Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"seroprevalence"

Brief Communication

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Hunan Province, subtropical China: Xing-Xing Wen, Zhuying Liu, Ping-Yuan Xu; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):248-253.
Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25030

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii infections are ubiquitous in both animals and humans. Although seroprevalence data exist for pet dogs across multiple Chinese provinces, limited epidemiological information is available for T. gondii infection in pet dogs in subtropical China’s Hunan Province. We examined T. gondii antibodies in pet dogs from Hunan Province using the indirect hemagglutination test. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with T. gondii infection (season, sex, age, breed, and location). The overall seroprevalence was 10.8% (95% confidence interval (CI)=9.0–12.6) (118/1,092), with regional variations ranging from 8.0% (95% CI=4.2–11.8) to 21.1% (95% CI=8.1–34.0). Antibody titers followed a descending distribution: 42.3% (1:64), 30.5% (1:128), 20.3% (1:256), 5.1% (1:512), and 1.7% (1:1,024). The multivariate analysis identified the season (highest in summer: odds ratio=2.0, 95% CI=1.2–3.4) and age (>3 years: odds ratio=2.8, 95% CI=1.5–5.3) as factors independently associated with the outcome (P<0.05). These finding revealed the high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Hunan Province, subtropical China, highlighting the risk of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control toxoplasmosis in pet dogs in this province.

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Original Articles

Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study: Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):181-185.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.181

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is not endemic in the Republic of Korea (Korea) with a positivity rate of <1% in stool examination. However, there is a risk of hyperinfection in immunosuppressed individuals. It is necessary to determine the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in Korea. This study investigated the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in the southeastern area of Korea. From January 2019 to June 2021, serum samples were collected from participants who visited the study center in the southeastern region of Korea for routine health check-ups. We determined serum levels of specific anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies in 834 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed that 92 samples (11.0%) tested showed a positive response. The age of the participants was 51±10.7 years, and 43.4% of them were men. The antibody positivity rate based on the location of the participants’ residence were 12.3% (Gyoungsangnam-do), 10.2% (Busan), and 10.1% (Ulsan), respectively. Total eosinophil count was associated with positive test results (154.8±152.0 per mm³ versus 202.1±178.9 per mm³, P=0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that blood eosinophil count, age above 50 years, and residence in Sacheon were factors associated with the positive status of S. stercoralis antibody. Our finding suggests that it is necessary to test for S. stercoralis in actual clinical settings in Korea.

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Screening for strongyloidiasis among selected populations in Taiwan: Prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes
Sung-Hsi Huang, Yen-Lin Chen, Hao-Yu Lin, Aristine Cheng, Lih-Yu Chang, Yi-Chia Huang, Po-Hsien Kuo, Yueh-Feng Wen, Chia-Jung Liu, Chia-Hao Chang, Wei-Shun Yang, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Pin-Ru Chu, Chi-Wei Tseng, Yi-Ching Su, Li-Hsin Su, Li-Ta Keng, Chi-Ying Lin
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 66: 102866. CrossRef
A silent threat behind bars: Serosurvey and associated risk factors for strongyloidiasis in female inmates and correctional officers
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Gabriel Luís Brucinski Pinto, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Juliano Ribeiro, Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach
Acta Tropica.2024; 257: 107301. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Tissue and Luminal Helminths among Patients in Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam, 2018: Nguyen Van De, Pham Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Ngoc Bich, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):387-392.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.387

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A serological survey was performed using ELISA to estimate the prevalence of tissue and luminal helminthic infections among hospital patients in Hanoi region, Vietnam. An overall seroprevalence of tissue and luminal helminthiases was 64.0% (95% CI 61.2-66.8) among 1,120 patients who visited Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam in 2018. The highest seroprevalence was observed against Toxocara spp. (59.0%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (46.3%), Gnathostoma spp. (25.5%), cysticercus (12.8%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (10.5%), Fasciola spp. (11.1%), and Clonorchis sinensis (8.7%). Mono-infection by one species (11.1%) was lower than multiple infections (53.0%) (P<0.05). The seroprevalence in males (59.3%) was lower than in females (66.2%) but not statistically significant (P>0.05). Children (<15 years) revealed lower seroprevalence (34.0%) than adults (68.4%), and the age group 51-70 years revealed the highest seroprevalence (76.0%). Among the seropositive patients, eosinophilia (≥8.0%) was noted in 80.2%. The present results suggested active transmission of various tissue and luminal helminths among people in Hanoi, Vietnam.

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human fascioliasis in Yen Bai and Thanh Hoa provinces, Vietnam
Thao Thi Bich Nguyen, Hafid Dahma, Veronique Dermauw, Dung Thi Bui, Bertrand Losson, Pierre Dorny, Dung Trung Do, Olivier Vandenberg
Parasitology International.2026; 112: 103219. CrossRef
Toxocara seroprevalence among suspected patients across different geographical regions in Vietnam: A retrospective study
Trinh Thi Que, Tran Van Chieu, Trieu Thuy Anh, Pham Van Ngai, Pham Van Tran, Nguyen Thai Son, Do Ngoc Anh
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study
Thieu V Ha, Tien T N Vo, Duy K H Dang, Y M L Tran, Thanh V Kim, Duc H Le, Lan-Anh T Do, Hong K Tang
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2024; 118(6): 384. CrossRef
Fasciola spp. in Southeast Asia: A systematic review
Vinh Hoang Quang, Bruno Levecke, Dung Do Trung, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Binh Vu Thi Lam, Kathy Goossens, Katja Polman, Steven Callens, Pierre Dorny, Veronique Dermauw, Krystyna Cwiklinski
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(1): e0011904. CrossRef
Fascioliasis, una zoonosis emergente en Perú y el mundo: factores asociados a la infección en niños de edad escolar
A. Valderrama–Pomé
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Strongyloides in Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with implications for public health and sustainable control strategies
Abigail Hui En Chan, Teera Kusolsuk, Dorn Watthanakulpanich, Wallop Pakdee, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Azlin Mohd Yasin, Paron Dekumyoy, Urusa Thaenkham
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mohammad Al-Awadhi, Wafaa Jamal
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2022; 18: e00260. CrossRef
Human Fascioliasis: Current Epidemiological Status and Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control

Maria Alejandra Caravedo, Miguel Cabada
Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine.2020; Volume 11: 149. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea: Yeojin Park, Jinhyeong Noh, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Bo-Ram Yun, Jong-Ho Kim, Eun-Jin Choi, Doo-Sung Cheon, Sung-Jong Hong, Soon-Seek Yoon, Yun Sang Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):257-265.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.257

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The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

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Min-Goo Seo, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(1): 66. CrossRef
Prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 182. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii in owned and stray dogs from a Northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil: Seroprevalence and geospatial distribution from a One Health perspective
Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata, Jessica Priscilla Barboza, Fernanda Follis Tasso, Tainara Souza Pinho, Tiago Henrique, Janine Fusco Alves, Carlos Alexandre Guimarães de Souza, Daniel Abrahão, Ubirajara Leoncy de Lavor, Luiz Carlos de Mattos, Chunlei Su,
One Health.2025; 21: 101222. CrossRef
A 20-year serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs with neuromuscular disorders from urban areas in Argentina
María Laura Gos, María Cecilia Venturini, Lorena De Felice, Andrea Dellarupe, Magdalena Rambeaud, Lais Pardini, Lucía María Campero, Mariana Bernstein, Diana Bacigalupe, Walter Basso, Gastón Moré, Juan Manuel Unzaga
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 330: 110235. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in shelter cats in Erzurum province of Turkey
Başak HANEDAN, Cahit BABÜR, Muhammed Sertaç EROĞLU, Selin Sinem SÜMBÜL, Ömer ALKAN
Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi.2023; 34(2): 151. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Measured by Western Blot, ELISA and DNA Analysis, by PCR, in Cats of Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Claudia Charles-Niño, César Pedroza-Roldán, Carolina Salazar-Reveles, Karen Lissete Ocampo-Figueroa, Laura Roció Rodríguez-Pérez, Varinia Margarita Paez-Magallán
Pathogens.2022; 11(1): 109. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in outdoor dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand
Ana Huertas-López, Woraporn Sukhumavasi, Gema Álvarez-García, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, David Cano-Terriza, Sonia Almería, Jitender P. Dubey, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, José Joaquín Cerón, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
Parasitology.2021; 148(7): 843. CrossRef
Genetic Analysis of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia in Shelter Cats in South Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Pathogens.2020; 9(11): 894. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among School Children in Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Upper Myanmar: Th? Lam Th?i, Hojong Jun, Seo-Hye Park, H??ng Giang L?, Jinyoung Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jung-Mi Kang, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Woo Nam, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):303-308.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.303

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Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis in a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. In this study, we analyzed seroprevalence of T. gondii among 467 school children living in the rural areas of Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii among school children was 23.5%; 22.5% of children were positive for T. gondii IgG, 0.4% of children were positive for T. gondii IgM, and 0.6% of children were positive for both T. gondii IgG and IgM. Geographical factors did not significantly affect the seroprevalence frequency between Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. No significant difference was found between males (22.2%) and females (25.0%). The overall seroprevalence among school children differed by ages (10 years old [13.6%], 11-12 years old [19.8%], 13-14 years old [24.6%], and 15-16 years old [28.0%]), however, the result was not significant. Polymerase chain reaction analysis for T. gondii B1 gene for IgG-positive and IgM-positive blood samples were negative, indicating no direct evidence of active infection. These results collectively suggest that T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar was relatively high. Integrated and improved strategies including reinforced education on toxoplasmosis should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar.

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A pre-existing Toxoplasma gondii infection exacerbates the pathophysiological response and extent of brain damage after traumatic brain injury in mice
Tamara L. Baker, David K. Wright, Alessandro D. Uboldi, Christopher J. Tonkin, Anh Vo, Trevor Wilson, Stuart J. McDonald, Richelle Mychasiuk, Bridgette D. Semple, Mujun Sun, Sandy R. Shultz
Journal of Neuroinflammation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study
Nay Hein Sint, Ye Minn Htun, Tun Tun Win, Aye Sandar Mon, Thant Zaw Lwin, Lwin Oo Maung, Pyae Sone Win, Kaung Myat Naing, Thet Paing Zaw, Pyae Hpone Naing, Sai Nyan Lin Tun, Aung Aye Kyaw, Kyaw Wunna, Khine Khine Su, Kyaw Myo Tun, Atef Oreiby
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284352. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii in lactating animals: potential risk to milk consuming population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
S. Khan, K. Rafiq, M. N. Khabir, M. B. Khan, S. N. Khan, A. Khattak, S. Attaullah
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance
Mian Abdul Hafeez, Muntazir Mehdi, Faiza Aslam, Kamran Ashraf, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Abdur Rauf Khalid, Adeel Sattar, Syeda Fakhra Waheed, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Omar Obaid Alharbi, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Umer Chaudhry, Mashal M. Almutairi
Pathogens.2022; 11(4): 437. CrossRef
Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bahman Maleki, Nayebali Ahmadi, Meysam Olfatifar, Mohammad Gorgipour, Ali Taghipour, Amir Abdoli, Ali Khorshidi, Masoud Foroutan, Aliyar Mirzapour
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2021; 115(5): 471. CrossRef
Potential linkage between Toxoplasma gondii infection and physical education scores of college students
Jun Cai, Zhijin Sheng, Yu Jin, Yinan Du, Xinlei Yan, Yong Yao, Musa Hassan
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(3): e0241653. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in household cats in Myanmar and molecular identification of parasites using feline faecal oocysts
Saw Bawm, Aye Zar Phyu, Hla Myet Chel, Lat Lat Htun, Ryo Nakao, Ken Katakura
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2020; 20: e00094. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged women in Myanmar and evaluation of luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay
Khin Myo Aye, Eiji Nagayasu, Myat Htut Nyunt, Ni Ni Zaw, Kyaw Zin Thant, Myat Phone Kyaw, Haruhiko Maruyama
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Serological Detection of Antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in Cattle Reared in the Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea: Min-Goo Seo, In-Ouh Ouh, Seung-Hun Lee, Ui-Han Son, Paul John L. Geraldino, Man Hee Rhee, Oh-Deog Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):287-290.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.287

Abstract
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Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne, non-contagious, zoonotic disease caused by Anaplasma spp., which include Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. ovis, and A. bovis. Recently, in Korea, the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. has been investigated in some animals, such as dogs, horses, goats, cats, and Korean water deer. In cattle, A. marginale is the most virulent species and regarded as the typical type of species. However, data on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in cattle in Korea during the last decade is limited. This study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Korea. From 2010 to 2013, blood samples were collected from 568 cattle. Forty animals (7.0%) tested seropositive for Anaplasma spp. by cELISA. Despite that current bovine anaplasmosis seropositivity rate in the Gyeongsangbuk-do is lower than those in tropical countries, anaplasmosis needs to be regarded as a concerning disease. The identification of the specific Anaplasma species infecting cattle in this province requires additional molecular studies. Moreover, further monitoring and control programs for bovine anaplasmosis is required, and the information from this study will be beneficial to develop these programs.

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Prevalence of Anaplasma Spp. and Theileria Spp. Antigens and Antibodies in Housed and Grazing Korean Indigenous Cattle
Ji-Yeong Ku, Youngwoo Jung, Youngjun Kim, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Jinho Park
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Indian cattle and buffaloes
Laxmi N Sarangi, Hemanjali Mulpuri, Samir K Rana, Amitesh Prasad, Ponnanna N Muthappa
Journal of Vector Borne Diseases.2023; 60(3): 259. CrossRef
Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India
Laxmi Narayan Sarangi, Samir Kumar Rana, Amitesh Prasad, Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna, Girish Kumar Sharma
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(2): 359. CrossRef
Anaplasmosis in Animals
A. Karlsen, B. Vojtek, J. Mojžišová, M. Prokeš, M. Drážovská
Folia Veterinaria.2020; 64(4): 17. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: Honglie Hou, Lili Cao, Wenzhi Ren, Dansheng Wang, He Ding, Juan You, Xinhua Yao, Hang Dong, Yanbing Guo, Shuxian Yuan, Xichen Zhang, Pengtao Gong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):673-677.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.673

Abstract
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The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Dirofilaria immitis infection in cats from Liaoning province, northeastern China. From October 2014 to September 2016, sera of 651 cats, including 364 domestic cats and 287 feral cats (332 females and 319 males) were assessed. They were tested for the presence of D. immitis antigen using SNAP Heartworm RT test kit. In this population, the average prevalence was 4.5%. Age and rearing conditions (feral or domestic) were found to be associated with the prevalence of D. immitis. The prevalence was significantly higher in feral cats compared with domestic cats (8.4% vs 1.4%, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between males and females (4.7% vs 4.2%, P>0.05), but older cats (≥3 years old) showed a statistically higher prevalence compared with younger cats (<3 years old) in feral populations (16.8 vs 2.4%, P<0.01), while the difference between the age groups was not statistically significant in domestic cats (2.4% vs 0.51%, P>0.05), all these results suggest that outdoor exposure time may be one of the most important factors for D. immitis prevalence in cats. Results reveal that D. immitis are prevalence in domestic and feral cats in northeastern China, which indicates that appropriate preventive measures should be taken to decrease the incidence of feline heartworm disease in Liaoning province, northeastern China.

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Zoonotic Dirofilaria sp. “hongkongensis” in subcutaneous nodules from dogs and cats, Hong Kong SAR
Thamali Manathunga, May Tse, Livia Perles, Frederic Beugnet, Vanessa Barrs, Domenico Otranto
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhu Ying, Archana Upadhyay, Jinhua Wang, Qian Han, Qun Liu
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in the Old World
Claudio Genchi, Laura Helen Kramer
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 280: 108995. CrossRef
First Molecular Detection of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Dogs from Kyrgyzstan
Mehmet Fatih Aydın, Kürşat Altay, Ayperi Aytmirzakizi, Nazir Dumanlı
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(4): 949. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT in Residents near the DMZ (demilitarized zone) of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):385-389.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.385

Abstract
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, which partly includes the demilitarized zone (DMZ), were surveyed for 4 years and evaluated by RDT using recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1A). Sera from 1336, 583, 526, and 583 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis from 2010 to 2013, respectively. The total positive seroprevalence was 19.3, 21.9, 23.4, and 26.8% from 2010 to 2013, respectively. The positive seroprevalence in men (23.6, 27.5, 29.5, 34.6%) was far higher than women (14.1, 18.3, 19.4, 21.4%), from 2010 to 2013, respectively. This high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Cheorwon-gun may have been influenced in part by its geographical locality of the area as it includes the DMZ, where civilian access is strictly limited, thus creating a relatively isolated area that is a well-preserved habitat. Further research is necessary to study the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this area.

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Is the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis declining?
Gregory Colin Milne, Joanne P. Webster, Martin Walker
Trends in Parasitology.2023; 39(1): 26. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, PR China
Yu-bin Guan, Xiao-xiao Sun, Shao-lian Chen, Xiao-ting Zhu, Zhi-hua Zeng, Han-wei Lu, Hong-mei Feng, Yu Guo, Wen-gong Jiang, Kui Xiong, Xiao-rong Yang, Ho-Woo Nam, Zhao-shou Yang, Pan Li
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0286430. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Distribution of toxoplasmosis among different groups of the population of the Оmsk Region
O.Yu. Starostina, Yu.I. Patsula, A.Kh. Nurpeisova
ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT.2019; : 51. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis with ELISA and Rapid Diagnostic Test among Residents in Gyodong-do, Inchon city, Korea: A Four-Year Follow-up: Yeong Hoon Kim, Ji hoo Lee, Seong kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):247-254.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.247

Abstract
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ELISA has been used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, but it is being gradually replaced by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We compared and analyzed ELISA and RDT results using the sera collected during 4 consecutive years from residents of Gyodong-do (Island), Incheon-city, Korea. Sera from 921, 993, 940, and 838 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis (2010-2013). ELISA was performed by using a crude extract of T. gondii RH strain antigen and IgG/IgM RDT mounted with recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A, were applied to the sera. Comparison between groups was analyzed by the Student’s t-test. The positive seroprevalence surged from 14.7% (135/921, 2010), 23.1% (231/993, 2011), 23.6% (222/940, 2012), and 32.1% (269/838, 2013) by ELISA. In contrast, RDT showed a more moderate increasing trend from 21.7% (200/921, 2010), 25.5% (253/993, 2011), 28.9% (272/940, 2012) and 33.1% (277/838, 2013). Discrepancies between ELISA and RDT were noted near the cut-off value. At the OD 0.15-0.24 range, RDT could detect 16.1% (169/1051) more positives, which suggests an early or acute toxoplasmosis, but at the OD 0.25-0.34 range, ELISA could detect 35.9% (92/256) more positives of possible chronic infections. Over the OD > 0.35 ELISA and RDT agreed in the majority of the cases. This surge in seroprevalence may be caused by the organic agriculture in addition to eating behavior or increase in pets among Koreans. These facts may be applied on a full-scale national survey using RDT to supplement ELISA to define the characteristics of the infection.

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Is the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis declining?
Gregory Colin Milne, Joanne P. Webster, Martin Walker
Trends in Parasitology.2023; 39(1): 26. CrossRef
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Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Gyodong-Myeon and Samsan-Myeon, Ganghwa-Gun, Korea
Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef
Evaluation of a Newly Designed Immunochromatographic Test using Gold Nanoparticles and Recombinant Antigen gra7 for Rapid Diagnosis of Human Toxoplasmosis
Hassan Morovati, Seyyed javad Seyyedtabaei, Mehrdad Gholamzad
Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2020; 14(1): 101. CrossRef
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Sun Huh
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 437. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Cat Sitters in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Sang-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):203-206.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.203

Abstract
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The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been increasing in Korea, and it is controversial whether cats are an important infection source or not. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a high risk group (cat sitters) and to determine the possible importance of cats as an infection source in Korea. Risk factors, including the age, sex, and diet of cat sitters, their contact experience and contact frequency with stray cats, and origin, number, and outdoor activity of their pet cats, were analyzed using structured questionnaires. A total of 673 serum samples from people who have frequent contact with cats (high risk group) and 1,114 samples from general people (low risk group) were examined for specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. The results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 7.4% (n=1,787). The seroprevalence among low risk group was 8.0% (89/1,114), whereas that among high risk group was rather lower 6.4% (43/673), though this difference was statistically not significant (P=0.211). Among the risk factors, only the outdoor activity of pet cats was important; people having cats with outdoor activities revealed 2 times higher seroprevalence than people having cats with only indoor activities (P=0.027). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was not significantly different between the high risk group and low risk group, and the importance of cats as a source of infection in Korea is questionable.

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Xin-Yu Wei, Qing-Long Gong, Ao Zeng, Wei Wang, Qi Wang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in mainland China 2016–2020: a meta-analysis
Siyu Zhou, Ziyin Sang, Lijun Wang, Tangjie Zhang
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Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model
Seung Hak Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Han Gil Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Byung-Mo Oh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 461. CrossRef
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Ehsan Shariat Bahadori, Javid Sadraei, Abdolhosein Dalimi
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(3): 360. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among HIV Patients in Jahrom, Southern Iran: Hassan Rezanezhad, Fateme Sayadi, Enayatollah Shadmand, Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab, Hadi Rezaei Yazdi, Kavous Solhjoo, Akbar Kazemi, Monireh Maleki, Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):99-103.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.99

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic agent especially in immunocompromised hosts and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, detection and monitoring of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are of a great interest in HIV-infected patients. A study on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated risk factors was carried out among HIV-infected patients in Jahrom, southern Iran. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was 21.1% in HIV-infected patients by ELISA. PCR was performed on all of the samples, and 1 of the blood samples was positively detected. Among the HIV patients, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were significantly higher in age group of 30-39 years old (P=0.05). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with CD4+<100 cells/μl was 33.3% that was significantly higher than the other groups (P=0.042) with or without IgG antibodies. The CD4+ count mean of seropositive patients was lower than that of seronegative patients. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy was significantly less than patients without therapy (P=0.02). In conclusion, this study showed low seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis among HIV-infected patients in the region and confirmed the need for intensifying prevention efforts among this high-risk population and also the risk of toxoplasmosis reactivation which could be important among this population.

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Mengchen Wu, Haiyan Wu, Xueqiu Chen, Fei Wu, Guangxu Ma, Aifang Du, Yi Yang
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Toxoplasma gondii, HBV, and HCV co‐infection and their correlation with CD4 cells among Iranian HIV‐positive patients
Ahmadreza Bazmjoo, Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh, Rahim Raoofi, Ali Taghipour, Samaneh Mazaherifar, Hojatallah Sotoodeh, Zahra Ostadi, Enayat Shadmand, Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi, Amir Abdoli
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Eugene Enah Fang, Raymond Babila Nyasa, Emmanuel Menang Ndi, Denis Zofou, Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti, Edith Pafoule Lepezeu, Vincent P. K. Titanji, Roland N. Ndip, Mohammed Abdelfatah Mosa Alhoot
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Original Article

High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT among the Residents of Seokmo-do (Island) in Ganghwa-Gun, Incheon City, Korea: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):9-13.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.9

Abstract
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of Seokmo-do (Island) in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, Korea was surveyed for 4 years by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) using recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A. Sera from 312, 343, 390, and 362 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis from 2010 to 2013, respectively. Total positive seroprevalence regardless of gender was 29.2, 35.3, 38.7, and 45.3% from 2010 to 2013, respectively. Positive seroprevalence in male adults was 43.9, 48.2, 45.4, and 55.3%, which was far higher than that of the corresponding female adults which was 20.7, 29.2, 33.9, and 38.9%, from 2010 to 2013, respectively. This high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Seokmo-do may have been caused in part by peculiar changes in the toxoplasmic environment of the island as it is a relatively isolated area preserving its natural habitat while also being connected by a bridge to the mainland. Further study is necessary to find out symptomatic patients and to confirm the risk factors.

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Do-Won Ham, Bong-Kwang Jung, Ji-Hun Shin, Yong Joon Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo, Seung Mi Lee, Jae Hyoung Im, Jeong-Ran Kwon, Ho-Sung Lee, Kyung-Won Hwang, Eun-Hee Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 424. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
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Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Serological and molecular rapid diagnostic tests for Toxoplasma infection in humans and animals
Amjad Hayat Khan, Rahmah Noordin
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2020; 39(1): 19. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Gyodong-Myeon and Samsan-Myeon, Ganghwa-Gun, Korea
Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Fascioliasis in Yaks, Bos grunniens, from Three Counties of Gansu Province, China: Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Sheng-Yong Feng, Jian-Gang Ma, Wen-Bin Zheng, Ming-Yang Yin, Si-Yuan Qin, Dong-Hui Zhou, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):89-93.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.89

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.

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Epidemiological Investigation of Yak (Bos grunniens) Fascioliasis in the Pastoral Area of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Boars, Wild Rabbits, and Wild Chickens in Hubei Province, China: Houqiang Luo, Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Yanfang Lan, Xiong Xiong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):85-88.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.85

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii causes serious infection worldwide in humans and animals. In this study, the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n=377), wild rabbits (cape hare, Lapus capensis) (n=331), and wild chickens (red junglefwol, Gallus gallus) (n=571) in 4 forested and country sided area of Hubei province of China. For this, blood samples were collected and tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The seroprevalence was found to be 7.2%, 5.1%, and 12.6% in wild boars, rabbits, and chickens, respectively, with significant differences among these species. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in male and female wild boars was found to be 7.9% and 6.5% (P<0.01), in male and female rabbits was 5.6% and 4.9% (P<0.01), and in male and female chickens was 17.1% and 7.7% (P<0.01), respectively, with significant differences between 2 genders of chickens (P<0.01). The findings of this study may help in planning of the prevention measures against T. gondii infection in wild animals in this area.

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Original Article

Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats in North-Eastern Region of Pakistan: Haroon Ahmed, Ayesha Malik, Muhammad Arshad, Irfan Mustafa, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Shahzad Ali, Muhammad Mobeen, Sami Simsek; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):439-446.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.439

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii in livestock and humans. Due to its medical and veterinary importance, it is essential to study the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among humans and animals in various parts of the world. The major
objective
of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants (sheep and goats) of north-eastern region, Pakistan. A total of 1,000 animals comprising of sheep (n=470) and goats (n=530) were examined for T. gondii infection by using ELISA. An epidemiological data was collected in the form of questionnaire. A surface has been generated by using method of interpolation in Arc GIS with the help of IDW (inverse distance weight). The results showed higher seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats (42.8%) as compared to sheep (26.2%). The seroprevalence was higher in females as compared to males in all examined ruminants. Similarly, there is a wide variation in the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different breeds of sheep and goats showing higher seroprevalence in Teddy (52.8%) and Damani breed (34.5%) of goat and sheep’s, respectively. The geographical and spatial distribution of T. gondii shows that it is widely distributed in different parts of the north-eastern region of Pakistan. Our results suggest widespread environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. It suggests us that small ruminants could be a potentially important source of T. gondii infection if their infected meat is consumed undercooked.

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Brief Communications

High Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity among Brain Tumor Patients in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):201-204.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.201

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can modulate the environment of the infected host. An unfavorable environment modulated by T. gondii in the brain includes tumor microenvironment. Literature has suggested that T. gondii infection is associated with development of brain tumors. However, in Korea, epidemiological data regarding this correlation have been scarce. In this study, in order to investigate the relationship between T. gondii infection and brain tumor development, we investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii among 93 confirmed brain tumor patients (various histological types, including meningioma and astrocytoma) in Korea using ELISA. The results revealed that T. gondii seropositivity among brain tumor patients (18.3%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared with that of healthy controls (8.6%). The seropositivity of brain tumor patients showed a significant age-tendency, i.e., higher in younger age group, compared with age-matched healthy controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study supports the close relationship between T. gondii infection and incidence of brain tumors.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among HIV/AIDS Patients in Eastern China: Guoqiang Shen, Xiaoming Wang, Hui Sun, Yaying Gao; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):93-96.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.93

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, occurs throughout the world. Human T. gondii infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the population; however, the infection is life-threatening and causes substantial neurologic damage in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-infected persons. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in subjects infected with HIV/AIDS in eastern China. Our findings showed 9.7% prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS patients, which was higher than in intravenous drug users (2.2%) and healthy controls (4.7%), while no significant difference was observed in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody among all participants (P>0.05). Among all HIV/AIDS patients, 15 men (7.7%) and 10 women (15.9%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody; however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody between males and females. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 8.0%, 13.2%, 5.5%, and 0% in patients with normal immune function (CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte count ≥500 cells/ml), immunocompromised patients (cell count ≥200 and <500 cells/ml), severely immunocompromised patients (cell count ≥50 and <200 cells/ml), and advanced AIDS patients, respectively (cell count <50 cells/ml), while only 3 immunocompromised patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. The results indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients in eastern China, and a preventive therapy for toxoplasmosis may be given to HIV/AIDS patients based on CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count.

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Zhao Li, Chun-Yi Sun, Ren-Dan Yang, Chang-Jun Xu, Mei-Chen Chen, Yun-Jiang Zhang, Wei Cong, Xing-Quan Zhu, Yang Liu, Feng-Cai Zou
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Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in China: Qing-Feng Meng, Wei-Lin Wang, Xiao-Ting Ni, Hai-Bin Li, Gui-Zhe Yao, Xiao-Lin Sun, Wei-Li Wang, Wei Cong; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):759-763.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.759

Abstract
PDF

The breeding of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition in China. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animal health. Thus, a total of 1,132 domestic rabbit sera from 4 regions in China were collected for serological screening for Encephalitozoon cuniculi and for Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA and modified agglutination test (MAT), respectively. Antibodies to E. cuniculi were detected in 248/1,132 (21.9%) sera tested while antibodies against T. gondii revealed a seroprevalence of 51/1,132 (4.5%). We believe that the present results are of epidemiological implications and public health importance due to the acknowledged susceptibility of humans to E. cuniculi and T. gondii infections. Therefore, routine screening tests of domestic rabbits are proposed considering the zoonotic potential of these parasites.

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The Prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the North-Western Region of Romania Using Serological Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Lucia-Victoria Bel, Dana Liana Pusta
Microorganisms.2024; 12(7): 1440. CrossRef
Serological survey for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii in pet rabbits in eastern coastal areas of China
Yong WANG, Xuling QIN, Xiuguo DIAO, Yongxia LIU, Jianzhu LIU
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2022; 84(6): 777. CrossRef
Epidemiological and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Rabbits and Hares: 2010–2020
Sonia Almeria, Fernando H. A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C. H. Kwok, Alicia Shipley, Jitender P. Dubey
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Comparison of Seroprevalence and PCR Results in the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Pet Rabbits in Poland
Anna Woźniak-Biel, Aleksandra Podolak
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Relationship between seropositivity of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and renal biochemical markers in clinically healthy rabbits
Özcan ÖZKAN, Banuçiçek YÜCESAN, Selçuk PEKKAYA, Mehmet Eray ALÇIĞIR, İsmayil Safa GÜRCAN
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi.2019; 66(2): 197. CrossRef
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Weifeng Qian, Wenchao Yan, Chaochao Lv, Rongzhen Bai, Tianqi Wang
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Mina Henneb, Khaled Harhoura, Mohamed Amine Bekara, Safia Zenia, Miriem Aissi
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BMC Veterinary Research.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Among Primary School Children in Shandong Province, China: Ke-Sheng Xin, Hui Liu, Hong-Bing Wang, Zong-Liang Yao; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):489-492.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.489

Abstract
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Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children has been investigated in many countries, limited surveys have been available in primary school children in China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Sera from 6,000 primary school children were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies with ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 16.0% (961/6,000), of which 14.5% (870/6,000) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, 3.4% (206/6,000) positive for IgM, and 1.9% (115/6,000) were positive for both IgG and IgM. The results of the present investigation indicated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control T. gondii infection in primary school children in this province. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in primary school children in Shandong province, China.

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Yu-bin Guan, Xiao-xiao Sun, Shao-lian Chen, Xiao-ting Zhu, Zhi-hua Zeng, Han-wei Lu, Hong-mei Feng, Yu Guo, Wen-gong Jiang, Kui Xiong, Xiao-rong Yang, Ho-Woo Nam, Zhao-shou Yang, Pan Li
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Talal Alharazi, Jerold C. Alcantara, Lea L. Dando, Petelyne Pangket
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Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Khadijeh Khanaliha, Shirin Sayyahfar, Mohsen Sadeghi, Ahmad Tavakoli, Borna Salemi
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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children in Henan province, central China
Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Haoran Li, Pengju Li, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang, Xiangrui Li
Parasite.2020; 27: 23. CrossRef
A Large-Scale Serological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Persons Participated in Health Screening in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China
Zhao Li, Chun-Yi Sun, Ren-Dan Yang, Chang-Jun Xu, Mei-Chen Chen, Yun-Jiang Zhang, Wei Cong, Xing-Quan Zhu, Yang Liu, Feng-Cai Zou
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2019; 19(6): 441. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among School Children in Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Upper Myanmar
Thị Lam Thái, Hojong Jun, Seo-Hye Park, Hương Giang Lê, Jinyoung Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jung-Mi Kang, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Woo Nam, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 303. CrossRef
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Oluyomi A Sowemimo, Tsung-Han Wu, Yueh-Lun Lee, Samuel O Asaolu, Ting-Wu Chuang, Olaoluwa P Akinwale, Bolaji O Badejoko, Vincent P Gyang, Timothy Nwafor, Emmanuel Henry, Chia-Kwung Fan
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Toxoplasma gondii Exposure and the Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Shahram Khademvatan, Forough Riahi, Maryam Izadi-Mazidi, Nilufar Khajeddin, Elham Yousefi
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X.-X. ZHANG, Q. ZHAO, C.-W. SHI, W.-T. YANG, Y.-L. JIANG, Z.-T. WEI, C.-F. WANG, G.-L. YANG
Epidemiology and Infection.2016; 144(9): 2018. CrossRef

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Original Article

Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Neospora spp. Infection among Asymptomatic Horses in Jordan: Abdelsalam Q. Talafha, Sameeh M. Abutarbush, David L. Rutley; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):163-167.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.163

Abstract
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This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and to identify risk factors associated with Neospora spp. infection in horses in Jordan. Management related data were collected from each farm and individual horses. Sera from 227 horses from 5 of 6 climatic regions in Jordan were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Neospora spp. by ELISA kit. The study was performed during spring of 2010. The association between seropositivity and risk factors was analyzed. A total of 7 (3%) of 227 sera had antibodies for Neospora spp. There was a significant regional difference (P=0.018) between the 5 climatic regions. Positive cases were located in Amman and Irbid, while the other regions (Zarqa, Jordan Valley, and Wadi Mousa) had zero prevalence. The use of anthelmintics at least once a year resulted in a significant reduction of the seroprevalence to Neospora spp. (1.6% vs 9.8%). However, this might be a phenomenon by chance and a better hygiene since owners can invest in anthelmintics. Other risk factors such as age, gender, breed, usage, body condition score, grazing, presence of other animals mixed with the horses in the same property, and a history of previous diseases were not significantly associated with the seroprevalence to Neospora spp. infection. This is the first study to report on the presence of Neospora seropositive horses in Jordan. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role of certain risk factors in the transmission of Neospora spp. among horse population and to determine which Neospora spp. are responsible for the infection.

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Olivia Johns, David L. Pearl, Robert A. Foster, John Barta, Tracey Chenier
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Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada, Raida Khalil, Marwan Abu-Halaweh, Kanar Sweis, Zuhair Amr, Lena Billeh
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Helga Waap, Uillians Volkart de Oliveira, Telmo Nunes, Jacinto Gomes, Tiago Gomes, Andrea Bärwald, Alexandre Dias Munhoz, Gereon Schares
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Global seroprevalence of Neospora spp. in horses and donkeys: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Erfan Javanmardi, Hamidreza Majidiani, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Davood Anvari, Sadegh Shamsinia, Ezatollah Ghasemi, Bahareh Kordi, Morteza Shams, Ali Asghari
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Acta Tropica.2019; 189: 39. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Pet Rabbits in Korea: Jin-Cheol Shin, Dae-Geun Kim, Sang-Hun Kim, Suk Kim, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):321-323.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.321

Abstract
PDF

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidian parasite commonly found in rabbits that can infect humans, causing encephalitozoonosis. The prevalence of encephalitozoonosis is not well documented, even when many clinics suspect pet rabbits as being highly infected. This study investigated the seropositivity of E. cuniculi using ELISA. The examination of 186 rabbits using ELISA showed that 22.6% (42/186) were seropositive against E. cuniculi. In analysis with healthy status, all 42 seropositive sera were collected from clinically normal rabbits. Moreover, the gender and age of pet rabbits did not have anysignificant effect on E. cuniculi infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the seroprevalence of E. cuniculi in pet rabbits and suggests that pet rabbits could act as an important reservoir of encephalitozoonosis for both pet animals and humans in Korea.

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Veterinaria México OA.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of the Serological Methods and the Molecular Genetics Techniques for the Diagnosis of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Sanda Andrei, Dana Liana Pusta
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The Prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the North-Western Region of Romania Using Serological Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study
Anca-Alexandra Doboși, Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Lucia-Victoria Bel, Dana Liana Pusta
Microorganisms.2024; 12(7): 1440. CrossRef
Association of Encephalitozoon cuniculi with Clinical Signs and Abnormal Hematologic/Biochemical Changes in Pet Rabbits in Thailand
Taksaon Duangurai, Natruree Khamchomphu, Kanyanut Dusitkul, Chawaporn Tousee, Yosanun Sukmai, Teerapat Rungnirundorn, Ladawan Areevijittrakul, Siriluk Jala, Naris Thengchaisri
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Johanna Mäkitaipale, Emmi Järvenpää, Anne Bruce, Satu Sankari, Anna-Maija Virtala, Anu Näreaho
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2022; 84(6): 777. CrossRef
A multidisciplinary review about Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a One Health perspective
Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães, Filipe Fontes Pinto, Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
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A Review of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)—Biology, Clinical Signs, Diagnostic Techniques, Treatment, and Prevention
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Jing Jiang, Jian-Gang Ma, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Peng Xu, Guangyu Hou, Quan Zhao, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(5): 723. CrossRef
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Giovanni Maestrini, Emanuele Ricci, Carlo Cantile, Riccardo Mannella, Francesca Mancianti, Gisella Paci, Carlo D’Ascenzi, Stefania Perrucci
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Luis E. Rodríguez-Tovar, Alejandra Villarreal-Marroquín, Alicia M. Nevárez-Garza, Uziel Castillo-Velázquez, Heidi G. Rodríguez-Ramírez, Magda C. Navarro-Soto, Juán J. Zárate-Ramos, Gustavo Hernández-Vidal, Armando Trejo-Chávez
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Qing-Feng Meng, Wei-Lin Wang, Xiao-Ting Ni, Hai-Bin Li, Gui-Zhe Yao, Xiao-Lin Sun, Wei-Li Wang, Wei Cong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 759. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Police Dogs in Shenyang, Northeastern China: Cheng-Wu Liu, Na Yang, Jian-Bin He, Ming-Yang Mu, Min Yang, Ning Sun, Hong-Kui Li; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):579-581.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.579

Abstract
PDF

In recent years, worldwide surveys of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs have been reported. However, only limited surveys of T. gondii infection in police dogs have been available, including China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii in police dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Sera from 291 police dogs were examined for T. gondii antibodies with the modified agglutination test (MAT), and 30.9% animals were tested seropositive. The results of the present study indicated a relatively high prevalence of T. gondii infection in police dogs in Shenyang, China.

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Ali Asghari, Shirin Jalili, Nader Azadi
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Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Dogs in Shenyang, Northeastern China: Chengwu Liu, Na Yang, Jianbin He, Min Yang, Ming Sun; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):375-377.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.375

Abstract
PDF

In the present study, we first report the seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Sera from 528 randomly selected dogs were examined for D. immitis antigen using SNAP®4Dx test kit; 12.7% tested showed seropositive. No significant difference of infection was observed in different genders and breeds (P>0.05), but the difference was significant in different age groups and rearing conditions (P<0.05). The result suggested that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in dogs is high in Shenyang, and should be given attention.

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Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Lanzhou, China: Wei Cong, Si-Yang Huang, Dong-Hui Zhou, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):363-367.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.363

Abstract
PDF

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in birds has epidemiological significance because birds are indeed considered as a good indicator of environmental contamination by T. gondii oocysts. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii in 313 house sparrows in Lanzhou, northwestern China was assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were positive in 39 (12.46%) of 313 samples (MAT titer ≥ 1:5). Tissues of heart, brain, and lung from the 39 seropositive house sparrows were tested for T. gondii DNA, 11 of which were found to be positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by PCR amplification. These positive DNA samples were typed at 9 genetic markers, including 8 nuclear loci, i.e., SAG1, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8 and an apicoplast locus Apico. Of them, 4 isolates were genotyped with complete data for all loci, and 2 genotypes (Type II variants; ToxoDB #3 and a new genotype) were identified. These results showed that there is a potential risk for human infection with T. gondii in this region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in house sparrows in China.

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Original Article

Serologic Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Seoul and Jeju-do, and a Brief Review of Its Seroprevalence in Korea: Hyemi Lim, Sang-Eun Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Ki Kim, Mi Youn Lee, Ho-Woo Nam, Jong-Gyun Shin, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Ik Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):287-293.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.287

Abstract
PDF

Knowledge of the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infection is required in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we surveyed the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and analyzed the risk factors associated with seropositivity among residents in 2 administrative districts; Seoul and the island of Jeju-do, which have contrasting epidemiologic characteristics. Sera and blood collected from 2,150 residents (1,114 in Seoul and 1,036 in Jeju-do) were checked for IgG antibody titers using ELISA and for the T. gondii B1 gene using PCR. In addition, participants completed a questionnaire that solicited information on gender, age, occupation, eating habits, history of contact with animals, and travel abroad. The T. gondii B1 gene was not detected in all residents examined. However, ELISA showed 8.0% (89 of 1,114 sera) positive for IgG antibodies against T. gondii in Seoul and 11.3% (117 of 1,036 sera) in Jeju-do. In both districts, the positive rates were higher in males than in females, and those 40-79 years of age showed higher rates than other ages. In Seoul, residents older than 70 years of age showed the highest positive rate, 14.9%, whereas in Jeju-do the highest prevalence, 15.6%, was in those in their sixties. The higher seropositive rate in Jeju-do than in Seoul may be related to eating habits and occupations. The present results and a review of related literature are indicative of an increased seroprevalence of T. gondii in Korea in recent years.

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Brief Communication

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in the Residents of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea: Hye-Jin Ahn, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Sung-Jong Hong, Seok Ho Cha, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):225-227.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.225

Abstract
PDF

The seroepidemiological status of toxoplasmosis was surveyed among the residents of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do by means of ELISA using a crude extract antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. The sera of 1,661 adult residents (866 males and 795 females) were collected and checked for IgG antibody titers, which showed 17.0% positive rate (282 sera). The positive rate was significantly different between the sex; 20.6% for males and 13.1% for females (P<0.05). The positive rates were higher in fifties of males (28.7%) and forties of females (20.0%). This positive rate of toxoplasmosis in Cheorwon-gun residents is regarded as the highest among the surveys of different geographical regions of Korea. This high positive rate may due in part to peculiar geographical locality of the surveyed area near the naturally well preserved demilitarized zone (DMZ) or presumably consumption of the pork imported from high endemic nations. Therefore, it is necessary to study further the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Cheorwon-gun.

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A Surge in the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Islands in Gangwha-gun, Incheon, Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 191. CrossRef

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Original Article

A Surge in the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Islands in Gangwha-gun, Incheon, Korea: Zhaoshou Yang, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Hye-Jin Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Sung-Jong Hong, Seok Ho Cha, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):191-197.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.191

Abstract
PDF

Seroepidemiological changes of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of the islands of Gangwha-gun, Incheon for 2 years were surveyed and evaluated by ELISA using a crude extract antigen. In 2010, sera of 919 adult residents in Gyodong-myeon and 313 adults in Samsan-myeon were collected and checked for IgG antibody titers, which showed 14.5% (133 sera) and 19.8% (62 sera) positive rates, respectively. In 2011, sera of 955 adults in Gyodong-myeon and 341 adults in Samsan-myeon were examined, which showed an increase of positive rates to 23.8% (227 sera) and 31.7% (108 sera), respectively. Totally, the seroprevalence of the first year was 15.8% and it increased rapidly to 25.8% in the second year. The positive rates of both sexes increased simultaneously with the significant ratio of males to females by 1.7-2.2 fold (P<0.05). In both myeons, 661 sera were collected every year and showed changes in optical density (OD) in 177 sera; newly found as positives in 73 persons (11.0%), negative conversion in 10 persons (1.5%), and maintained or increased in 94 persons (14.2%). This rapid increase in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Gangwha islands may be due to in part peculiar changes in the toxoplasmic environment of the islands and presumably the consumption of the pork bred domestically within the islands or imported from high endemic nations. It is necessary to find out symptomatic toxoplasmic patients and confirm the risk factors for further infection in the islands of Gangwha-gun.

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Brief Communication

Maintained Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Jeju Island, Korea: Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Kyutaeg Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Yeon-Pyo Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hak-Yong Kim, A-Ra Ko, Yong-Joo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):309-311.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.309

Abstract
PDF

Seroepidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among the residents of Jeju island was surveyed and evaluated by ELISA with crude extract of Toxoplasma gondii. The sera of 2,348 residents (male 1,157 and female 1,191) were collected and checked for the IgG antibody titers, which showed 13.2% positive rate (309 sera). The positive rates were increasing gradually according to the age from 4.3% in teenage to 20.6% in seventies. The positive rates were significantly different between the sex by 16.2% for male and 10.2% for female (P<0.05). This positive rate of toxoplasmosis in Jeju island residents is regarded relatively higher than any other regions of Korea. And the high positive rate may be maintained continuously among Jeju island residents without any clear reasons until now but due to some parts peculiar socio-cultural tradition of Jeju island. Therefore, it is necessary to study further the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis of Jeju island.

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Original Articles

A Hospital-Based Serological Survey of Cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Kyu Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Sun Huh, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):219-225.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.219

Abstract
PDF

The seroprevalence of cryptosporidiosis was examined using patients' sera collected from hospitals located in 4 different areas of the Republic of Korea. ELISA was used to measure antibody titers against Cryptosporidium parvum antigens from a total of 2,394 serum samples, which were collected randomly from patients in local hospitals; 1) Chungbuk National University Hospital, 2) Konkuk University Hospital, 3) local hospitals in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do (province), 4) Jeonnam National University Hospital, from 2002 through 2003. Of the 2,394 samples assayed, 34%, 26%, and 56% were positive for C. parvum-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, respectively. Positive IgG titers were most common in sera from Jeonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, and positive IgM titers were most common in sera from Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chuncheongbuk-do. The seropositivity was positively correlated with age for both the IgG and IgA antibodies but was negatively correlated with age for the IgM antibodies. Western blotting revealed that 92%, 83%, and 77% of sera positive for IgG, IgM, and IgA ELISA reacted with 27-kDa antigens, respectively. These results suggested that infection with Cryptosporidium in hospital patients occurs more commonly than previously reported in the Republic of Korea.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Characteristics of Seropositive Patients in General Hospitals in Daejeon, Korea: Dae-Whan Shin, Dong-Yeub Cha, Quan Juan Hua, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):125-130.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.125

Abstract
PDF

To figure out the epidemiological status and relevance with other diseases in toxoplasmosis, we checked serum IgG antibody titers of 1,265 patients and medical records of seropositive patients. Seropositive rates were 6.6% by latex agglutination test (LAT) and 6.7% by ELISA. No significant differences were detected between sexes and age groups. The peak seroprevalence was detected in the 40-49-year-old age group. According to clinical department, Toxoplasma-positive rates were high in patients in psychiatry, ophthalmology, health management, emergency medicine, and thoracic surgery. Major coincidental diseases in seropositive cases were malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, chronic hepatitis B, chronic renal diseases, schizophrenia, and acute lymphadenitis, in the order of frequency. In particular, some patients with chronic hepatitis B and malignant neoplasms had high antibody titers. These results revealed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in a general hospital-based study was similar to that in a community-based study, and T. gondii seropositivity may be associated with neoplasms, diabetes, and other chronic infections.

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A seroepidemiological survey of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Nabo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: Joon-Yong Chung, Keeseon S. Eom, Yichao Yang, Xenming Li, Zheng Feng, Han-Jong Rim, Seung-Yull Cho, Yoon Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):135-139.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.135

Abstract
PDF

We have observed the seropositive rate of Taenia solium cysticercosis in residents at Nabo Village, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The village had been found to be a relatively high endemic area of porcine cysticercosis among roaming pigs. Of 202 persons examined four males aged 15, 25, 35 and 41 year-old exhibited absorbance (abs) at 0.18, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. In addition, two females whose ages were 35 and 39 years revealed specific antibody levels of abs 0.26 and 0.41 in their sera. Overall positive rate among the people was 2.97%. All of these persons agreed that they had ingested the pork infected with T. solium metacestode (TsM), while history of proglottid discharge was not noticed from all of them. Three males and one female complained of intermittent headache. Our findings reinforced not only that the prevalence of cysticercosis might be related with roaming pigs infected with TsM but also that behavioral and environmental practices in local community constituted risk factors for transmission of the infection.

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Korean pregnant women: Kyoung-Ju Song, Jong-Chul Shin, Ho-Joon Shin, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(2):69-71.
Published online June 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.69

Abstract
PDF

This study was performed in order to evaluate the sero-epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Korean women. Among 5,175 sera and 750 amniotic fluid samples obtained from pregnant women, 41 serum samples (0.79%) and 10 (1.33%) amniotic fluid samples tested positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Fifty one cases showing a score more than 0.25 on ELISA were tested for PCR reaction against the SAG1 gene. Only one case of the 51 ELISA positive cases exhibited a positive reaction on all tests. This case had a history of acute nephropyelitis during early pregnancy, but fortunately, had delivered a phenotypically healthy baby. In this study, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be comparatively low, consistent with previous reports from Korea. However our trials, performed with a variety of diagnostic tools, were considered to be useful for the precise diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the residents of Cheju island, Korea: Hyun-Jong Yang, Kwang-Nam Jin, Yong-Keun Park, Seong-Chul Hong, Jong-Myon Bae, Sung-Hee Lee, Hyun-Sik Choi, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Young-Bae Chung, Nam-Seok Lee, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):91-93.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.91

Abstract
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This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among the residents of Cheju island. The sera of local students from 18 high schools (boys 2110, girls 2460) and those of adults (474 admitted to Cheju Chungang General Hospital) were collected and checked for the IgG antibody titers against Toxoplasma gondii. Serum samples collected from both the students and adults showed sero-positive rate of 5.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Although the rates were not significantly different between the sexes (5.4% for the boys and 5.5% for the girls attending school), the geographical difference showed a significant difference between the urban (4.6~6.9%) and rural areas (5.6~8.8%) (p<0.05). Based on the high positive rates, it should be necessary to control toxoplasmosis in Cheju island.

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Seroprevalence and Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii among Apparently Healthy and Visually or Hearing Disabled Children in Taiz City, Yemen: Saleh, Madha Mohammed Sheet , AL-Shamiri, Adam Hezam , Qaed, Abeer Ahmed; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):71-73.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.71

Abstract
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This cross sectional study was conducted in the city of Taiz, Yemen, during the period from August 2006 to August 2007 in order to investigate the seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis among apparently healthy children (AHC) and visually and/or hearing disabled children (DC). The seroprevalence was 16.0% among AHC compared to 32.5% among DC. The effect of gender was clear as the seroprevalence rate was significantly higher among females (18.3 and 43.8% for AHC and DC, respectively) than males (13.8 and 25% for AHC and DC, respectively). The seroprevalence was proportionally increased with the age, and the highest rates (20.9 and 53.0%) were reported among the oldest age group (> 10-14 years) for AHC and DC groups, respectively. The incidence rate was also higher (4.2%) in DC group compared to AHC group (2.4%) during 1 year period. These data indicate that the seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis are significantly higher in DC group than those of AHC group. We need to check further relationship between toxoplasmosis and visual and/or hearing disability.

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