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Volume 54(1); February 2016

Original Articles

An Improved PCR-RFLP Assay for Detection and Genotyping of Asymptomatic Giardia lamblia Infection in a Resource-Poor Setting
Yoursry Hawash, M. M. Ghonaim, S. S. Al-Shehri
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):1-8.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.1
Laboratory workers, in resource-poor countries, still consider PCR detection of Giardia lamblia more costly and more time-consuming than the classical parasitological techniques. Based on 2 published primers, an in-house one-round touchdown PCR-RFLP assay was developed. The assay was validated with an internal amplification control included in reactions. Performance of the assay was assessed with DNA samples of various purities, 91 control fecal samples with various parasite load, and 472 samples of unknown results. Two cysts per reaction were enough for PCR detection by the assay with exhibited specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) of 100% and 93%, respectively. Taking a published small subunit rRNA reference PCR test results (6%; 29/472) as a nominated gold standard, G. lamblia was identified in 5.9% (28/472), 5.2%, (25/472), and 3.6% (17/472) by PCR assay, RIDA® Quick Giardia antigen detection test (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), and iodine-stained smear microscopy, respectively. The percent agreements (kappa values) of 99.7% (0.745), 98.9% (0.900), and 97.7% (0.981) were exhibited between the assay results and that of the reference PCR, immunoassay, and microscopy, respectively. Restriction digestion of the 28 Giardia-positive samples revealed genotype A pattern in 12 and genotype B profile in 16 samples. The PCR assay with the described format and exhibited performance has a great potential to be adopted in basic clinical laboratories as a detection tool for G. lamblia especially in asymptomatic infections. This potential is increased more in particular situations where identification of the parasite genotype represents a major requirement as in epidemiological studies and infection outbreaks.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • A rapid economical multiplex PCR-RFLP method for molecular detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis clinical isolates
    Ajanta Ghosal, Sanjib K. Sardar, Tapas Haldar, Akash Prasad, Koushik Das, Seiki Kobayashi, Yumiko Saito-Nakano, Shanta Dutta, Tomoyoshi Nozaki, Sandipan Ganguly
    Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2024; 110(4): 116548.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of ELISA, nested PCR and sequencing and a novel qPCR for detection of Giardia isolates from Jordan
    Nawal Hijjawi, Rongchang Yang, Ma'mon Hatmal, Yasmeen Yassin, Taghrid Mharib, Rami Mukbel, Sameer Alhaj Mahmoud, Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat, Una Ryan
    Experimental Parasitology.2018; 185: 23.     CrossRef
  • Methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia: From microscopy to nucleic acid based tools in clinical and environmental regimes
    Folasade Esther Adeyemo, Gulshan Singh, Poovendhree Reddy, Thor Axel Stenström
    Acta Tropica.2018; 184: 15.     CrossRef
  • High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay
    Yousry A. Hawash, Khadiga A. Ismail, Mazen Almehmadi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 513.     CrossRef
  • 11,460 View
  • 167 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Masoud Doroodgar, Mahdi Delavari, Moein Doroodgar, Ali Abbasi, Ali Akbar Taherian, Abbas Doroodgar
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):9-14.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.9
Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor and currently used for the treatment of breast cancer. The current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with pentavalent antimony compounds is not satisfactory. Therefore, in this study, due to its antileishmanial activity, effects of tamoxifen on the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major Iranian strain were evaluated in vitro. Promastigotes and amastigotes were treated with different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/ml) and time periods (24, 48, and 72 hr) of tamoxifen. After tamoxifen treatment, MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 biphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay) was used to determine the percentage of live parasites and Graph Pad Prism software to calculate IC50. Flow cytometry was applied to investigate the induction of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in promastigotes. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tamoxifen on promastigotes was 2.6 μg/ml after 24 hr treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that tamoxifen induced early and late apoptosis in Leishmania promastigotes. While after 48 hr in control group the apoptosis was 2.0%, the 50 ?g/L concentration of tamoxifen increased it to 59.7%. Based on the in vitro antileishmanial effect, tamoxifen might be used for leishmaniasis treatment; however, further researches on in vivo effects of tamoxifen in animal models are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Therapeutic effect of topical tamoxifen in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major
    Parastoo Hassani-Abharian, Seyedamirmehdi Hejazi Dehaghani, Zabihollah Shahmoradi, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Audrey Odom John
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Compared Antileishmanial Activity of Clomiphene and Tamoxifen
    Sergio Sifontes-Rodríguez, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño, Ricardo Mondragón Flores, Niurka Mollineda-Diogo, Lianet Monzote Fidalgo, Mónica Edith Mondragón-Castelán, Fedra Alardin-Gutiérrez, Lourdes Araceli López-Enzana, Daniel Andrés Sánchez-Almaraz, Ofelia
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(10): 2290.     CrossRef
  • Caryocar coriaceumWittm. fruit extracts asLeishmaniainhibitors:in-vitroandin-silicoapproaches
    Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Daniela Ribeiro Alves, Selene Maia de Morais, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Taylon Felipe Silva, Eliandro Reis Tavares, Lucy Megumi Yamauchi, Idessania Nazareth Costa, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, Mar
    Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2022; 40(17): 8040.     CrossRef
  • Antileishmanial Activity of Tamoxifen by Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism: A Review
    Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Haftom Gebregergs Hailu, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
    Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications.2022; Volume 14: 11.     CrossRef
  • The potential role and apoptotic profile of three medicinal plant extracts on Leishmania tropica by MTT assay, macrophage model and flow cytometry analysis
    Mozhde Ilaghi, Iraj Sharifi, Fariba Sharififar, Fatemeh Sharifi, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Zahra Babaei, Manzume Shamsi Meimamandi, Alireza Keyhani, Mehdi Bamorovat
    Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2021; 12: e00201.     CrossRef
  • Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Leishmania major Treated with HESA-A: An Herbal Marine Compound
    Jasem Saki, Khalil Saki, Reza Arjmand
    Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: An Experimental Study
    Aakriti Garg, Arti Singh, Anoop Kumar
    Future Microbiology.2021; 16(13): 987.     CrossRef
  • Network-Based Approaches Reveal Potential Therapeutic Targets for Host-Directed Antileishmanial Therapy Driving Drug Repurposing
    J. Eduardo Martinez-Hernandez, Zaynab Hammoud, Alessandra Mara de Sousa, Frank Kramer, Rubens L. do Monte-Neto, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho, Alberto J. M. Martin, Tim Downing
    Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Male predominance in reported Visceral Leishmaniasis cases: Nature or nurture? A comparison of population-based with health facility-reported data
    Kristien Cloots, Sakib Burza, Paritosh Malaviya, Epco Hasker, Sangeeta Kansal, Guy Mollett, Jaya Chakravarty, Nurpur Roy, Bibek Kumar Lal, Suman Rijal, Shyam Sundar, Marleen Boelaert, Guilherme L. Werneck
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(1): e0007995.     CrossRef
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Mechanistic Insights Against Microbial Infections
    Aakriti Garg, Balraj Singh, Ruchika Sharma, Arti Singh, Anoop Kumar
    Current Molecular Medicine.2020; 20(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Treatment Methods of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Previous Data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran
    Nasrin Rezaee, Vahid Raissi, Ahmad Rajaeipour, Mehdi Nazari, Muhammad Getso, Ali Taghipour, Omid Raiesi, Asmaa Ibrahim
    Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(3): 760.     CrossRef
  • Diethyldithiocarbamate encapsulation reduces toxicity and promotes leishmanicidal effect through apoptosis-like mechanism in promastigote and ROS production by macrophage
    João Paulo Assolini, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Claudia Stoeglehner Sahd, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Paulo Emilio Feuser, Arthur Poester Cordeiro, Sergio Marques Borghi, Waldiceu Apareci
    Journal of Drug Targeting.2020; 28(10): 1110.     CrossRef
  • 4-nitrochalcone exerts leishmanicidal effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, and the 4-nitrochalcone encapsulation in beeswax copaiba oil nanoparticles reduces macrophages cytotoxicity
    João Paulo Assolini, Thais Peron da Silva, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Claudia Stoeglehner Sahd, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Paulo Emilio Feuser, Arthur Poester Cordeiro, Claudia Sayer, Pe
    European Journal of Pharmacology.2020; 884: 173392.     CrossRef
  • Repurposing azole antifungals into antileishmanials: Novel 3-triazolylflavanones with promising in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major
    Masoud Keighobadi, Saeed Emami, Mahdi Fakhar, Azar Shokri, Hassan Mirzaei, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
    Parasitology International.2019; 69: 103.     CrossRef
  • Study of Ethinyl Estradiol Activity Against Promastigotes, Axenic and Macrophage-Dwelling Amastigotes of Leishmania infantum by Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium Methods
    Farnoush Shadnoush, Reza Arjmand, Fakher Rahim, Jasem Saki
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Repurposing as a strategy for the discovery of new anti-leishmanials: the-state-of-the-art
    REBECCA L. CHARLTON, BARTIRA ROSSI-BERGMANN, PAUL W. DENNY, PATRICK G. STEEL
    Parasitology.2018; 145(2): 219.     CrossRef
  • Caryocar coriaceum extracts exert leishmanicidal effect acting in promastigote forms by apoptosis-like mechanism and intracellular amastigotes by Nrf2/HO-1/ferritin dependent response and iron depletion
    Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Daniela Ribeiro Alves, Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla, Selene Maia de Morais, João Paulo Assolini, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Allan Henrique Depieri Cataneo, Danielle Kian, Tiago Bervelieri Ma
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2018; 98: 662.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during 2009-2016 in Kashan City, Central Iran
    Doroodgar Moein, Doroodgar Masoud, Mahboobi Saeed, Doroodgar Abbas
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Tamoxifen Never Ceases to Amaze: New Findings on Non-Estrogen Receptor Molecular Targets and Mediated Effects
    Tatiana Anatolievna Bogush, Boris Borisovich Polezhaev, Ivan Andreevich Mamichev, Elena Alexandrovna Bogush, Boris Evseevich Polotsky, Sergei Alexeevich Tjulandin, Andrey Borisovich Ryabov
    Cancer Investigation.2018; 36(4): 211.     CrossRef
  • Cell death mechanisms in Leishmania amazonensis triggered by methylene blue-mediated antiparasitic photodynamic therapy
    Débora P. Aureliano, José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso, Sandra Regina de Castro Soares, Cleusa Fumika Hirata Takakura, Thiago Martini Pereira, Martha Simões Ribeiro
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2018; 23: 1.     CrossRef
  • Grandiflorenic acid promotes death of promastigotes via apoptosis-like mechanism and affects amastigotes by increasing total iron bound capacity
    Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla, João Paulo Assolini, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Priscila Goes Camargo de Carvalho, Ian Lucas Alves Cardoso, Andréa Name Colado
    Phytomedicine.2018; 46: 11.     CrossRef
  • In vitro Effects of Ketotifen and Cromolyn Sodium on Promastigote and Amastigotes of Leishmania major
    Lima Asgharpour Sarouey, Khadijeh Khanaliha, Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam, Samaneh Khorrami, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Fatemeh Tabatabaie
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Repurposing Estrogen Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Infectious Disease
    Marhiah C. Montoya, Damian J. Krysan, Danielle A. Garsin
    mBio.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Library of Seleno-Compounds as Novel Agents against Leishmania Species
    Álvaro Martín-Montes, Daniel Plano, Rubén Martín-Escolano, Verónica Alcolea, Marta Díaz, Silvia Pérez-Silanes, Socorro Espuelas, Esther Moreno, Clotilde Marín, Ramón Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Carmen Sanmartín, Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity Effect of Chaerophyllum Extract on Leishmania major and J774 Cell Line in Vitro
    Parisa Ebrahimisadr, Hamidreza Majidiani, Farahnaz Bineshian, Farnoosh Jameie, Ezatollah Ghasemi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
    Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity Effect of Chaerophyllum Extract on Leishmania major and J774 Cell Line in Vitro
    Parisa Ebrahimisadr, Hamidreza Majidiani, Farahnaz Bineshian, Farnoosh Jameie, Ezatollah Ghasemi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
    Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,857 View
  • 165 Download
  • 29 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Isolation and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Strains in Ovine Aborted Fetuses in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran
Leila Danehchin, Gholamreza Razmi, Abolghasem Naghibi
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):15-20.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.15
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that can cause abortion in humans and animals. The aim of this study was isolation and subsequent genotyping of Toxolasma gondii isolates in ovine aborted fetuses. During 2012-2013, 39 ovine aborted fetuses were collected from sheep flocks in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The brain samples were screened for detection of the parasite DNA by nested PCR. The positive brain samples were bioassayed in Webster Swiss mice. The serum samples of mice were examined for T. gondii antibodies by IFAT at 6 weeks post inoculation, and T. gondii cysts were searched in brain tissue samples of seropositive mice. The positive samples were genotyped by using a PCR-RLFP method. Subsequently, GRA6 sequences of isolates were analyzed using a phylogenetic method. The results revealed that T. gondii DNA was detected in 54% (20/37, 95% CI 38.4-69.0%) brain samples of ovine aborted fetuses. In bioassay of mice, only 2 samples were virulent and the mice were killed at 30 days post inoculation, while the others were non-virulent to mice. The size of cysts ranged 7-22 ?m. Complete genotyping data for GRA6 locus were observed in 5 of the 20 samples. PCR-RLFP results and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the isolated samples were closely related to type I. For the first time, we could genotype and report T. gondii isolates from ovine aborted fetuses in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The results indicate that the T. gondii isolates are genetically related to type I, although most of them were non-virulent for mice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Unraveling the link: serological and molecular insights into Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with spontaneous abortion history
    Narges Arbabi, Nima Firouzeh, Seyed Ghader Azizi, Ahmad Mehravaran, Soudabeh Etemadi, Reza Shafiei, Hadi Mirahmadi
    Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Is GRA6 Gene a Suitable Marker for Molecular Typing of Toxoplasma Gondii? A Scoping Systematic Review
    Rohallah Abedian, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Mahdi Fakhar, Zahra Rahmani, Mahbobeh Montazeri, Mostafa Solaymani, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
    Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 175.     CrossRef
  • Serological and molecular survey of Toxoplasma Gondii in aborted livestock fetuses from Northeast Iran
    Reza Shafiei, Nima Firouzeh, Mohammad Taghi Rahimi
    BMC Research Notes.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasmosis diagnostic techniques: Current developed methods and biosensors
    Soheila Molaei, Masoomeh Dadkhah, Farzaneh Fathi
    Talanta.2023; 252: 123828.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among women with miscarriage and their aborted fetuses in the northwest of Iran
    Shiva Zeinali, Shahram Khademvatan, Rasool Jafari, Shabnam Vazifekhah, Elham Yousefi, Tahereh Behroozi-Lak, Bibi Razieh Hosseini Farash
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0283493.     CrossRef
  • Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum as cause of ovine abortion in affected flocks of Urmia, northwest of Iran
    A. Khodadadi, F. Malekifard, R. A. Batavani
    BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE.2022; 25(2): 308.     CrossRef
  • Molecular and serological detection and of Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants of southwest Iran and the potential risks for consumers
    Amin Yousefvand, Seyed Ali Mirhosseini, Masoud Ghorbani, Tahereh Mohammadzadeh, Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Shirin Mohammadyari
    Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety.2021; 16(2): 117.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the aborted fetuses and ruminants that had an abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Tooran Nayeri, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ahmad Daryani
    Veterinary Parasitology.2021; 290: 109370.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh
    Tanjila Hasan, Abdul Mannan, Delower Hossain, Azizunnesa Rekha, Md. Monir Hossan, Mohammad Abdul Alim, AHM Musleh Uddin
    Veterinary World.2021; : 2386.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Diagnosis and Pathological Study of Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Caprine and Ovine Fetuses in Borderline of Iran–Iraq
    Arjang Partoandazanpoor, Zainab Sadeghi-Dehkordi, Loghman Ekradi, Monireh Khordadmehr, Maryam Rassouli, Alireza Sazmand
    Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(1): 187.     CrossRef
  • WITHDRAWN: Economic and public health importance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep: the last decade
    J.P. Dubey, F.H.A. Murata, C.K. Cerqueira-Cézar, O.C.H. Kwok, C. Su
    Veterinary Parasitology: X.2020; : 100028.     CrossRef
  • Economic and public health importance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep: 2009–2020
    J.P. Dubey, F.H.A. Murata, C.K. Cerqueira-Cézar, O.C.H. Kwok, C. Su
    Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 286: 109195.     CrossRef
  • Lack of circulating Toxoplasma gondii DNA in seropositive patients with bipolar or schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
    L. Galli, C. Del Grande, L. Rindi, C. Mangia, V. Mangano, E. Schiavi, I. Masci, B. Pinto, L. Kramer, L. Dell'Osso, F. Bruschi
    Psychiatry Research.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in farm animals: Risk factors and economic impact
    S. Stelzer, W. Basso, J. Benavides Silván, L.M. Ortega-Mora, P. Maksimov, J. Gethmann, F.J. Conraths, G. Schares
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2019; 15: e00037.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in abortion women by RFLP-PCR in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province
    Saleem Khteer Al-Hadraawy, Mohammad Alzeyadi, Ameer Ali Shakir, Arshad noori Al-dujaili
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2019; 1234(1): 012084.     CrossRef
  • Molecular genotyping and serological evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii in mothers and their spontaneous aborted fetuses in Southwest of Iran
    Nasir Arefkhah, Bahman Pourabbas, Qasem Asgari, Abdolali Moshfe, Fataneh Mikaeili, Gordafarin Nikbakht, Bahador Sarkari
    Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2019; 66: 101342.     CrossRef
  • Serological and molecular detection ofToxoplasma gondiiin sheep and goats in Kashan, Central Iran
    Sima Rasti, Nader Marandi, Amir Abdoli, Mahdi Delavari, Seyed Gholam Abbas Mousavi
    Journal of Food Safety.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in retail fresh meats in Canada
    Asma Iqbal, Nicol Janecko, Frank Pollari, Brent Dixon
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2018; 13: e00031.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii Type I, predominant genotype isolated from sheep in South of Iran
    Belal Armand, Kavous Solhjoo, Manoochehr Shabani Kordshooli, Mohammad Hasan Davami, Morteza Pourahmad, Vahideh Orfaee
    Veterinary World.2017; 10(4): 386.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in masked palm civet ( Paguma larvata ) in Hainan province, tropical China
    Guan-Yu Hou, Jun-Ming Zhao, Han-Lin Zhou, Guang Rong
    Acta Tropica.2016; 162: 103.     CrossRef
  • 11,129 View
  • 149 Download
  • 29 Web of Science
  • Crossref
A Novel Polyclonal Antiserum against Toxoplasma gondii Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger 1
Bin Xiao, Zhenzhan Kuang, Yanli Zhan, Daxiang Chen, Yang Gao, Ming Li, Shuhong Luo, Wenbo Hao
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):21-29.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.21
The sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), which functions in maintaining the ratio of Na+ and H+ ions, is widely distributed in cell plasma membranes. It plays a prominent role in pH balancing, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. However, its exact subcellular location and biological functions in Toxoplasma gondii are largely unclear. In this study, we cloned the C-terminal sequence of T. gondii NHE1 (TgNHE1) incorporating the C-terminal peptide of NHE1 (C-NHE1) into the pGEX4T-1 expression plasmid. The peptide sequence was predicted to have good antigenicity based on the information obtained from an immune epitope database. After induction of heterologous gene expression with isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactoside, the recombinant C-NHE1 protein successfully expressed in a soluble form was purified by glutathione sepharose beads as an immunogen for production of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. The specificity of this antiserum was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The antiserum could reduce T. gondii invasion into host cells, indicated by the decreased TgNHE1 expression in T. gondii parasites that were pre-incubated with antiserum in the process of cell entry. Furthermore, the antiserum reduced the virulence of T. gondii parasites to host cells in vitro, possibly by blocking the release of Ca2+. In this regard, this antiserum has potential to be a valuable tool for further studies of TgNHE1.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Identification and Characterization of a Cleavage Site in the Proteolysis of Orf Virus 086 Protein
    Xiaoping Wang, Bin Xiao, Jiafeng Zhang, Daxiang Chen, Wei Li, Ming Li, Wenbo Hao, Shuhong Luo
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,507 View
  • 87 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Afatinib Reduces STAT6 Signaling of Host ARPE-19 Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii
Zhaoshou Yang, Hye-Jin Ahn, Young-Hoon Park, Ho-Woo Nam
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):31-38.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.31
Specific gene expressions of host cells by spontaneous STAT6 phosphorylation are major strategy for the survival of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii against parasiticidal events through STAT1 phosphorylation by infection provoked IFN-γ. We determined the effects of small molecules of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the growth of T. gondii and on the relationship with STAT1 and STAT6 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. We counted the number of T. gondii RH tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) after treatment with TKIs at 12-hr intervals for 72 hr. The change of STAT6 phosphorylation was assessed via western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Among the tested TKIs, Afatinib (pan ErbB/EGFR inhibitor, 5 ?M) inhibited 98.0% of the growth of T. gondii, which was comparable to pyrimethamine (5 ?M) at 96.9% and followed by Erlotinib (ErbB1/EGFR inhibitor, 20 ?M) at 33.8% and Sunitinib (PDGFR or c-Kit inhibitor, 10 ?M) at 21.3%. In the early stage of the infection (2, 4, and 8 hr after T. gondii challenge), Afatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 in western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Both JAK1 and JAK3, the upper hierarchical kinases of cytokine signaling, were strongly phosphorylated at 2 hr and then disappeared entirely after 4 hr. Some TKIs, especially the EGFR inhibitors, might play an important role in the inhibition of intracellular replication of T. gondii through the inhibition of the direct phosphorylation of STAT6 by T. gondii.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Small molecule kinase inhibitor altiratinib inhibits brain cyst forming bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii
    Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hwa Sun Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
    Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(2): e2409001.     CrossRef
  • iTRAQ-Based Phosphoproteomic Analysis Exposes Molecular Changes in the Small Intestinal Epithelia of Cats after Toxoplasma gondii Infection
    Bintao Zhai, Yu-Meng Meng, Shi-Chen Xie, Jun-Jie Peng, Yang Liu, Yanhua Qiu, Lu Wang, Jiyu Zhang, Jun-Jun He
    Animals.2023; 13(22): 3537.     CrossRef
  • Secretome Analysis of Host Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii after Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 Inhibitors
    Hye-Jung Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hyeweon Kang, Jaehui Park, Seul gi Oh, Saehae Choi, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 249.     CrossRef
  • A Human Proteome Array Approach to Identifying Key Host Proteins Targeted by Toxoplasma Kinase ROP18
    Zhaoshou Yang, Yongheng Hou, Taofang Hao, Hee-Sool Rho, Jun Wan, Yizhao Luan, Xin Gao, Jianping Yao, Aihua Pan, Zhi Xie, Jiang Qian, Wanqin Liao, Heng Zhu, Xingwang Zhou
    Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2017; 16(3): 469.     CrossRef
  • Adverse Event Profile of Pyrimethamine-Based Therapy in Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review
    Ruben R. Ben-Harari, Elizabeth Goodwin, Julio Casoy
    Drugs in R&D.2017; 17(4): 523.     CrossRef
  • Suppressors for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 (HER2/4): A New Family of Anti-Toxoplasmic Agents in ARPE-19 Cells
    Yeong Hoon Kim, Lokraj Bhatt, Hye-Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 491.     CrossRef
  • 10,345 View
  • 103 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
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Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Bovine PBMCs Transformed and Non-transformed by Theileria annulata
Hongxi Zhao, Junlong Liu, Youquan Li, Congshan Yang, Shuaiyang Zhao, Juan Liu, Aihong Liu, Guangyuan Liu, Hong Yin, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):39-46.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.39
Theileria annulata is a tick-borne intracellular protozoan parasite that causes tropical theileriosis, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. The parasite predominantly invades bovine B lymphocytes and macrophages and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that is not fully comprehended. Analysis of signaling pathways by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) could be a highly efficient means to understand this transformation mechanism. However, accurate analysis of qPCR data relies on selection of appropriate reference genes for normalization, yet few papers on T. annulata contain evidence of reference gene validation. We therefore used the geNorm and NormFinder programs to evaluate the stability of 5 candidate reference genes; 18S rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ACTB (β-actin), PRKG1 (protein kinase cGMP-dependent, type I) and TATA box binding protein (TBP). The results showed that 18S rRNA was the reference gene most stably expressed in bovine PBMCs transformed and non-transformed with T. annulata, followed by GAPDH and TBP. While 18S rRNA and GAPDH were the best combination, these 2 genes were chosen as references to study signaling pathways involved in the transformation mechanism of T. annulata.

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  • Virulence Is More than Adhesion and Invasion Ability, an In Vitro Cell Infection Assay of Bovine Mycoplasma spp.
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  • A Theileria annulata parasite with a single mutation, methionine 128 to isoleucine (M128I), in cytochrome B is resistant to buparvaquone
    Shahin Tajeri, Debasish Chattopadhyay, Gordon Langsley, Ard M. Nijhof, Vikrant Sudan
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(4): e0299002.     CrossRef
  • Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function
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    Animal Science Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Internal reference genes with the potential for normalizing quantitative PCR results for oral fluid specimens
    Ting-Yu Cheng, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Luis G. Giménez-Lirola
    Animal Health Research Reviews.2022; 23(2): 147.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity of Siberian bovine coronavirus isolates (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus-1: Bovine-Like coronaviruses)
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    Problems of Virology.2022; 67(6): 465.     CrossRef
  • Putative Internal Control Genes in Bovine Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles Suitable for Normalization in Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Md. Matiur Rahman, Shigeo Takashima, Yuji O. Kamatari, Yassien Badr, Kaori Shimizu, Ayaka Okada, Yasuo Inoshima
    Membranes.2021; 11(12): 933.     CrossRef
  • Inhibition monitoring in veterinary molecular testing
    Lifang Yan, Kathy L. Toohey-Kurth, Beate M. Crossley, Jianfa Bai, Amy L. Glaser, Rebecca L. Tallmadge, Laura B. Goodman
    Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation.2020; 32(6): 758.     CrossRef
  • Development and testing of the real-time polymerase chain reaction for identification and quantitative determination of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus
    A.V. Nefedchenko, A.G. Glotov, S.V. Koteneva, T.I. Glotova
    Molecular Genetics Microbiology and Virology (Russian version).2020; 38(3): 145.     CrossRef
  • Developing and Testing a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify and Quantify Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
    A. V. Nefedchenko, A. G. Glotov, S. V. Koteneva, T. I. Glotova
    Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology.2020; 35(3): 168.     CrossRef
  • Subacute ruminal acidosis affects fermentation and endotoxin concentration in the rumen and relative expression of the CD14/TLR4/MD2 genes involved in lipopolysaccharide systemic immune response in dairy cows
    B. Stefanska, W. Człapa, E. Pruszynska-Oszmałek, D. Szczepankiewicz, V. Fievez, J. Komisarek, K. Stajek, W. Nowak
    Journal of Dairy Science.2018; 101(2): 1297.     CrossRef
  • Selection and evaluation of housekeeping genes as endogenous controls for quantification of mRNA transcripts in Theileria parva using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
    Teboho N. Tsotetsi, Nicola E. Collins, Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Kgomotso P. Sibeko-Matjila, Gordon Langsley
    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(5): e0196715.     CrossRef
  • 12,605 View
  • 150 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Animal Models for Echinostoma malayanum Infection: Worm Recovery and Some Pathology
Jiraporn Songsri, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Thidarut Boonmars, Panaratana Ratanasuwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Pranee Sriraj, Panupan Sripan
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):47-53.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.47
Echinostomes are intestinal trematodes that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans, in their adult stage and also parasitize numerous invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts in their larval stages. The purpose of this study was to compare Echinostoma malayanum parasite growth, including worm recovery, body size of adult worms, eggs per worm, eggs per gram of feces, and pathological changes in the small intestine of experimental animals. In this study, 6-8-week-old male hamsters, rats, mice, and gerbils were infected with echinostome metacercariae and then sacrificed at day 60 post-infection. The small intestine and feces of each infected animal were collected and then processed for analysis. The results showed that worm recovery, eggs per worm, and eggs per gram of feces from all infected hamsters were higher compared with infected rats and mice. However, in infected gerbils, no parasites were observed in the small intestine, and there were no parasite eggs in the feces. The volume of eggs per gram of feces and eggs per worm were related to parasite size. The results of histopathological changes in the small intestine of infected groups showed abnormal villi and goblet cells, as evidenced by short villi and an increase in the number and size of goblet cells compared with the normal control group.

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  • Research Note: Genetic analysis, pathology, and vectors of echinostomiasis, a zoonotic helminth infection in chickens in Bangladesh
    Sharmin Shahid Labony, Sudip Paul, Md. Abdul Alim, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Takahiro Inoue, Sumaiya Naznin Ritu, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Mahmudul Alam, Hayato Kawada, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Takeshi Hatta, Naotoshi Tsuji, Anisuzzaman
    Poultry Science.2022; 101(3): 101682.     CrossRef
  • A relatively high zoonotic trematode prevalence in Orientogalba ollula and the developmental characteristics of isolated trematodes by experimental infection in the animal model
    Jian Li, Yijing Ren, Lei Yang, Jiani Guo, Haiying Chen, Jiani Liu, Haoqiang Tian, Qingan Zhou, Weiyi Huang, Wei Hu, Xinyu Feng
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Yue Huang, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Guoqing Li
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular and phylogenetic analysis and risk assessment of a trematode parasite, Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex Lane, 1915 with a new host record from India
    Dimple Mandla, Neena Singla, Sukhmanpreet Kaur Brar, Lachhman Das Singla
    Biologia.2022; 78(1): 119.     CrossRef
  • Artyfechinostomum malayanum: Metacercariae Encysted in Pila sp. Snails Purchased from Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Muth Sinuon, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 341.     CrossRef
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  • 159 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
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Genotype and Phenotype of Echinococcus granulosus Derived from Wild Sheep (Ovis orientalis) in Iran
Ali Eslami, Behnam Meshgi, Fatemeh Jalousian, Shima Rahmani, Mohammad Ali Salari
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):55-60.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.55
The aim of the present study is to determine the characteristics of genotype and phenotype of Echinococcus granulosus derived from wild sheep and to compare them with the strains of E. granulosus sensu stricto (sheep-dog) and E. granulosus camel strain (camel-dog) in Iran. In Khojir National Park, near Tehran, Iran, a fertile hydatid cyst was recently found in the liver of a dead wild sheep (Ovis orientalis). The number of protoscolices (n=6,000) proved enough for an experimental infection in a dog. The characteristics of large and small hooks of metacestode were statistically determined as the sensu stricto strain but not the camel strain (P=0.5). To determine E. granulosus genotype, 20 adult worms of this type were collected from the infected dog. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 subunit (COX1) of the mitochondrial DNA were amplified from individual adult worm by PCR. Subsequently, the PCR product was sequenced by Sanger method. The lengths of ITS2 and COX1 sequences were 378 and 857 bp, respectively, for all the sequenced samples. The amplified DNA sequences from both ribosomal and mitochondrial genes were highly similar (99% and 98%, respectively) to that of the ovine strain in the GenBank database. The results of the present study indicate that the morpho-molecular features and characteristics of E. granulosus in the Iranian wild sheep are the same as those of the sheep-dog E. granulosus sensu stricto strain.

Citations

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  • Differentiation of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species of human origin from Neuquén, Argentina, by multivariate analysis of rostellar hooks morphometry
    L.E. Lazzarini, M.F. Debiaggi, L.A. Pianciola, M.L. Mazzeo, S.V. Soriano, N.B. Pierangeli
    Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Thomas Romig, Marion Wassermann
    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 23: 100913.     CrossRef
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    Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi
    World's Veterinary Journal.2023; 13(4): 571.     CrossRef
  • Echinococcoses in Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan: Old Diseases in the New Millennium
    Mehdi Borhani, Saeid Fathi, Enayat Darabi, Fatemeh Jalousian, Sami Simsek, Haroon Ahmed, Harun Kaya Kesik, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Thomas Romig, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Iraj Mobedi
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ECHINOCOCCUS SPP. IN HYDATID CYST FLUID COLLECTED FROM HUMAN AND LIVESTOCK IN NORTHERN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA AND GILGIT BALTISTAN
    M Abdullah, I Ali, K.S. Haleem, A.U. Rehman, S Qayyum, Z Niaz, S Ahmed, I Khan, M.N.K. Khattak, N Sultana, I Tauseef
    The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.2021; 31(5): 1293.     CrossRef
  • Genetic survey of cystic echinococcosis in farm animals in Oman
    Fadya Abdullah AlKitani, Senan Baqir, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor, Shumoos AlRiyami, Muhammad Hammad Hussain, Derek Roberts
    Tropical Animal Health and Production.2020; 52(1): 331.     CrossRef
  • Molecular characterization ofEchinococcus granulosusin livestock of Al-Madinah (Saudi Arabia)
    N.M. AL-Mutairi, H.A. Taha, A.H. Nigm
    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and characterization of hydatidosis in Najdi sheep slaughtered in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
    Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Esam Almalki, Saleh Al-Quarishy
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2018; 25(7): 1375.     CrossRef
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  • 107 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
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In Vitro Scolicidal Effects of Salvadora persica Root Extract against Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus
Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Esam Almalki, Lamjed Mansour, Saleh Al-Quarishy
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):61-66.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.61
It has been known that Arak, Salvadora persica, has a number of medicinal properties. We tried to investigate in vitro scolicidal effect of root extracts of this plant against protoscolices from hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. S. persica root extract was used in 10, 30, and 50 mg/ml concentration for 10, 20, and 30 min. The viability of protoscolices was ascertained by 0.1% eosin staining. Scolicidal activity of S. persica extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml was 36.3%, 50.3%, and 70.8% after 10, 20, and 30 min of exposure, respectively. The scolicidal effect of this extract at a concentration of 30 mg/ml was 52.9%, 86.7%, and 100% after 10, 20, and 30 min of exposure, respectively. S. persica extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml, meanwhile, killed 81.4%, 100%, and 100% of protoscolices after 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively. Also, the cytotoxic potential of S. persica was assessed on human liver cells (HepG2) using trypan blue exclusion test. No cytotoxic effect was observed on HepG2 cell line. The present study confirmed for the first time that the ethanolic extract of S. persica has high scolicidal power in vitro. However, in vivo effect of this material remains to be studied for treatment of echinococcosis in humans and herbivorous animals.

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  • In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts to lavender and green tea extracts
    Seyed Mohammad Mehdizadeh, Farnaz Malekifard, Bijan Esmaeilnejad
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Scolicidal Activity of Two Leaves Extracts of Myrtus communis from Algeria Against Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Protoscoleces
    Meryem Benmarce, Assia Haif, M. Celina Elissondo, Samia Bouaziz, Assia Bentahar, AbdElkarim Laatamna
    Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 839.     CrossRef
  • Comparative study of the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Atriplex halimus, the anti-echinococcal plant used in Algeria
    Meryem Benmarce, Maria Celina Elissondo, AbdElkarim Laatamna, Assia Haif
    Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 54: 101094.     CrossRef
  • Cytotoxic, Scolicidal, and Insecticidal Activities of Lavandula stoechas Essential Oil
    Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Saleh Al-Quraishy, Ahmed O. Hassan, Dimitra Daferera, Atalay Sokmen, Asmaa A. Kamel
    Separations.2023; 10(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • Morphological aspects and pathological impacts of cystic echinococcosis in liver of slaughtered sheep and host-parasite relationship
    A. Al-Ghamdi, M. Ibrahim, E. Idris, A. Al-Doaiss, K. Morsy
    Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia.2023; 75(5): 821.     CrossRef
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    Sibo Wang, Yibo Ma, Weishan Wang, Yi Dai, Haohao Sun, Jing Li, Shan Wang, Feng Li
    Acta Tropica.2022; 226: 106252.     CrossRef
  • In vitro efficacy of Capparis spinosa extraction against larvae viability of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto
    Mingzhi YAN, Jintian LI, Hui LIU, Ning YANG, Jin CHU, Li SUN, Xiaojuan BI, Renyong LIN, Guodong LV
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2022; 84(3): 465.     CrossRef
  • Salvadora persica extract attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatorenal damage by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats
    Thalat Bokhary, Bassem Refaat, El-Sayed Bakr, Sameh Baz, Bodour Rajab, Hossam Gadalla, Mohamed El-Boshy
    Journal of Integrative Medicine.2022; 20(4): 348.     CrossRef
  • Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021)
    Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Sadiq Khan, Rana Muhammad Athar Ali, Warda Qamar, Muhammad Saqib, Noman Yousaf Faridi, Li Li, Bao-Quan Fu, Hong-Bin Yan, Wan-Zhong Jia
    Life.2022; 12(5): 676.     CrossRef
  • Scolicidal Activity of Eriobotrya japonica and Lonicera japonica Extracts Against Hydatid Cysts of Echinococcus granulosus
    Chonoor Mohammadi, Jgarxwen Nuraddin, Suham Najmadin
    Research Journal of Phytochemistry.2022; 16(2): 74.     CrossRef
  • Scolicidal effects of Cassia fistula and Urtica dioica extracts on protoscoleces of hydatid cysts
    Amirmehdi Sarvestani, Ali Karimian, Rasool Mohammadi, Kourosh Cheraghipour, Masoomeh Zivdri, Morteza Nourmohammadi, Mohammad Almasian, Amirhossein Nafari
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(1): 59.     CrossRef
  • Anti-echinococcal effect of verapamil involving the regulation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II response in vitro and in a murine infection model
    Hai-Jun Gao, Xu-Dong Sun, Yan-Ping Luo, Hua-Sheng Pang, Xing-Ming Ma, Ting Zhang, Tao Jing, Wei Hu, Yu-Juan Shen, Jian-Ping Cao
    Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Silybum marianum ethanolic extract: in vitro effects on protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus G1 strain with emphasis on other Iranian medicinal plants
    Ali Taghipour, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, John Horton, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Zohreh Sharifi
    Tropical Medicine and Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In vitro scolicidal activity of Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. essential oil on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces
    Amani Hizem, Selim M’rad, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Habib Mezhoud, Hichem Ben Jannet, Guido Flamini, Kamel Ghedira, Hamouda Babba
    Journal of Essential Oil Research.2020; 32(2): 178.     CrossRef
  • Constituents of essential oil of Origanum minutiflorum and its in vitro antioxidant, scolicidal and anticancer activities
    Atalay Sokmen, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Esam S. Al-Malki, Saleh Al-Quraishy, Heba M. Abdel-Haleem
    Journal of King Saud University - Science.2020; 32(4): 2377.     CrossRef
  • In vitro Scolicidal effects of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) venom against the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus
    Esam S. Al-Malki, Naser Abdelsater
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2020; 27(7): 1760.     CrossRef
  • Main compounds and in vitro effectiveness of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on protoscoleces of hydatid cyst
    Sid Mohammed Ammar Selles, Mokhtaria Kouidri, Tahar Belkacem Belhamiti, Amar Ait Amrane, Mohamed Benahmed, Abdelkader Hachemi
    Comparative Clinical Pathology.2020; 29(3): 705.     CrossRef
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    Manei M. Aljedaie, Esam S. Al-Malki
    Journal of King Saud University - Science.2020; 32(6): 2810.     CrossRef
  • Antiprotozoal potential of Salvadora persica against three virulent subtypes of Blastocystis sp.
    Mohammed A. El-Bali, Abdulhafid Abdulhakim, Raafat T. Mohamed, Mohamed A. EL-Malky, Rowaida A. Bakri, Saeed A. Al-Harthi
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(4): 694.     CrossRef
  • Tacrolimus, a rapamycin target protein inhibitor, exerts anti-cystic echinococcosis effects both in vitro and in vivo
    Muzhabaier Muhedier, Jintian Li, Hui Liu, Guizhi Ma, Kuerbannisha Amahong, Renyong Lin, Guodong Lü
    Acta Tropica.2020; 212: 105708.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review of medicinal plants used against Echinococcus granulosus
    Rehman Ali, Sanaullah Khan, Marina Khan, Muhammad Adnan, Ijaz Ali, Taj Ali Khan, Sumbal Haleem, Muhammad Rooman, Sadia Norin, Shahid Niaz Khan, Branislav T. Šiler
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(10): e0240456.     CrossRef
  • In vitro and in vivo Effects of Artesunate on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces and Metacestodes


    Limei Wen, Guodong Lv, Jun Zhao, Shuai Lu, Yuehong Gong, Yafen Li, Haiya Zheng, Bei Chen, Huijing Gao, Chunyan Tian, Jianhua Wang
    Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2020; Volume 14: 4685.     CrossRef
  • Lethal effects of gold nanoparticles on protoscolices of hydatid cyst: in vitro study
    Sara Napooni, Mohsen Arbabi, Mahdi Delavari, Hossein Hooshyar, Sima Rasti
    Comparative Clinical Pathology.2019; 28(1): 143.     CrossRef
  • Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century
    Hao Wen, Lucine Vuitton, Tuerhongjiang Tuxun, Jun Li, Dominique A. Vuitton, Wenbao Zhang, Donald P. McManus
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Scolicidal Effects of Chitosan–Curcumin Nanoparticles on the Hydatid Cyst Protoscolices
    Sara Napooni, Mahdi Delavari, Mohsen Arbabi, Hossein Barkheh, Sima Rasti, Hossein Hooshyar, S. Mostafa Hosseinpour Mashkani
    Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(2): 367.     CrossRef
  • CYSTIC HYDATIDOSIS IN KIDNEY OF SHEEP: PREVALENCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
    Muslimah, N. ALsulami, Nafisa Mohammd Batarfi
    Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences.2019; 7(5): 505.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and characterization of hydatidosis in Najdi sheep slaughtered in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
    Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Esam Almalki, Saleh Al-Quarishy
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2018; 25(7): 1375.     CrossRef
  • Progress in the pharmacological treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: Compounds and therapeutic targets
    Mar Siles-Lucas, Adriano Casulli, Roberto Cirilli, David Carmena, Giovanna Raso
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(4): e0006422.     CrossRef
  • Susceptibility of Protoscoleces of Hydatid Cyst to Various Concentrations of Oak Gall (Quercus infectoria Olivier) Extract at Different Exposure Times In Vitro
    Farnaz Malekifard, Fatemeh Keramati
    Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In vitro effectiveness of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale extracts on Echinococcus protoscoleces
    Esam Almalki, Esam M. Al-Shaebi, Saleh Al-Quarishy, Mansour El-Matbouli, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2017; 24(1): 90.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered Sawakny sheep in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
    Esam Almalki, Saleh Al-Quarishy, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2017; 24(7): 1534.     CrossRef
  • Bois d’arak (bâton d’arak)
    K. Ghédira, P. Goetz
    Phytothérapie.2017; 15(2): 80.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Ribosomal Protein RPS9 in Echinococcus granulosus
    L. M. Wen, G. D. Lü, J. Zhao, S. Lu, H. J. Gao, B. Chen, Y. F. Ma, Y. F. Xiao, Y. Yuan, H. B. Zhang, H. Liu, J. H. Wang
    Journal of Parasitology.2017; 103(6): 699.     CrossRef
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  • 208 Download
  • 30 Web of Science
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Case Report

Infection of Taenia asiatica in a Bai Person in Dali, China
Li Wang, Xuenong Luo, Junling Hou, Aijiang Guo, Shaohua Zhang, Hailong Li, Xuepeng Cai
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):67-70.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.67
We report here a human case of Taenia asiatica infection which was confirmed by genetic analyses in Dali, China. A patient was found to have symptoms of taeniasis with discharge of tapeworm proglottids. By sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene, we observed nucleotide sequence identity of 99% with T. asiatica and 96% with T. saginata. Using the cytochrome b (cytb) gene, 99% identity with T. asiatica and 96% identity with T. saginata were found. Our findings suggest that taeniasis of people in Dali, China may be mainly caused by T. asiatica.

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  • Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis Revealing an Intestinal Infection of a Hybridized Tapeworm (Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica) to Human in Yunnan, China
    Kan-Kan Chu, Ye Qiu, Ce-Heng Liao, Zhi You, Zuo-Shun He, Wen Fang, Hong-Ying Li, Peter Daszak, Jun-Jie Hu, Yun-Zhi Zhang, Xing-Yi Ge
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Brief Communications
Influence of 120 kDa Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase on Pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis
Hyun-Ouk Song
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):71-74.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.71
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan parasite and commonly infected the lower genital tract in women and men. Iron is a known nutrient for growth of various pathogens, and also reported to be involved in establishment of trichomoniasis. However, the exact mechanism was not clarified. In this study, the author investigated whether the 120 kDa protein of T. vaginalis may be involved in pathogenicity of trichomonads. Antibodies against 120 kDa protein of T. vaginalis, which was identified as pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) by peptide analysis of MALDI-TOF-MS, were prepared in rabbits. Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with anti-120 kDa Ab decreased the proliferation and adherence to vaginal epithelial cells (MS74) of T. vaginalis. Subcutaneous tissue abscess in anti-120 kDa Ab-treated T. vaginalis-injected mice was smaller in size than that of untreated T. vaginalis-infected mice. Collectively, the 120 kDa protein expressed by iron may be involved in proliferation, adhesion to host cells, and abscess formation, thereby may influence on the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis.

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  • Trichomonas vaginalis acid sphingomyelinases' theoretical structural analysis shows substrate binding diversity related to protein flexibility and mobility
    Ana Laura Medina-Nieto, Sairy Yarely Andrade-Guillen, Fátima Berenice Ramírez-Montiel, Fátima Tornero-Gutiérrez, José A. Martínez-Álvarez, Ángeles Rangel-Serrano, Itzel Páramo-Pérez, Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya, Javier de la Mora, Claudia Leticia Mendoza-Mac
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    Namrata Anand
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    Patricia Alarcon-Valdes, Guiehdani Villalobos, Williams Arony Martinez-Flores, Eduardo Lopez-Escamilla, Nelly Raquel Gonzalez-Arenas, Mirza Romero-Valdovinos, Fernando Martinez-Hernandez, Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillan-Benitez, Pablo Maravilla
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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women Visiting 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Daegu, South Korea
Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Won-Myung Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):75-80.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.75
This study explored epidemiological trends in trichomoniasis in Daegu, South Korea. Wet mount microscopy, PCR, and multiplex PCR were used to test for Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab samples obtained from 621 women visiting 2 clinics in Daegu. Of the 621 women tested, microscopy detected T. vaginalis in 4 (0.6%) patients, PCR detected T. vaginalis in 19 (3.0%) patients, and multiplex PCR detected T. vaginalis in 12 (1.9%) patients. Testing via PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for T. vaginalis. Among the 19 women who tested positive for T. vaginalis according to PCR, 94.7% (18/19) reported vaginal signs and symptoms. Notably, more than 50% of T. vaginalis infections occurred in females younger than 30 years old, and 58% were unmarried. Multiplex PCR, which simultaneously detects pathogens from various sexually transmitted infections, revealed that 91.7% (11/12) of patients were infected with 2 or more pathogens. Mycoplasma hominis was the most prevalent co-infection pathogen with T. vaginalis, followed by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results indicate that PCR and multiplex PCR are the most sensitive tools for T. vaginalis diagnosis, rather than microscopy which has been routinely used to detect T. vaginalis infections in South Korea. Therefore, clinicians should take note of the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infections among adolescent and young women in order to prevent persistent infection and transmission of this disease.

Citations

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    N.E. Portnyagina, A.K. Kvardakova, V.V. Pakhomova, E.G. Gubanova, N.V. Deeva, I.G. Sergeeva
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    Nagarajan L. Surya, Thangamani Suji, Santhosh Rani, Irene Dorathy, Shantidani Minz, Rani Diana Sahni
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Molecular Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Northeastern China
Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Jing Jiang, Ya-Nan Cai, Chun-Feng Wang, Peng Xu, Gui-Lian Yang, Quan Zhao
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):81-85.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.81
A study of 426 rabbits from 3 cities in Jilin province (Changchun City and Jilin City) and Liaoning province (Shenyang City) was conducted between May and June 2015. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in rabbits was 0.94% (4/426), with 0% (0/116), 1.72% (3/174), and 0.74% (1/136) in Jilin, Changchun, and Shenyang City, respectively. Only 3 farms (farm 1 and farm 3 in Changchun City, farm 8 in Shenyang City) were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi. Moreover, rabbits of more than 6 months (1.72%) had the highest E. bieneusi prevalence, followed by rabbits of 4-6 months (1.26%), 2-3 months (0.58%), and less than 1 month (0%). Analysis of ITS gene of E. bieneusi suggested that all 4 E. bieneusi isolates were genotype D, and were classified as group 1a. The present results first demonstrated the existence of zoonotic E. bieneusi in domestic rabbits in China. Effective control measures should be implemented to prevent E. bieneusi infection in domestic rabbits, other animals, and humans.

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    Laura Rego, Sabrina Castro‐Scholten, Carmen Cano, Débora Jiménez‐Martín, Pamela C. Köster, Javier Caballero‐Gómez, Begoña Bailo, Alejandro Dashti, Carolina Hernández‐Castro, David Cano‐Terriza, Fátima Vioque, Jenny G. Maloney, Mónica Santín, Ignacio Garcí
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    Edgar Baz-González, Natalia Martin-Carrillo, Katherine García-Livia, Néstor Abreu-Acosta, Pilar Foronda
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  • 113 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
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Prevalence of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. in Ticks Collected from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Jun-Gu Kang, Sungjin Ko, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Terry A. Klein, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Yong-Sun Jo, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Bae-Keun Park, Jinho Park, Joon-Seok Chae
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):87-91.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.87
Deer serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide. In the Republic of Korea, the population of Korean water deer (KWD, Hydropotes inermis argyropus) has greatly increased from 1982 to 2011, in part, as a result of reforestation programs established following the Korean War when much of the land was barren of trees. Eighty seven Haemaphysalis flava, 228 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 8 Ixodes nipponensis, and 40 Ixodes persulcatus (21 larvae, 114 nymphs, and 228 adults) were collected from 27 out of 70 KWD. A total of 89/363 ticks (266 pools, 24.5% minimum infection rate) and 5 (1.4%) fed ticks were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum using nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 88/89 (98.9%) of positive samples for A. phagocytophilum corresponded to previously described gene sequences from KWD spleen tissues. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 20/363 (5.5%) of the ticks were positive for A. bovis and were identical to previously reported sequences. Using the ITS specific nested PCR, 11/363 (3.0%) of the ticks were positive for Bartonella spp. This is the first report of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. detected in ticks collected from KWD, suggesting that ticks are vectors of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. between reservoir hosts in natural surroundings.

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    Hang Lee, Joon-Seok Chae, Bae-Keun Park, Jinho Park, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Young-Sun Jo, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Jeong-Byoung Chae
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    Min-Goo Seo, In-Ohk Ouh, Eunsang Choi, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
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    Minkyo LEE, Min-Goo SEO, Seung-Hun LEE, In-Ohk OUH, Young-Hoan KIM, Joong-Kew KIM, Youn-Kyoung GOO, Man-Hee RHEE, Tae-Hwan KIM, Oh-Deog KWON, Dongmi KWAK
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  • Molecular detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in ixodid ticks collected from vegetation, Republic of Korea, 2014
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  • Developing and testing a habitat suitability index model for Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and its potential for landscape management decisions in Korea
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among HIV/AIDS Patients in Eastern China
Guoqiang Shen, Xiaoming Wang, Hui Sun, Yaying Gao
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):93-96.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.93
Toxoplasmosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, occurs throughout the world. Human T. gondii infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the population; however, the infection is life-threatening and causes substantial neurologic damage in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-infected persons. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in subjects infected with HIV/AIDS in eastern China. Our findings showed 9.7% prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS patients, which was higher than in intravenous drug users (2.2%) and healthy controls (4.7%), while no significant difference was observed in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody among all participants (P>0.05). Among all HIV/AIDS patients, 15 men (7.7%) and 10 women (15.9%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody; however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody between males and females. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 8.0%, 13.2%, 5.5%, and 0% in patients with normal immune function (CD4+ T-lymphocyte count ≥500 cells/ml), immunocompromised patients (cell count ≥200 and <500 cells/ml), severely immunocompromised patients (cell count ≥50 and <200 cells/ml), and advanced AIDS patients, respectively (cell count <50 cells/ml), while only 3 immunocompromised patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. The results indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients in eastern China, and a preventive therapy for toxoplasmosis may be given to HIV/AIDS patients based on CD4+ T lymphocyte count.

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  • 19 Web of Science
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Serological Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi among Horses in Korea
Seung-Hun Lee, Sun-Hee Yun, Eunsang Choi, Yong-Soo Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Gil-Jae Cho, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):97-101.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.97
Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. The present study assessed the infection status of B. burgdorferi among horses reared in Korea using ELISA and PCR. Between 2009 and 2013, blood samples were collected from 727 horses throughout Korea. Data for each animal including age, gender, breed, and region of sample collection were used for epidemiological analysis. Overall, 38 (5.2%; true prevalence: 5.5%) of 727 horses were seropositive by ELISA. There were statistically significant differences according to breed and region (P<0.001) whose differences might be attributed to the ecology of vector ticks and climate conditions. Using 2 nested PCR, none of the samples tested positive for B. burgdorferi. Thus, a positive ELISA result can indicate only that the tested horse was previously exposed to B. burgdorferi, with no certainty over the time of exposure. Since global warming is likely to increase the abundance of ticks in Korea, continuous monitoring of tick-borne diseases in Korean horses is needed.

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    Sonia Carmen Lopo Costa, Jéssica de Souza Freitas, Fábio Santos Carvalho, Maria Julia Salim Pereira, Matheus Dias Cordeiro, Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca, Márcia Mariza Gomes Jusi, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Alexandre Dias Munhoz
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    Hyun-Ji Seo, A-Tai Truong, Keun-Ho Kim, Ji-Yeon Lim, Subin Min, Heung-Chul Kim, Mi-Sun Yoo, Soon-Seek Yoon, Terry A. Klein, Yun Sang Cho
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    Ömer Demir, Oktay Keskin
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    Hang Lee, Joon-Seok Chae, Bae-Keun Park, Jinho Park, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Young-Sun Jo, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Jeong-Byoung Chae
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    Jong-Myon Bae
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Effects of Disinfectants on Larval Development of Ascaris suum Eggs
Ki-Seok Oh, Geon-Tae Kim, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Sung-Shik Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):103-107.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.103
The
objective
of this study was to evaluate the effects of several different commercial disinfectants on the embryogenic development of Ascaris suum eggs. A 1-ml aliquot of each disinfectant was mixed with approximately 40,000 decorticated or intact A. suum eggs in sterile tubes. After each treatment time (at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min), disinfectants were washed away, and egg suspensions were incubated at 25˚C in distilled water for development of larvae inside. At 3 weeks of incubation after exposure, ethanol, methanol, and chlorohexidin treatments did not affect the larval development of A. suum eggs, regardless of their concentration and treatment time. Among disinfectants tested in this study, 3% cresol, 0.2% sodium hypochlorite and 0.02% sodium hypochlorite delayed but not inactivated the embryonation of decorticated eggs at 3 weeks of incubation, because at 6 weeks of incubation, undeveloped eggs completed embryonation regardless of exposure time, except for 10% povidone iodine. When the albumin layer of A. suum eggs remained intact, however, even the 10% povidone iodine solution took at least 5 min to reasonably inactivate most eggs, but never completely kill them with even 60 min of exposure. This study demonstrated that the treatment of A. suum eggs with many commercially available disinfectants does not affect the embryonation. Although some disinfectants may delay or stop the embryonation of A. suum eggs, they can hardly kill them completely.

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Molecular Description of Macroorchis spinulosus (Digenea: Nanophyetidae) Based on ITS1 Sequences
Eun Jeong Won, Deok-Gyu Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Yong Woon Yun, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Wook Ryang
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):109-112.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.109
We performed a molecular genetic study on the sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA (ITS1 region) gene in 4-day-old adult worms of Macroorchis spinulosus recovered in mice experimentally infected with metacercariae from crayfish in Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. The metacercariae were round, 180 μm in average diameter, encysted with 2 layers of thick walls, but the stylet on the oral sucker was not clearly seen. The adult flukes were oval shape, and 760-820 μm long and 320-450 μm wide, with anterolateral location of 2 large testes. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS1 sequences of 6 M. spinulosus samples showed their distinguished position from other trematode species in GenBank. The most closely resembled group was Paragonimus spp. which also take crayfish or crabs as the second intermediate host. The present study is the first molecular characterization of M. spinulosus and provided a basis for further phylogenetic studies to compare with other trematode fauna in Korea.

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Environmental Contamination by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Eggs in Relation to Slaughterhouses in Urban and Rural Areas in Tunisia
Raja Cha?bane-Banaoues, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Selim M’rad, Habib Mezhoud, Hamouda Babba
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):113-118.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.113
Hydatidosis has become a real concern for health care institutions and animal rearers in Tunisia. The Tunisian endemicity is aggravated by the growing number of dogs and the difficulty of getting rid of contaminated viscera because of the lack of equipment in most slaughterhouses. Therefore, microscopic and molecular tools were applied to evaluate the role of slaughterhouses in canine infection and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) egg dissemination. Exposure risk to E. granulosus s. l. eggs in urban and rural areas was explored in order to implant preventive and adapted control strategies. Microscopic examinations detected taeniid eggs in 152 amongst 553 fecal samples. The copro-PCR demonstrated that 138 of 152 taeniid samples analyzed were positive for E. granulosus s. l. DNA. PCR-RFLP demonstrated that all isolated samples belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.). An important environmental contamination index (25.0%) by E. granulosus s. l. eggs was demonstrated. The average contamination index from the regions around slaughterhouses (23.3%; 95% CI: 17.7-28.9%) was in the same range as detected in areas located far from slaughterhouses (26.0%, 95% CI: 21.3-30.8%). Echinococcosis endemic areas were extended in both rural (29.9%, 95% CI: 24.8-34.9%) and urban locations (18.1%, 95% CI: 13.0-22.9%). The pathogen dissemination is related neither to the presence/absence of slaughterhouses nor to the location in urban or rural areas, but is probably influenced by human activities (home slaughtering) and behavior towards the infected viscera.

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