Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"growth"

Original Articles

Suppressors for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 (HER2/4): A New Family of Anti-Toxoplasmic Agents in ARPE-19 Cells: Yeong Hoon Kim, Lokraj Bhatt, Hye-Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):491-503.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.491

Abstract
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The effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were evaluated on growth inhibition of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in host ARPE-19 cells. The number of tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) was counted after treatment with TKIs. T. gondii protein expression was assessed by western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was performed using Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) and T. gondii GRA3 antibodies. The TKIs were divided into 3 groups; non-epidermal growth factor receptor (non-EGFR), anti-human EGFR 2 (anti-HER2), and anti-HER2/4 TKIs, respectively. Group I TKIs (nintedanib, AZD9291, and sunitinib) were unable to inhibit proliferation without destroying host cells. Group II TKIs (lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, and AG1478) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to control pyrimethamine (5 ?M) at 20 μM and higher, without affecting host cells. Group III TKIs (neratinib, dacomitinib, afatinib, and pelitinib) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to pyrimethamine at 1-5 μM, but host cells were destroyed at 10-20 ?M. In Group I, TgHSP90 and SAG1 inhibitions were weak, and GRA3 expression was moderately inhibited. In Group II, TgHSP90 and SAG1 expressions seemed to be slightly enhanced, while GRA3 showed none to mild inhibition; however, AG1478 inhibited all proteins moderately. Protein expression was blocked in Group III, comparable to pyrimethamine. PDCD4 and GRA3 were well localized inside the nuclei in Group I, mildly disrupted in Group II, and were completely disrupted in Group III. This study suggests the possibility of a vital T. gondii TK having potential HER2/4 properties, thus anti-HER2/4 TKIs may inhibit intracellular parasite proliferation with minimal adverse effects on host cells.

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Small molecule kinase inhibitor altiratinib inhibits brain cyst forming bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hwa Sun Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(2): e2409001. CrossRef
The antimicrobial activity of innate host-directed therapies: A systematic review
Tirosh Shapira, Matthew Christofferson, Yossef Av-Gay
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.2024; 63(5): 107138. CrossRef
Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia intestinalis infections
Francesca Arrighi, Arianna Granese, Paola Chimenti, Paolo Guglielmi
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents.2023; 33(3): 211. CrossRef
Latent Toxoplasmosis among Breast Cancer Patients in Jahrom, South of Iran
Marzeieh Haghbin, Salar Maani, Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh, Ahmadreza Bazmjoo, Heshmatollah Shakeri, Ali Taghipour, Shahab Falahi, Azra Kenarkoohi, Milad Badri, Amir Abdoli, Mubashir Javed Mintoo
International Journal of Breast Cancer.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Discovery of N-(3-bromo-1H-indol-5-yl)-quinazolin-4-amine as an effective molecular skeleton to develop reversible/irreversible pan-HER inhibitors
Qidong Tang, Ting Peng, Jie Hu, Tao Zhang, Pengqin Chen, Daoxing Chen, Yunjie Wang, Lingfeng Chen, Linjiang Tong, Yi Chen, Hua Xie, Guang Liang
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2022; 233: 114249. CrossRef
Secretome Analysis of Host Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii after Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 Inhibitors
Hye-Jung Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hyeweon Kang, Jaehui Park, Seul gi Oh, Saehae Choi, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 249. CrossRef

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Afatinib Reduces STAT6 Signaling of Host ARPE-19 Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Zhaoshou Yang, Hye-Jin Ahn, Young-Hoon Park, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):31-38.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.31

Abstract
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Specific gene expressions of host cells by spontaneous STAT6 phosphorylation are major strategy for the survival of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii against parasiticidal events through STAT1 phosphorylation by infection provoked IFN-γ. We determined the effects of small molecules of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the growth of T. gondii and on the relationship with STAT1 and STAT6 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. We counted the number of T. gondii RH tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) after treatment with TKIs at 12-hr intervals for 72 hr. The change of STAT6 phosphorylation was assessed via western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Among the tested TKIs, Afatinib (pan ErbB/EGFR inhibitor, 5 ?M) inhibited 98.0% of the growth of T. gondii, which was comparable to pyrimethamine (5 ?M) at 96.9% and followed by Erlotinib (ErbB1/EGFR inhibitor, 20 ?M) at 33.8% and Sunitinib (PDGFR or c-Kit inhibitor, 10 ?M) at 21.3%. In the early stage of the infection (2, 4, and 8 hr after T. gondii challenge), Afatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 in western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Both JAK1 and JAK3, the upper hierarchical kinases of cytokine signaling, were strongly phosphorylated at 2 hr and then disappeared entirely after 4 hr. Some TKIs, especially the EGFR inhibitors, might play an important role in the inhibition of intracellular replication of T. gondii through the inhibition of the direct phosphorylation of STAT6 by T. gondii.

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Small molecule kinase inhibitor altiratinib inhibits brain cyst forming bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hwa Sun Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(2): e2409001. CrossRef
iTRAQ-Based Phosphoproteomic Analysis Exposes Molecular Changes in the Small Intestinal Epithelia of Cats after Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Bintao Zhai, Yu-Meng Meng, Shi-Chen Xie, Jun-Jie Peng, Yang Liu, Yanhua Qiu, Lu Wang, Jiyu Zhang, Jun-Jun He
Animals.2023; 13(22): 3537. CrossRef
Secretome Analysis of Host Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii after Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 Inhibitors
Hye-Jung Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hyeweon Kang, Jaehui Park, Seul gi Oh, Saehae Choi, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 249. CrossRef
A Human Proteome Array Approach to Identifying Key Host Proteins Targeted by Toxoplasma Kinase ROP18
Zhaoshou Yang, Yongheng Hou, Taofang Hao, Hee-Sool Rho, Jun Wan, Yizhao Luan, Xin Gao, Jianping Yao, Aihua Pan, Zhi Xie, Jiang Qian, Wanqin Liao, Heng Zhu, Xingwang Zhou
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2017; 16(3): 469. CrossRef
Adverse Event Profile of Pyrimethamine-Based Therapy in Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review
Ruben R. Ben-Harari, Elizabeth Goodwin, Julio Casoy
Drugs in R&D.2017; 17(4): 523. CrossRef
Suppressors for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 (HER2/4): A New Family of Anti-Toxoplasmic Agents in ARPE-19 Cells
Yeong Hoon Kim, Lokraj Bhatt, Hye-Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 491. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis: Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):479-484.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.479

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Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. In this study, we examined superoxide anion (O₂^.-) production by neutrophils activated by T. vaginalis. Human neutrophils produced superoxide anions when stimulated with either a lysate of T. vaginalis, its membrane component (MC), or excretory-secretory product (ESP). To assess the role of trichomonad protease in production of superoxide anions by neutrophils, T. vaginalis lysate, ESP, and MC were each pretreated with a protease inhibitor cocktail before incubation with neutrophils. Superoxide anion production was significantly decreased by this treatment. Trichomonad growth was inhibited by preincubation with supernatants of neutrophils incubated for 3 hr with T. vaginalis lysate. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production by neutrophils was stimulated by live trichomonads. These results indicate that the production of superoxide anions and MPO by neutrophils stimulated with T. vaginalis may be a part of defense mechanisms of neutrophils in trichomoniasis.

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IDO1 promotes Echinococcus multilocularis infection by regulating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps
Haining Zhang, Ru Meng, Fan Zhang, Ao Chen, Hongrun Ge, Wangkai Chen, Zhi Li, Yong Fu
Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(5): 1355. CrossRef
Immunological Activities of Crude Polysaccharides Extracts ofClimacodon pulcherrimus(Phanerochaetaceae) in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Rat Macrophages and Neutrophils' Responses
Tume Christopher, Oumar Mahamat, Miyanui N. Chungong, C. Atemenkeh Ngwa, P. Maishu Samka
Journal of Medicinal Food.2021; 24(2): 180. CrossRef
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme as a new immunologic target for the new SARS‐CoV‐2
Shahin Hallaj, Anahita Ghorbani, Seyed Ali Mousavi‐Aghdas, Mohammad Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari, Andrey Sevbitov, Vida Hashemi, Tooba Hallaj, Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
Immunology & Cell Biology.2021; 99(2): 192. CrossRef
The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
César Díaz-Godínez, Julio C. Carrero
Bioscience Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis
Yi-Ting Xie, Jiang-Mei Gao, Ya-Ping Wu, Petrus Tang, Geoff Hide, De-Hua Lai, Zhao-Rong Lun
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Adenosine reduces reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 production by Trichomonas vaginalis-stimulated neutrophils
Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Camila Braz Menezes, Gustavo Krumel Goelzer, Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto, Solange Cristina Garcia, Tiana Tasca
Purinergic Signalling.2017; 13(4): 569. CrossRef

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Depressed Neuronal Growth Associated Protein (GAP)-43 Expression in the Small Intestines of Mice Experimentally Infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense: Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Eun-Young Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jung-Ho Moon, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):89-93.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.89

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Neodiplostomum seoulense (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) is an intestinal trematode that can cause severe mucosal pathology in the small intestines of mice and even mortality of the infected mice within 28 days after infection. We observed neuronal growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression in the myenteric plexus of the small intestinal wall of N. seoulense-infected mice until day 35 post-infection (PI). BALB/c mice were infected with 200 or 500 N. seoulense metacercariae isolated from naturally infected snakes and were killed every 7 days for immunohistochemical demonstration of GAP-43 in the small intestines. N. seoulense-infected mice showed remarkable dilatation of intestinal loops compared with control mice through days 7-28 PI. Conversely, GAP-43 expression in the mucosal myenteric plexus was markedly (P<0.05) reduced in the small intestines of N. seoulense-infected mice during days 7-28 PI and was slightly normalized at day 35 PI. From this study, it is evident that neuronal damage occurs in the intestinal mucosa of N. seoulense-infected mice. However, the correlation between intestinal pathology, including the loop dilatation, and depressed GAP-43 expression remains to be elucidated.

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Enhanced serotonin signaling increases intestinal neuroplasticity
Chasen J. Greig, Neeru Gandotra, John J. Tackett, Michaela C. Bamdad, Robert A. Cowles
Journal of Surgical Research.2016; 206(1): 151. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Transcriptional Activity of Plasmodium Subtilisin-like Protease 2 (Pf-Sub2) 5'Untranslated Regions and Its Interaction with Hepatocyte Growth Factor: Shunyao Liao, Yunqiang Liu, Suk-Yul Jung, Pyo Yun Cho, Bing Zheng, Hyun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):291-295.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.291

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The onset, severity, and ultimate outcome of malaria infection are influenced by parasite-expressed virulence factors and individual host responses to these determinants. In both humans and mice, liver injury is involved after parasite entry, which persists until the erythrocyte stage after infection with the fatal strain Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has strong anti-apoptotic effects in various kinds of cells, and also has diverse metabolic functions. In this work, Pf-subtilisin-like protease 2 (Pf-Sub2) 5'untranslated region (UTR) was analyzed and its transcriptional activity was estimated by luciferase expression. Fourteen TATA boxes were observed but only one Oct-1 and c-Myb were done. In addition, host HGF interaction with Pf-Sub2 was evaluated by co-transfection of HGF- and Pf-Sub2-cloned vector. Interestingly, -1,422/+12 UTR exhibited the strongest luciferase activity but -329 to +12 UTR did not exhibit luciferase activity. Moreover, as compared with the control of unexpressed HGF, the HGF protein suppressed luciferase expression driven by the 5'untranslated region of the Pf-Sub2 promoter. Taken together, it is suggested that HGF controls and interacts with the promoter region of the Pf-Sub2 gene.

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Characterization of the transcriptome and temperature-induced differential gene expression in QPX, the thraustochytrid parasite of hard clams
Ewelina Rubin, Arnaud Tanguy, Mickael Perrigault, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Bassem Allam
BMC Genomics.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus in albino rats: Sung-Jong Hong, Ho-Chun Woo, Oh Sil Kwon; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):151-157.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.151

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Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.

Citations

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Evaluation of the effect of larval metamorphosis of some digenetic parasites within the digestive gland tissues of the freshwater ampullariid snails, Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804)
Mohammed E. El-Zeiny, Ola A. Abu Samak, Shereen A. Fahmy, Abdel Aziz A. Khidr
Parasitology International.2025; 108: 103078. CrossRef
Lethal effects of praziquantel and albendazole, on the cercariae of Echinochasmus sp. (Dietz, 1909) in-vitro
Mohammed E. El-Zeiny, Ola A. Abu Samak, Shereen A. Fahmy, Abdel Aziz A. Khidr
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2024; 48(2): 320. CrossRef
Molecular Description of Macroorchis spinulosus (Digenea: Nanophyetidae) Based on ITS1 Sequences
Eun Jeong Won, Deok-Gyu Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Yong Woon Yun, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Wook Ryang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(1): 109. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of Plagiorchis muris growth and developmental stages in rats, the final host
Sung-Jong Hong
Parasitology Research.2009; 105(4): 1077. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt
Mohammed Hasan Ibraheem
Acta Zoologica.2007; 88(2): 173. CrossRef
MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF ECHINOCHASMUS JAPONICUS CERCARIAE AND THE IN VITRO MAINTENANCE OF ITS LIFE CYCLE FROM CERCARIAE TO ADULTS
Min-Ho Choi, Sae Hoon Kim, Jong-Hoon Chung, Hye-Jin Jang, Joon-Ho Eom, Byung-Suk Chung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Parasitology.2006; 92(2): 236. CrossRef

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Recovery, growth and development of Macroorchis spinulosus in albino rats: Ho-Chun Woo, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Jong Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(1):27-33.
Published online March 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.27

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The developmental features, growth and organogenesis of Macroorchis spinulosus were observed in albino rats. Globular and thick walled metacercariae, possessed a stylet, Y-shaped excretory bladder and extracecal testes. In albino rats, M. spinulosus showed habitat shifting. The majority of M. spinulosus reside in the jejunum for the first four days post infection (p.i.) and migrate to the duodenum at the later stage of infection. M. spinulosus grew rapidly during the first four days and reached full maturity at 14 days p.i. and later reduced in size. The ovary was separated from the genital primodium at one day p.i. The seminal vesicle appeared on the third day and divided into two sacs on the fourth day p.i. and intrauterine eggs and sperm mass were produced on the fourth day. Organogenesis and enlargement of reproductive organs governed the growth of M. spinulosus. The similarity of related species of the genus Macroorchis to M. spinulosus was discussed in consideration to developmental features.

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Molecular Description of Macroorchis spinulosus (Digenea: Nanophyetidae) Based on ITS1 Sequences
Eun Jeong Won, Deok-Gyu Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Yong Woon Yun, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Wook Ryang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(1): 109. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt
Mohammed Hasan Ibraheem
Acta Zoologica.2007; 88(2): 173. CrossRef
Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus in albino rats
Sung-Jong Hong, Ho-Chun Woo, Oh Sil Kwon
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2004; 42(4): 151. CrossRef

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92 Download
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Brief Communications

Postmetacercarial changes in Echinostoma caproni maintained in a defined medium plus calf serum: Bernard Fried, Aditya Reddy; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(3):173-175.
Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.173

Abstract
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The present study examined postmetacercarial changes in the excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni maintained in the defined medium Mixture 199 plus 20% calf serum for 7 days at 41℃. The gas phase was atmospheric air. Each culture was inoculated with 25 excysted metacerariae. Cultures were maintained upright in closed 15 ml plastic centrifuge tubes each containing 10 ml of medium plus 200 units of penicillin/ml and 200 ?g of streptomycin/ml. By 4 days in culture, most metacercariae had voided their excretory concretions. Organisms were clumped or solitary at the bottom of the cultures. Many organisms showed flaring of the oral collar and extension of both the collar and tegumentary spines. By 4 days in culture, posterior protuberances or bumps were noted on many of the organisms and some organisms showed abnormal vesicular growths or blebs at their posterior ends. Some mortality was noted in culture by day 5, but most organisms were still alive when the cultures were terminated on day 7.

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In vitro excystation of Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) metacercariae assessed by light microscopy, morphometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Joyce Souza, Juberlan Garcia, Renata H. Neves, José Roberto Machado-Silva, Arnaldo Maldonado
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 135(4): 701. CrossRef

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Axenic cultivation and characterization of Giardia lamblia isolated from humans in Korea: Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong, Hye-Won Yang, Du-Ho Lee, Kyungwon Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):121-125.
Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.121

Abstract
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Inoculating of human fecal cysts to suckling Mongolian gerbils, two Giardia lamblia isolates, K1 and K2, were established as axenic cultures. Using this in vitro culture, both isolates were characterized as a "medium-rate grower" upon its growth pattern. These two Giardia isolates were grouped by using two genetic analysis. With genetic analysis of SSU-rDNA sequences, both K1 and K2 were found as members of Hopkins' group 1, despite some nucleotide differences noticed in K1 (5 differences/292 bases). The other genetic study used PCR-RFLP of the tim (triose phosphate isomerase) gene. Both of K1 and K2 were found to belong to Nash's group 2. Our results suggest that Nash's group 2 can not be a separate group, but a part of Hopkins' group 1.

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Host specificity in the Giardia duodenalis species complex
Simone M. Cacciò, Marco Lalle, Staffan G. Svärd
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2018; 66: 335. CrossRef
Impaired Parasite Attachment as Fitness Cost of Metronidazole Resistance in Giardia lamblia
Noa Tejman-Yarden, Maya Millman, Tineke Lauwaet, Barbara J. Davids, Frances D. Gillin, Linda Dunn, Jacqueline A. Upcroft, Yukiko Miyamoto, Lars Eckmann
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2011; 55(10): 4643. CrossRef
Evaluation of α-Tubulin as an Antigenic and Molecular Probe to Detect Giardia lamblia
Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyoung-Ju Song, Soon-Jung Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(3): 287. CrossRef
Detection and genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolates using intergenic spacer (IGS)-based PCR
Jong-Ho Lee, Jongweon Lee, Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong, Ui-Wook Hwang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(4): 343. CrossRef
Genotyping of Giardia lamblia Isolates from Humans in China and Korea Using Ribosomal DNA Sequences
T.-S. Yong, S.-J. Park, U.-W. Hwang, H.-W. Yang, K.-W. Lee, D.-Y. Min, H.-J. Rim, Y. Wang, F. Zheng
Journal of Parasitology.2000; 86(4): 887. CrossRef

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Original Article

Growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed C3H/HeN mice: Jong-Yil Chai, Won-Jae Chung, Jina Kook, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):21-26.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.21

Abstract
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The growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi were studied in C3H/HeN mice and effects of immunosuppression of the host on the worm development were observed. Two hundred metacercariae of G. seoi were orally administered to each mouse, and worms were recovered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (PI). The worm recovery rate was significantly higher in immunosuppressed (ImSP) mice than in immunocompetent (ImCT) mice except on days 1 and 3 PI. The worms attained sexual maturity by day 3 PI with eggs in the uterus, and worm dimensions and the number of uterine eggs continuously increased until day 14 PI in ImSP mice. Worms recovered from ImSP mice were significantly larger in size than those from ImCT mice on days 1 and 3 PI, and the number of uterine eggs was significantly larger in ImSP mice on days 5 and 7 PI. Genital organs such as the ovary, testes, and vitellaria, that were already developed in the metacercarial stage, grew a little in size until day 14 PI. The results show that the C3H/HeN mouse is, though not excellent, a suitable laboratory host for G. seoi.

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Increased Intestinal Epithelial Cell Turnover and Intestinal Motility in Gymnophalloides seoi-Infected C57BL/6 Mice
Sang Hyub Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(3): 273. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef
Intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi in experimentally infected mice
Jong-Yil Chai, Hong-Soon Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Jae Hyung Yoo, Sang-Mee Guk, Min Seo, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(1): 31. CrossRef