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"Trichomonas vaginalis"

Brief Communications

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting Actin DNA of Trichomonas vaginalis
Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):329-334.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.329
Trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted disease. Its association with several health problems, including preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, emphasizes the importance of improved access to early and accurate detection of T. vaginalis. In this study, a rapid and efficient loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based method for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed and validated, using vaginal swab specimens from subjects suspected to have trichomoniasis. The LAMP assay targeting the actin gene was highly sensitive with detection limits of 1 trichomonad and 1 pg of T. vaginalis DNA per reaction, and specifically amplified the target gene only from T. vaginalis. Validation of this assay showed that it had the highest sensitivity and better agreement with PCR (used as the gold standard) compared to microscopy and multiplex PCR. This study showed that the LAMP assay, targeting the actin gene, could be used to diagnose early infections of T. vaginalis. Thus, we have provided an alternative molecular diagnostic tool and a point-of-care test that may help to prevent trichomoniasis transmission and associated complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review
    Yasaman Ahmadi, Yejiong Yu, Zhanfeng Cui, Wei E. Huang, Monique I. Andersson
    Microbial Biotechnology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A novel detection method based on MIRA-CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD targeting the repeated DNA sequence of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Zhenke Yang, Jinghui Wang, Yiming Qi, Yiping Shi, Fakun Li, Weijuan Wang, Xiaowei Tian, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang, Shuai Wang
    Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A novel fluoro colorimetric Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Shoorashetty Manohar Rudresh, Pareyam Pooja, Pattacheravanda Nanaiah Shakuntala, Kanta Madhu
    Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2024; 49: 100610.     CrossRef
  • Establishment of a programmatic detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on double antibody sandwich ELISA targeting TvCP39 antigen
    Yuhua Li, Fakun Li, Wenjie Tian, Yani Zhang, Weijuan Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang
    Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107489.     CrossRef
  • Label-free electrochemical DNA biosensing of MR TV 29 18s ribosomal RNA gene of Trichomonas vaginalis by signalization of non-spherical gold nanoparticles
    R. Dehdari Vais, H. Heli, N. Sattarahmady
    Materials Today Communications.2023; 34: 105123.     CrossRef
  • Construction a novel detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification targeting the Actin gene
    Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Wanxin Sheng, Xihui Gao, Weijuan Wang, Zhili Chu, Xuefang Mei, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Zhenchao Zhang
    Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A novel and ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for Trichomonas vaginalis detection based on a nanostructured film of poly(ortho-aminophenol)
    Rezvan Dehdari Vais, Hossein Heli, Naghmeh Sattarahmady, Afshin Barazesh
    Synthetic Metals.2022; 287: 117082.     CrossRef
  • Omics Analyses of Trichomonas vaginalis Actin and Tubulin and Their Participation in Intercellular Interactions and Cytokinesis
    Sebastián Lorenzo-Benito, Luis Alberto Rivera-Rivas, Lizbeth Sánchez-Ayala, Jaime Ortega-López, Octavio Montes-Flores, Daniel Talamás-Lara, Rossana Arroyo
    Genes.2022; 13(6): 1067.     CrossRef
  • Photo-genosensor for Trichomonas vaginalis based on gold nanoparticles-genomic DNA
    S. Ilbeigi, R. Dehdari Vais, N. Sattarahmady
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2021; 34: 102290.     CrossRef
  • Loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swabs among symptomatic women from North India
    S. Khurana, R. Dadwal, N. Sharma, A. Mewara, S. Singh, R. Bagga, R. Yadav, S. Sethi
    Letters in Applied Microbiology.2020; 70(3): 196.     CrossRef
  • Establishment and application of isothermal amplification techniques for the detection of heat-stable I enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
    Junjun Zhai, Zhang Yan, Feng Ping, Qu Lei, Xuelong Chen, Yanping Qi, Tianwen Wang
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(4): e0230881.     CrossRef
  • Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65
    Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Hao Zhang, Yujuan Duan, Chengyang Luo, Bingli Wang, Sifan Ji, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Label-free ultrasensitive electrochemical genosensing of Trichomonas vaginalis using anisotropic-shaped gold nanoparticles as a platform, a repeated sequence of the parasite DNA as a probe, and toluidine blue as a redox marker
    N. Delshadi-Jahromi, R. Nazari-Vanani, H. Yadegari, N. Sattarahmady, G.R. Hatam, H. Heli
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2018; 273: 234.     CrossRef
  • Real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei
    Shao-Xin Cai, Fan-De Kong, Shu-Fei Xu, Cui-Luan Yao
    PeerJ.2018; 6: e5993.     CrossRef
  • 10,603 View
  • 196 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Optimization of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis during Pregnancy at a University Hospital, Argentina
Pamela Testardini, Mar?a Luc?a Gallo Vaulet, Andrea Carolina Entrocassi, Claudia Menghi, Martha Cora Eliseht, Claudia Gatta, Mirta Losada, Mar?a Sol Touz?n, Ana Corominas, Carlos Vay, Silvio Tatti, Angela Famiglietti, Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin, Beatriz Perazzi
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):191-195.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.191
The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis during pregnancy in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications. A total of 386 vaginal exudates from pregnant women were analyzed. T. vaginalis was investigated by 3 types of microscopic examinations direct wet mount with physiologic saline solution, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) staining, and wet mount with sodium-acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue method. PCR for 18S rRNA gene as well as culture in liquid medium were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were evaluated considering the culture media positivity or the PCR techniques as gold standard. The frequency of T. vaginalis infection was 6.2% by culture and/or PCR, 5.2% by PCR, 4.7% by culture, 3.1% by SAF/methylene blue method and 2.8% by direct wet smear and prolonged MGG staining. The sensitivities were 83.3%, 75.0%, 50.0%, and 45.8% for PCR, culture, SAF/methylene blue method, and direct wet smear-prolonged MGG staining, respectively. The specificity was 100% for all the assessed methods. Microscopic examinations showed low sensitivity, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients. It is necessary to improve the detection of T. vaginalis using combined methods providing higher sensitivity, such as culture and PCR, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients, in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Diagnostic accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Emmanuel O. Babafemi, Benny P. Cherian, Khalid Rahman, Gilbert M. Mogoko, Oluwatoyin O. Abiola
    African Journal of Laboratory Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors of Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in pregnant women in seven hospitals in N’Djamena, Chad: a cro
    Mahamat Mustapha Anouar, Boris Emmanuel Djoumsie Gomseu, Nandita Sharma, Sana Afreen, Tenzin Tsephel, Djamal Hachim, Ngam Daita, Annour Bechir Ahmat, Mahamat Mouctar Abdelkerim, Aboubakar Hassan Adam, Adam Mahamat Dahabaye, Chatté Adawaye, Foumsou Lhagada
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(10): e096775.     CrossRef
  • Establishment of a programmatic detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on double antibody sandwich ELISA targeting TvCP39 antigen
    Yuhua Li, Fakun Li, Wenjie Tian, Yani Zhang, Weijuan Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang
    Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107489.     CrossRef
  • Construction a novel detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification targeting the Actin gene
    Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Wanxin Sheng, Xihui Gao, Weijuan Wang, Zhili Chu, Xuefang Mei, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Zhenchao Zhang
    Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Vaginal Wet Mount Microscopy Guidelines: How to Perform, Applications, and Interpretation
    Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Švitrigailė Grincevičienė, Caroline Oliveira, José Fonseca-Moutinho, Facundo Cherey, Colleen Kennedy Stockdale
    Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease.2021; 25(2): 172.     CrossRef
  • Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65
    Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Hao Zhang, Yujuan Duan, Chengyang Luo, Bingli Wang, Sifan Ji, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Análisis microbiológico del tracto genital materno y de la sangre del cordón umbilical en relación con el daño neonatal
    Silvina E. Cocucci, Mirtha G. Santacruz Silvero, Mirta O. Losada, María S. Touzón, Hilda RudaVega, Manuel Vazquez Blanco, Sergio L. Provenzano, Carlos A. Vay, Ángela M.R. Famiglietti, Beatriz E. Perazzi
    Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2019; 51(2): 157.     CrossRef
  • Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016
    Jane Rowley, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Eline Korenromp, Nicola Low, Magnus Unemo, Laith J Abu-Raddad, R Matthew Chico, Alex Smolak, Lori Newman, Sami Gottlieb, Soe Soe Thwin, Nathalie Broutet, Melanie M Taylor
    Bulletin of the World Health Organization.2019; 97(8): 548.     CrossRef
  • Very low sensitivity of wet mount microscopy compared to PCR against culture in the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis in Uganda: a cross sectional study
    Sheila Nabweyambo, Othman Kakaire, Stefanie Sowinski, Alfred Okeng, Henry Ojiambo, Joshua Kimeze, Irene Najjingo, Freddie Bwanga
    BMC Research Notes.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,846 View
  • 122 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Prevalence of Trichomoniasis by PCR in Women Attending Health Screening in Korea
Seung-Ryong Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Na-Yeong Gu, Yong-Suk Kim, Yeon-Chul Hong, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):187-190.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.187
Trichomoniasis is the most common curable sexually-transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. There are few reports on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of trichomoniasis by PCR in Guri city, Korea. All adult women who visited Hanyang University Guri Hospital for health screening within the National Health Care Service were invited to participate in the study, and 424 women were enrolled between March and June 2011. PCR was used to detect Trichomonas vaginalis using primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650). Fourteen women (3.3%) were found to have T. vaginalis. All were over 50, and they were significantly older on average than the 410 Trichomonas-negative women (mean ages 63.4 vs 55.3 years). It seems that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in women receiving health screening, especially among those over 50.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Molecular diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Papanicolaou samples in Shiraz, southern Iran
    Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Samaneh Sedghi, Yalda Badalzadeh, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Manouchehr Shirani, Sareh Sami Jahromi, Aref Teimouri, Mahmoud Agholi, Qasem Asgari
    BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Construction a novel detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification targeting the Actin gene
    Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Wanxin Sheng, Xihui Gao, Weijuan Wang, Zhili Chu, Xuefang Mei, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Shuai Wang, Zhenchao Zhang
    Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular characterization of Trichomonas infections in women of Ilam City, southwestern Iran
    Maryam Alikhani, Mohammad Akhoundi, Denis Sereno, Jahangir Abdi, Razi Naserifar, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Asad Mirzaei
    Parasitology Research.2022; 121(6): 1631.     CrossRef
  • Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
    Sun Huh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437.     CrossRef
  • 8,716 View
  • 105 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Inflammatory Responses in a Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Line (BPH-1) Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis
Sang-Su Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):123-132.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.123
Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Trichomonads have been detected in prostatic tissues from prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer. Chronic prostatic inflammation is known as a risk factor for prostate enlargement, benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, and acute urinary retention. Our aim was to investigate whether T. vaginalis could induce inflammatory responses in cells of a benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line (BPH-1). When BPH-1 cells were infected with T. vaginalis, the protein and mRNA of inflammatory cytokines, such as CXCL8, CCL2, IL-1β, and IL-6, were increased. The activities of TLR4, ROS, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, and NF-κB were also increased, whereas inhibitors of ROS, MAPK, PI3K, NF-κB, and anti-TLR4 antibody decreased the production of the 4 cytokines although the extent of inhibition differed. However, a JAK2 inhibitor inhibited only IL-6 production. Culture supernatants of the BPH-1 cells that had been incubated with live T. vaginalis (trichomonad-conditioned medium, TCM) contained the 4 cytokines and induced the migration of human monocytes (THP-1 cells) and mast cells (HMC-1 cells). TCM conditioned by BPH-1 cells pretreated with NF-κB inhibitor showed decreased levels of cytokines and induced less migration. Therefore, it is suggested that these cytokines are involved in migration of inflammatory cells. These results suggest that T. vaginalis infection of BPH patients may cause inflammation, which may induce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Immunomodulatory roles of autophagic flux and IFIT in human ectocervical cells upon Trichomonas vaginalis infection
    Ching-Chun Liu, Lichieh Julie Chu, Yuan-Ming Yeh, Hsin-Chung Lin, Lih-Chyang Chen, Ching-Yun Huang, Shu-Fang Chiu, Fang-Wen Cheng, Wei-Ning Lin, Kuo-Yang Huang
    International Immunopharmacology.2025; 155: 114643.     CrossRef
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing hyperplasia of the prostate
    Yuki Kyoda, Kosuke Shibamori, Tetsuya Shindo, Takeshi Maehana, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi, Toshiaki Tanaka, Fumimasa Fukuta, Naoya Masumori
    International Journal of Urology.2024; 31(7): 705.     CrossRef
  • P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway
    Shuang-Ying Wang, Yi Cai, Xiao Hu, Fei Li, Xin-Hang Qian, Ling-Yun Xia, Bo Gao, Lan Wu, Wen-Zhong Xie, Jia-Min Gu, Tong Deng, Cong Zhu, Hai-Chang Jia, Wan-Qi Peng, Jiao Huang, Cheng Fang, Xian-Tao Zeng
    Military Medical Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Zhenchao Zhang, Dongxian Li, Yuhua Li, Rui Zhang, Xianghuan Xie, Yi Yao, Linfei Zhao, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Xuejing Yue, Xuefang Mei
    Infectious Agents and Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Ik-Hwan Han, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • Trichomoniasis
    Olivia T. Van Gerwen, Skye A. Opsteen, Keonte J. Graves, Christina A. Muzny
    Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2023; 37(2): 245.     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory responses during trichomoniasis: The role of Toll‐like receptors and inflammasomes
    Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Maryam Nemati, Ehsan Salarkia, Sonal Yadav, Najmeh Aminizadeh, Sara Jafarzadeh, Manisha Yadav
    Parasite Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • IL-6 Signaling Link between Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment and Prostatic Tumorigenesis
    Cosmin-Victor Ene, Ilinca Nicolae, Bogdan Geavlete, Petrisor Geavlete, Corina Daniela Ene, Yun Ping Lim
    Analytical Cellular Pathology.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Ellagic acid improves benign prostate hyperplasia by regulating androgen signaling and STAT3
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    Cell Death & Disease.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between trichomoniasis and prostate and bladder diseases: a population-based case–control study
    Hung-Yi Yang, Ruei-Yu Su, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Kuo-Yang Huang, Hsin-An Lin, Jui-Yang Wang, Chien-Chou Chen, Wu-Chien Chien, Hsin-Chung Lin
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased diagnostic yield of routine multiplex PCR compared to clinician requested testing for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Brooke Webb, Andrea Crampton, Michelle J. Francis, John Hamblin, Tony M. Korman, Maryza Graham
    Pathology.2021; 53(2): 257.     CrossRef
  • Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65
    Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Hao Zhang, Yujuan Duan, Chengyang Luo, Bingli Wang, Sifan Ji, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ik‐Hwan Han, Jung‐Hyun Kim, Ki‐Seok Jang, Jae‐Sook Ryu
    The Prostate.2019; 79(10): 1133.     CrossRef
  • Monocyte-derived extracellular trap (MET) formation induces aggregation and affects motility of human spermatozoa in vitro
    Mabel Schulz, Fabiola Zambrano, Hans-Christian Schuppe, Florian Wagenlehner, Anja Taubert, Ulrich Gaertner, Rául Sánchez, Carlos Hermosilla
    Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine.2019; 65(5): 357.     CrossRef
  • Synopsis: Special Issue on “Disruption of signaling homeostasis induced crosstalk in the carcinogenesis paradigmEpistemology of the origin of cancer”
    Björn L.D.M. Brücher, Ijaz S. Jamall, Obul R. Bandapalli
    4open.2019; 2: 28.     CrossRef
  • Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Produce Netrin-1 to Control Cancer Cell Plasticity
    Pei-Ju Sung, Nicolas Rama, Jeromine Imbach, Stephany Fiore, Benjamin Ducarouge, David Neves, Huei-Wen Chen, David Bernard, Pan-Chyr Yang, Agnès Bernet, Stephane Depil, Patrick Mehlen
    Cancer Research.2019; 79(14): 3651.     CrossRef
  • Atractylenolide II Induces Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells through Regulation of AR and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathways
    Jing Wang, Moussa Ide Nasser, Salah Adlat, Ming Ming Jiang, Nan Jiang, Li Gao
    Molecules.2018; 23(12): 3298.     CrossRef
  • Proliferation of prostate epithelia induced by IL‐6 from stroma reacted with Trichomonas vaginalis
    J.‐H. Kim, I.‐H. Han, Y.‐S. Kim, C.‐S. Noh, J.‐S. Ryu
    Parasite Immunology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Proliferation of Prostate Stromal Cell Induced by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Stimulated WithTrichomonas vaginalisvia Crosstalk With Mast Cell
    Jung-Hyun Kim, Sang-Su Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Seobo Sim, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
    The Prostate.2016; 76(15): 1431.     CrossRef
  • Signalling pathways associated with IL‐6 production and epithelial–mesenchymal transition induction in prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis
    I. H. Han, J. H. Kim, S. S. Kim, M. H. Ahn, J. S. Ryu
    Parasite Immunology.2016; 38(11): 678.     CrossRef
  • 13,906 View
  • 178 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communications

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women Visiting 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Daegu, South Korea
Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Won-Myung Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):75-80.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.75
This study explored epidemiological trends in trichomoniasis in Daegu, South Korea. Wet mount microscopy, PCR, and multiplex PCR were used to test for Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab samples obtained from 621 women visiting 2 clinics in Daegu. Of the 621 women tested, microscopy detected T. vaginalis in 4 (0.6%) patients, PCR detected T. vaginalis in 19 (3.0%) patients, and multiplex PCR detected T. vaginalis in 12 (1.9%) patients. Testing via PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for T. vaginalis. Among the 19 women who tested positive for T. vaginalis according to PCR, 94.7% (18/19) reported vaginal signs and symptoms. Notably, more than 50% of T. vaginalis infections occurred in females younger than 30 years old, and 58% were unmarried. Multiplex PCR, which simultaneously detects pathogens from various sexually transmitted infections, revealed that 91.7% (11/12) of patients were infected with 2 or more pathogens. Mycoplasma hominis was the most prevalent co-infection pathogen with T. vaginalis, followed by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results indicate that PCR and multiplex PCR are the most sensitive tools for T. vaginalis diagnosis, rather than microscopy which has been routinely used to detect T. vaginalis infections in South Korea. Therefore, clinicians should take note of the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infections among adolescent and young women in order to prevent persistent infection and transmission of this disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Diagnostic accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Emmanuel O. Babafemi, Benny P. Cherian, Khalid Rahman, Gilbert M. Mogoko, Oluwatoyin O. Abiola
    African Journal of Laboratory Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The prevalence ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection among the female population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Zeinab Moghadamizad, Javad Yazdizadeh Khalili, Meysam Olfatifar, Milad Badri, Sasan Khazaei
    International Health.2024; 16(3): 240.     CrossRef
  • Combination of genitourinary candidiasis and sexually transmitted infections
    N.E. Portnyagina, A.K. Kvardakova, V.V. Pakhomova, E.G. Gubanova, N.V. Deeva, I.G. Sergeeva
    Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology.2024; 23(4): 377.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis: comparison of primers for implementation as an in-house PCR in rural Vellore, South India
    Nagarajan L. Surya, Thangamani Suji, Santhosh Rani, Irene Dorathy, Shantidani Minz, Rani Diana Sahni
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Papanicolaou samples in Shiraz, southern Iran
    Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Samaneh Sedghi, Yalda Badalzadeh, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Manouchehr Shirani, Sareh Sami Jahromi, Aref Teimouri, Mahmoud Agholi, Qasem Asgari
    BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Prediagnosed Vaginitis Cases and Its Association with Various Pathogens
    Vildan Turan Faraşat, İbrahim Cüneyt Balcıoğlu, Pınar Solmaz Hasdemir, Ertaç Gümüş
    Turkish Journal of Parasitology.2022; 46(3): 167.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis follow-up and persistence in Colombian women
    Lauren Hernández-Buelvas, Milena Camargo, Ricardo Sánchez, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trichomoniasis in a tertiary hospital of Madrid, Spain (2013–2017): prevalence and pregnancy rate, coinfections, metronidazole resistance, and endosymbiosis
    Celia Bolumburu, Vega Zamora, María Muñoz-Algarra, Francisca Portero-Azorín, José Antonio Escario, Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
    Parasitology Research.2020; 119(6): 1915.     CrossRef
  • Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
    Sun Huh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437.     CrossRef
  • PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT WOMEN POPULATION IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
    Pati Aji Achdiat, Reiva Farah Dwiyana, Vina Feriza, Rasmia Rowawi, Rendy Ariezal Effendi, Oki Suwarsa, Hendra Gunawan
    Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease.2019; 7(4): 57.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Trichomoniasis by PCR in Women Attending Health Screening in Korea
    Seung-Ryong Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Na-Yeong Gu, Yong-Suk Kim, Yeon-Chul Hong, Jae-Sook Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 187.     CrossRef
  • Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting Actin DNA of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(3): 329.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology of Trichomoniasis in South Korea and Increasing Trend in Incidence, Health Insurance Review and Assessment 2009-2014
    So-Young Joo, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Jae-Sook Ryu, Sang-Eun Lee, Won Kee Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Zhefeng Meng
    PLOS ONE.2016; 11(12): e0167938.     CrossRef
  • 11,073 View
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Influence of 120 kDa Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase on Pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis
Hyun-Ouk Song
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):71-74.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.71
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan parasite and commonly infected the lower genital tract in women and men. Iron is a known nutrient for growth of various pathogens, and also reported to be involved in establishment of trichomoniasis. However, the exact mechanism was not clarified. In this study, the author investigated whether the 120 kDa protein of T. vaginalis may be involved in pathogenicity of trichomonads. Antibodies against 120 kDa protein of T. vaginalis, which was identified as pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) by peptide analysis of MALDI-TOF-MS, were prepared in rabbits. Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with anti-120 kDa Ab decreased the proliferation and adherence to vaginal epithelial cells (MS74) of T. vaginalis. Subcutaneous tissue abscess in anti-120 kDa Ab-treated T. vaginalis-injected mice was smaller in size than that of untreated T. vaginalis-infected mice. Collectively, the 120 kDa protein expressed by iron may be involved in proliferation, adhesion to host cells, and abscess formation, thereby may influence on the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis.

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  • Trichomonas vaginalis acid sphingomyelinases' theoretical structural analysis shows substrate binding diversity related to protein flexibility and mobility
    Ana Laura Medina-Nieto, Sairy Yarely Andrade-Guillen, Fátima Berenice Ramírez-Montiel, Fátima Tornero-Gutiérrez, José A. Martínez-Álvarez, Ángeles Rangel-Serrano, Itzel Páramo-Pérez, Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya, Javier de la Mora, Claudia Leticia Mendoza-Mac
    Computational Biology and Chemistry.2026; 120: 108601.     CrossRef
  • Antiparasitic activity of the iron-containing milk protein lactoferrin and its potential derivatives against human intestinal and blood parasites
    Namrata Anand
    Frontiers in Parasitology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genetic Variability of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Partial Gene of Trichomonas vaginalis from Female Patients
    Fernando Martinez-Hernandez, Fabiola Sanchez-Aguillon, Joel Martinez-Ocaña, Nelly Raquel Gonzalez-Arenas, Mirza Romero-Valdovinos, Eduardo Lopez-Escamilla, Pablo Maravilla, Guiehdani Villalobos
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(9): 2240.     CrossRef
  • Pyruvate: Ferredoxin oxidoreductase is involved in IgA-related microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation
    Kairuo Wang, Yixuan Guo, Yuanyuan Liu, Xiao Cui, Xiang Gu, Lixiang Li, Yanqing Li, Ming Li
    Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review
    Namarta Kalia, Jatinder Singh, Manpreet Kaur
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • New light on ancient enzymes – in vitro CO2 Fixation by Pyruvate Synthase of Desulfovibrio africanus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
    Andreas Witt, Roberta Pozzi, Stephan Diesch, Oliver Hädicke, Hartmut Grammel
    The FEBS Journal.2019; 286(22): 4494.     CrossRef
  • Humoral and T cell–mediated immune response against trichomoniasis
    M. Nemati, N. Malla, M. Yadav, H. Khorramdelazad, A. Jafarzadeh
    Parasite Immunology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Cell Surface Aggregation-Promoting Factor from Lactobacillus gasseri Contributes to Inhibition of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion to Human Vaginal Ectocervical Cells
    Niha Phukan, Anna E. S. Brooks, Augusto Simoes-Barbosa, John H. Adams
    Infection and Immunity.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Can the pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) gene be used as an additional marker to discriminate among Blastocystis strains or subtypes?
    Patricia Alarcon-Valdes, Guiehdani Villalobos, Williams Arony Martinez-Flores, Eduardo Lopez-Escamilla, Nelly Raquel Gonzalez-Arenas, Mirza Romero-Valdovinos, Fernando Martinez-Hernandez, Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillan-Benitez, Pablo Maravilla
    Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum grows vegetatively in a biofilm rich in heteropolysaccharides and cytoplasmic proteins
    Dong Liu, Zhengjiao Yang, Yong Chen, Wei Zhuang, Huanqing Niu, Jinglan Wu, Hanjie Ying
    Biotechnology for Biofuels.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,622 View
  • 93 Download
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Original Articles

Activation of MAPK Is Required for ROS Generation and Exocytosis in HMC-1 Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products
Giimaa Narantsogt, Arim Min, Young Hee Nam, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Gurbadam Agvaandaram, Temuulen Dorjsuren, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):597-603.
Published online October 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.597
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis and cervicitis in women and asymptomatic urethritis and prostatitis in men. Mast cells have been reported to be predominant in vaginal smears and vaginal walls of patients infected with T. vaginalis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activated by various stimuli, have been shown to regulate the transcriptional activity of various cytokine genes in mast cells. In this study, we investigated whether MAPK is involved in ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 cells induced by T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP). We found that TvSP induces the activation of MAPK and NADPH oxidase in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of MAPK and p47phox in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP also induced up-regulation of CD63, a marker for exocytosis, along the surfaces of human mast cells. Pretreatment with MAPK inhibitors strongly inhibited TvSP-induced ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation. Finally, our results suggest that TvSP induces intracellular ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 via MAPK signaling.

Citations

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  • Dynamin 2-mediated endocytosis of BLT1 is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
    Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 281.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
    Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
    Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794.     CrossRef
  • Latent Upregulation of Nlrp3, Nlrc4 and Aim2 Differentiates between Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis Infection
    Sonal Yadav, Vivek Verma, Rakesh Singh Dhanda, Sumeeta Khurana, Manisha Yadav
    Immunological Investigations.2022; 51(5): 1127.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis Induces SiHa Cell Apoptosis by NF-κB Inactivation via Reactive Oxygen Species
    Juan-Hua Quan, Byung-Hun Kang, Jung-Bo Yang, Yun-Ee Rhee, Heung-Tae Noh, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee
    BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secrete
    Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin, Judith A. Appleton
    Infection and Immunity.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Explore the variation of MMP3, JNK, p38 MAPKs, and autophagy at the early stage of osteoarthritis
    Jie Shi, Changjie Zhang, Zhongjie Yi, Chunna Lan
    IUBMB Life.2016; 68(4): 293.     CrossRef
  • 10,405 View
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Involvement of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways for TNF-α Production in SiHa Cervical Mucosal Epithelial Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis
Jung-Bo Yang, Juan-Hua Quan, Ye-Eun Kim, Yun-Ee Rhee, Byung-Hyun Kang, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):371-377.
Published online August 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.371
Trichomonas vaginalis induces proinflammation in cervicovaginal mucosal epithelium. To investigate the signaling pathways in TNF-α production in cervical mucosal epithelium after T. vaginalis infection, the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways were evaluated in T. vaginalis-infected SiHa cells in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors. T. vaginalis increased TNF-α production in SiHa cells, in a parasite burden-dependent and incubation time-dependent manner. In T. vaginalis-infected SiHa cells, AKT, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK were phosphorylated from 1 hr after infection; however, the phosphorylation patterns were different from each other. After pretreatment with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways, TNF-α production was significantly decreased compared to the control; however, TNF-α reduction patterns were different depending on the type of PI3K/MAPK inhibitors. TNF-α production was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with wortmannin and PD98059, whereas it was increased by SP600125. These data suggested that PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways are important in regulation of TNF-α production in cervical mucosal epithelial SiHa cells. However, activation patterns of each pathway were different from the types of PI3K/MAPK pathways.

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  • Exploring the therapeutic potential and in vitro validation of baicalin for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer
    Yuan Ma, Ying Pan, Qiancheng Zhao, Chongheng Zhang, Haitao He, Lihua Pan, Jianling Jia, Aiping Shi, Yiming Yang, Wenfeng Zhang
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    Lujun Yan, Yating Li, Xing Yang, Rui Li, Chunyin Zhu, Xuedong He, Xiaoliang Jin, Guanghui Zheng, Naunain Mehmood, William C. Cho, Shijun Bao, Houhui Song, Yadong Zheng
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  • Interactions between bacterial vaginosis-associated microbiota and Trichomonas vaginalis modulate parasite-induced pathogenicity and host immune responses
    Shu-Fang Chiu, Ching-Yun Huang, Chien-Yung Chen, Wei-Jane Hsu, Yuan-Ming Yeh, Ya-Wen Shih, Lichieh Julie Chu, Wei-Ning Lin, Kuo-Yang Huang
    Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Inflammatory responses during trichomoniasis: The role of Toll‐like receptors and inflammasomes
    Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Maryam Nemati, Ehsan Salarkia, Sonal Yadav, Najmeh Aminizadeh, Sara Jafarzadeh, Manisha Yadav
    Parasite Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yan Fang, Xiaoling Peng, Huilian Bu, Xiaoqian Jia, Feng Gao, Cheng Liu
    Neuropeptides.2022; 93: 102243.     CrossRef
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    Xiaoren Tang, Thanarut Tangkham, Bushra Aljahdali, Sean Lee, Mingfang Su, Serge Dibart
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    XiaoNan Tang, ChangWei Chai, Ying Guan, Xiang Li, AnJun Deng, HaiLin Qin, HaiJing Zhang, Lianqiu Wu
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Xiang Liu, Qian Yang, Jinyu Yan, Xiahui Zhang, Meiyun Zheng
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.2019; 120(3): 4268.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis Induces Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mouse Macrophages Through Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Pathways Partially Mediated by TLR2
    Ling Li, Xin Li, Pengtao Gong, Xichen Zhang, Zhengtao Yang, Ju Yang, Jianhua Li
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Elizabeth A. Bonney
    American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mingde Ji, Yanlai Lu, Chenhui Zhao, Wenxing Gao, Fengxia He, Jing Zhang, Dan Zhao, Wen Qiu, Yingwei Wang, Hiroyasu Nakano
    PLOS ONE.2016; 11(9): e0161867.     CrossRef
  • 9,268 View
  • 92 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Trichomonas vaginalis Metalloproteinase Induces mTOR Cleavage of SiHa Cells
Juan-Hua Quan, In-Wook Choi, Jung-Bo Yang, Wei Zhou, Guang-Ho Cha, Yu Zhou, Jae-Sook Ryu, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(6):595-603.
Published online December 23, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.595

Trichomonas vaginalis secretes a number of proteases which are suspected to be the cause of pathogenesis; however, little is understood how they manipulate host cells. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. We detected various types of metalloproteinases including GP63 protein from T. vaginalis trophozoites, and T. vaginalis GP63 metalloproteinase was confirmed by sequencing and western blot. When SiHa cells were stimulated with live T. vaginalis, T. vaginalis excretory-secretory products (ESP) or T. vaginalis lysate, live T. vaginalis and T. vaginalis ESP induced the mTOR cleavage in both time- and parasite load-dependent manner, but T. vaginalis lysate did not. Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with a metalloproteinase inhibitor, 1,10-phenanthroline, completely disappeared the mTOR cleavage in SiHa cells. Collectively, T. vaginalis metallopeptidase induces host cell mTOR cleavage, which may be related to survival of the parasite.

Citations

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  • Chromatin accessibility and gene expression in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
    Agustina Prat, Daniela Muñoz, Ayelen Lizarraga, Julieta Seifert-Gorzycki, Estefania Sanchez-Vazquez, Patricia J. Johnson, Pablo H. Strobl-Mazzulla, Natalia de Miguel
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Metallopeptidases as Key Virulence Attributes of Clinically Relevant Protozoa: New Discoveries, Perspectives, and Frontiers of Knowledge
    Graziela Vargas Rigo, Fernanda Gomes Cardoso, Giulia Bongiorni Galego, Deisiane Fernanda da Rosa, André Luis Souza dos Santos, Tiana Tasca
    Current Protein & Peptide Science.2023; 24(4): 307.     CrossRef
  • VPS32, a member of the ESCRT complex, modulates adherence to host cells in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis by affecting biogenesis and cargo sorting of released extracellular vesicles
    Nehuén Salas, Veronica M. Coceres, Tuanne dos Santos Melo, Antonio Pereira-Neves, Vanina G. Maguire, Tania M. Rodriguez, Bruna Sabatke, Marcel I. Ramirez, Jihui Sha, James A. Wohlschlegel, Natalia de Miguel
    Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adherent Bacteria and Parasiticidal Secretion Products of Human Cervicovaginal Microbiota-Associated Lactobacillus gasseri Confer Non-Identical Cell Protection against Trichomonas vaginalis-Induced Cell Detachment
    Bénédicte Pradines, Séverine Domenichini, Vanessa Lievin-Le Moal
    Pharmaceuticals.2022; 15(11): 1350.     CrossRef
  • The 50 kDa metalloproteinase TvMP50 is a zinc-mediated Trichomonas vaginalis virulence factor
    Jonathan Puente-Rivera, José Luis Villalpando, Alma Villalobos-Osnaya, Laura Isabel Vázquez-Carrillo, Gloria León-Ávila, María Dolores Ponce-Regalado, César López-Camarillo, Jose Miguel Elizalde-Contreras, Eliel Ruiz-May, Rossana Arroyo, María Elizbeth Al
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    Wei Zhang, Jiaxin Yang, Dongyan Cao, Yan You, Keng Shen, Peng Peng
    Tumor Biology.2016; 37(12): 15763.     CrossRef
  • Involvement of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways for TNF-α Production in SiHa Cervical Mucosal Epithelial Cells Infected with <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>
    Jung-Bo Yang, Juan-Hua Quan, Ye-Eun Kim, Yun-Ee Rhee, Byung-Hyun Kang, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 371.     CrossRef
  • 11,445 View
  • 103 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communications

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis by PCR in Men Attending a Primary Care Urology Clinic in South Korea
Jun-Hyeok Seo, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Yu-Ran Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Eun Sang Yoo, Won Kee Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):551-555.
Published online October 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.551

Trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. Despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR, few prospective studies present data on male T. vaginalis infection in South Korea. In the present study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary care urology clinic in South Korea. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in our cohort was 4% (8/201) by PCR. T. vaginalis infection was common in men older than 40 years (median age, 52 years). Among the 8 Trichomonas-positive patients, 87.5% (7/8) had prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 25.0% (2/8) and 12.5% (1/8) were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. Our results suggest that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in men attending primary care urology clinics in South Korea, especially in those older than 40 years, in whom it may explain the presence of prostatic disease. The possibility of T. vaginalis infection should be routinely considered in older male patients with prostatic diseases in South Korea.

Citations

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  • Trichomoniasis in Men: A Neglected Factor in Male Infertility?
    Seyed Ali Hosseini, Mohammad Matini, Maryam Bahmanzadeh, Reza Aslani, Faeze Foroughi-Parvar
    Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and infection risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Wenjie Tian, Yuhua Li, Yani Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Yiran Qin, Yalin Han, Dongxian Li, Shuai Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang
    Parasite.2025; 32: 56.     CrossRef
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    K. Chukwuemeka Obetta, Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna, Dorida Nneka Oyigbo, Oliver Onyemaechi Ugwu, Kenneth Okonkwo Ugwu, Beatrice N. Onah, Chinasa Maryrose Ugwunnadi, Joseph O. Acha, Ngozi Uzoamaka Chuke, Ogechi Nkemjika, Onyinyechi Elizabeth Okoye
    Medicine.2023; 102(37): e34585.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Genotype of Trichomonas vaginalis among Men in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
    Zhenchao Zhang, Yuhui Sang, Pucheng Wu, Yujia Shang, Lesong Li, Yujuan Duan, Linfei Zhao, Minghui Gao, Lihua Guo, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei, Jianbing Mu
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  • Inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Ik-Hwan Han, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • Urogenital Trichomonas vaginalis infection in males: a case report and retrospective analysis of a 10‐year period in a tertiary hospital
    Miguel Alpalhão, Luís Marques‐Lito, Paulo Filipe, João Borges‐Costa
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    Musafer H. Al-Ardi
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  • Comparison of Seropositivity to Trichomonas vaginalis between Men with Prostatic Tumor and Normal Men
    Jung-Hyun Kim, Hong-Sang Moon, Kyu-Shik Kim, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Jae-Sook Ryu, Sung-Yul Park
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  • Comparison of Two PCR Assays for Trichomonas vaginalis
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    Sun Huh
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    Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Won-Myung Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
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    Jae-Sook Ryu
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Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis
Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):479-484.
Published online August 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.479

Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. In this study, we examined superoxide anion (O2.-) production by neutrophils activated by T. vaginalis. Human neutrophils produced superoxide anions when stimulated with either a lysate of T. vaginalis, its membrane component (MC), or excretory-secretory product (ESP). To assess the role of trichomonad protease in production of superoxide anions by neutrophils, T. vaginalis lysate, ESP, and MC were each pretreated with a protease inhibitor cocktail before incubation with neutrophils. Superoxide anion production was significantly decreased by this treatment. Trichomonad growth was inhibited by preincubation with supernatants of neutrophils incubated for 3 hr with T. vaginalis lysate. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production by neutrophils was stimulated by live trichomonads. These results indicate that the production of superoxide anions and MPO by neutrophils stimulated with T. vaginalis may be a part of defense mechanisms of neutrophils in trichomoniasis.

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The Dimension of Trichomonas vaginalis as Measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Sang-Hoon Cheon, Seung Ryong Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):243-246.
Published online April 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.243

It is known that physicochemical conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and ionic strength) affect the size of trichomonads. In this study, the sizes of 4 isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis cultured for more than a year (called "old T") and 3 isolates freshly isolated from vaginitis cases (called "fresh T") were compared by scanning electron microscopy. Although the fresh T had shorter body length, body width, and flagellar length than old T, total length (about 26 ?m), including body length, flagella length, and axostyle length was almost the same in the 2 groups. A striking difference was observed between the axostyles of the 2 groups; the axostyle length of the fresh T (8.2 ?m) was more than twice as long as that of the old T (4.0 ?m). However, in several parasitology textbooks, the length of T. vaginalis is said to vary widely from 7 to 32 ?m, and its undulating membrane is said to extend about half way (53.5%) to the posterior end of the body. On the other hand, in our study, the undulating membrane was observed to extend more than 3/4 of the body length (72.1%) in old T, whereas in fresh T it could not be measured. Taken together, we suggest that T. vaginalis averages 26 (21-32) ?m in total length, with 9.5 (7.4-11.4) ?m of body length and 6.8 (5.3-7.7) ?m of width, and its undulating membrane extending 3/4 of its body length. Therefore, these findings may provide useful information for morphological characteristics of T. vaginalis.

Citations

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PCR for Diagnosis of Male Trichomonas vaginalis Infection with Chronic Prostatitis and Urethritis
Jong Jin Lee, Hong Sang Moon, Tchun Yong Lee, Hwan Sik Hwang, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):157-159.
Published online May 24, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.157

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among male patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis and urethritis. Between June 2001 and December 2003, a total of 33 patients visited the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital and were examined for T. vaginalis infection by PCR and culture in TYM medium. For the PCR, we used primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650). Voided bladder urine (VB1 and VB3) was sampled from 33 men with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (urethral charge, residual urine sensation, and frequency). Culture failed to detect any T. vaginalis infection whereas PCR identified 7 cases of trichomoniasis (21.2%). Five of the 7 cases had been diagnosed with prostatitis and 2 with urethritis. PCR for the 5 prostatitis cases yielded a positive 330 bp band from bothVB1 and VB3, whereas positive results were only obtained from VB1 for the 2 urethritis patients. We showed that the PCR method could detect T. vaginalis when there was only 1 T. vaginalis cell per PCR mixture. Our results strongly support the usefulness of PCR on urine samples for detecting T. vaginalis in chronic prostatitis and urethritis patients.

Citations

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NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products
Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):291-294.
Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.291

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated lumen-dwelling extracellular protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis via sexual intercourse. Human neutrophils play a crucial role in acute tissue inflammatory responses in T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanism of neutrophil responses when stimulated with T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP), which were collected from 1×107 live trichomonads. Incubation of human neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood with TvSP induced up-regulation of IL-8 protein secretion. In addition, stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and CREB in neutrophils. Moreover, TvSP-induced IL-8 production was also significantly inhibited by pretreatment of neutrophils with iκB inhibitor or CREB inhibitor. These results suggest that transcription factors NF-κB and CREB are involved in IL-8 production in human neutrophils induced by stimulation with T. vaginalis infection.

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    Joshua A. Kochanowsky, Emma L. Betts, Gabriel Encinas, Johnson Amoah, Patricia J. Johnson
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    Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
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    Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
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Identification of Antigenic Proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis
Hye-Yeon Lee, Sujin Hyung, Jong Woong Lee, Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):79-83.
Published online March 18, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.79

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. To study the virulence factors of this pathogen, T. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of T. vaginalis. The T. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cDNA derived from mRNA of T. vaginalis into a phage λ Uni-ZAP XR vector, and then used for immunoscreening with the anti-membrane proteins of T. vaginalis antibodies. The immunoreactive proteins identified included adhesion protein AP65-1, α-actinin, kinesin-associated protein, teneurin, and 2 independent hypothetical proteins. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AP65-1, one of the identified immunogenic clones, is prevalent in the whole body of T. vaginalis. This study led us to identify T. vaginalis proteins which may stimulate immune responses by human cells.

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  • The Multifaceted Functions of Lactoferrin in Antimicrobial Defense and Inflammation
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    Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Julio César Torres‐Romero, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Antonio Euan‐Canto, Leidi Cristal Alvarez‐Sánchez
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  • The molecular characterization and immune protection of adhesion protein 65 (AP65) of Trichomonas vaginalis
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    Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 152: 104750.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Yeon Lee, Juri Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park
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    Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados, José Luis Villalpando, Laura Isabel Vázquez-Carrillo, Rossana Arroyo, Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández, María Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez
    Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2013; 12(7): 1953.     CrossRef
  • Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men
    Calvin J. Neace, J. F. Alderete
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2013; 51(8): 2483.     CrossRef
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Original Articles

Delayed Human Neutrophil Apoptosis by Trichomonas vaginalis Lysate
Hyun-Ouk Song, Young-Su Lim, Sun-Joo Moon, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):1-7.
Published online March 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.1

Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.

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  • The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women: A review
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    Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
    Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794.     CrossRef
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    María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
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    F. J. Rangel-Mata, E. E. Ávila-Muro, J. E. Reyes-Martínez, L. M. Olmos-Ortiz, M. E. Brunck, L. A. Arriaga-Pizano, P. Cuéllar-Mata
    Parasitology.2021; 148(13): 1624.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells
    Fei Fei Gao, Juan-Hua Quan, Min A. Lee, Wei Ye, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
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    H R J Al-abodi, K T M Al-Shaibani, E M Shaker
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2019; 1234(1): 012078.     CrossRef
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  • Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
    Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin
    Inflammation Research.2012; 61(2): 97.     CrossRef
  • NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced byTrichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products
    Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 291.     CrossRef
  • Trichomoniasis
    Jae-Sook Ryu
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • 10,082 View
  • 94 Download
  • Crossref
Proinflammatory Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Production by Human Macrophages Stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis
Ik-Hwan Han, Sung Young Goo, Soon-Jung Park, Se-Jin Hwang, Yong-Seok Kim, Michael Sungwoo Yang, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):205-212.
Published online August 28, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.205

Trichomonas vaginalis commonly causes vaginitis and perhaps cervicitis in women and urethritis in men and women. Macrophages are important immune cells in response to T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated whether human macrophages could be involved in inflammation induced by T. vaginalis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were co-cultured with T. vaginalis. Live, opsonized-live trichomonads, and T. vaginalis lysates increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by HMDM. The involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in cytokine production induced by T. vaginalis was confirmed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB. In addition, stimulation with live T. vaginalis induced marked augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels in HMDM. However, trichomonad-induced NF-κB activation and TNF-α production in macrophages were significantly inhibited by inhibition of iNOS levels with L-NMMA (NO synthase inhibitor). Moreover, pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitors (PDTC or Bay11-7082) caused human macrophages to produce less TNF-α. These results suggest that T. vaginalis stimulates human macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, and NO. In particular, we showed that T. vaginalis induced TNF-α production in macrophages through NO-dependent activation of NF-κB, which might be closely involved in inflammation caused by T. vaginalis.

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    Purinergic Signalling.2012; 8(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
    Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin
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  • Trichomoniasis
    Jae-Sook Ryu
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • 11,802 View
  • 118 Download
  • Crossref
Double-stranded RNA virus in Korean Isolate IH-2 of Trichomonas vaginalis
Jong Wook Kim, Pyung-Rim Chung, Myung-Ki Hwang, Eun Young Choi
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(2):87-94.
Published online June 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.87

In this study, we describe Korean isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis infected with double-stranded (ds) RNA virus (TVV). One T. vaginalis isolate infected with TVV IH-2 evidenced weak pathogenicity in the mouse assay coupled with the persistent presence of a dsRNA, thereby indicating a hypovirulence effect of dsRNA in T. vaginalis. Cloning and sequence analysis results revealed that the genomic dsRNA of TVV IH-2 was 4,647 bp in length and evidenced a sequence identity of 80% with the previously-described TVV 1-1 and 1-5, but only a 42% identity with TVV 2-1 and 3 isolates. It harbored 2 overlapping open reading frames of the putative capsid protein and dsRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). As previously observed in the TVV isolates 1-1 and 1-5, a conserved ribosomal slippage heptamer (CCUUUUU) and its surrounding sequence context within the consensus 14-nt overlap implied the gene expression of a capsid protein-RdRp fusion protein, occurring as the result of a potential ribosomal frameshift event. The phylogenetic analysis of RdRp showed that the Korean TVV IH-2 isolate formed a compact group with TVV 1-1 and 1-5 isolates, which was divergent from TVV 2-1, 3 and other viral isolates classified as members of the Giardiavirus genus.

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  • ՏՐԻԽՈՄՈՆԱՍ ՎԱԳԻՆԱԼԻՍ ՎԻՐՈՒՍԻ (TVV) ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԿԱՆԱՆՑ ՄԻԶԱՍԵՌԱԿԱՆ ՏՐԻԽՈՄՈՆԻԱԶԻ ՎՐԱ
    G.K. Ghardyan
    MEDICINE, SCIENCE AND EDUCATION.2024; (37): 70.     CrossRef
  • Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (Family Totiviridae)
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  • Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis Concurrently Infected by Strains of Up to Four Trichomonasvirus Species (Family Totiviridae)
    Russell P. Goodman, Taylor S. Freret, Tomasz Kula, Alexander M. Geller, Megan W. T. Talkington, Vanessa Tang-Fernandez, Olimpia Suciu, Aleksander A. Demidenko, Said A. Ghabrial, David H. Beach, Bibhuti N. Singh, Raina N. Fichorova, Max L. Nibert
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Brief Communication

Hydrogenosomal activity of Trichomonas vaginalis cultivated under different iron conditions
Yong-Seok Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Ik-Hwa Choi, Soon-Jung Park, Jae-Sook Ryu
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):373-378.
Published online December 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.373

To evaluate whether iron concentration in TYM medium influence on hydrogenosomal enzyme gene expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential of Trichomonas vaginalis, trophozoites were cultivated in iron-depleted, normal and iron-supplemented TYM media. The mRNA of hydrogenosomal enzymes, such as pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), hydrogenase, ferredoxin and malic enzyme, was increased with iron concentrations in T. vaginalis culture media, measured by RT-PCR. Hydrogenosomal membrane potentials measured with DiOC6 also showed similar tendency, e.g. T. vaginalis cultivated in iron-depleted and iron-supplemented media for 3 days showed a significantly reduced and enhanced hydrogenosomal membrane potential compared with that of normal TYM media, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that iron may regulate hydrogenosomal activity through hydrogenosomal enzyme expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential.

Citations

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  • Molecular Targets Implicated in the Antiparasitic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Phytochemical Curcumin in Trichomoniasis
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    Hyun-Ouk Song
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    Wei-Hung Cheng, Kuo-Yang Huang, Po-Jung Huang, Jo-Hsuan Hsu, Yi-Kai Fang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Petrus Tang
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    Elisa Figueroa-Angulo, Jaeson Calla-Choque, Maria Mancilla-Olea, Rossana Arroyo
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  • Optimal Reference Genes for Gene Expression Normalization in Trichomonas vaginalis
    Odelta dos Santos, Graziela de Vargas Rigo, Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Alexandre José Macedo, Tiana Tasca, Robert W Dettman
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  • Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis
    Jae-Sook Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61.     CrossRef
  • Hydrogenosome Metabolism Is the Key Target for Antiparasitic Activity of Resveratrol against Trichomonas vaginalis
    Natalia Mallo, Jesús Lamas, José M. Leiro
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2013; 57(6): 2476.     CrossRef
  • Responsiveness of Trichomonas vaginalis to iron concentrations: Evidence for a post-transcriptional iron regulation by an IRE/IRP-like system
    J.C. Torres-Romero, R. Arroyo
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2009; 9(6): 1065.     CrossRef
  • Proinflammatory Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Production by Human Macrophages Stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis
    Ik-Hwan Han, Sung Young Goo, Soon-Jung Park, Se-Jin Hwang, Yong-Seok Kim, Michael Sungwoo Yang, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(3): 205.     CrossRef
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    Shahed Ardalan, B. Craig Lee, Gary E. Garber
    Experimental Parasitology.2009; 121(4): 300.     CrossRef
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    M. H. AHN, H. O. SONG, J. S. RYU
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  • 113 Download
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Mini Review

Trichomonas vaginalis and trichomoniasis in the Republic of Korea
Jae-Sook Ryu, Duk-Young Min
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):101-116.
Published online June 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.101

Vaginal trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common sexually transmitted disease. More than 170 million people worldwide are annually infected by this protozoan. In the Republic of Korea, 10.4% of women complaining of vaginal symptoms and signs were found to be infected with T. vaginalis. However, despite its high prevalence, the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis infection has not been clearly characterized although neutrophil infiltration is considered to be primarily responsible for the cytologic changes associated with this infection. We hypothesized that trichomonads in the vagina sometime after an acute infection secrete proteins like excretory-secretory product that have a chemotactic effect on neutrophils, and that these neutrophils are further stimulated by T. vaginalis to produce chemokines like IL-8 and GRO-α, which further promote neutrophil recruitment and chemotaxis. Thus, neutrophil accumulation is believed to maintain or aggravate inflammation. However, enhanced neutrophil apoptosis induced by live T. vaginalis could contribute to resolution of inflammation. Macrophages may constitute an important component of host defense against T. vaginalis infection. For example, mouse macrophages alone and those activated by lymphokines or nitric oxide are known to be involved in the extracellular killing of T. vaginalis. In the host, T. vaginalis uses a capping phenomenon to cleave host immunoglobulins with proteinases and thus escape from host immune responses. Recently, we developed a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650), and found that the method enables the detection of T. vaginalis at concentrations as low as 1 cell per PCR mixture.

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  • Structural details and composition of Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan in relevance to the epithelial immune function
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Original Articles

Degradations of human immunoglobulins and hemoglobin by a 60 kDa cysteine proteinase of Trichomonas vaginalis
Duk-Young Min, Keun-Hee Hyun, Jae-Sook Ryu, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Myung-Hwan Cho
Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):261-268.
Published online December 20, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.261

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of cysteine proteinase of Trichomonas vaginalis in escaping from host defense mechanism. A cysteine proteinase of T. vaginalis was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Optimum pH for the purified proteinase activity was 6.0. The proteinase was inhibited by cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors such as E-64, NEM, IAA, leupeptin, TPCK and TLCK, and also by Hg2+, but not affected by serine-, metallo-, and aspartic proteinase inhibitors such as PMSF, EDTA and pepstatin A. However, it was activated by the cysteine proteinase activator, DTT. The molecular weight of a purified proteinase was 62 kDa on gel filtration and 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Interestingly, the purified proteinase was able to degrade serum IgA, secretory IgA, and serum IgG in time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, the enzyme also degraded hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the acidic cysteine proteinase of T. vaginalis may play a dual role for parasite survival in conferring escape from host humoral defense by degradation of immunoglobulins, and in supplying nutrients to parasites by degradation of hemoglobin.

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    Magda Reyes-López, Beatriz Aguirre-Armenta, Carolina Piña-Vázquez, Mireya de la Garza, Jesús Serrano-Luna
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Namarta Kalia, Jatinder Singh, Manpreet Kaur
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Namarta Kalia, Jatinder Singh, Manpreet Kaur
    Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ewelina Mielczarek, Joanna Blaszkowska
    Infection.2016; 44(4): 447.     CrossRef
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    Camila Braz Menezes, Tiana Tasca
    Biomedical Journal.2016; 39(4): 234.     CrossRef
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    Gerardo Ramírez‐Rico, Moisés Martínez‐Castillo, Mireya de la Garza, Mineko Shibayama, Jesús Serrano‐Luna
    Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2015; 62(5): 614.     CrossRef
  • Biological roles of cysteine proteinases in the pathogenesis ofTrichomonas vaginalis
    Hilda M. Hernández, Ricardo Marcet, Jorge Sarracent
    Parasite.2014; 21: 54.     CrossRef
  • Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis
    Jae-Sook Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61.     CrossRef
  • Trichomoniasis
    Jae-Sook Ryu
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • Identification and characterization of a surface-associated, subtilisin-like serine protease inTrichomonas vaginalis
    PABLO HERNÁNDEZ-ROMANO, ROBERTO HERNÁNDEZ, ROSSANA ARROYO, JOHN F. ALDERETE, IMELDA LÓPEZ-VILLASEÑOR
    Parasitology.2010; 137(11): 1621.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis: The adhesins AP51 and AP65 bind heme and hemoglobin
    Shahed Ardalan, B. Craig Lee, Gary E. Garber
    Experimental Parasitology.2009; 121(4): 300.     CrossRef
  • Induction of human host cell apoptosis by Trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteases is modulated by parasite exposure to iron
    Shelley Kummer, Gary R. Hayes, Robert O. Gilbert, David H. Beach, John J. Lucas, Bibhuti N. Singh
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2008; 44(3): 197.     CrossRef
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    Silvana Torossian Coradi, Semíramis Guimarães
    Parasitology Research.2006; 99(2): 131.     CrossRef
  • Trichomonas vaginalis and trichomoniasis in the Republic of Korea
    Jae-Sook Ryu, Duk-Young Min
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(2): 101.     CrossRef
  • Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis Cysteine Proteases That Induce Apoptosis in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells
    Ulf Sommer, Catherine E. Costello, Gary R. Hayes, David H. Beach, Robert O. Gilbert, John J. Lucas, Bibhuti N. Singh
    Journal of Biological Chemistry.2005; 280(25): 23853.     CrossRef
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    B. N. Singh, J. J. Lucas, G. R. Hayes, Ish Kumar, D. H. Beach, Marcel Frajblat, R. O. Gilbert, U. Sommer, C. E. Costello
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Biological and biochemical modulation of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate after shifting of culture medium from TPS-1 into TYM
Jae-Sook Ryu, Ryung Choi, So-Young Park, Hyun Park, Duk-Young Min
Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):255-260.
Published online December 20, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.255

To evaluate the biological and biochemical characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate, the growth and size of trichomonads, pathogenicity in mouse, protein profiles and proteinase activity were examined after shifting the medium from TPS-1 into TYM. Generation time of trichomonads in TYM medium was 4.5 hr in comparison to TPS-1 with 7.1 hr. Size of trichomonads cultured in TPS-1 medium (8.5 ± 0.9 × 6.0 ± 0.9 ?m) was significantly smaller than those in TYM medium (10.9 ± 1.4 × 8.2 ± 0.9 ?m). Trichomonads cultured in TYM medium produced subcutaneous abscess in 9 out of 10 mice, whereas those in TPS-1 medium produced abscesses in 2 out of 10 mice. In SDS-PAGE, trichomonad lysates from both media showed ten common bands. However, trichomonads in TYM medium showed additional bands of 136 kDa, 116 kDa and 40 kDa in comparison to those in TPS-1 with 100 kDa. By immunoblot with T. vaginalis-immunized rabbit sera, T. vaginalis cultivated in both TYM and TPS-1 media showed 5 common bands, and unique bands of 116 kDa, 105 kDa, and 86 kDa were observed in trichomonads in TYM while a 140 kDa band in those in TPS-1. In gelatin SDS-PAGE, trichomonads in TYM degraded gelatin stronger than those in TPS-1. Also protease activity of trichomonads in TYM was significantly higher than that of trichomonads in TPS-1 using Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-Nan as a substrate. According to the results, it is assumed that the shift from TPS-1 into TYM medium for cultivation of T. vaginalis might modulate the biological and biochemical properties of T. vaginalis in vitro.

Citations

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  • Inhibitory effect of bee venom on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Ji-Hae Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Mi-Young Lee
    Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences.2014; 6(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • The Dimension of Trichomonas vaginalis as Measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy
    Sang-Hoon Cheon, Seung Ryong Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(2): 243.     CrossRef
  • Growth kinetics, antigen profiling, and proteinase activity of Egyptian Trichomonas tenax isolates derived from patients having oral infections
    Mahmoud M. El Sibaei, Nashwa S. Abdel-Fattah, Sabah A. Ahmed, Hanan M. Abou-Seri
    Experimental Parasitology.2012; 130(4): 416.     CrossRef
  • Phenotypic ‘variant’ forms of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites from cervical neoplasia patients
    Afzan M. Yusof, Suresh Kumar
    Experimental Parasitology.2012; 131(3): 267.     CrossRef
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Brief Communications
Genetic variance of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by Southern hybridization
Jae-Sook Ryu, Duk-Young Min, Myeong-Heon Shin, Youl-Hee Cho
Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(3):207-211.
Published online September 20, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.3.207

In the present study, genomic DNAs were purified from Korean isolates (KT8, KT6, KT-Kim and KT-Lee) and foreign strains (CDC85, IR78 and NYH 286) of Trichomonas vaginalis, and hybridized with a probe based on the repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis to observe the genetic differences. By Southern hybridization, all isolates of T. vaginalis except the NYH286 strain had 11 bands. Therefore all isolates examined were distinguishable into 3 groups according to their banding patterns; i) KT8, KT6 and KT-Kim isolates had 11 identical bands such as 1 kb, 1.2 kb, 1.6 kb, 1.9 kb, 2.3 kb, 2.7 kb, 3.2 kb, 3.4 kb, 3.8 kb, 4.9 kb and 6.0 kb. ii) The metronidazole-resistant IR78 strain had the same bands as KT-Lee isolate at bands of 1 kb, 1.2 kb, 1.6 kb, 1.8 kb, 2.1 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.7 kb, 2.9 kb, 3.4 kb, 5.0 kb and 6.0 kb. Bands of CDC85, metronidazole-resistant strain, were similar to those of IR78 and KT-Lee, except that 3.2 kb replaced 2.9 kb. iii) NYH286 particularly had 12 bands and band patterns were similar to IR78 with a few exceptions as follows: i) 6.2 kb in place of 6.0 kb, ii) 2.0 kb and 2.2 kb instead of 2.1 kb. Through the results obtained, genetic variance of T. vaginalis isolates was demonstrated by Southern hybridization.

Citations

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  • Population structure and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in Australia and Ghana
    Daniel S. Squire, Alan J. Lymbery, Jennifer Walters, Frances Brigg, Andrea Paparini, R.C. Andrew Thompson
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 82: 104318.     CrossRef
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    Rennisha Chetty, Nonkululeko Mabaso, Nathlee Abbai
    Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
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    Hilda Hernández, Jorge Fraga, Ricardo Marcet, Annia Alba, Mabel Figueredo, Yenisey Alfonso, Lázara Rojas, Jorge Sarracent
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    John C Meade, Jane M Carlton
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    Denise C. Cornelius, D. Ashley Robinson, Christina A. Muzny, Leandro A. Mena, David M. Aanensen, William B. Lushbaugh, John C. Meade
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2012; 50(10): 3293.     CrossRef
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    Jorge Fraga, Lazara Rojas, Idalia Sariego, Ayme Fernández-Calienes
    Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(2): 593.     CrossRef
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    Lazara Rojas, Jorge Fraga, Idalia Sariego
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2004; 4(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • 8,748 View
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Prevalence and Comparison of Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Pregnant Women in Argentina
Perazzi, Beatriz E , Menghi, Claudia I , Coppolillo, Enrique F , Gatta, Claudia , Eliseth, Martha Cora , de Torres, Ramon A , Vay, Carlos A , Famiglietti, Angela M
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):61-65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.61
The
objective
s of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis was made by different microscopic examinations, and culture on liquid medium. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were assessed considering culture on liquid medium as the "gold standard". The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by culture on liquid medium was 4.0% (24/597). The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by direct wet smear, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue staining-fixing technique was 1.8%, 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the direct wet smear was 45.8%, that of the prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining was 58.3%, and that of the SAF/methylene blue method was 62.5%. Considering the 3 microscopic examinations altogether, the sensitivity rose to 66.7% and the specificity was 100% for all of them. This is the first time that the prevalence data of T. vaginalis by culture in pregnant women are published in Argentina. Due to the low sensitivity obtained by microscopy in asymptomatic pregnant women, the use of the liquid medium is recommended during pregnancy, in order to provide an early diagnosis and treatment.

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    Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sayuri Herath, Thivya Balendran, Akila Herath, Devika Iddawela, Susiji Wickramasinghe, Ali Rostami
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    Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mahbobeh Taghavi, Karan Hasanjani Saravi, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Hamed Kalani, Ahmad Mardani, Ogholniaz Jorjani, Zahra Hosseinikhah, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Mehran Gholami, Mahdi Fakhar
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  • Optimization of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis during Pregnancy at a University Hospital, Argentina
    Pamela Testardini, María Lucía Gallo Vaulet, Andrea Carolina Entrocassi, Claudia Menghi, Martha Cora Eliseht, Claudia Gatta, Mirta Losada, María Sol Touzón, Ana Corominas, Carlos Vay, Silvio Tatti, Angela Famiglietti, Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin, Beatriz P
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    Hanan A. O. Abd Allha, A. Fazari, Khalid Y. M. Ahmed
    Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2016; 06(09): 539.     CrossRef
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    Naser Nazari, Maryam Zangeneh, Fatemeh Moradi, Arezoo Bozorgomid
    Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    ISRN Infectious Diseases.2013; 2013: 1.     CrossRef
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