotic pathway participated in neuronal apoptosis might be the pathological basis of distinct behavioral dysfunctions in rodents with A. cantonensis infection. It provides the evidences of a primary molecular mechanism for the behavioral dysfunction and paves the ways to clinical diagnosis and therapy for A. cantonensis infection.

Citations

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  • Insights into the biology of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis
    Chasen D. Griffin, Vanessa O. Ezenwa, Robert H. Cowie
    Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Defective glycolysis in the cerebrum and cerebellum correlates with the pathology and neurological declines in mice with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection
    Shih-Yi Peng, Ho Yin Pekkle Lam, Yu-Ting Huang
    Parasitology International.2024; 98: 102821.     CrossRef
  • Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
    Hui Huang, Zhongyuan Zhang, Mengdan Xing, Zihan Jin, Yue Hu, Minyu Zhou, Hang Wei, Yiwen Liang, Zhiyue Lv
    Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • IL-17A Mediates Demyelination by Activating A1 Astrocytes via SOCS3 During Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection
    Zongpu Zhou, Tuo Lin, Zhen Liu, Qian Ding, Zhixuan Ma, Wanqi Li, Fukang Xie, Yue Lan, Ying Feng
    Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mechanisms of the host immune response and helminth-induced pathology during Trichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae) neuroinvasion in mice
    Tomáš Macháček, Roman Leontovyč, Barbora Šmídová, Martin Majer, Oldřich Vondráček, Iveta Vojtěchová, Tomáš Petrásek, Petr Horák, Elise O’Connell
    PLOS Pathogens.2022; 18(2): e1010302.     CrossRef
  • Improvements of cognitive functions in mice heavily infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis after treatment with albendazole, dexamethasone, or co-therapy
    Kai-Yuan Jhan, Chien-Ju Cheng, Chih-Jen Chou, Shih-Ming Jung, Guan-Jhih Lai, Kuang-Yao Chen, Lian-Chen Wang
    Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2022; 55(5): 935.     CrossRef
  • Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection
    Hongli Zhou, Zhe Chen, Yanin Limpanont, Yue Hu, Yubin Ma, Ping Huang, Paron Dekumyoy, Minyu Zhou, Yixin Cheng, Zhiyue Lv
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Severe CNS angiostrongyliasis in a young marine: a case report and literature review
    Liane McAuliffe, Shannon Fortin Ensign, Derek Larson, Mary Bavaro, Joseph Yetto, Michael Cathey, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Masashi Narita, Kiyofumi Ohkusu, Timothy Quast, Charles Volk
    The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2019; 19(4): e132.     CrossRef
  • Regulatory effect of host miR-101b-3p on parasitism of nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis via superoxide dismutase 3
    Dongjuan Yuan, Shiqi Luo, Lian Xu, Xingda Zeng, Zhongdao Wu
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms.2019; 1862(5): 557.     CrossRef
  • Trichostatin A, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Alleviates Eosinophilic Meningitis Induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection in Mice
    Yanhua Zhang, Hui Xie, Wenyan Tang, Xingda Zeng, Yu Lin, Lian Xu, Lihua Xiao, Jun Xu, Zhongdao Wu, Dongjuan Yuan
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Xiao-Qian Li, Qian Yu, Wen-Fei Tan, Zai-Li Zhang, Hong Ma
    Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2018; 74: 154.     CrossRef
  • Apoptosis and necroptosis of mouse hippocampal and parenchymal astrocytes, microglia and neurons caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection
    Zhang Mengying, Xu Yiyue, Pan Tong, Hu Yue, Yanin Limpanont, Huang Ping, Kamolnetr Okanurak, Wu Yanqi, Paron Dekumyoy, Zhou Hongli, Dorn Watthanakulpanich, Wu Zhongdao, Wang Zhi, Lv Zhiyue
    Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,315 View
  • 151 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Masoud Doroodgar, Mahdi Delavari, Moein Doroodgar, Ali Abbasi, Ali Akbar Taherian, Abbas Doroodgar
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):9-14.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.9
Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor and currently used for the treatment of breast cancer. The current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with pentavalent antimony compounds is not satisfactory. Therefore, in this study, due to its antileishmanial activity, effects of tamoxifen on the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major Iranian strain were evaluated in vitro. Promastigotes and amastigotes were treated with different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/ml) and time periods (24, 48, and 72 hr) of tamoxifen. After tamoxifen treatment, MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 biphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay) was used to determine the percentage of live parasites and Graph Pad Prism software to calculate IC50. Flow cytometry was applied to investigate the induction of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in promastigotes. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tamoxifen on promastigotes was 2.6 μg/ml after 24 hr treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that tamoxifen induced early and late apoptosis in Leishmania promastigotes. While after 48 hr in control group the apoptosis was 2.0%, the 50 ?g/L concentration of tamoxifen increased it to 59.7%. Based on the in vitro antileishmanial effect, tamoxifen might be used for leishmaniasis treatment; however, further researches on in vivo effects of tamoxifen in animal models are needed.

Citations

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  • Therapeutic effect of topical tamoxifen in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major
    Parastoo Hassani-Abharian, Seyedamirmehdi Hejazi Dehaghani, Zabihollah Shahmoradi, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Audrey Odom John
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Compared Antileishmanial Activity of Clomiphene and Tamoxifen
    Sergio Sifontes-Rodríguez, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño, Ricardo Mondragón Flores, Niurka Mollineda-Diogo, Lianet Monzote Fidalgo, Mónica Edith Mondragón-Castelán, Fedra Alardin-Gutiérrez, Lourdes Araceli López-Enzana, Daniel Andrés Sánchez-Almaraz, Ofelia
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    Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Daniela Ribeiro Alves, Selene Maia de Morais, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Taylon Felipe Silva, Eliandro Reis Tavares, Lucy Megumi Yamauchi, Idessania Nazareth Costa, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, Mar
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  • Antileishmanial Activity of Tamoxifen by Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism: A Review
    Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Haftom Gebregergs Hailu, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
    Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications.2022; Volume 14: 11.     CrossRef
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    Mozhde Ilaghi, Iraj Sharifi, Fariba Sharififar, Fatemeh Sharifi, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Zahra Babaei, Manzume Shamsi Meimamandi, Alireza Keyhani, Mehdi Bamorovat
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    Jasem Saki, Khalil Saki, Reza Arjmand
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    Aakriti Garg, Arti Singh, Anoop Kumar
    Future Microbiology.2021; 16(13): 987.     CrossRef
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    J. Eduardo Martinez-Hernandez, Zaynab Hammoud, Alessandra Mara de Sousa, Frank Kramer, Rubens L. do Monte-Neto, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho, Alberto J. M. Martin, Tim Downing
    Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kristien Cloots, Sakib Burza, Paritosh Malaviya, Epco Hasker, Sangeeta Kansal, Guy Mollett, Jaya Chakravarty, Nurpur Roy, Bibek Kumar Lal, Suman Rijal, Shyam Sundar, Marleen Boelaert, Guilherme L. Werneck
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    Aakriti Garg, Balraj Singh, Ruchika Sharma, Arti Singh, Anoop Kumar
    Current Molecular Medicine.2020; 20(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Treatment Methods of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Previous Data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran
    Nasrin Rezaee, Vahid Raissi, Ahmad Rajaeipour, Mehdi Nazari, Muhammad Getso, Ali Taghipour, Omid Raiesi, Asmaa Ibrahim
    Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(3): 760.     CrossRef
  • Diethyldithiocarbamate encapsulation reduces toxicity and promotes leishmanicidal effect through apoptosis-like mechanism in promastigote and ROS production by macrophage
    João Paulo Assolini, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Claudia Stoeglehner Sahd, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Paulo Emilio Feuser, Arthur Poester Cordeiro, Sergio Marques Borghi, Waldiceu Apareci
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Brief Communication

Quantitative Evaluation of Viability- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Ascaris suum Eggs under Different Culture-Temperature Conditions
Yong-Man Yu, You-Hang Cho, Young-Nam Youn, Juan Hua Quan, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):243-247.
Published online August 13, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.243

Ascaris suum eggs are inactivated by composting conditions; however, it is difficult to find functional changes in heat-treated A. suum eggs. Here, unembryonated A. suum eggs were incubated at 20℃, 50℃, and 70℃ in vitro, and the gene expression levels related to viability, such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (IF4E), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), and thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), and to apoptosis, such as apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIF1) and cell death protein 6 (CDP6), were evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. No prominent morphological alterations were noted in the eggs at 20℃ until day 10. In contrast, the eggs developed rapidly, and embryonated eggs and hatched larvae began to die, starting on day 2 at 50℃ and day 1 at 70℃. At 20℃, IF4E, PFK1, and TRX1 mRNA expression was significantly increased from days 2-4; however, AIF1 and CDP6 mRNA expression was not changed significantly. IF4E, PFK1, and TRX1 mRNA expression was markedly decreased from day 2 at 50℃ and 70℃, whereas AIF1 and CDP6 mRNA expression was significantly increased. The expressions of HSP70 and HSP90 were detected for 9-10 days at 20℃, for 3-5 days at 50℃, and for 2 days at 70℃. Taken together, incremental heat increases were associated with the rapid development of A. suum eggs, decreased expression of genes related to viability, and earlier expression of apoptosis-related genes, and finally these changes of viability- and apoptosis-related genes of A. suum eggs were associated with survival of the eggs under temperature stress.

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Original Articles

Anti-Apoptotic Effects of SERPIN B3 and B4 via STAT6 Activation in Macrophages after Infection with Toxoplasma gondii
Kyoung Ju Song, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):1-6.
Published online March 6, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.1

Toxoplasma gondii penetrates all kinds of nucleated eukaryotic cells but modulates host cells differently for its intracellular survival. In a previous study, we found out that serine protease inhibitors B3 and B4 (SERPIN B3/B4 because of their very high homology) were significantly induced in THP-1-derived macrophages infected with T. gondii through activation of STAT6. In this study, to evaluate the effects of the induced SERPIN B3/B4 on the apoptosis of T. gondii-infected THP-1 cells, we designed and tested various small interfering (si-) RNAs of SERPIN B3 or B4 in staurosporine-induced apoptosis of THP-1 cells. Anti-apoptotic characteristics of THP-1 cells after infection with T. gondii disappeared when SERPIN B3/B4 were knock-downed with gene specific si-RNAs transfected into THP-1 cells as detected by the cleaved caspase 3, poly-ADP ribose polymerase and DNA fragmentation. This anti-apoptotic effect was confirmed in SERPIN B3/B4 overexpressed HeLa cells. We also investigated whether inhibition of STAT6 affects the function of SERPIN B3/B4, and vice versa. Inhibition of SERPIN B3/B4 did not influence STAT6 expression but SERPIN B3/B4 expression was inhibited by STAT6 si-RNA transfection, which confirmed that SERPIN B3/B4 was induced under the control of STAT6 activation. These results suggest that T. gondii induces SERPIN B3/B4 expression via STAT6 activation to inhibit the apoptosis of infected THP-1 cells for longer survival of the intracellular parasites themselves.

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Miltefosine-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death on Leishmania major and L. tropica Strains
Shahram Khademvatan, Mohammad Javad Gharavi, Fakher Rahim, Jasem Saki
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):17-23.
Published online March 18, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.17

The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects of various concentrations of miltefosine on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) and L. tropica (MHOM/IR/02/Mash10) promastigotes and to observe the programmed cell death features. The colorimetric MTT assay was used to find L. major and L. tropica viability and the obtained results were expressed as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Also, 50% effective doses (ED50) for L. major and L. tropica amastigotes were also determined. Annexin-V FLUOS staining was performed to study the cell death properties of miltefosine using FACS analysis. Qualitative analysis of the total genomic DNA fragmentation was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, to observe changes in cell morphology, promastigotes were examined using light microscopy. In both strains of L. major and L. tropica, miltefosine induced dose-dependent death with features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, DNA laddering, and externalization of phosphatidylserine. The IC50 was achieved at 22 ?M and 11 ?M for L. major and L. tropica after 48 hr of incubation, respectively. ED50 of L. major and L. tropica amastigotes were 5.7 ?M and 4.2 ?M, respectively. Our results indicate that miltefosine induces apoptosis of the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, L. major did not display any apoptotic changes when it was exposed to miltefosine in concentrations sufficient to kill L. tropica.

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    Vineetha Mandlik, Sohan Patil, Ramanamurthy Bopanna, Sudipta Basu, Shailza Singh, Imtaiyaz Hassan
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  • Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase – inhibitor complex in leishmaniasis: Insight into the structure based drug design
    Vineetha Mandlik, Shailza Singh
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  • A Telomeric Cluster of Antimony Resistance Genes on Chromosome 34 of Leishmania infantum
    Paloma Tejera Nevado, Eugenia Bifeld, Katharina Höhn, Joachim Clos
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  • Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase – inhibitor complex in leishmaniasis: Insight into the structure based drug design
    Vineetha Mandlik, Shailza Singh
    F1000Research.2016; 5: 1610.     CrossRef
  • Cinnamic Acid Bornyl Ester Derivatives from Valeriana wallichii Exhibit Antileishmanial In Vivo Activity in Leishmania major-Infected BALB/c Mice
    Anita Masic, Ana Maria Valencia Hernandez, Sudipta Hazra, Jan Glaser, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Banasri Hazra, Uta Schurigt, Bhaskar Saha
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  • Evaluation of the effect of miltefosine on Trichomonas vaginalis
    Débora Afonso Silva Rocha, Ivone de Andrade Rosa, Wanderley de Souza, Marlene Benchimol
    Parasitology Research.2014; 113(3): 1041.     CrossRef
  • In silico and in vitro comparative activity of novel experimental derivatives against Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum promastigotes
    Shahram Khademvatan, Neda Adibpour, Alborz Eskandari, Saeed Rezaee, Mahmoud Hashemitabar, Fakher Rahim
    Experimental Parasitology.2013; 135(2): 208.     CrossRef
  • Pistagremic acid a new leishmanicidal triterpene isolated from Pistacia integerrima Stewart
    Ghias Uddin, Abdur Rauf, Mohammad Arfan, Waliullah, Inamullah khan, Mumtaz Ali, Mazhar Taimur, Inaayat ur-Rehman, Samiullah
    Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry.2012; 27(5): 646.     CrossRef
  • 12,525 View
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Involvement of Src Family Tyrosine Kinase in Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Induced by Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):285-290.
Published online December 16, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.285

Tyrosine kinases are one of the most important regulators for intracellular signal transduction related to inflammatory responses. However, there are no reports describing the effects of tyrosine kinases on neutrophil apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, isolated human neutrophils from peripheral blood were incubated with live trophozoites in the presence or absence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Entamoeba-induced receptor shedding of CD16 and PS externalization in neutrophils were inhibited by pre-incubation of neutrophils with the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein or the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Entamoeba-induced ROS production was also inhibited by genistein or PP2. Moreover, genistein and PP2 blocked the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK in neutrophils induced by E. histolytica. These results suggest that Src tyrosine kinases may participate in the signaling event for ROS-dependent activation of MAPKs during neutrophil apoptosis induced by E. histolytica.

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  • The Src family kinases contribute to MII arrest maintenance in aging porcine oocytes
    Kateřina Kheilová, Jaroslav Petr, Dalibor Řehák, Eva Chmelíková, Markéta Sedmíková
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  • The flip side of reactive oxygen species in the tropical disease‐Amoebiasis
    Sakshi Desure, Arya Mallika, Mrinalini Roy, Anupam Jyoti, Sanket Kaushik, Vijay Kumar Srivastava
    Chemical Biology & Drug Design.2021; 98(5): 930.     CrossRef
  • Differential expression of ADAM15 and ADAM17 metalloproteases in the rat brain after severe hypobaric hypoxia and hypoxic preconditioning
    Elena Rybnikova, Tatjana Gluschenko, Anasthasia Galeeva, Ekaterina Tulkova, Natalia N. Nalivaeva, Natalia Z. Makova, Anthony J. Turner, Mikhail Samoilov
    Neuroscience Research.2012; 72(4): 364.     CrossRef
  • 8,415 View
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Delayed Human Neutrophil Apoptosis by Trichomonas vaginalis Lysate
Hyun-Ouk Song, Young-Su Lim, Sun-Joo Moon, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):1-7.
Published online March 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.1

Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.

Citations

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  • The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women: A review
    Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Gideon Ikechukwu Okoroiwu, Nwanganga Ihuoma Ubosi, Getrude Uzoma Obeagu, Ebere Emilia Ayogu, Elham Elamin
    Medicine.2025; 104(41): e45063.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
    Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
    Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
    María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
    Parasitology Research.2022; 121(5): 1355.     CrossRef
  • Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis
    F. J. Rangel-Mata, E. E. Ávila-Muro, J. E. Reyes-Martínez, L. M. Olmos-Ortiz, M. E. Brunck, L. A. Arriaga-Pizano, P. Cuéllar-Mata
    Parasitology.2021; 148(13): 1624.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells
    Fei Fei Gao, Juan-Hua Quan, Min A. Lee, Wei Ye, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
    Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular investigation of Trichomoniasis in women in Al-Muthana province /Iraq
    H R J Al-abodi, K T M Al-Shaibani, E M Shaker
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2019; 1234(1): 012078.     CrossRef
  • Amaurocine: Anti- Trichomonas vaginalis protein produced by the basidiomycete Amauroderma camerarium
    Mariana Duarte, Adriana Seixas, Maira Peres de Carvalho, Tiana Tasca, Alexandre José Macedo
    Experimental Parasitology.2016; 161: 6.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis induces cytopathic effect on human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial cell line A549
    Daile Meek C. Salvador-Membreve, Sonia D. Jacinto, Windell L. Rivera
    Experimental Parasitology.2014; 147: 33.     CrossRef
  • Trichonomas vaginalis Metalloproteinase Induces Apoptosis of SiHa Cells through Disrupting the Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-xL/Bim Complexes
    Juan-Hua Quan, Byung-Hun Kang, Guang-Ho Cha, Wei Zhou, Young-Bok Koh, Jung-Bo Yang, Heon-Jong Yoo, Min-A Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Heung-Tae Noh, Jaeyul Kwon, Young-Ha Lee, A. R. M. Ruhul Amin
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(10): e110659.     CrossRef
  • Altered CD16 expression on vaginal neutrophils from women with vaginitis
    Joziani Beghini, Paulo C. Giraldo, Ruth Riboldi, Rose L.G. Amaral, José Eleutério, Steven S. Witkin, Fernando Guimarães
    European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2013; 167(1): 96.     CrossRef
  • Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
    Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin
    Inflammation Research.2012; 61(2): 97.     CrossRef
  • NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced byTrichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products
    Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 291.     CrossRef
  • Trichomoniasis
    Jae-Sook Ryu
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • 10,086 View
  • 94 Download
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Brief Communications

Cloning of the novel putative apoptosis-related gene of Spirometra erinacei (Order Pseudophyllidea)
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):233-237.
Published online September 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.233

We postulated that apolysis was processed in accordance with apoptotic changes occurring in a cestode, Spirometra erinacei (Pseudophyllidea). We cloned the novel putative apoptosis-associated gene from S. erinacei via screening of a S. erinacei cDNA library with a ced-3 gene (activator of apoptosis) probe from Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified a 261-bp cDNA sequence, which encodes for an 86-amino acid protein. The cloned gene expression was observed in the neck and gravid proglottids via Northern blotting, using cloned cDNA inserts as probes, but the clone was not expressed in any of other tissues. We suggest that this gene may be involved in the apolysis of S. erinacei during normal tissue development and differentiation in cestode parasites.

Citations

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  • The genome of the sparganosis tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaeiisolated from the biopsy of a migrating brain lesion
    Hayley M Bennett, Hoi Ping Mok, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Isheng J Tsai, Eleanor J Stanley, Nagui M Antoun, Avril Coghlan, Bhavana Harsha, Alessandra Traini, Diogo M Ribeiro, Sascha Steinbiss, Sebastian B Lucas, Kieren SJ Allinson, Stephen J Price, Thom
    Genome Biology.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,207 View
  • 56 Download
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Ultrastructural observation of human neutrophils during apoptotic cell death triggered by Entamoeba histolytica
Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Soon-Jung Park, Kyung-il Im, Myeong Heon Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):205-208.
Published online December 20, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.205

Neutrophils are important effector cells against protozoan extracellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic colitis and liver abscess in human beings. Apoptotic cell death of neutrophils is an important event in the resolution of inflammation and parasite's survival in vivo. This study was undertaken to investigate the ultrastructural aspects of apoptotic cells during neutrophil death triggered by Entamoeba histolytica. Isolated human neutrophils from the peripheral blood were incubated with or without live trophozoites of E. histolytica and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neutrophils incubated with E. histolytica were observed to show apoptotic characteristics, such as compaction of the nuclear chromatin and swelling of the nuclear envelop. In contrast, neutrophils incubated in the absence of the amoeba had many protrusions of irregular cell surfaces and heterogenous nuclear chromatin. Therefore, it is suggested that Entamoeba-induced neutrophil apoptosis contribute to prevent unwanted tissue inflammation and damage in the amoeba-invaded lesions in vivo.

Citations

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  • Signaling Role of NADPH Oxidases in ROS-Dependent Host Cell Death Induced by Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
    Young Ah Lee, Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 155.     CrossRef
  • The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
    César Díaz-Godínez, Julio C. Carrero
    Bioscience Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites Induce a Rapid Non-classical NETosis Mechanism Independent of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and PAD4 Activity
    César Díaz-Godínez, Zayda Fonseca, Mario Néquiz, Juan P. Laclette, Carlos Rosales, Julio C. Carrero
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Entamoeba histolytica induces human neutrophils to form NETs
    J. Ventura‐Juarez, MR. Campos‐Esparza, J. Pacheco‐Yepez, J. A López‐Blanco, A. Adabache‐Ortíz, M. Silva‐Briano, R. Campos‐Rodríguez
    Parasite Immunology.2016; 38(8): 503.     CrossRef
  • Modulatory mechanisms of enterocyte apoptosis by viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens
    Andre G Buret, Amol Bhargava
    Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2014; 40(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Anoikis potential of Entameba histolytica secretory cysteine proteases: Evidence of contact independent host cell death
    Sudeep Kumar, Rajdeep Banerjee, Nilay Nandi, Abul Hasan Sardar, Pradeep Das
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2012; 52(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • In vivo programmed cell death of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in a hamster model of amoebic liver abscess
    J. D. Villalba-Magdaleno, G. Perez-Ishiwara, J. Serrano-Luna, V. Tsutsumi, M. Shibayama
    Microbiology.2011; 157(5): 1489.     CrossRef
  • TGF‐β‐regulated tyrosine phosphatases induce lymphocyte apoptosis in Leishmania donovani‐infected hamsters
    Rajdeep Banerjee, Sudeep Kumar, Abhik Sen, Ananda Mookerjee, Syamal Roy, Subrata Pal, Pradeep Das
    Immunology & Cell Biology.2011; 89(3): 466.     CrossRef
  • Involvement of Src Family Tyrosine Kinase in Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Induced by Protozoan ParasiteEntamoeba histolytica
    Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(4): 285.     CrossRef
  • Calpain-dependent calpastatin cleavage regulates caspase-3 activation during apoptosis of Jurkat T cells induced by Entamoeba histolytica
    Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
    International Journal for Parasitology.2007; 37(11): 1209.     CrossRef
  • Involvement of β2-integrin in ROS-mediated neutrophil apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica
    Seobo Sim, Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong, Kyung-Il Im, Myeong Heon Shin
    Microbes and Infection.2007; 9(11): 1368.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis promotes apoptosis of human neutrophils by activating caspase‐3 and reducing Mcl‐1 expression
    J. H. KANG, H. O. SONG, J. S. RYU, M. H. SHIN, J. M. KIM, Y. S. CHO, J. F. ALDERETE, M. H. AHN, D. Y. MIN
    Parasite Immunology.2006; 28(9): 439.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii Inhibits Apoptosis in Infected Cells by Caspase Inactivation and NF-κB Activation
    Ji-Young Kim, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Hye-Sun Jun, Jai-Won Jung, Jae-Sook Ryu, Duk-Young Min
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2006; 47(6): 862.     CrossRef
  • 7,986 View
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Original Articles
Effects of iNOS inhibitor on IFN-γ production and apoptosis of splenocytes in genetically different strains of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii
Ki-Man Kang, Gye-Sung Lee, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Wook Choi, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):175-183.
Published online December 20, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.175

To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in IFN-γ production and apoptosis of splenocytes in genetically different strains of mice with toxoplasmosis, BALB/c (a toxoplasmosis resistant strain) and C57BL/6 (a toxoplasmosis susceptible strain) mice were infected with Toxoplasma gondii cysts orally and subsequently injected intraperitoneally with aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor (AG; 35 mg/kg per mouse daily for 14 days). When BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were infected with T. gondii without AG treatment, number of brain cysts, NO and IFN-γ production by splenocytes, and percentages of apoptotic splenocytes were increased compared to uninfected control mice without AG treatment. AG treatment increased the number of brain cysts, and reduced NO and IFN-γ production in T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, in T. gondii-infected BABL/c mice, the number of brain cysts, and NO and IFN-γ production of splenocytes was not altered by treatment with AG. However, the percentages of apoptotic splenocytes in T. gondii-infected BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were not affected by AG treatment. These results suggest that NO modulates IFN-γ production in T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice, and that NO is involved in mediating a protective response in toxoplasmosis susceptible, but not resistant, mice strain during acute infection.

Citations

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  • Effect of spiramycin versus aminoguanidine and their combined use in experimental toxoplasmosis
    Marwa Omar, Beessa E. Abaza, Esraa Mousa, Shereen M. Ibrahim, Hayam E. Rashed, Tahani I. Farag
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(4): 1014.     CrossRef
  • Recombinant TgHSP70 Immunization Protects against Toxoplasma gondii Brain Cyst Formation by Enhancing Inducible Nitric Oxide Expression
    Paulo Czarnewski, Ester C. B. Araújo, Mário C. Oliveira, Tiago W. P. Mineo, Neide M. Silva
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhea caused by theVibrio choleraeO1 El Tor variant: anin vivostudy in mice
    Saravut Satitsri, Pawin Pongkorpsakol, Potjanee Srimanote, Varanuj Chatsudthipong, Chatchai Muanprasat
    Virulence.2016; 7(7): 789.     CrossRef
  • Oxidative stress and tryptophan degradation pattern of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice
    Ayse Basak Engin, Funda Dogruman-Al, Ugur Ercin, Bekir Celebi, Cahit Babur, Neslihan Bukan
    Parasitology Research.2012; 111(4): 1725.     CrossRef
  • Distinct roles for nitric oxide in resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible BALB/c mice to control Burkholderia pseudomallei infection
    Katrin Breitbach, Patimaporn Wongprompitak, Ivo Steinmetz
    BMC Immunology.2011;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • MMHD [(S,E)-2-Methyl-1-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl) hexa-1,5-dien-ol], a Novel Synthetic Compound Derived From Epothilone, Suppresses Nuclear Factor-κB–Mediated Cytokine Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV-2 Microglia
    Na-Ra Jeon, Sushruta Koppula, Byung-Wook Kim, Su-Ho Park, Hyo-Won Lee, Dong-Kug Choi
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences.2010; 112(2): 158.     CrossRef
  • The immunobiology of the innate response to Toxoplasma gondii
    Catherine M. Miller, Nicola R. Boulter, Rowan J. Ikin, Nicholas C. Smith
    International Journal for Parasitology.2009; 39(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, and Nitric Oxide Levels in Toxoplasma gondii Seropositive Patients
    Ulku Karaman, Tuncay Celik, Tugba Raika Kiran, Cemil Colak, Nilgun Ulfet Daldal
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(4): 293.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii infection induces apoptosis in noninfected macrophages: role of nitric oxide and other soluble factors
    Y. NISHIKAWA, O. KAWASE, O. VIELEMEYER, H. SUZUKI, K. A. JOINER, X. XUAN, H. NAGASAWA
    Parasite Immunology.2007; 29(7): 375.     CrossRef
  • 8,892 View
  • 114 Download
  • Crossref

Eosinophils are important effector cells in host defense against parasites. Excretory-secretory product (ESP) produced by helminthic worms plays important roles in the uptake of nutrients, migration in the host tissue, and in immune modulation. However, little is known about the ability of the ESP to directly trigger eosinophil apoptosis. This study investigated whether the ESP of newly excysted metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani could induce apoptosis in human eosinophils. Apoptosis was assayed by staining the cells with FITC-annexin V, and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. It was found that the ESP of newly excysted metacercariae of P. westermani induced a direct time- and concentration-dependent increase in the rate of constitutive apoptosis in mature human eosinophils. Eosinophil apoptosis was first apparent 3 hr after treatment with the ESP and continued to increase after 6 hr of incubation with respect to the cells cultured in the absence of the ESP. While only 2.8% of the eosinophils incubated in the medium for 3 hr were apoptotic, 7.6%, 10.9% and 22.6% of the eosinophils treated with 10, 30 and 100 ?g/ml ESP were apoptotic, respectively. This result suggests that the ESP of newly excysted metacercariae of P. westermani directly induce eosinophil apoptosis, which may be important for the survival of the parasites and the reduction of eosinophilic inflammation in vivo.

Citations

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  • Gastric lesions in dolphins stranded along the Eastern Adriatic coast
    J Hrabar, I Bočina, A Gudan Kurilj, M Đuras, I Mladineo
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms.2017; 125(2): 125.     CrossRef
  • Fasciola hepatica induces eosinophil apoptosis in the migratory and biliary stages of infection in sheep
    A. Escamilla, M.J. Bautista, R. Zafra, I.L. Pacheco, M.T. Ruiz, S. Martínez-Cruz, A. Méndez, A. Martínez-Moreno, V. Molina-Hernández, J. Pérez
    Veterinary Parasitology.2016; 216: 84.     CrossRef
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    Lorena Guasconi, Marianela C. Serradell, Diana T. Masih
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.2012; 148(3-4): 359.     CrossRef
  • Staphylococcus aureus Induces Eosinophil Cell Death Mediated by α-hemolysin
    Lynne R. Prince, Kirstie J. Graham, John Connolly, Sadia Anwar, Robert Ridley, Ian Sabroe, Simon J. Foster, Moira K. B. Whyte, Malcolm James Horsburgh
    PLoS ONE.2012; 7(2): e31506.     CrossRef
  • A 27 kDa Cysteine Protease Secreted by Newly Excysted Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae Induces Superoxide Anion Production and Degranulation of Human Eosinophils
    Young-Bae Chung, Hirohito Kita, Myeong Heon Shin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 95.     CrossRef
  • Excretory-secretory products from Fasciola hepatica induce eosinophil apoptosis by a caspase-dependent mechanism
    Marianela C. Serradell, Lorena Guasconi, Laura Cervi, Laura S. Chiapello, Diana T. Masih
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.2007; 117(3-4): 197.     CrossRef
  • Excretory-Secretory Products Produced by Paragonimus westermani Differentially Regulate the Nitric Oxide Production and Viability of Microglial Cells
    Youngnam Jin, Jae-Chul Lee, In Young Choi, Eun A. Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Won-Ki Kim
    International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.2006; 139(1): 16.     CrossRef
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    W. A. Petri, Myeong Heon Shin, Hirohito Kita, Hae Young Park, Ju Young Seoh
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