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"dirofilariasis"

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"dirofilariasis"

Case Report

A Rare Human Case of Dirofilaria repens Infection in the Subcutaneous Posterior Thorax with Molecular Identification
Tran Anh Le, Thuat Thang Vi, Khac Luc Nguyen, Thanh Hoa Le
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):329-333.
Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.329
The emergence of dirofilarial infections in Asia including Vietnam is a clinically significant threat to the community. We here report a rare case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection on the posterior thoracic wall in a young woman presenting a painful, itchy, and palpable nodule. The adult worm was identified by mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear ITS-2 sequence determination. The diagnosis was additionally confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis commonly co-existing with D. repens. This is a rare case of subcutaneous human infection on the posterior thoracic region caused by D. repens.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Human dirofilariasis – A potentially significant nematode zoonosis in an era of climate change
    Stefan Momčilović, Andriana Jovanović, Robin B. Gasser
    Journal of Infection.2025; 90(4): 106460.     CrossRef
  • Two cases of ectopic dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in subconjunctival and subcutaneous tissues in dogs
    Yeong-Seok Goh, Hye-Min Kim, Badriah Alkathiri, Hong Suh Chang, Young Min Yoon, Seung-Hun Lee, Kyung-Mee Park
    Parasitology International.2023; 92: 102683.     CrossRef
  • Genetic and geographical delineation of zoonotic vector-borne helminths of canids
    Younes Laidoudi, Samia Bedjaoui, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Angela Fanelli, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Canine and feline vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern in Southeast Asia
    Viet-Linh Nguyen, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto
    Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2021; 1: 100001.     CrossRef
  • The Complexity of Zoonotic Filariasis Episystem and Its Consequences: A Multidisciplinary View
    Fernando Simón, Javier González-Miguel, Alicia Diosdado, Paula Josefina Gómez, Rodrigo Morchón, Vladimir Kartashev
    BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • Molecular characterization of human Dirofilaria isolates from Kerala
    Najuma Nazar, Bindu Lakshmanan, K.K. Jayavardhanan
    Indian Journal of Medical Research.2017; 146(4): 528.     CrossRef
  • The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Zoonotic Canine Filarial Parasites Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis Provide Evidence for Presence of Cryptic Species
    Esra Yilmaz, Moritz Fritzenwanker, Nikola Pantchev, Mathias Lendner, Sirichit Wongkamchai, Domenico Otranto, Inge Kroidl, Martin Dennebaum, Thanh Hoa Le, Tran Anh Le, Sabrina Ramünke, Roland Schaper, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Sven Poppert, Jürgen Kr
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2016; 10(10): e0005028.     CrossRef
  • Development and Application of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Approach for the Rapid Detection of Dirofilaria repens from Biological Samples
    Donato Antonio Raele, Nicola Pugliese, Domenico Galante, Laura Maria Latorre, Maria Assunta Cafiero, John Pius Dalton
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2016; 10(6): e0004789.     CrossRef
  • 10,441 View
  • 114 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Expression of Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) Gene of Dirofilaria immitis Guided by Transcriptomic Screening
Yan Fu, Jingchao Lan, Xuhang Wu, Deying Yang, Zhihe Zhang, Huaming Nie, Rong Hou, Runhui Zhang, Wanpeng Zheng, Yue Xie, Ning Yan, Zhi Yang, Chengdong Wang, Li Luo, Li Liu, Xiaobin Gu, Shuxian Wang, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):21-26.
Published online February 19, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.21

Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) infections affect domestic dogs, cats, and various wild mammals with increasing incidence in temperate and tropical areas. More sensitive antibody detection methodologies are required to diagnose asymptomatic dirofilariasis with low worm burdens. Applying current transcriptomic technologies would be useful to discover potential diagnostic markers for D. immitis infection. A filarial homologue of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was initially identified by screening the assembled transcriptome of D. immitis (DiTCTP). A BLAST analysis suggested that the DiTCTP gene shared the highest similarity with TCTP from Loa loa at protein level (97%). A histidine-tagged recombinant DiTCTP protein (rDiTCTP) of 40 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) showed immunoreactivity with serum from a dog experimentally infected with heartworms. Localization studies illustrated the ubiquitous presence of rDiTCTP protein in the lateral hypodermal chords, dorsal hypodermal chord, muscle, intestine, and uterus in female adult worms. Further studies on D. immitis-derived TCTP are warranted to assess whether this filarial protein could be used for a diagnostic purpose.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Molecular Discovery of Filarial Nematode DNA in an Endangered Wild Pinniped (Galapagos Sea Lion, Zalophus wollebaeki)
    Isabella G. Livingston, Taylor M. Gregory, Eleanor C. Hawkins, Ashley Cave, Andrea Loyola, Shelly L. Vaden, Diane Deresienski, Marjorie Riofrío‐Lazo, Gregory A. Lewbart, Diego Páez‐Rosas, Matthew Breen
    Ecology and Evolution.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of TaqMan Quantitative PCR Assays for Duplex Detection of Dirofilaria immitis COI and Dog GAPDH from Infected Dog Blood
    In Young Oh, Kyung Tae Kim, Sun-Yeong Gwon, Ho Joong Sung
    The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2019; 51(1): 64.     CrossRef
  • Brown Spider (Loxosceles) Venom Toxins as Potential Biotools for the Development of Novel Therapeutics
    Daniele Chaves-Moreira, Fernando Hitomi Matsubara, Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff, Elidiana De Bona, Vanessa Ribeiro Heidemann, Clara Guerra-Duarte, Luiza Helena Gremski, Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui, Andrea Senff-Ribeiro, Olga Meiri Chaim, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy A
    Toxins.2019; 11(6): 355.     CrossRef
  • Development of Real-time PCR Assays for Detection ofDirofilaria immitisfrom Infected Dog Blood
    In Young Oh, Kyung Tae Kim, Jin Hyun Jun, Jae-Ho Shin, Ho Joong Sung
    Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2016; 48(2): 88.     CrossRef
  • 9,399 View
  • 84 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Case Reports
A Case of Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis in a 48-Year-Old Korean Man
Hyo Jae Kang, Young Sik Park, Chang-Hoon Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Jae-Joon Yim, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Jong-Yil Chai, Jinwoo Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):569-572.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.569

Dirofilariasis is a rare disease in humans. We report here a case of a 48-year-old male who was diagnosed with pulmonary dirofilariasis in Korea. On chest radiographs, a coin lesion of 1 cm in diameter was shown. Although it looked like a benign inflammatory nodule, malignancy could not be excluded. So, the nodule was resected by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Pathologically, chronic granulomatous inflammation composed of coagulation necrosis with rim of fibrous tissues and granulations was seen. In the center of the necrotic nodules, a degenerating parasitic organism was found. The parasite had prominent internal cuticular ridges and thick cuticle, a well-developed muscle layer, an intestinal tube, and uterine tubules. The parasite was diagnosed as an immature female worm of Dirofilaria immitis. This is the second reported case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis: A Review for the Clinicians
    Biplab K Saha, Alyssa Bonnier, Woon Hean Chong, Hau Chieng, Adam Austin, Kurt Hu, Boris Shkolnik
    The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2022; 363(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • 62-year-old woman with PET-positive solitary pulmonary nodule
    Biplab Saha, Woon Hean Chong, Hau Chieng, Amit Chopra
    BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(6): e243695.     CrossRef
  • Man's best friend: How humans can develop Dirofilaria immitis infections
    Devin Malik, Akshay Amaraneni, Sukhpreet Singh, Richard Roach
    IDCases.2016; 4: 43.     CrossRef
  • A 72-Year-Old Woman With Previous Pulmonary Metastasis and New Peripheral Nodule
    Giovanni Maria Comacchio, Chiara Giraudo, Nazarena Nannini, Alessandro Rebusso, Roberta Polverosi, Federico Rea, Fiorella Calabrese
    Chest.2015; 148(2): e42.     CrossRef
  • Investigation of Dirofilaria immitis infection in stray dogs from public animal shelters in Seoul
    Neung-Hee Kim, Jeong-Yeon Kwak, Hye-Ra Kim, Hyeong-Suk Park, Doo-Hwan Kim, Ju-Hyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Veterinary Service.2014; 37(3): 197.     CrossRef
  • Orbital Dirofilariasis
    Se Hyun Choi, Namju Kim, Jin Ho Paik, Jaeeun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
    Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.2014; 28(6): 495.     CrossRef
  • 9,875 View
  • 91 Download
  • Crossref
Orbital Dirofilariasis in Iran: A Case Report
Sepideh Tavakolizadeh, Iraj Mobedi
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):397-399.
Published online December 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.397

Dirofilariasis is a common parasitic disease in both domestic and wild animals around the world, with canines as the principal reservoir host and mosquitoes as the vector. Human ophthalmic dirofilariasis is an uncommon condition, but there have been reports from many parts of the world, including Africa, Australia, the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Ophthalmic involvement with Dirofilaria may present itself as periorbital, subconjunctival, orbital, or intraocular infections. In this report, we present a case of orbital dirofilariasis with lateral rectus muscle involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first orbital dirofilariasis case reported in Iran. Although debulking of the tumor usually leads to resolution, our patient showed an episode of recurrence after biopsy. Complete recovery was achieved after a spontaneous discharge, without the need for systemic medication.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Human dirofilariasis – A potentially significant nematode zoonosis in an era of climate change
    Stefan Momčilović, Andriana Jovanović, Robin B. Gasser
    Journal of Infection.2025; 90(4): 106460.     CrossRef
  • Periorbital dirofilariasis: clinical profile and role of ultrasonography in its diagnosis
    Aparna K S, Abraham Kurian, Anju Suresh
    Orbit.2025; 44(6): 723.     CrossRef
  • Subconjunctival dirofilariasis in a healthy subject: a case report
    Amirhossein Aghajani, Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Seyed Mohsen Rafizadeh, Elham Rahmanikhah, Reza Samiee, Mohammad Reza Abdol Homayuni, Amin Zand
    Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dirofilariasis Presenting as Orbital Abscess Complicating Ethmoid Sinusitis
    Vinod Felix, Lakshmi Anilkumar, Muhammed Niyas, Asgar Abbas, Kalpana Elizabeth John, Shalini R. Varma, Jyothi Chakkikavil
    Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2023; 75(4): 3636.     CrossRef
  • Human Dirofilariasis Caused by Dirofilaria repens in Sri Lanka from 1962 to 2020
    Thivya Balendran, Lalani Yatawara, Susiji Wickramasinghe
    Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(2): 628.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria immitis in road killed canids of northern Iran
    Meysam Sharifdini, Mahan Karimi, Keyhan Ashrafi, Mostafa Soleimani, Hamed Mirjalali
    BMC Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Orbital Dirofilariasis Masquerading As Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma
    Farzad Pakdel, Hadi Ghadimi, Zohreh Nozarian, Fahimeh Asadi Amoli, Niloofar Pirmarzdashti, Morteza Karimi, Mohamad Mehrpour
    Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research.2022; 17(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Negar Bizhani, Saeideh Hashemi Hafshejani, Neda Mohammadi, Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Bagher Rokni
    Parasitology Research.2021; 120(2): 411.     CrossRef
  • Review ofDirofilariaspp. infection in humans and animals in Iran
    Faham Khamesipour, Saeed Nezaratizade, Bahareh Basirpour, Bahareh Chelgerdi Dehkordi, Sana Sadat Afzal, Parya Kheyri, Shadan Shojaat, Sakineh Akbari, Seyed Hossein Hejazi
    Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine.2021; 1: 5.     CrossRef
  • Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases
    Ezatollah Ghasemi, Sadegh Shamsinia, Ali Taghipour, Davood Anvari, Saeed Bahadory, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Bahareh Kordi, Hamidreza Majidiani, Hassan Borji, MohammadReza Chaechi Nosrati, Ali Yousefi, Morteza Shams
    Parasitology.2020; 147(9): 909.     CrossRef
  • Molecular characterization of ocular dirofilariasis: a case report of Dirofilaria immitis in south-eastern Iran
    Razieh Parsa, Ali Sedighi, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Bamorovat, Saeid Nasibi
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application of Dirofilaria immitis immunoreactive proteins in serodiagnosis
    Majid Khanmohammadi, Reza Falak, Ahmad Reza Meamar, Elham Razmjou, Kobra Mokhtarian, Mehdi Arshadi, Nasrin Shayanfar, Lame Akhlaghi
    Parasite Immunology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance
    Shahyad Azari-Hamidian, Behzad Norouzi, Ralph E. Harbach
    Acta Tropica.2019; 194: 106.     CrossRef
  • Ocular parasitoses: A comprehensive review
    Tapas Ranjan Padhi, Sujata Das, Savitri Sharma, Soveeta Rath, Suryasnata Rath, Devjyoti Tripathy, Krushna Gopal Panda, Soumyava Basu, Cagri G. Besirli
    Survey of Ophthalmology.2017; 62(2): 161.     CrossRef
  • Ocular dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in a child in Iran: A case report and review of the literature
    Hadi Mirahmadi, Alireza Maleki, Raheleh Hasanzadeh, Mohammad Bagher Ahoo, Iraj Mobedi, Ali Rostami
    Parasitology International.2017; 66(1): 978.     CrossRef
  • The Complexity of Zoonotic Filariasis Episystem and Its Consequences: A Multidisciplinary View
    Fernando Simón, Javier González-Miguel, Alicia Diosdado, Paula Josefina Gómez, Rodrigo Morchón, Vladimir Kartashev
    BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • An unusual presentation of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis
    Amit Sethi, Vani Puri, Natasha Dogra
    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2017; 65(7): 615.     CrossRef
  • Periocular dirofilariasis: A case series
    Sunayana Bhat, May Saldanha, Norman Mendonca
    Orbit.2016; 35(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • A rapidly emerging ocular zoonosis; Dirofilaria repens
    I Kutlutürk, G Z S Tamer, L Karabaş, A N Erbesler, S Yazar
    Eye.2016; 30(4): 639.     CrossRef
  • Parasitic Infections of the External Eye
    Shivani Pahuja, Charuta Puranik, Bechir Jelliti, Moncef Khairallah, Virender S. Sangwan
    Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2013; 21(4): 292.     CrossRef
  • Ocular Parasitoses and Their Immunology
    Suggerappa Laxmanappa Hoti, Veena Tandon
    Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2011; 19(6): 385.     CrossRef
  • 9,659 View
  • 101 Download
  • Crossref
Periocular Dirofilariasis in a Young Woman: A Case Report
Amir Jamshidi, Mahin Jamshidi, Iraj Mobedi, Mandana Khosroara
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):265-267.
Published online December 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.265

A case of periocular dirofilariasis has been diagnosed in Iran. A 27-yr old female referred with a history of edema and redness in the left eye since 2 wk ago. On slit lamp examination, a moving thread-like worm was seen in the subconjunctival area. Two days later, a 126 mm long, live filaria worm was extracted from the lower lid subcutaneous tissue. The worm was diagnosed as, likelihood, Dirofilaria immitis on microscopic examinations. The present case suggests that D. immitis can cause periocular infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Prevalence and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria immitis in road killed canids of northern Iran
    Meysam Sharifdini, Mahan Karimi, Keyhan Ashrafi, Mostafa Soleimani, Hamed Mirjalali
    BMC Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Polymerase chain reaction: A novel way to detect ocular dirofilariasis
    Arkaprava Pradhan, Muthusamy Raman, Jyotirmay Biswas
    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2022; 70(7): 2620.     CrossRef
  • Orbital Dirofilariasis Masquerading As Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma
    Farzad Pakdel, Hadi Ghadimi, Zohreh Nozarian, Fahimeh Asadi Amoli, Niloofar Pirmarzdashti, Morteza Karimi, Mohamad Mehrpour
    Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research.2022; 17(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Negar Bizhani, Saeideh Hashemi Hafshejani, Neda Mohammadi, Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Bagher Rokni
    Parasitology Research.2021; 120(2): 411.     CrossRef
  • Review ofDirofilariaspp. infection in humans and animals in Iran
    Faham Khamesipour, Saeed Nezaratizade, Bahareh Basirpour, Bahareh Chelgerdi Dehkordi, Sana Sadat Afzal, Parya Kheyri, Shadan Shojaat, Sakineh Akbari, Seyed Hossein Hejazi
    Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine.2021; 1: 5.     CrossRef
  • Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases
    Ezatollah Ghasemi, Sadegh Shamsinia, Ali Taghipour, Davood Anvari, Saeed Bahadory, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Bahareh Kordi, Hamidreza Majidiani, Hassan Borji, MohammadReza Chaechi Nosrati, Ali Yousefi, Morteza Shams
    Parasitology.2020; 147(9): 909.     CrossRef
  • Molecular characterization of ocular dirofilariasis: a case report of Dirofilaria immitis in south-eastern Iran
    Razieh Parsa, Ali Sedighi, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Bamorovat, Saeid Nasibi
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application of Dirofilaria immitis immunoreactive proteins in serodiagnosis
    Majid Khanmohammadi, Reza Falak, Ahmad Reza Meamar, Elham Razmjou, Kobra Mokhtarian, Mehdi Arshadi, Nasrin Shayanfar, Lame Akhlaghi
    Parasite Immunology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance
    Shahyad Azari-Hamidian, Behzad Norouzi, Ralph E. Harbach
    Acta Tropica.2019; 194: 106.     CrossRef
  • Ocular dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in a child in Iran: A case report and review of the literature
    Hadi Mirahmadi, Alireza Maleki, Raheleh Hasanzadeh, Mohammad Bagher Ahoo, Iraj Mobedi, Ali Rostami
    Parasitology International.2017; 66(1): 978.     CrossRef
  • Human ocular onchocerciasis caused byOnchocerca lupi(Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in Iran
    G. Mowlavi, F. Farzbod, A. Kheirkhah, I. Mobedi, D.D. Bowman, S.R. Naddaf
    Journal of Helminthology.2014; 88(2): 250.     CrossRef
  • Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye
    Domenico Otranto, Mark L Eberhard
    Parasites & Vectors.2011;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence of canine heartworm disease in Kerman, southeastern Iran
    Baharak Akhtardanesh, Mohammad Hossein Radfar, Darioush Voosough, Nasim Darijani
    Comparative Clinical Pathology.2011; 20(6): 573.     CrossRef
  • A case of Dirofilaria immitis presenting as an intramuscular soft tissue mass
    S. Teerthanath, S. Hariprasad
    Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2011; 54(2): 428.     CrossRef
  • Orbital Dirofilariasis in Iran: A Case Report
    Sepideh Tavakolizadeh, Iraj Mobedi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 397.     CrossRef
  • 10,920 View
  • 113 Download
  • Crossref