Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"human infection"

Mini Review

An Overview of Fish-borne Nematodiases among Returned Travelers for Recent 25 Years? Unexpected Diseases Sometimes Far Away from the Origin: Jorge Costa Eiras, Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli, Ricardo Massato Takemoto, Yukifumi Nawa; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):215-227.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.215

Abstract
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Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or mini-reviews of particular diseases in particular countries, an overview of fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers have never been performed. In this review, we gathered fishborne nematodiasis among travelers for recent 25 years by an extensive global literature survey using appropriate keywords, e.g. travelers diseases, human infection, anisakiasis, gnathostomiasis, capillariasis, sushi, sashimi, ceviche, Gnathostoma, Pseudoterranova, Anisakis, Capillaria, etc., as well as various combinations of these key words. The Internet search engines PubMed, Medline, Google and Googler Scholar were used as much as possible, and the references of every paper were checked in order to identify useful and reliable publications. The results showed unexpectedly high incidence of gnathostomiasis and low incidence of anisakidosis. The different incidence values of the infection with several fish-borne zoonotic nematode species are discussed, as well as some epidemiological aspects of the infections. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in non-endemic countries are emphasized. It is concluded that travelers must avoid risky behaviors which can lead to infection and that physicians and health authorities must advice travelers on the risks of eating behaviors during travel.

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Maria Clara Santana Ramos, Amanda de Oliveira Prates, Thiago Nascimento da Silva, Rafael Braga do Amaral, Gabriela Lidiane Dias Carvalho, Emely Ribeiro Votri de Godoy, Guilherme Augustus de Araújo, Luciana Damacena-Silva
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Shokoofeh Shamsi, Nidhish Francis, Juliet Masiga, Diane P. Barton, Xiaocheng Zhu, Luke Pearce, Matthew McLellan
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The risk-based control of the safety and quality of freshwater fish for sale in the agri-food market
Vasyl Liasota, Nataliia Bukalova, Nadiia Bohatko, Nataliia Grynevych, Alla Sliusarenko, Serhii Sliusarenko, Tetiana Prylipko, Volodymyr Dzhmil
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Vasco Menconi, Elena Lazzaro, Michela Bertola, Lisa Guardone, Matteo Mazzucato, Marino Prearo, Ewa Bilska-Zajac, Luana Cortinovis, Amedeo Manfrin, Giuseppe Arcangeli, Giorgia Angeloni
Animals.2023; 13(24): 3793. CrossRef
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Zinabu Tesfaye, Adem Hiko, Dinaol Belina, Merga Firdisa, Janice Ragaza
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DNA Sequence Based Molecular Identification of Eustrongylides excisus Larvas (Nematoda) in Sander Lucioperca from Lake Eğirdir
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Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi.2023; 14(2): 346. CrossRef
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Mina Ziarati, Mohammad Jalil Zorriehzahra, Fatemeh Hassantabar, Zibandeh Mehrabi, Manish Dhawan, Khan Sharun, Talha Bin Emran, Kuldeep Dhama, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Shokoofeh Shamsi
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Helena C. Turck, Mark T. Fox, Robert H. Cowie
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L. Guardone, E. Ricci, F. Susini, E. Polsinelli, G. Guglielmone, A. Armani
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Claudia I. Menghi, Claudia L. Gatta, Liliana E. Arias, Gabriela Santoni, Federico Nicola, Jorgelina Smayevsky, Maria F. Degese, Silvio J. Krivokapich
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Original Article

An Improved PCR-RFLP Assay for Detection and Genotyping of Asymptomatic Giardia lamblia Infection in a Resource-Poor Setting: Yoursry Hawash, M. M. Ghonaim, S. S. Al-Shehri; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):1-8.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.1

Abstract
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Laboratory workers, in resource-poor countries, still consider PCR detection of Giardia lamblia more costly and more time-consuming than the classical parasitological techniques. Based on 2 published primers, an in-house one-round touchdown PCR-RFLP assay was developed. The assay was validated with an internal amplification control included in reactions. Performance of the assay was assessed with DNA samples of various purities, 91 control fecal samples with various parasite load, and 472 samples of unknown results. Two cysts per reaction were enough for PCR detection by the assay with exhibited specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) of 100% and 93%, respectively. Taking a published small subunit rRNA reference PCR test results (6%; 29/472) as a nominated gold standard, G. lamblia was identified in 5.9% (28/472), 5.2%, (25/472), and 3.6% (17/472) by PCR assay, RIDA^® Quick Giardia antigen detection test (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), and iodine-stained smear microscopy, respectively. The percent agreements (kappa values) of 99.7% (0.745), 98.9% (0.900), and 97.7% (0.981) were exhibited between the assay results and that of the reference PCR, immunoassay, and microscopy, respectively. Restriction digestion of the 28 Giardia-positive samples revealed genotype A pattern in 12 and genotype B profile in 16 samples. The PCR assay with the described format and exhibited performance has a great potential to be adopted in basic clinical laboratories as a detection tool for G. lamblia especially in asymptomatic infections. This potential is increased more in particular situations where identification of the parasite genotype represents a major requirement as in epidemiological studies and infection outbreaks.

Citations

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A rapid economical multiplex PCR-RFLP method for molecular detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis clinical isolates
Ajanta Ghosal, Sanjib K. Sardar, Tapas Haldar, Akash Prasad, Koushik Das, Seiki Kobayashi, Yumiko Saito-Nakano, Shanta Dutta, Tomoyoshi Nozaki, Sandipan Ganguly
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2024; 110(4): 116548. CrossRef
Comparison of ELISA, nested PCR and sequencing and a novel qPCR for detection of Giardia isolates from Jordan
Nawal Hijjawi, Rongchang Yang, Ma'mon Hatmal, Yasmeen Yassin, Taghrid Mharib, Rami Mukbel, Sameer Alhaj Mahmoud, Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat, Una Ryan
Experimental Parasitology.2018; 185: 23. CrossRef
Methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia: From microscopy to nucleic acid based tools in clinical and environmental regimes
Folasade Esther Adeyemo, Gulshan Singh, Poovendhree Reddy, Thor Axel Stenström
Acta Tropica.2018; 184: 15. CrossRef
High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay
Yousry A. Hawash, Khadiga A. Ismail, Mazen Almehmadi
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 513. CrossRef

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Case Report

Four Human Cases of Acanthotrema felis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Infection in Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):291-294.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.291

Abstract
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Acanthotrema felis is an intestinal trematode of cats originally reported from the Republic of Korea. Only 1 human case infected with a single adult worm has been previously recorded. In the present study, we report 4 human cases infected with a total of 10 worms recovered after anthelmintic treatment and purging. All 4 patients reside in coastal areas of Jeollanam-do, Korea, and have consumed brackish water fish including the gobies, Acanthogobius flavimanus. The worms averaged 0.47 mm in length and 0.27 mm in width, and had 3 sclerites on the ventrogenital sac; 1 was short and thumb-like, another was long and blunt-ended, and the 3rd was long and broad-tipped. They were identified as A. felis Sohn, Han, & Chai, 2003. Surveys on coastal areas to detect further human cases infected with A. felis are required.

Citations

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Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective
Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasitology.2021; 148(3): 366. CrossRef
Foodborne intestinal flukes: A brief review of epidemiology and geographical distribution
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105210. CrossRef
Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33. CrossRef
Heterophyid trematodes recovered from people residing along the Boseong River, South Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Deok-Gyu Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Hyemi Lim, Eun-Hee Shin, Keon Hoon Lee, Mok Ryeon Kim, Sun Jin Han, Jae Hyun Yeom, Sun Mi Park, Jae-Sun Hwang
Acta Tropica.2015; 148: 142. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of Stictodora tridactyla (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from Kuwait Bay using rDNA ITS and mtCO1
Wafa Y. Al-Kandari, Majed A. Alnaqeeb, Asha M. Isaac, Suzanne A. Al-Bustan
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(11): 4259. CrossRef

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86 Download
6 Web of Science
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Brief Communications

Two Human Cases Infected by the Horsehair Worm, Parachordodes sp. (Nematomorpha: Chordodidae), in Japan: Minoru Yamada, Tatsuya Tegoshi, Niichiro Abe, Misako Urabe; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):263-267.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.263

Abstract
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The present study was performed to describe 2 human cases infected by the horsehair worm, Parachordodes sp., in Japan. Two gordiid worms were collected in the vomit and excreta of an 80-year-old woman in November 2009 in Kyoto city, and in the mouth of 1-year-old boy in December 2009 in Nara city, Japan, respectively. Both worms were males having bifurcated posterior ends and male gonads in cross sectional specimens. They were identified as Parachordodes sp. (Nematomorpha: Chordodidae) based on the characteristic morphologies of cross sections and areoles in the cuticle. DNA analysis on 18S rRNA partial sequence arrangements was also carried out and both worms were assumed to be close to the genus Paragordionus based on tree analysis, and far from Gordius sp. which has already been reported in humans in Japan. DNA sequencing of the Parachordodes worm does not appear on the database; therefore, more information on the gene sequences of the genus Parachordodes from humans, animals, or intermediates is required.

Citations

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Oral cavity myiasis and mouth parasitic infestations: A systematic review
Felice Lorusso, Iris Alla, Sergio Rexhep Tari, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Antonio Scarano
Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2025; 126(5): 102425. CrossRef
Invisible tenants: a case of parasitism in Akymnopellis chilensis (Gervais, 1847) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)
E. Vega-Román
Journal of Natural History.2025; 59(37-40): 2405. CrossRef
Foodborne Diseases in the Edible Insect Industry in Europe—New Challenges and Old Problems
Remigiusz Gałęcki, Tadeusz Bakuła, Janusz Gołaszewski
Foods.2023; 12(4): 770. CrossRef
Expression of Hairpin-Enriched Mitochondrial DNA in Two Hairworm Species (Nematomorpha)
Olga V. Nikolaeva, Aleksandra M. Beregova, Boris D. Efeykin, Tatiana S. Miroliubova, Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu. Ivantsov, Kirill V. Mikhailov, Sergei E. Spiridonov, Vladimir V. Aleoshin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(14): 11411. CrossRef
An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae
Blaine A. Mathison, Sarah G. H. Sapp
ZooKeys.2021; 1069: 1. CrossRef
Laboratory Identification of Arthropod Ectoparasites
Blaine A. Mathison, Bobbi S. Pritt
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2014; 27(1): 48. CrossRef

19,502 View
130 Download
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Decrease of Metagonimus yokogawai Endemicity along the Tamjin River Basin: Jin-Ju Lee, Hyo-Jin Kim, Min-Jae Kim, Jo Woon Yi Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Ji-Youn Lee, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):289-291.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.289

Abstract
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The Tamjin River which flows from Jangheung-gun via Gangjin-gun to the South Sea was reported to be a highly endemic area of Metagonimus yokogawai infection in 1977 and 1985. However, there were no recent studies demonstrating how much change occurred in the endemicity, in terms of prevalence and worm burden, of metagonimiasis in this river basin. Thus, a small-scale epidemiological survey was carried out on some residents along the Tamjin River basin in order to determine the current status of M. yokogawai infection. A total of 48 fecal samples were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. The egg positive rate of all helminths was 50.0%, and that of M. yokogawai was 37.5%, followed by C. sinensis 22.9% and G. seoi 4.2%. To obtain the adult flukes of M. yokogawai, 6 egg positive cases were treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium sulfate. A total of 5,225 adult flukes (average 871 specimens per person) of M. yokogawai were collected from their diarrheic stools. Compared with the data reported in 1977 and 1985, the individual worm burdens appeared to have decreased remarkably, although the prevalence did not decrease at all. It is suggested that the endemicity of M. yokogawai infection along the Tamjin River has been reduced. To confirm this suggestion, the status of infection in snail and fish intermediate hosts should be investigated.

Citations

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Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1. CrossRef
Metagonimus suifunensis sp. n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Russian Southern Far East: Morphology, life cycle, and molecular data
P.G. Shumenko, Y.V. Tatonova, V.V. Besprozvannykh
Parasitology International.2017; 66(1): 982. CrossRef
Prevalence ofClonorchis sinensisMetacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Three Latitudinal Regions of the Korean Peninsula
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon Kong, Keeseon Eom, Won-Seok Seok, Taejoon Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(4): 385. CrossRef
Prevalence ofMetagonimusMetacercariae in Sweetfish,Plecoglossus altivelis, from Eastern and Southern Coastal Areas in Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(2): 161. CrossRef
Fish-borne Parasitic Diseases
Jong-Yil Chai
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 223. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef

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Original Article

Persistent endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a southwestern coastal village of Korea with special reference to its egg laying capacity in the human host: Jong-Yil Chai, Geun Chan Lee, Yun-Kyu Park, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Jin Kim, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):51-57.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.51

Abstract
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Follow-up studies have been conducted every three years on the endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a small coastal village of Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, since it was first known as an endemic area in 1994. Special attention was given to its egg laying capacity in the human host. In fecal examinations, the overall helminth egg and/or cyst positive rate was 78.7% (74/94) in 1997 and 76.6% (82/107) in 2000. Among them G. seoi eggs showed the highest rate; 71.3% (67/94) in 1997 and 72.0% (77/107) in 2000. The average number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was 1,015 in 1997, while a reduced rate of 353 was observed in 2000. In 1997, total of 320,677 adult flukes of G. seoi (av. 10,344/person, 94-69,125 in range) were collected from the diarrheic stools of 31 treated patients. The EPG/worm obtained from 21 cases ranged from 0.04 to 0.77 (av. 0.23), suggesting density-dependent constraints on the worm fecundity. The relationship between the worm burden (X) and EPG/worm (Y) can be expressed as Y=0.42 ·e^-1.2χ (r=0.49). The results showed that G. seoi infection is persistently endemic in this village.

Citations

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A potential zoonotic parasite, the digenean Gymnophalloides nacellae, on the Magellanic coast in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: its life cycle and geographical distribution
Carmen Gilardoni, Gisele Di Giorgio, Estefanía Bagnato, Susana Pina, Pedro Rodrigues, Florencia Cremonte
Polar Biology.2020; 43(6): 725. CrossRef
Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Sooji Hong, Keon-Hoon Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Jisu Kang, Jini Lim, Hana Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 705. CrossRef
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R. Toledo, J. G. Esteban, B. Fried
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2012; 31(8): 1705. CrossRef
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Rafael Toledo, M. Dolores Bernal, Antonio Marcilla
Journal of Proteomics.2011; 74(9): 1485. CrossRef
Surveys of Gynaecotyla squatarolae and Microphallus koreana (Digenea: Microphallidae) Metacercariae in Two Species of Estuarine Crabs in Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Hye Jung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Jin-Woo Lee, Ho Jin, Kwan-Hong Min, Yong-Jun Cho, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(1): 81. CrossRef
Intestinal Helminth Infections in Feral Cats and a Raccoon Dog on Aphaedo Island, Shinan-gun, with a Special Note on Gymnophalloides seoi Infection in Cats
Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(2): 189. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
A survey of Heterophyes nocens and Pygidiopsis summa metacercariae in mullets and gobies along the coastal areas of the Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Kwang-Sun Hong, Cheong-Ha Yoon, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(3): 205. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 33. CrossRef
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Chenghua Shen, Jae-hwan Kim, Jeong-Keun Lee, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Min Kyung Lim, Hai-Rim Shin, Sung-Tae Hong
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Min Seo, Hokyung Chun, Geunghwan Ahn, Kee-Taek Jang, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
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Brief Communication

High endemicity of Metagonimus yokogawai infection among residents of Samchok-shi, Kangwon-do: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Yun-Kyu Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(1):33-36.
Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.33

Abstract
PDF

A small-scale epidemiological survey was undertaken during 1997-1998 on the residents along the Osib-chon (Stream), Samchok-shi (City), Kangwon-do (Province), to evaluate the status of Metagonimus yokogawai infection. A total of 165 fecal samples was collected and examined by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. The egg positive rate of M. yokogawai was 29.7%, showing a remarkable difference between males (46.6%) and females (16.3%). To obtain the adult flukes of M. yokogawai, 11 egg positive persons were treated with praziquantel and purged with magnesium sulfate. A total of 242,119 adult flukes (average 22,010 per person, 367-119,650 in range) was collected from diarrheic stools, all of which were identified as M. yokogawai. The results show that M. yokogawai is still highly endemic in this area.

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Case Reports

A human case of Stellantchasmus falcatus infection in Korea: Sung-Jong Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(1):25-27.
Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.25

Abstract
PDF

In an attempt to find the worm producing unidentified egg, one minute fluke was collect from a Korean patient after praziquantel administration. The fluke was identified to be Stellantchasmus falcatus by the expulsor. Brackish water fish was suggested to be a probable source of the infection.

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A case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: Sung-Jong Hong, Joo-Hee Han; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):117-120.
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Abstract
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Strongyloidiasis has been recognized as one of the life-threatening parasitic infections in the immunocompromised patients. We report an intestinal infection case of Strongyloides stercoralis in a 61-year-old man. Rhabditiform larvae were detected in the stool examination and developed to filariform larvae having a notched tail through the Harada-Mori filter paper culture. The patient received five courses of albendazole therapy but not cured of strongyloidiasis.

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