Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Correlation of endemicity between monogenean trematode, Microcotyle sebastis, and parasitic copepods in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, from a fish farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea: Won-Sik Woo, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Chan-Il Park; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):332-337.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23019

Abstract
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Infestations of parasites, particularly those caused by copepods and monogeneans, are a major hindrance to aquaculture and have a big negative economic impact. Sebastes schlegelii, a farmed Korean rockfish, is particularly prone to copepods and monogeneans. This study comprehended how parasitic copepods and rockfish from a farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, are related to the monogenean trematode Microcotyle sebastis. Our research revealed that monogeneans predominated, with a rate of 98.4% and an average infection intensity of 7 per infected fish. With an average infection intensity of 4 per sick fish, the infection rate for parasitic copepods was equally considerable, coming in at 91.7%. The high co-infection rate of both parasite families, at 90.8%, is noteworthy. Furthermore, Lepeophtheirus elegans and Peniculus truncatus, 2 parasitic copepod species, were discovered to have M. sebastis eggs attached to their bodies. This demonstrates a connection between parasitic copepod infestations in farmed Korean rockfish and the monogenean trematode M. sebastis. These discoveries highlight the necessity for creating more potent parasite control methods for the aquaculture sector and shed light on the intricate relationships between various parasite species.

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Evidence of gill migration in monogenean polyopisthocotylean Microcotyle sebastis larvae infesting Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
Won-Sik Woo, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Min-Soo Joo, Chan-Il Park
Aquaculture Reports.2024; 39: 102398. CrossRef

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Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea: Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Sooji Hong, Keon-Hoon Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Jisu Kang, Jini Lim, Hana Lee, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):705-708.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.705

Abstract
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Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) is a human intestinal trematode contracted by eating raw oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). It has been known to be highly endemic in Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province). However, recent epidemiological status of G. seoi has not been reported since the 1990s. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of G. seoi metacercariae in natural and cultured oysters collected from 3 islands and 2 coastal areas in western parts of Korea. The oysters were examined using the artificial digestion method followed by stereomicroscopy. The overall positive rate of G. seoi metacercariae in natural oysters was 66.0% (99/150), and the oysters collected from Yubu Island showed the highest infection rate (74.0%). However, the metacercarial density per oyster was relatively low (1.5-2.4 per oyster). By contrast, no metacercaria was found in cultured oysters purchased from 2 coastal areas in Chungcheongnam-do. Thus, we could confirm that natural oysters produced from 3 western coastal islands are infected with G. seoi metacercariae, whereas cultured oysters purchased from 2 coastal areas were free from infection.

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High sensitivity detection of Clonorchis sinensis and Gymnophalloides seoi in food by new real-time gene amplification method
Min Ji Hong, Mi-Gyeong Kim, Doo Won Seo, Hyun Mi Jung, Hyun-Ja Han, Seung Hwan Kim, Insun Joo
Food Science and Biotechnology.2025; 34(14): 3417. CrossRef

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Status and Risk Factors of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Rural Communities of Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR: Phasouk Senephansiri, Porntip Laummaunwai, Sakorn Laymanivong, Thidarut Boonmar; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):569-573.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.569

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The present study was performed to reveal the current status and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infections in the villages of Kenethao district, Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined for S. stercoralis using Koga-agar plate culture technique. Among 516 individuals, the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infection was 44.2% and 17.1%, respectively. Co-infection was detected in 13.2% of the cases. The prevalence did not significantly differ between males and females (P=0.193). However, the prevalence of S. stercoralis infection increased significantly with age (P=0.041). Of the risk factors examined, both performing farming activities (P=0.001) and walking barefoot when going outside of the house (P=0.003) showed significant correlations with S. stercoralis infections. Our results suggest that S. stercoralis is highly endemic in this area. The National Helminth Control Program of Lao PDR should take actions to control S. stercoralis infection. In addition, provision of health education about the benefits of wearing shoes would be important for reducing infection in the study area. Moreover, the application of high-sensitivity diagnostic approaches is needed to obtain the true impact of S. stercoralis infections in all rural communities in order to provide surveillance activities in Lao PDR.

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Residual gastritis associated with Strongyloides stercoralis infection: A case report
Shanshan Cai, Miaomiao Zhou, Yulian Zhang, Wei Luo, Bushan Xie
Medicine.2024; 103(39): e39714. CrossRef
Diagnostic value of urinary and serum IgG antibodies in evaluating drug treatment response in strongyloidiasis assessed by fecal examination and digital droplet PCR
Phattharaphon Wongphutorn, Kulthida Y. Kopolrat, Chanika Worasith, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Nuttanan Hongsrichan, Opal Pitaksakulrat, Jiraporn Sithithaworn, Patcharaporn Tippayawat, Anchalee Techasen, Rahmah Noordin, Thomas Crellen, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Dav
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0306732. CrossRef
Intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among adults in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Sengaloun Phonekeo, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Manithong Vonglokham, Latsamy Siengsounthone, Anousin Homsana, Sascha Gummin, Penelope Vounatsu, Prawat Nittiyanant, Suchin Worawichawong, Wichai Aekplakorn, Peter Odermatt, Somphou Sayasone
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Humans: A Narrative Review of the Most Neglected Parasitic Disease
Mary Y Yeh, Sanjana Aggarwal, Margaret Carrig, Ahad Azeem, Anny Nguyen, Shannon Devries, Chris Destache, Toan Nguyen, Manasa Velagapudi
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Human strongyloidiasis: complexities and pathways forward
Dora Buonfrate, Richard S. Bradbury, Matthew R. Watts, Zeno Bisoffi, Louisa A. Messenger
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Determinant factors of chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection among schoolchildren in Amhara National Regional State, northwest Ethiopia
Tadesse Hailu, Endalkachew Nibret, Arancha Amor, Abaineh Munshea, Melaku Anegagrie
Acta Tropica.2022; 226: 106280. CrossRef
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and associated clinical symptoms among schoolchildren living in different altitudes of Amhara National Regional State, northwest Ethiopia
Tadesse Hailu Jember, Arancha Amor, Endalkachew Nibret, Abaineh Munshea, Maria Flores-Chavez, Thuy-Huong Ta-Tang, Jose M Saugar, Agustín Benito, Melaku Anegagrie, Neil D. Young
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(4): e0010299. CrossRef
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and genetic differentiation of Strongyloides stercoralis among migrant workers from Myanmar, Lao PDR and Cambodia in northeastern Thailand
Wararat Sangwalee, Jun Norkaew, Sengchoy Inthachak, Penchom Janwan, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Lakkhana Sadaow, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Raffi V. Aroian
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(12): e0279754. CrossRef
Age range implications of rats over Strongyloides venezuelensis infection
Laiz C. Tavore, Maria Teresa Silva Bispo, Loyane Almeida Gama, Vitor Mati, Luana Anjos-Ramos
Experimental Parasitology.2021; 220: 108046. CrossRef
Where was my patient born? The Intersection of tropical medicine and migrant health
Cesar G. Berto, Christina M. Coyle, Lianna Friedman, Patricia F. Walker
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases.2021; 34(5): 447. CrossRef
Determinant Factors of Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis Infection Among Schoolchildren in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia
Tadesse Hailu, Dr. Endalkachew Nibret, Dr. Arancha Amor, Abayneh Munshea Munshea Abitew, Melaku Anegagrie
SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Soil-transmitted helminth infections and taeniasis on Samosir Island, Indonesia
Toni Wandra, Dewi Masyithah Darlan, Hemma Yulfi, Ivan Elisabeth Purba, Marcello Otake Sato, Christine M Budke, Akira Ito
Acta Tropica.2020; 202: 105250. CrossRef
Rapid Progress toward Elimination of Strongyloidiasis in North Queensland, Tropical Australia, 2000–2018
Matthew Paltridge, Simon Smith, Aileen Traves, Robyn McDermott, Xin Fang, Chris Blake, Brad Milligan, Andrew D’Addona, Josh Hanson
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 102(2): 339. CrossRef
Current status of Opisthorchis viverrini, minute intestinal fluke and Taenia spp. infections among inhabitants in the Kenethao district of northern Lao PDR
Phasouk Senephansiri, Thaksaporn Thongseesuksai, Phaviny Sithay, Sakhone Laymanivong, Thidarut Boonmar, Porntip Laummaunwai
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(5): 397. CrossRef
Status of Strongyloidiasis in Japan, 2000–2017
Hiroshi Ikuno, Takashi Ishikawa, Kazumi Norose
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 103(2): 727. CrossRef
Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence and diagnostics in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Somaphone Chankongsin, Rahel Wampfler, Marie-Therese Ruf, Peter Odermatt, Hanspeter Marti, Beatrice Nickel, Valy Keoluangkhot, Andreas Neumayr
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Odds, challenges and new approaches in the control of helminthiasis, an Asian study
Marcello Otake Sato, Poom Adsakwattana, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla, Jun Kobayashi, Megumi Sato, Tiengkhan Pongvongsa, Raffy Jay C. Fornillos, Jitra Waikagul
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2019; 4: e00083. CrossRef
Strongyloidiasis
Alejandro Krolewiecki, Thomas B. Nutman
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2019; 33(1): 135. CrossRef
Strongyloides stercoralis Infection at Different Altitudes of the Cusco Region in Peru
Maria Luisa Morales, Martha Lopez, Priscilla Ly, Seher Anjum, Martha Vanessa Fernandez-Baca, Angela Maria Valdivia-Rodriguez, Frecia Maribel Mamani-Licona, Benicia Baca-Turpo, Nedhy Farfan-Gonzales, Yeshica Chaman-Illanes, Miguel Mauricio Cabada
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 101(2): 422. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Nabil A. Nasr, Yvonne A. L. Lim, Fatin Nur Elyana, Hany Sady, Wahib M. Atroosh, Salwa Dawaki, Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Rahmah Noordin, Rohela Mahmud
Parasitology.2019; 146(12): 1602. CrossRef
Active screening of gastrointestinal helminth infection in migrant workers in Thailand
Soraya J Kaewpitoon, Wararat Sangwalee, Jirawoot Kujapun, Jun Norkaew, Jirayut Chuatanam, Sukanya Ponphimai, Wasugree Chavengkun, Natnapa Padchasuwan, Thirayu Meererksom, Taweesak Tongtawee, Likit Matrakool, Sukij Panpimanmas, Parichart Wakkhuwatapong, Na
Journal of International Medical Research.2018; 46(11): 4560. CrossRef
Prevalence and associated risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Lower Myanmar
Myo Pa Pa Thet Hnin Htwe Aung, Akina Hino, Khine Mar Oo, Kyu Kyu Win, Haruhiko Maruyama, Wah Win Htike, Eiji Nagayasu
Tropical Medicine and Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting 18S Ribosomal DNA for Rapid Detection of Azumiobodo hoyamushi (Kinetoplastea): Su-Min Song, Dinzouna-Boutamba Sylvatrie-Danne, So-Young Joo, Yun Kyung Shin, Hak Sun Yu, Yong-Seok Lee, Ji-Eon Jung, Noboru Inoue, Won Kee Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):305-310.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.305

Abstract
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Ascidian soft tunic syndrome (AsSTS) caused by Azumiobodo hoyamushi (A. hoyamushi) is a serious aquaculture problem that results in mass mortality of ascidians. Accordingly, the early and accurate detection of A. hoyamushi would contribute substantially to disease management and prevention of transmission. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was adopted for clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, the authors describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting the 18S rDNA gene for detection of A. hoyamushi using ascidian DNA for the diagnosis of AsSTS. A. hoyamushi LAMP assay amplified the DNA of 0.01 parasites per reaction and detected A. hoyamushi in 10 ng of ascidian DNA. To validate A. hoyamushi 18S rDNA LAMP assays, AsSTS-suspected and non-diseased ascidians were examined by microscopy, PCR, and by using the LAMP assay. When PCR was used as a gold standard, the LAMP assay showed good agreement in terms of sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). In the present study, a LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient as DNA extraction using a commercial kit for detecting A. hoyamushi. Taken together, this study shows the devised A. hoyamushi LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AsSTS in a straightforward, sensitive, and specific manner, that it could be used for forecasting, surveillance, and quarantine of AsSTS.

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Measurement of Tunic Hardness in an Edible Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, with Remarks on Soft Tunic Syndrome
Euichi Hirose, Kei Nakayama, Tetsuya Yanagida, Akatsuki Nawata, Shin-Ichi Kitamura
Zoological Science.2018; 35(6): 548. CrossRef

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2 Web of Science
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Modified Formalin-Ether Concentration Technique for Diagnosis of Human Strongyloidiasis: Witthaya Anamnart, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):743-745.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.743

Abstract
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We compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalin-ether concentration technique (M-FECT) to the conventional FECT (C-FECT) and the agar plate culture (APC) method for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. For this purpose, we used 600 human fecal specimens collected in an endemic area of southern Thailand. In the M-FECT, we used 2 layers of wire meshes, instead of gauze, to avoid the loss by absorption/adhesion of larvae to the gauze during filtration, and we reduced the exposure time of S. stercoralis larvae in stool samples to formalin. By such simple modifications, the efficacy of M-FECT has become comparable to APC and was much better than that of C-FECT for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis.

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Catherine A. Gordon, Jürg Utzinger, Stephen Muhi, Sören L. Becker, Jennifer Keiser, Virak Khieu, Darren J. Gray
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Apisit Chaidee, Naruechar Charoenram, Chatchawan Sengthong, Rungtiwa Dangtakot, Porntip Pinlaor, Thatsanapong Pongking, Somchai Pinlaor
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Wansiri Wiraphongthongchai, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Kavin Thinkhamrop, Kulwadee Suwannatrai, Kulthida Y. Kopolrat, Chanika Worasith, Apiporn T. Suwannatrai
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Intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among adults in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Sengaloun Phonekeo, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Manithong Vonglokham, Latsamy Siengsounthone, Anousin Homsana, Sascha Gummin, Penelope Vounatsu, Prawat Nittiyanant, Suchin Worawichawong, Wichai Aekplakorn, Peter Odermatt, Somphou Sayasone
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Wannee Kaewrat, Chatchawan Sengthong, Manachai Yingklang, Kitti Intuyod, Ornuma Haonon, Sudarat Onsurathum, Rungtiwa Dangtakot, Phitsamai Saisud, Arunnee Sangka, Sirirat Anutrakulchai, Somchai Pinlaor, Ubon Cha'on, Porntip Pinlaor
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105291. CrossRef
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Isabel Fradejas, J M Herrero-Martínez, Manuel Lizasoaín, Esperanza Rodríguez de las Parras, Ana Pérez-Ayala
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Ayman A. El-Badry, Doaa A. Hamdy, Wegdan M. Abd El Wahab
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Original Articles

Survey for zoonotic liver and intestinal trematode metacercariae in cultured and wild fish in An Giang Province, Vietnam: Nguyen Diem Thu, Anders Dalsgaard, Ly Thi Thanh Loan, K. Darwin Murrell; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):45-54.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.45

Abstract
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Although Vietnam has a high risk of fishborne zoonotic trematode (FZT) infections for humans, little information exists on the epidemiology of these infections in the country's fish. Because of the importance of cultured catfish and snakehead production in An Giang province, a major production area in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, a survey for FZTs was carried out in randomly selected fish farms between June 2005 and March 2006. For comparison, wild fish from the same area were also surveyed. A total of 852 cultured fish from 4 districts were collected and examined by pepsin digestion to determine their FZT infection status. In Tra catfish, the prevalence of all types of metacercariae was 2.6%, of which the prevalence of Haplorchis pumilio was 0.7%. The overall prevalence of metacercariae in wild fish was 30.6%, of which 10.3% harbored zoonotic species: H. pumilio (2.8%) and Procerovum sp. (5.6%). The prevalence of Opisthorchis metacercariae, which were diagnosed as O. viverrini, was 1.9%. No metacercariae were found in cultured snakehead fish, although wild-caught snakehead fish had a FZT prevalence of 10.3%: 5.1% were O. viverrini; 2.6% H. pumilio; and 2.6% were Procerovum sp. These are the first reports of H. pumilio, Procerovum sp., and O. viverrini metacercariae in Vietnamese fish. These results indicate that consumption of improperly prepared fish represents a significant risk of acquiring FZTs in this south Vietnam region.

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Exploring the second intermediate hosts and morphology of human- and cat-specific Opisthorchis viverrini-like populations
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Three species of Exorchis Kobayashi, 1921 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) in the East-Asian region: morphological and molecular data
Daria A. Solodovnik, Yulia V. Tatonova, Misako Urabe, Vladimir V. Besprozvannykh, Minoru Nakao, Ken Inoue
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Fish-borne trematode infections in wild fishes in Bangladesh
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Michelle Williams, Marta Hernandez-Jover, Shokoofeh Shamsi
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High Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis and Other Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from a Local Market in Yen Bai Province, Northern Vietnam
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Guang-Li Zhu, Yi-Yang Tang, Yanin Limpanont, Zhong-Dao Wu, Jian Li, Zhi-Yue Lv
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A new culture system for in situ observation of the growth and development of Eucyclops serrulatus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida): Sung-Hee Park, Cheon-Young Chang, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):141-147.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.141

Abstract
PDF

A practical and convenient method of rearing Eucyclops serrulatus in a microculture environment is described. A complete life cycle of E. serrulatus was maintained in a narrow space on a microscope slide glass on which a cover glass of 22 x 40 mm in size was mounted at a height of 0.8 mm. The culture medium was constituted by bottled mineral water boiled with grains of Glycine max (soybean). Chilomonas paramecium, a free-living protozoan organism, was provided as live food. Growth of nauplii hatched from eggs to the first stage of copepodite took an average of 7.7 days, and the growth of copepodite 1 to the egg-bearing adult female took an average of 20.1 days in the microculture cell with an average life time of 44.7 days. Continuous passage of copepods was successfully maintained as long as sufficient medium and food were provided. The microculture method enables an in situ microscopic observation on the growth and developmental process of helminth larvae experimentally infected to copepods as well as of copepod itself. Furthermore, it does not require anesthetization and, therefore, minimize the amount of stress exposed to copepods during the handling process.

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Arthrostoma miyazakiense (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) infection in raccoon dogs of Korea and experimental transmission to dogs
Sung-Shik Shin, Dae-Jung Cha, Kyoung-Oh Cho, Ho-Sung Cho, Jeong-Ok Choi, Shin-Hyeong Cho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(2): 121. CrossRef

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In vitro culture of Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line: Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(1):27-34.
Published online March 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.1.27

Abstract
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We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.

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Yukimasa Ooi, Eriko Daikoku, Hong Wu, Hiroaki Aoki, Chizuko Morita, Takashi Nakano, Takehiro Kohno, Tomohiko Takasaki, Kouichi Sano
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Laboratory passage and characterization of an isolate of Toxoplasma gondii from an ocular patient in Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Aifen Lin, Eun-Hee Shin, Myoung-Don Oh, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Woo Nam, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(3):147-154.
Published online September 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.3.147

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were isolated from the blood of an ocular patient, and have been successfully passaged in the laboratory, for over a year, by peritoneal inoculation in mice. The isolated parasite was designated the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) and its characteristics were compared with those of the RH strain, a well-known virulent strain originating from a child who suffered from encephalitis. The morphology, pathogenicity, infectivity and cell culture characteristics of the KI-1 were similar to those of the RH strain. Both RH and KI-1 antigens were detected by an anti-T. gondii monoclonal antibody (mAb), Tg563, against the major surface protein SAG1 (30 kDa), whereas no reaction was observed against an anti-Neospora caninum mAb, 12B4. The KI-1 was confirmed as an isolate of T. gondii. A long-term laboratory maintenance and characterization of a local T. gondii isolate is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea.

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Aifen Lin, Eun-Hee Shin, Tae-Yun Kim, Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2005; 43(1): 27. CrossRef
Food-borne Parasitic Diseases
Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2004; 47(6): 496. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Postmetacercarial changes in Echinostoma caproni maintained in a defined medium plus calf serum: Bernard Fried, Aditya Reddy; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(3):173-175.
Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.173

Abstract
PDF

The present study examined postmetacercarial changes in the excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni maintained in the defined medium Mixture 199 plus 20% calf serum for 7 days at 41℃. The gas phase was atmospheric air. Each culture was inoculated with 25 excysted metacerariae. Cultures were maintained upright in closed 15 ml plastic centrifuge tubes each containing 10 ml of medium plus 200 units of penicillin/ml and 200 ?g of streptomycin/ml. By 4 days in culture, most metacercariae had voided their excretory concretions. Organisms were clumped or solitary at the bottom of the cultures. Many organisms showed flaring of the oral collar and extension of both the collar and tegumentary spines. By 4 days in culture, posterior protuberances or bumps were noted on many of the organisms and some organisms showed abnormal vesicular growths or blebs at their posterior ends. Some mortality was noted in culture by day 5, but most organisms were still alive when the cultures were terminated on day 7.

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In vitro excystation of Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) metacercariae assessed by light microscopy, morphometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Joyce Souza, Juberlan Garcia, Renata H. Neves, José Roberto Machado-Silva, Arnaldo Maldonado
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 135(4): 701. CrossRef

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Axenic cultivation and characterization of Giardia lamblia isolated from humans in Korea: Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong, Hye-Won Yang, Du-Ho Lee, Kyungwon Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):121-125.
Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.121

Abstract
PDF

Inoculating of human fecal cysts to suckling Mongolian gerbils, two Giardia lamblia isolates, K1 and K2, were established as axenic cultures. Using this in vitro culture, both isolates were characterized as a "medium-rate grower" upon its growth pattern. These two Giardia isolates were grouped by using two genetic analysis. With genetic analysis of SSU-rDNA sequences, both K1 and K2 were found as members of Hopkins' group 1, despite some nucleotide differences noticed in K1 (5 differences/292 bases). The other genetic study used PCR-RFLP of the tim (triose phosphate isomerase) gene. Both of K1 and K2 were found to belong to Nash's group 2. Our results suggest that Nash's group 2 can not be a separate group, but a part of Hopkins' group 1.

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Host specificity in the Giardia duodenalis species complex
Simone M. Cacciò, Marco Lalle, Staffan G. Svärd
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2018; 66: 335. CrossRef
Impaired Parasite Attachment as Fitness Cost of Metronidazole Resistance in Giardia lamblia
Noa Tejman-Yarden, Maya Millman, Tineke Lauwaet, Barbara J. Davids, Frances D. Gillin, Linda Dunn, Jacqueline A. Upcroft, Yukiko Miyamoto, Lars Eckmann
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2011; 55(10): 4643. CrossRef
Evaluation of α-Tubulin as an Antigenic and Molecular Probe to Detect Giardia lamblia
Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyoung-Ju Song, Soon-Jung Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(3): 287. CrossRef
Detection and genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolates using intergenic spacer (IGS)-based PCR
Jong-Ho Lee, Jongweon Lee, Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong, Ui-Wook Hwang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(4): 343. CrossRef
Genotyping of Giardia lamblia Isolates from Humans in China and Korea Using Ribosomal DNA Sequences
T.-S. Yong, S.-J. Park, U.-W. Hwang, H.-W. Yang, K.-W. Lee, D.-Y. Min, H.-J. Rim, Y. Wang, F. Zheng
Journal of Parasitology.2000; 86(4): 887. CrossRef

8,140 View
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Original Article

Effects of in vitro culture methods on morphological development and infectivity of Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae: M. Khyrul Islam, Kiku Matsuda, Jin-Ho Kim, Byeong-Kirl Baek; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):13-19.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.13

Abstract
PDF

The effects of in vitro culture methods on morphological development and infectivity of Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae (L₃) to rats were investigated. A significantly higher body length was observed in L₃ from filter paper culture (597.3 ± 32.2 ?m) than those in fecal (509.9 ± 35.0 ?m) and nutrient broth culture (503.3 ± 31.0 ?m) (P<0.05). Larval infectivity was assessed by exposing rats to 1,000 L₃ from each culture and worms were recovered from the lungs and small intestines. Recovery rate of these worms did not show any significant difference. A significantly greater body length of adults was recorded in those corresponding to the L₃ harvested from filter paper (2,777.5 ± 204.4 ?m) and nutrient broth culture (2,732.5 ± 169.8 ?m) than those corresponding to the L₃ obtained from fecal culture (2,600.5 ± 172.4 ?m) (P<0.05). Although worm fecundity and EPG counts differed among culture methods but worm burdens and course of infection did not. These findings suggest that the methods of cultures have a significant effect on the morphological development of the larvae to the L₃ stage, but do not influence the infectivity to rats.

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Venestatin from parasitic helminths interferes with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated immune responses to promote larval migration
Daigo Tsubokawa, Taisei Kikuchi, Jae Man Lee, Takahiro Kusakabe, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Haruhiko Maruyama, James B. Lok
PLOS Pathogens.2021; 17(6): e1009649. CrossRef
Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis – rodent models of Strongyloides infection
MARK VINEY, TAISEI KIKUCHI
Parasitology.2017; 144(3): 285. CrossRef
Venestatin, a Ca ++ -binding protein from the parasitic nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis , is involved in the larval migration process
Daigo Tsubokawa, Takeshi Hatta, Taisei Kikuchi, Hiroki Maeda, Fusako Mikami, M. Abdul Alim, Haruhiko Maruyama, Naotoshi Tsuji
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(8): 501. CrossRef
Viability of Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vermiculite containing the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans
Laryssa Pinheiro Costa Silva, Carolina Magri Ferraz, Anderson Rocha Aguiar, Jackson Victor Araújo, Steveen Rios Ribeiro, Débora Goldner Rossi, Luanderson Queiroz Mendes, Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira, Narcisa Imaculada Brant Moreira, Fabio Ribeiro Braga
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(7): 2047. CrossRef
Development of free-living stages of Strongyloides ratti under different temperature conditions
Maki Sakamoto, Shoji Uga
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(12): 4009. CrossRef
Transcriptomic analysis of four developmental stages of Strongyloides venezuelensis
Eiji Nagayasu, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Takehiko Itoh, Ayako Yoshida, Gunimala Chakraborty, Tetsuya Hayashi, Haruhiko Maruyama
Parasitology International.2013; 62(1): 57. CrossRef
Characterization of the protective response against a homologous challenge infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in rats
B.K Baek, M.K Islam, B.S Kim, C.W Lim, J Hur, A.O Oluoch, C.H Kim, I Kakoma
Veterinary Parasitology.2003; 113(3-4): 217. CrossRef
Persistent infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Byeong-Kirl Baek, In-Soo Whang, M. Khyrul Islam, Byeong-Soo Kim, Ibulaimu Kakoma
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(4): 181. CrossRef
Partial cross-resistance between Strongyloides venezuelensis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats
Byeong-Kirl Baek, M. Khyrul Islam, Jin-Ho Kim, John-Wha Lee, Jin Hur
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(2): 101. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Prevalence and Comparison of Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Pregnant Women in Argentina: Perazzi, Beatriz E , Menghi, Claudia I , Coppolillo, Enrique F , Gatta, Claudia , Eliseth, Martha Cora , de Torres, Ramon A , Vay, Carlos A , Famiglietti, Angela M; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):61-65.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.61

Abstract
PDF

The
objective
s of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis was made by different microscopic examinations, and culture on liquid medium. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were assessed considering culture on liquid medium as the "gold standard". The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by culture on liquid medium was 4.0% (24/597). The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by direct wet smear, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue staining-fixing technique was 1.8%, 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the direct wet smear was 45.8%, that of the prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining was 58.3%, and that of the SAF/methylene blue method was 62.5%. Considering the 3 microscopic examinations altogether, the sensitivity rose to 66.7% and the specificity was 100% for all of them. This is the first time that the prevalence data of T. vaginalis by culture in pregnant women are published in Argentina. Due to the low sensitivity obtained by microscopy in asymptomatic pregnant women, the use of the liquid medium is recommended during pregnancy, in order to provide an early diagnosis and treatment.

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