Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"mice"

Original Articles

The detection of Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infections in BALB/c mice using various techniques: Hae-Ji Kang, Jie Mao, Min-Ju Kim, Keon-Woong Yoon, Gi-Deok Eom, Ki-Back Chu, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):418-427.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23048

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii infections are primarily diagnosed by serological assays, whereas molecular and fluorescence-based techniques are garnering attention for their high sensitivity in detecting these infections. Nevertheless, each detection method has its limitations. The toxoplasmosis detection capabilities of most of the currently available methods have not been evaluated under identical experimental conditions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with various doses of T. gondii ME49. The detection of toxoplasmosis from sera and brain tissues was markedly enhanced in mice subjected to high infection doses (200 and 300 cysts) compared to those subjected to lower doses (10 and 50 cysts) for all the detection methods. Additionally, increased B1 gene expression levels and cyst sizes were observed in the brain tissues of the mice. Importantly, IHC, IF, and ELISA, but not RT-PCR, successfully detected T. gondii infections at the lowest infection dose (10 cysts) in the brain. These findings may prove beneficial while designing experimental methodologies for detecting T. gondii infections in mice.

Citations

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Spatiotemporal Diffusion, Colonization, and Antibody Responses in Susceptible C57BL/6J Mice Orally Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Cysts
Zhao Li, Qi-Shuai Liu, Jun-Jie Hu, Cai-Qin Deng, Tao Li, Wen-Bin Zheng, Xing-Quan Zhu, Feng-Cai Zou
Veterinary Sciences.2025; 12(3): 212. CrossRef
Ivermectin Identified Using a High-Throughput Screening System Exhibits Anti-Clonorchis sinensis Activity in Rats
Soon-Ok Lee, Hyeryon Lee, Ki Back Chu, Jianhua Li, Sung-Jong Hong, Sung Soo Kim, Joo Hwan No, Fu-Shi Quan
Antibiotics.2025; 14(8): 837. CrossRef
Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing MIC8, AMA1, or RON4 induce protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain infection
Hae-Ji Kang, Fu-Shi Quan
Acta Tropica.2025; 270: 107812. CrossRef
Protective Efficacy Induced by Virus-like Particles Expressing Dense Granule Protein 5 of Toxoplasma gondii
Su In Heo, Hae-Ji Kang, Jie Mao, Zhao-Shou Yang, Md Atique Ahmed, Fu-Shi Quan
Vaccines.2025; 13(8): 787. CrossRef
Vaccinia virus expressing MIC8 and AMA1 provides protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infection
Hae-Ji Kang, Yan Jin, Zhao-Shou Yang, Md Atique Ahmed, Fu-Shi Quan
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(4): 340. CrossRef

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C3H/He Mice as an Incompatible Cholangiocarcinoma Model by Clonorchis sinensis, Dicyclanil and N-Nitrosodimethylamine: Md. Hafiz Uddin, Shunyu Li, Yan Jin, Min-Ho Choi, Ja June Jang, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):281-289.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.281

Clonorchis sinensis is a Group-I bio-carcinogen, associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The hamster is the only experimental model of C. sinensis-mediated CCA, but we oblige another animal model. The present study intended to develop a C. sinensis (Cs) mediated CCA model using C3H/He mice, co-stimulated with N-nitrosodimethyl-amine (NDMA) and dicyclanil (DC). The mice were divided into 8 groups with different combinations of Cs, NDMA, and DC. Six months later the mice were sacrificed and subjected to gross and histopathological examination. The body weights were significantly reduced among the groups treated with 2 or more agents (eg. Cs+NDMA, Cs+DC, NDMA+DC, and Cs+NDMA+DC). In contrast, liver weight percentages to body weight were increased in above groups by 4.1% to 4.7%. A Change of the spleen weight was observed only in Cs+NDMA group. Though C. sinensis infection is evident from hyperplastic changes, only 1 worm was recovered. T wo mice, 1 from Cs and the other from Cs+DC group, showed mass forming lesions; 1 (281.2 mm3) from the Cs group was a hepatocellular adenoma and the other (280.6 mm3) from the Cs+DC group was a cystic mass (peliosis). Higher prevalence of gray-white nodules was observed in Cs group (42.9%) followed by Cs+NDMA+DC group (21.4%). The mice of the Cs+NDMA+DC group showed hyper-proliferation of the bile duct with fibrotic changes. No characteristic change for CCA was recognized in any of the groups. In conclusion, C3H/He mice produce no CCA but extensive fibrosis when they are challenged by Cs, NDMA, and DC together.

Citations

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Study of gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma patients
O. S. Fedorova, A. Е. Kovshirina, T. S. Sokolova, V. V. Kulenich, L. M. Ogorodova
Bulletin of Siberian Medicine.2025; 24(1): 105. CrossRef
Opisthorchis Felineus Infection is a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma in Western Siberia: A Hospital-based Case-control Study
Olga S Fedorova, Anna E Kovshirina, Yulia V Kovshirina, Jan Hattendorf, Sergey V Onishchenko, Ludmila L Katanakhova, Stanislav S Taslicki, Andrey V Chizhikov, Ilya A Tataurov, Sergey V Vtorushin, Banchob Sripa, Ludmila M Ogorodova, Peter Odermatt
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2023; 76(3): e1392. CrossRef
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Maria Y. Pakharukova, Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1306. CrossRef
The Overactivation of NADPH Oxidase during Clonorchis sinensis Infection and the Exposure to N-Nitroso Compounds Promote Periductal Fibrosis
Ji Hoon Jeong, Junyeong Yi, Myung Ki Hwang, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tong-Soo Kim, Jhang Ho Pak
Antioxidants.2021; 10(6): 869. CrossRef
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A. E. Kovshirina, O. S. Fedorova, Y. V. Kovshirina, S. V. Onishchenko, S. S. Taslicki, L. L. Katanakhova, A. V. Chizhikov, I. A. Tataurov, L. M. Ororodova
Bulletin of Siberian Medicine.2020; 19(1): 150. CrossRef
TLR2 signal influences the iNOS/NO responses and worm development in C57BL/6J mice infected with Clonorchis sinensis
Qing-Li Yang, Ji-Qing Shen, Zhi-Hua Jiang, Yun-Liang Shi, Xiao-Ling Wan, Yi-Chao Yang
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Leishmania tropica infection, in comparison to Leishmania major, induces lower delayed type hypersensitivity in BALB/c mice: Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(2):103-109.
Published online June 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.103

Abstract
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Leishmania tropica and L. major are etiologic agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is an immunologic response that has been frequently used as a correlate for protection against or sensitization to leishmania antigen. In BALB/c mice, L. tropica infection results in non-ulcerating disease, whereas L. major infection results in destructive lesions. In order to clarify the immunologic mechanisms of these 2 different outcomes, we compared the ability of these 2 leishmania species in induction of DTH response in this murine model. BALB/c mice were infected with L. major or L. tropica, and disease evolution and DTH responses were determined. The results show that the primary L. major infection can exacerbate the secondary L. major infection and is associated with DTH response. Higher doses of the primary L. major infection result in more disease exacerbation of the secondary L. major infection as well as higher DTH response. L. tropica infection induces lower DTH responses than L. major. We have previously reported that the primary L. tropica infection induces partial protection against the secondary L. major infection in BALB/c mice. Induction of lower DTH response by L. tropica suggests that the protection induced against L. major by prior L. tropica infection may be due to suppression of DTH response.

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Vaccination with whole-cell killed or recombinant leishmanial protein and toll-like receptor agonists against Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice
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Route of Infection Affects Pathogenicity of Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice
Ehsan Sarreshteh, Mosayeb Rostamian, Mahsa Tat Asadi, Firoozeh Abrishami, Ali Najafi, Maryam Abolghazi, Hamid Mahmoudzadeh Niknam
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The Route of Leishmania tropica Infection Determines Disease Outcome and Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice
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Clarisa B Palatnik-de-Sousa, André de Figueiredo Barbosa, Sandra Maria Oliveira, Dirlei Nico, Robson Ronney Bernardo, Wania R Santos, Mauricio M Rodrigues, Irene Soares, Gulnara P Borja-Cabrera
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Viscerotropic growth pattern of Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice is suggestive of a murine model for human viscerotropic leishmaniasis
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani
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Brief Communication

Susceptibility of experimental animals to reinfection with Clonorchis sinensis: Woon-Mok Sohn, Hongman Zhang, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):163-166.
Published online June 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.163

Abstract
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The present study observed the resistance to reinfection with Clonorchis sinensis in various experimental animals including mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs, as well as rats and hamsters. The resistance rates to reinfection in rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs were 79.7%, 58.0%, -12.6%, 54.8%, 62.6%, and 6.0%, respectively. Worms recovered from reinfected rats and mice were immature, and significantly smaller than those from the primarily infected (P < 0.01), whereas those from other animals were fully matured to adults. These findings indicate that the protective response against reinfection with C. sinensis is prominent in rats and mice, and that they may be a good animal model to investigate the mechanism of resistance to reinfection with C. sinensis.

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Original Articles

Effects of combined therapy with thalidomide and glucantime on leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice: Ghassem Solgi, Amina Kariminia, Khossro Abdi, Majid Darabi, Behnaz Ghareghozloo; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):55-61.
Published online March 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.55

Abstract
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For treating Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice, we used thalidomide in conjunction with glucantime. Groups of mice were challenged with 5 × 10³ metacyclic promastigotes of L. major subcutaneously. A week after the challenge, drug treatment was started and continued for 12 days. Thalidomide was orally administrated 30 mg/kg/day and glucantime was administrated intraperitoneally (200 mg/kg/day). It was shown that the combined therapy is more effective than single therapies with each one of the drugs since the foot pad swelling in the group of mice received thalidomide and glucantime was significantly decreased (0.9 ± 0.2 mm) compared to mice treated with either glucantime, thalidomide, or carrier alone (1.2 ± 0.25, 1.4 ± 0.3, and 1.7 ± 0.27 mm, respectively). Cytokine study showed that the effect of thalidomide was not dependent on IL-12; however, it up-regulated IFN-γ and down-regulated IL-10 production. Conclusively, thalidomide seems promising as a conjunctive therapy with antimony in murine model of visceral leishmaniasis.

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Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Pathogenesis and Drug Repurposing through Systems Biology
Fatemeh Saberi, Zeinab Dehghan, Zahra Taheri, Tayyebeh Pilehchi, Hakimeh Zali
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A standardized intraperitoneal Glucantime™ for experimental treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis in BALB/c mice
Aline Ávila Brustolin, Nathália Martins Franzói, Áquila Carolina Fernandes Herculano Ramos-Milaré, Cínthia Akemi Tanoshi, Camila Alves Mota, Izabel Galhardo Demarchi, Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira
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Effect of Synergism of Thalidomide and Liposomal Amphotericin-B on Leishmania tropica and Leishmania donovani Promastigote
Nasma I. Al-Mamary, Haitham L. Al-Hayali
Bionatura.2022; 7(2): 1. CrossRef
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Alexandre C. Santana, Sabrina Degaspari, Sergio Catanozi, Humberto Dellê, Larissa de Sá Lima, Cleonice Silva, Paula Blanco, Kim Solez, Cristoforo Scavone, Irene L. Noronha
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Shraddha A. Sane, Nishi Shakya, Suman Gupta
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(2): 376. CrossRef
Potential utility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and propolis in enhancing the leishmanicidal activity of glucantime
Diana Copi Ayres, Thiago Antonio Fedele, Maria Cristina Marcucci, Selma Giorgio
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Susceptibility of several strains of mice to Echinostoma hortense infection: Kyu-Jae Lee, Seung Kyu Park, Jee Aee Im, Soo Kie Kim, Geun Ha Kim, Gwang Young Kim, Eun Ju Yang, Yong-Suk Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(2):51-56.
Published online June 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.51

Abstract
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Susceptibilities of 5 different mice strains, including C3H/HeN, BALB/c, C57BL6, FvB and ICR, to Echinostoma hortense infection, was evaluated. The worm expulsion rate, worm size and egg production were observed from 1 to 8 weeks after infection with 30 metacercariae. C3H/HeN and ICR mice showed the highest worm maturation rates. The worm recovery rate and the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was also higher in C3H/HeN and ICR mice than in BALB/c, C57BL6, and FvB mice. It is suggested that E. hortense is highly infectious to ICR and C3H/HeN mice, but not to the other strains of mice. Based on the results obtained, we believe that the susceptibility of different mouse strains to E. hortense infection is dependent on the genetic and immunologic background of mice.

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Laboratory passage and characterization of an isolate of Toxoplasma gondii from an ocular patient in Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Aifen Lin, Eun-Hee Shin, Myoung-Don Oh, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Woo Nam, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(3):147-154.
Published online September 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.3.147

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were isolated from the blood of an ocular patient, and have been successfully passaged in the laboratory, for over a year, by peritoneal inoculation in mice. The isolated parasite was designated the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) and its characteristics were compared with those of the RH strain, a well-known virulent strain originating from a child who suffered from encephalitis. The morphology, pathogenicity, infectivity and cell culture characteristics of the KI-1 were similar to those of the RH strain. Both RH and KI-1 antigens were detected by an anti-T. gondii monoclonal antibody (mAb), Tg563, against the major surface protein SAG1 (30 kDa), whereas no reaction was observed against an anti-Neospora caninum mAb, 12B4. The KI-1 was confirmed as an isolate of T. gondii. A long-term laboratory maintenance and characterization of a local T. gondii isolate is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea.

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Mini Review

A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea: Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(2):85-118.
Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.2.85

Abstract
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Studies on Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections are briefly reviewed. This minute intestinal fluke was first discovered from a Korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal troubles. It was described as a new species by Lee, Chai and Hong in 1993. The southwestern coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area, and additional endemic areas have been identified. The parasite is very small, 0.33-0.50 mm long and 0.23-0.33 mm wide, and characterized by the presence of a ventral pit. The first intermediate host remains unknown, but the second intermediate host has been found to be the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Man and the Palearctic oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus have been shown to be natural definitive hosts, and wading birds including the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus are highly susceptible to experimental infection. Gerbils, hamsters, cats, and several strains of mice were also susceptible laboratory hosts. In experimentally infected mice, the parasites inhabit the small intestine, pinching and sucking the root of villi with their large oral suckers, but they did not invade beyond the mucosa in immunocompetent mice. However, they were found to invade the submucosa in immunosuppressed mice. Human G. seoi infections have been found in at least 25 localities; 23 islands on the Yellow Sea or the South Sea, and 2 western coastal villages. The highest prevalence was found in a village on Aphaedo, Shinan-gun (49% egg positive rate); other areas showed 0.8-25.3% prevalence. Infected people complained of variable degrees of gastrointestinal troubles and indigestion. The infection can be diagnosed by recovery of eggs in the feces; however, an expert is needed to identify the eggs. Praziquantel, 10 mg/kg in single dose, is effective for treatment of human infections. Eating raw oysters in endemic areas should be avoided.

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Original Articles

Identification of newly isolated Babesia parasites from cattle in Korea by using the Bo-RBC-SCID mice: Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Masayoshi Tsuji, Chiaki Ishihara, Jong-Taek Kim, Sung-Hwan Wee, Chung-Gil Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(1):33-40.
Published online March 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.1.33

Abstract
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Attempts were made to isolate and identify Korean bovine Babesia parasite. Blood samples were collected from Holstein cows in Korea, and Babesia parasites were propagated in SCID mice with circulating bovine red blood cells for isolation. The isolate was then antigenically and genotypically compared with several Japanese isolates. The Korean parasite was found to be nearly identical to the Oshima strain isolated from Japanese cattle, which was recently designated as Babesia ovata oshimensis n. var. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most probable tick species that transmited the parasite.

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Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2007; 45(6): 2084. CrossRef

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Intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi in experimentally infected mice: Jong-Yil Chai, Hong-Soon Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Jae Hyung Yoo, Sang-Mee Guk, Min Seo, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):31-41.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.31

Abstract
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The intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) were studied using C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice as experimental hosts; the effects of immunosuppression were also observed. The metacercariae isolated from naturally infected oysters, 300 or 1,000 in number, were infected orally to each mouse, and the mice were killed at days 3-21 post-infection (PI). In immunocompetent (IC) mice, only a small number of flukes were found in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum during days 3-7 PI, with their large oral suckers pinching and sucking the root of villi. The intestinal mucosa showed mild villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammations in the villous stroma and crypt, with remarkable goblet cell hyperplasia. These mucosal changes were almost restored after days 14-21 PI. In immunosuppressed (IS) mice, displacement as well as complete loss of villi adjacent to the flukes was frequently encountered, otherwise the histopathology was generally mild, with minimal goblet cell hyperplasia. In these mice, numerous flukes were found, and it seemed that they were actively moving and rotating in situ. Several flukes were found to have invaded into the submucosa, almost facing the serosa. These results indicate that in IC mice the intestinal histopathology caused by G. seoi is generally mild, and the flukes do not penetrate beyond the mucosa, however, in IS mice, the flukes can cause severe destruction of neighboring villi, and some of them invade into the submucosa.

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Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Yue Huang, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Guoqing Li
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Olfat A. Mahdy, Sahar Z. Abdel‐Maogood, Mohamed Abdelsalam, Mohamed Shaalan, Hisham A. Abdelrahman, Mai A. Salem
Aquaculture Research.2021; 52(9): 4475. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection on Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 39. CrossRef
A case of colonic lymphoid tissue invasion by Gymnophalloides seoi in a Korean man
Min Seo, Hokyung Chun, Geunghwan Ahn, Kee-Taek Jang, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 87. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef

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Rodent model for long-term maintenance and development of the viable cysticerci of Taenia saginata asiatica: I.C. Wang, W.C. Chung, S.C. Lu, P.C. Fan; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(4):237-244.
Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.237

Abstract
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Although oncospheres of Taenia saginata asiatica can develop into cysticerci in immunodeficiency, immunosuppressed, and normal mice, no detailed information on the development features of these cysticerci from SCID mice is available. In the present study, the tumor-like cyst was found in the subcutaneous tissues of each of 10 SCID mice after 38-244 days inoculation with 39,000 oncospheres of T. s. asiatica. These cysts weighed 2.0-9.6 gm and were 1.5-4.3 cm in diameter. The number of cysticerci were collected from these cysts ranged from 125 to 1,794 and the cysticercus recovery rate from 0.3% to 4.6%. All cysticerci were viable with a diameter of 1-6 mm and 9 abnormal ones each with 2 evaginated protoscoleces were also found. The mean length and width of scolex, protoscolex, and bladder were 477 × 558, 756 × 727, and 1,586 × 1,615 ?m, respectively. The diameters of suckers and rostellum were 220 ?m and 70 ?m, respectively. All cysticerci had two rows of rostellar hooks. These findings suggest that the SCID mouse model can be employed as a tool for long-term maintenance of the biological materials for advanced studies of immunodiagnosis, vaccine development, and evaluation of cestocidal drugs which would be most benefit for the good health of the livestocks.

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Brief Communication

Towards developing a diagnostic regimen for the treatment follow-up of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: Peter A. Mbati, Kazuko Hirumi, Noboru Inoue, Nanituma H. Situakibanza, Hiroyuki Hirumi; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(4):289-292.
Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.289

Abstract
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BALB/c mice infected with a high virulent strain of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense IL3707 were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with either Melarsoprol (Mel-B) or PSG(+) buffer as controls. The mice were subsequently monitored regularly for parasites by direct microscopic examination of their tail blood or buffy coat and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mel-B was found to be an effective drug for treatment against T.b. gambiense because at the end of the first treatment schedule, all treated mice were negative for parasites even by PCR, while all the control animals were positive. Three of the five Mel-B treated mice, while parasitologically negative, were PCR positive between 53 and 80 days post infection (DPI), indicating that they still harbored an infection. All treated mice were subsequently negative for parasites even by PCR at 88 DPI. A combination of conventional microscopic examination and PCR offers a good prediction of cure following treatment of trypanosomosis.

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Stijn Deborggraeve, Veerle Lejon, Rosine Ali Ekangu, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Patient Pati Pyana, Médard Ilunga, Jean Pierre Mulunda, Philippe Büscher, Serap Aksoy
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Clinical Infectious Diseases.2008; 47(1): 15. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Eosinophil and IgE responses of IL-5 transgenic mice experimentally infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Kiyoshi Takatsu, Naoki Matsumoto, Somei Kojima; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):93-99.
Published online June 20, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.93

Abstract
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Eosinophil and IgE responses of interleukin (IL)-5 transgenic and normal C3H/HeN mice were studied after experimental infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). Intestinal worms were recovered at day 5 post-infection (PI), and numbers of total white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils, and total serum IgE and anti-hapten (dinitrophenyl) (DNP) specific IgE titers, were measured at days 0, 14 and 21 PI. IL-5 mice appeared resistant to Nb infection showing a significantly lower worm recovery rate than normal mice (P<0.05). Total WBC and eosinophil counts (/mm³) were significantly increased in Nb infected normal mice (P<0.05), but unchanged (total WBC) or decreased (eosinophils) in IL-5 mice at day 21 PI. The total serum IgE level remarkably increased in normal mice, but only a little in IL-5 mice at days 14 and 21 PI. Priming with DNP brought about more remarkable increases of the total and anti-DNP specific IgE in normal mice than in IL-5 mice. The results show that IL-5 mice are resistant to Nb infection, and that eosinophil and IgE responses in these mice are not augmented by Nb infection.

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In vivo neutralization of α4 and β7 integrins inhibits eosinophil trafficking and prevents lung injury during tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in mice
Pankaj Sharma, Aditi Sharma, Mrigank Srivastava
European Journal of Immunology.2017; 47(9): 1501. CrossRef

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Age-dependent resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection in golden hamsters and mice: Jae Ku Rhee, Wang Su So, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):33-37.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.33

Abstract
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An age-dependent aspect of resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection was monitored in Syrian golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, at 1-, 5- and 10-week of age and in ICR mice, Mus musculus, at 3-, 12-, and 15-week of age orally inoculated with a single dose of 2×10⁶ oocysts, respectively. The prepatent periods for both animals were similar, independent of age, but the patency was significantly longer in younger hamsters (P<0.001) and a long tendency in younger mice. Hamsters infected at 1-week of age excreted about 10 times higher oocysts than those at 5- and 10-week of age. However, the total oocyst output was similar among mice of different ages. There was a good correlation between the length of the patency and the total oocyst output in hamsters (R=0.9646), but not in mice (R=0.4561). The immunogenicity of the parasite to homologous challenge infections was very strong in hamsters and relatively strong in mice. These results indicate that acquired resistance to C. muris infection is age-related and the innate resistance is independent of age of hamsters, and that both innate and acquired resistance, on the contrary, are irrespective of age of mice.

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Totta Ehret, Francesca Torelli, Christian Klotz, Amy B. Pedersen, Frank Seeber
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Xunde Li, Maria das Graças Cabral Pereira, Royce Larsen, Chengling Xiao, Ralph Phillips, Karl Striby, Brenda McCowan, Edward R. Atwill
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The Lesser Egyptian Gerbil (Gerbillus gerbillus) is a suitable host for the long-term propagation of Cryptosporidium andersoni
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Growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed C3H/HeN mice: Jong-Yil Chai, Won-Jae Chung, Jina Kook, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):21-26.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.21

Abstract
PDF

The growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi were studied in C3H/HeN mice and effects of immunosuppression of the host on the worm development were observed. Two hundred metacercariae of G. seoi were orally administered to each mouse, and worms were recovered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (PI). The worm recovery rate was significantly higher in immunosuppressed (ImSP) mice than in immunocompetent (ImCT) mice except on days 1 and 3 PI. The worms attained sexual maturity by day 3 PI with eggs in the uterus, and worm dimensions and the number of uterine eggs continuously increased until day 14 PI in ImSP mice. Worms recovered from ImSP mice were significantly larger in size than those from ImCT mice on days 1 and 3 PI, and the number of uterine eggs was significantly larger in ImSP mice on days 5 and 7 PI. Genital organs such as the ovary, testes, and vitellaria, that were already developed in the metacercarial stage, grew a little in size until day 14 PI. The results show that the C3H/HeN mouse is, though not excellent, a suitable laboratory host for G. seoi.

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Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
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Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
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Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef
Intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi in experimentally infected mice
Jong-Yil Chai, Hong-Soon Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Jae Hyung Yoo, Sang-Mee Guk, Min Seo, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(1): 31. CrossRef