Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"parasite"

Original Article

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in alpacas: A preliminary 1-year longitudinal study on a farm in Jeju, Korea: Seung-Ho Ryu, Eliot Forbes, Heon Woo Lee, Emmnuel Opara, Seongjun Choe; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):293-302.
Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25042

Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), native to South America, were recently introduced to Korea, primarily for tourism-related activities. However, information on their parasitic infections in alpacas within the region are limited. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in an alpaca herd on a single farm in Korea and to assess the potential risks for reinfection and interspecies transmission. Between June 2022 and June 2023 (excluding December 2022 and January 2023), fecal samples were collected monthly from a herd of 61 alpacas housed on a farm on Jeju Island, Korea. Coprological examination of 406 samples was performed using a modified McMaster technique, and parasites were identified morphologically. Six gastrointestinal parasite taxa were identified: strongyles, Trichuris sp., capillarids, Moniezia sp., Eimeria lamae, and Eimeria macusaniensis. The overall gastrointestinal parasite prevalence was 11.3%, with strongyles and Trichuris sp. most frequently identified. No seasonal trends were observed, and mixed infections were present in five animals. The prevalence was markedly lower compared with reports from Japan, Poland, and Australia, reflecting the restricted pasture access implemented by Korea’s alpaca management systems, which are primarily tourism-oriented. Neither Nematodirus spp. nor zoonotic parasites were detected. This is the first longitudinal investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in alpacas in Korea. Although the overall prevalence was low, environmental contamination and the risk of reinfection are ongoing concerns. These findings highlight the need for routine surveillance, targeted parasite control, and consistent veterinary oversight, particularly as alpaca populations expand in Korea.

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Brief Communications

Detection of intestinal parasites in leopard cat fecal samples using shotgun metagenomics: Jun Ho Choi, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Dongjun Kang, Du-Yeol Choi, Xavier Chavarria, Arwa Shatta, Yoon Hee Cho, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee, Ju Yeong Kim; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):349-353.
Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25032

The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is a wild felid species that serves as a reservoir of zoonotic parasites. In this study, we investigated intestinal parasite taxa by reanalyzing previously published shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from fecal samples of wild leopard cats using a custom 18S rRNA gene reference database constructed from the NCBI nucleotide database. Among 11 metagenomic samples, 5 parasite species were identified: Toxoplasma gondii, Clonorchis sinensis, Strongyloides planiceps, Cylicospirura petrowi, and Pharyngostomum cordatum. These findings demonstrate that shotgun metagenomic analysis of fecal samples can be a useful tool for monitoring zoonotic parasite infections in this species and for investigating parasite life cycles. However, this approach is limited by its dependence on existing reference databases and requires experimental validation of the findings.

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Problems in Japanese archaeoparasitology: Analysis of paleo-parasitic eggs from Hachinohe Castle: Hisashi Fujita, Masako Funaba, Shiori O. Fujisawa; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):278-283.
Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25031

Abstract
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During the Edo period, Hachinohe Castle served as the residence of the Nanbu clan, the lords of the Hachinohe domain, and simultaneously functioned as the local government office. Although an analytical company reported on the soil samples from toilet remains within the castle, this study conducted a new analysis. Not only were Trichuris trichiura eggs found in Layer 21, but Metagonimus yokogawai and Dibothriocephalus nihonkaienesis eggs were also present. In Layer 20, which was initially thought to be free of parasitic organisms, T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and M. yokogawai eggs were discovered. This paper discusses the differing results from previous studies, which demonstrate that the analytical methodology of Japanese archaeoparasitology is not yet well established, and suggests ways to improve it.

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Original Articles

Performance validation of the BD MAX Enteric Parasite Panel using simulated samples in low endemic regions: Bosung Park, Eun Jeong Won, Heungsup Sung, Mi-Na Kim; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):50-56.
Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24071

Abstract
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Molecular diagnostics are essential for detecting intestinal parasites, but evaluating clinical samples from low endemic areas, including Korea, is challenging. We tested the performance of the BD MAX Enteric Parasite Panel in simulated samples for clinical use. Simulated samples were prepared with residual stool samples to confirm the diagnostic performance of the kits. Standard materials for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica were obtained for assessment. Limit of detection was determined by diluting standard materials into multiple concentrations and testing each in duplicate. Repeatability was assessed by retesting all samples twice. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing BD MAX System results with intended results. The limit of detection values obtained using standard materials were 781 cysts/ml, 6,250 oocysts/ml, and 125 DNA copies/ml for G. lamblia, C. parvum, and E. histolytica, respectively. Simulated G. lamblia-positive stool samples with concentrations above 6,250 cysts/ml consistently yielded positive results (100% concordance). However, C. parvum-positive stool samples at 6,250 oocysts/ml showed 50% concordance initially and 75% after retesting. At 62,500 oocysts/ml, the concordance rates were 89% initially and 100% after retesting. Overall agreement was 95.2%, but that for C. parvum was relatively low (82.4%). The diagnostic performances were 87.8% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. Despite the limited clinical samples, BD MAX Enteric Parasite Panel showed good performance for clinical use, and spiked samples proved useful for evaluating protozoan PCR in low-incidence regions.

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Infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand: Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(4):461-475.
Published online November 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24033

This study aimed to investigate the infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand. The snails were collected from 35 sites during 2 cycles of the wet (July–October) and dry (November–June) seasons in 2018–2019. A total of 29,420 snails representing 24 species/subspecies were examined for cercarial infection using shedding and crushing techniques. We found that 1,275 snails from 12 species/subspecies were infected, resulting in an overall prevalence of 4.3%. Infections were significantly higher (p<0.001) during the wet season (5.9%; 970/16,473) than during the dry season (2.4%; 305/12,947). Morphological identification revealed 37 distinct types within 15 morphotypes, with the armatae morphotype showing the highest infection rate (1.8%) and the greatest cercarial diversity (8 distinct types). This study highlights the health risk posed by the Bithynia siamensis siamensis, which was the second most prevalent (8.5%) and hosted the greatest cercarial diversity (11 morphotypes, 15 distinct types). This subspecies also displayed a wide distribution range (31 localities) with a generally high occurrence frequency in the BMR. This study firstly documents a gymnophallid digenean as a freshwater digenean, presenting evidence of a dichotoma cercarial morphotype from 4 species/subspecies (Filopaludina martensi martensi, F. sumatrensis polygramma, B. siamensis siamensis, and Wattebledia siamensis) with a low infection range (0.1–0.4%). A staggering diversity of cercariae was observed in the BMR canal networks with seasonal fluctuations. The B. siamensis siamensis displayed notable epidemiological importance in the BMR flowing-water networks. This study provides quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptions and measurement guidelines for the dichotoma cercaria in Thailand.

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Brief Communication

Organ-specific Toxocara canis larvae migration and host immune response in experimentally infected mice: Min Seok Kim, Yan Jin, Se Joon Woo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(2):243-250.
Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23125

Abstract
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We investigated organ specific Toxocara canis larval migration in mice infected with T. canis larvae. We observed the worm burden and systemic immune responses. Three groups of BALB/c mice (n=5 each) were orally administered 1,000 T. canis 2nd stage larvae to induce larva migrans. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 weeks post-infection. Liver, lung, brain, and eye tissues were collected. Tissue from 2 mice per group was digested for larval count, while the remaining 3 mice underwent histological analysis. Blood hematology and serology were evaluated and compared to that in a control uninfected group (n=5) to assess the immune response. Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were also analyzed. We found that, 1 week post-infection, the mean parasite load in the liver (72±7.1), brain (31±4.2), lungs (20±5.7), and eyes (2±0) peaked and stayed constant until the 3 weeks. By 5-week post-infection, the worm burden in the liver and lungs significantly decreased to 10±4.2 and 9±5.7, respectively, while they remained relatively stable in the brain and eyes (18±4.2 and 1±0, respectively). Interestingly, ocular larvae resided in all retinal layers, without notable inflammation in outer retina. Mice infected with T. canis exhibited elevated levels of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E. At 5 weeks post-infection, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels were elevated in BAL fluid. Whereas IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and interferon-γ levels in BAL fluid were similar to that in controls. Our findings demonstrate that a small portion of T. canis larvae migrate to the eyes and brain within the first week of infection. Minimal tissue inflammation was observed, probably due to increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study contributes to our understanding of the histological and immunological responses to T. canis infection in mice, which may have implications to further understand human toxocariasis.

Citations

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Toxocara canis infections in mice: from subtle to severe consequences in 100 weeks
Nicol Bernardová, Jan Novák, Chia-Kwung Fan, Libuše Kolářová, Marta Chanová
Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The association of seropositivity to Toxocara canis and Ascaris lumbricoides with blood group antigens
Kravchun Pavlo Grigorovich, Leontyeva Frida Solomonivna, Povelichenko Olena Dmytrivna, Kadykova Olga Igorivna, Valentyna Dielievska
Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics of Toxocara canis induced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice
Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak, Justyna Karabowicz, Magdalena Paschall, Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Piotr Bąska, Irma Schabussova, Ewa Długosz
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Toxocara canis infection in a murine model of thioacetamide-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis
Iman F. Abou-El-Naga, Eman Dorry Elkerdany, Rania G. Aly, Enas Mohamed Mostafa Zaytoun
Acta Tropica.2025; 272: 107913. CrossRef

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Review

Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):345-387.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23085

Abstract
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Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea’s past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.

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Imported parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea: status and issues
Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(1): 52. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Intestinal parasitic infections among children aged 12–59 months in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda: Evariste Hakizimana, Ju Yeong Kim, Singeun Oh, Moonsoo Yoon, Tai-Soon Yong; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):304-309.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23045

Abstract
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Intestinal parasitic infections are a public health burden and a major cause of illness in developing countries. The diseases lead to various health threats, including growth retardation and mental health-related disorders, especially in children. We assessed the risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections among children aged 12–59 months residing in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from 1,048 children aged 12–59 months whose stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites and whose results were registered in the laboratory information system in 2020. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in children aged 12–59 months was 53.2%. The dominant parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (13.1%), followed by Giardia lamblia (10.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.9%), Trichuris trichiura (6.5%), hookworms (1.7%), and Taenia species (1.4%). A significant association was observed between intestinal parasites and the literacy of mothers or children’s caregivers (odds ratio (OR)=5.09, P<0.001). Children from farming households were 2.8-fold more likely to contract intestinal parasitic infections than those from nonfarming households (OR=2.8, P<0.001). A significant association was also observed between intestinal parasites and food safety (OR=4.9, P<0.001). Intestinal parasitic infections were significantly associated with hand hygiene practices after using the toilet and washing fresh fruits before eating (P<0.001). The information gathered will help public health providers and partners develop control plans in highly endemic areas in Rwanda.

Citations

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Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Risk Factors Among Pre-school Children in a Deprived Community in Amasaman, Accra-Ghana
Isaac Anim-Baidoo, Ruth Afful, Akua Forson, Enid Owusu, Michael Olu-Taiwo, Emmanuel Afutu, Eric Sampene-Donkor
International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025; 10(1): 1. CrossRef
Malaria and helminths co‐infection—Effects on anaemia, iron and folate deficiencies in paediatric population in Ghana
Opoku Bempah, Kwasi Baako Antwi, Mutala Abdul‐Hakim, Ibrahim Alhadj Moussa Mahamat, Kwadwo Boampong, John Larbi, Kingsley Badu
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2025; 30(9): 921. CrossRef
The Burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Rwanda: A Scoping Review
Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka‐Makuvaza, Michael Olubusayo Binuyo, Callixte Cyuzuzo, Acsa Igizeneza, Jean Paul Sinumvayo, Oluwaremilekun Grace Ajakaye, Egie Elisha Enabulele, Zororo Chinwadzimba, Ezera Agwu, Nicholas Midzi
Health Science Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intestinal Parasites and Hematological Parameters in Children Living in Ambatoboeny District, Madagascar
Wanesa Richert, Daria Kołodziej, Danuta Zarudzka, Daniel Kasprowicz, Dariusz Świetlik, Krzysztof Korzeniewski
Pathogens.2024; 13(11): 930. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019: Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):272-281.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22044

Chigger mites are the vector of scrub typhus. This study estimates the infestation status and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019. Chiggers were identified under the microscope, and infestation indices were calculated. The Preston’s log-normal model was used to fit the curve of species abundance distribution. A total of 6,557 chiggers were collected in 136 of 342 N. fulvescens rats, showing high overall infestation indices (prevalence=39.8%, mean abundance=19.2, mean intensity=48.2) and high species diversity (S=100, H’=3.0). Leptotrombidium cangjiangense, Neotrombicula japonica, and Ascoschoengastia sifanga were the three dominant chigger species (constituent ratio=42.9%; 2,736/6,384) and exhibited an aggregated distribution among different rat individuals. We identified 100 chigger species, with 3 of them (Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium wenense, and Leptotrombidium deliense) as the main vectors of scrub typhus in China and nine species as potential vectors of this disease. Disease vector occurrence on N. fulvescens may increase the risk of spreading scrub typhus from rats to humans. Chigger infestation on N. fulvescens varied significantly in different environments. The species abundance distribution showed a log-normal distribution pattern. The estimated number of chigger species on N. fulvescens was 126 species.

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Determinant of parasite clearance and density on uncomplicated falciparum malaria infections in malaria-endemic area of Lampung Province, Indonesia: Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi, Agnes Kurniawan, Lisawati Susanto; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):147-153.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22073

Lampung is a malaria-endemic region in Indonesia with an annual parasite incidence of 0.06 per 1,000 population. The socio-demographic factors, clinical conditions, and artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) types might affect parasite clearance and parasite density. This study aims to investigate factors that influence parasite clearance and parasite density in malaria patients. A retrospective analytic observational and a cross-sectional approach was used to conduct this study. A total of 66 malaria patients were examined to investigate parasite density and clearance, socio-demographic profiles, clinical conditions, and ACT types. To analyze data, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests were used. Age (P=0.045; r=0.238) and ACT type (P=0.021; r=0.273) were the only variables that had a significant correlation with parasite clearance. Age (P=0.003; r=0.345) had a significant correlation with parasite density. The most influential factors related to parasite clearance were the ACT type (dihydroartemisinin piperaquine) (P=0.017; odds ratio (OR) 0.109; 95.0% confidence interval (CI), 0.018–0.675) and age (P=0.030; OR 0.132; 95.0% CI, 0.021–0.823). Age (P=0.046; OR 0.320; 0.105–0.978, 95.0% CI) was the most significant variable associated with parasite density.

Citations

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Enzymatic mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Anopheles sp mosquitoes: Implications for malaria vector control in Indonesia
Rizal Subahar, Lisawati Susanto, Surya Dwira, Hendri Astuty, Nurhadi Eko Firmansyah, Gulshan Fahmi El Bayani, Tilahun Adugna, Syarifah Dewi, Fadillah
Acta Tropica.2025; 268: 107691. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021: Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):207-211.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.207

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

Citations

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Molecular identification and diversity of gastrointestinal apicomplexan protozoa in pigs in the Republic of Korea
Subin Lee, Sang-Hyup Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Kyung-Duk Min, Dong Hyeon Kwon, Mi-Hye Hwang, Gyu-Tae Jeon, Bok Kyung Ku, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and extension activities
Camila Souza Carvalho Class, Renan de Souza Ferreira, Ana Luiza Soares de Araujo, Ingrid da Silva Reis, Breno Torres da Silva, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Laís Lisboa Corrêa, José Arcínio de Assis, Marcelo José Milagres de Almeida, Daniel de Castro Trindad
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrative use of conventional and DNA metabarcoding methods reveals high diversity, prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs from Victoria, Australia
Ghazanfar Abbas, Yuet On Lee, Hannah Mitchell, Abdul Ghafar, Mark A. Stevenson, Charles G. Gauci, Leah G. Starick, Regina M. Fogarty, Bernie Gleeson, Dianne E. Phillips, Tao Wang, Robin B. Gasser, Abdul Jabbar
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 196: 105902. CrossRef
Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites on pig farms in Kalasin Province, Thailand
Sirikanda Thanasuwan, Supawadee Piratae, Keattipong Thaowandee, Chalothon Amporn
Veterinary World.2024; : 273. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Ascaris suum and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary
Csaba Farkas, Alexandra Juhász, Balázs Fekete, Borisz Egri
Animals.2024; 14(6): 932. CrossRef
Parasites burden in peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
P Munzhelele, NPS Sibeko, JW Oguttu, CA Mbajiorgu, FO Fasina
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.2024; 95(1): 55. CrossRef
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in humans and domestic animals in Jirel community, Dolakha, Nepal
Pitambar Dhakal, Medhavi Dhakal, Dipa Dhakal, Pramita Shakya, Barsha Singh, Rabina Gupta Kalwar, Rekha Shahi, Sophiya Pandey, Darwin Niraula, Anita Karki, Mukesh Kumar Mahato, Semsal Tamang, Basanti Chhetri, Muna Thapa, Rameshwor Parajuli, Janak Raj Subed
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(8): 3408. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Status of Helminthic Infections in Residents around River Basins in the Republic of Korea for 10 Years (2011-2020): Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Hee-Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):187-193.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.187

Abstract
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The positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis is the highest among intestinal parasites in the Republic of Korea (Korea). More than 1.2 million people were at risk of C. sinensis infection in Korea in 2012. An intensive control program is being implemented for residents of the 5 major river basins to reduce helminthic infections, including C. sinensis infection. This study evaluated the continuous intensive control program for parasitic diseases including clonorchiasis in areas near the 5 major river basins in Korea over the past 10 years (2011-2020). A total of 335,020 fecal samples (one sample per resident) prepared by the modified sedimentation technic were microscopically examined. Those who expelled helminth eggs were treated with anthelmintics through local health centers and re-examined 3 months later. The overall positive rate of helminths egg was 7.1%. The annual positive rates were dramatically decreased from 14.4% (2011) to 5.9% (2020). The egg positive rate was highest in C. sinensis (5.3%), followed by heterophyid flukes (1.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.2%). The prevalence of C. sinensis was significantly higher in males (7.6%) than in females (3.7%), and the highest in the 50–59 years (7.0%) age group. Our results are beneficial to establish prevention and control policies against helminthiases including clonorchiasis in endemic areas in this country.

Citations

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiparasitism in Spain in a Korean Visiting Friends and Relatives: Case Report and Review of Imported Cases of Clonorchis sinensis in Europe
Paola Cociancic, Jacklyn Comas, J. Guillermo Esteban
Clinical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing trends in clonorchiasis incidence via prescription data analysis in South Korea
Taeksang Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Hanna Jin, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyun Beom Song
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
2023년 국내 장내기생충 감염 조사
명노 이, 정원 주, 선옥 백, 영주 이, 은솔 이, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(28): 1227. CrossRef
Efficacy assessment of miltefosine and curcumin against Clonorchis sinensis infection
Soon-Ok Lee, Ki Back Chu, Keon-Woong Yoon, Gi-Deok Eom, Jie Mao, Hyeryon Lee, Joo Hwan No, Jin Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong, Sung Soo Kim, Fu-Shi Quan, Audrey Odom John
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel kit for enrichment of fecal helminth eggs
Eunsol Lee, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 323. CrossRef
Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
Sung-mok Jung, Heewon Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sejin Ju, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jong-hun Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Ran Wang
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(10): e0012574. CrossRef
Risk factors for Clonorchis sinensis infections and control measures reinforced with focused interviews
Soon-Ok Lee, Fuhong Dai, Eun Joo Park, Yun Pyo Hong, Fu-Shi Quan, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
2022년 유행지역 주민의 장내기생충 감염 조사
명노 이, 정원 주, 선옥 백, 영주 이, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(32): 1131. CrossRef
2022년 국내 자연산 민물고기 간흡충 감염도 조사
명노 이, 정원 주, 선옥 백, 영주 이, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(43): 1455. CrossRef
Relationship between Clonorchis sinensis Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma in Korea
Hwa Sun Kim, Ho-Woo Nam, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Yeong Hoon Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(4): 261. CrossRef

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A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China: Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):625-634.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.625

Abstract
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Based on the field investigations in 91 investigation sites (counties) in southwest China between 2001 and 2019, the present paper reported the chigger mites on A. agrarius mice in southwest China for the first time by using a series of statistical methods. From 715 striped field mice captured in 28 of 91 investigated sites, only 255 chiggers were collected, and they were identified as 14 species, 6 genera in 3 subfamilies under 2 families. Of 715 A. agrarius mice, only 24 of them were infested with chigger mites with low overall prevalence (P_M=3.4%), overall mean abundance (M_A=0.36 mites/host) and overall mean intensity (M_I=10.63 mites/host). The species diversity and infestation of chiggers on A. agrarius were much lower than those previously reported on some other rodents in southwest China. On a certain species of rodent, A. agrarius mouse in southwest China seems to have a very low susceptibility to chigger infestations than in other geographical regions. Of 14 chigger species, there were 3 dominant species, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, L. rupestre and Schoengastiella novoconfuciana, which were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of A. agrarius hosts. L. sialkotense, one of 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China, was the first dominant on A. agrarius. The species similarity of chigger mites on male and female hosts was low with C_SS=0.25, and this reflects the sex-bias of different genders of A. agrarius mice in harboring different chigger species.

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Infestation, community structure, seasonal fluctuation and climate-driven dynamics of mites on small mammals at a focus of scrub typhus in southwest China
Peng-Wu Yin, Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ya-Fei Zhao, Wen-Ge Dong, Dao-Chao Jin
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Distribution and Host-Association of the Vector Chigger Species Leptotrombidium imphalum in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin, Xian-Guo Guo
Insects.2024; 15(7): 504. CrossRef
Clinical and epidemiological investigation of human infection with zoonotic parasite Trypanosoma dionisii in China
Nannan Xu, Xiaoai Zhang, Hui Liu, Yintao Xu, Huixia Lu, Lianhui Zhao, Yishan He, Meiqi Zhang, Jingtao Zhang, Guangqian Si, Ziyi Wang, Muxin Chen, Yuchun Cai, Yi Zhang, Qiang Wang, Yuwan Hao, Yuanyuan Li, Zhengbin Zhou, Yunhai Guo, Caiyun Chang, Ming Liu,
Journal of Infection.2024; 89(5): 106290. CrossRef
A Retrospective Report on the Infestation and Distribution of Chiggers on an Endemic Rodent Species (Apodemus latronum) in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(11): 547. CrossRef
Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 272. CrossRef
Infestation of Oriental House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Fan Ding, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Wen-Yu Song, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Pei-Ying Peng, Bei Li, Ting Chen, Dao-Chao Jin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2203. CrossRef
Analysis on infestation and related ecology of chigger mites on large Chinese voles (Eothenomys miletus) in five provincial regions of Southwest China
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Zhe Liu, Xin-Hang Liu, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 19: 169. CrossRef
Infestation and distribution of chigger mites on Confucian white-bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) in Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang
Biologia.2022; 78(3): 727. CrossRef

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Case Report

Helminth Eggs Detected in Soil Samples of a Possible Toilet Structure Found at the Capital Area of Ancient Baekje Kingdom of Korea: Chang Seok Oh, Sang-Yuck Shim, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Hisashi Fujita, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):393-397.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.393

Abstract
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Although research conducted in East Asia has uncovered parasite eggs from ancient toilets or cesspits, data accumulated to date needs to be supplemented by more archaeoparasitological studies. We examined a total of 21 soil samples from a toilet-like structure at the Hwajisan site, a Baekje-period royal villa, in present-day Korea. At least 4 species of helminth eggs, i.e., Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, and Trichuris sp. (or Trichuris vulpis) were detected in 3 sediment samples of the structure that was likely a toilet used by Baekje nobles. The eggs of T. trichiura were found in all 3 samples (no. 1, 4, and 5); and A. lumbricoides eggs were detected in 2 samples (no. 4 and 5). C. sinensis and T. vulpis-like eggs were found in no. 5 sample. From the findings of this study, we can suppose that the soil-transmitted helminths were prevalent in ancient Korean people, including the nobles of Baekje Kingdom during the 5th to 7th century.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Problems in Japanese archaeoparasitology: Analysis of paleo-parasitic eggs from Hachinohe Castle
Hisashi Fujita, Masako Funaba, Shiori O. Fujisawa
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 278. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef

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Original Article

Performance Evaluation of Biozentech Malaria Scanner in Plasmodium knowlesi and P. falciparum as a New Diagnostic Tool: Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Fauzi Muh, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Chae-Seung Lim, Sung-Hun Na, Won Sun Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):113-119.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.113

Abstract
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The computer vision diagnostic approach currently generates several malaria diagnostic tools. It enhances the accessible and straightforward diagnostics that necessary for clinics and health centers in malaria-endemic areas. A new computer malaria diagnostics tool called the malaria scanner was used to investigate living malaria parasites with easy sample preparation, fast and user-friendly. The cultured Plasmodium parasites were used to confirm the sensitivity of this technique then compared to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and light microscopic examination. The measured percentage of parasitemia by the malaria scanner revealed higher precision than microscopy and was similar to FACS. The coefficients of variation of this technique were 1.2-6.7% for Plasmodium knowlesi and 0.3-4.8% for P. falciparum. It allowed determining parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficient of variation smaller than 10%. In terms of the precision range of parasitemia, both high and low ranges showed similar precision results. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation data coming from all methods. A strong correlation of measured parasitemia (r²=0.99, P<0.05) was observed between each method. The parasitemia analysis using this new diagnostic tool needs technical improvement, particularly in the differentiation of malaria species.

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In-depth biological analysis of alteration in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red blood cells using a noninvasive optical imaging technique
Moh Egy Rahman Firdaus, Fauzi Muh, Ji-Hoon Park, Seong-Kyun Lee, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Occurrence and Molecular Identification of Microcotyle sebastis Isolated from Fish Farms of the Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii: Jun-Young Song, Keun-Yong Kim, Seo-Woo Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):89-95.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.89

Abstract
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Microcotyle sebastis is a gill monogenean ectoparasite that causes serious problems in the mariculture of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In this study, we isolated the parasite from fish farms along the coasts of Tongyeong, South Korea in 2016, and characterized its infection, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The prevalence of M. sebastis infection during the study period ranged from 46.7% to 96.7%, and the mean intensity was 2.3 to 31.4 ind./fish, indicating that the fish was constantly exposed to parasitic infections throughout the year. Morphological observations under light and scanning electron microscopes of the M. sebastis isolates in this study showed the typical characteristics of the anterior prohaptor and posterior opisthaptor of monogenean parasites. In phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), they consistently clustered together with their congeneric species, and showed the closest phylogenetic relationships to M. caudata and M. kasago in the cox1 tree.

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Redescription of Microcotyle elegans (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae) from Scombrops boops (Perciformes: Scombropidae) off Japanese Waters
Yusuke Kamio, Masato Nitta
Species Diversity.2025; 30(2): 111. CrossRef
Microscopic findings of host–parasite interaction between the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, and the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis
Sang Phil Shin, Seokryel Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 490. CrossRef
The genus Microcotyle in Mediterranean scorpaenoids (Teleostei), including the description of Microcotyle merche n. sp. from Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)
M. Víllora-Montero, A. Pérez-del-Olmo, M. Valmaseda-Angulo, J.A. Raga, F.E. Montero
Journal of Helminthology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation of endemicity between monogenean trematode, Microcotyle sebastis, and parasitic copepods in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, from a fish farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Won-Sik Woo, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Chan-Il Park
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 332. CrossRef
Assessment of Salinomycin’s Potential to Treat Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
Won-Sik Woo, Sang Hee Shim, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Seungjin Lee, Jaekyeong Kim, Jung-Soo Seo, Mun-Gyeong Kwon, Do-Hyung Kim, Chan-Il Park
Animals.2023; 13(20): 3233. CrossRef
Description of a New Species, Microcotyle pacinkar n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), Parasitic on Gills of Sebastes taczanowskii (Sebastidae) from off Usujiri, Hokkaido, Northern Japan
Yusuke Kamio, Masato Nitta
Species Diversity.2023; 28(2): 263. CrossRef
Kannaphallus leptosomus n. sp. (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae: Cemocotylinae) parasitizing Scyris indica (Carangiformes: Carangidae) from Malaysia
Masato Nitta, Yusuke Kondo, Susumu Ohtsuka, Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin, Norshida Ismail
Systematic Parasitology.2022; 99(5): 587. CrossRef

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Original Article

Identification of Trombiculid Chigger Mites Collected on Rodents from Southern Vietnam and Molecular Detection of Rickettsiaceae Pathogen: Minh Doan Binh, Sinh Cao Truong, Dong Le Thanh, Loi Cao Ba, Nam Le Van, Binh Do Nhu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):445-450.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.445

Abstract
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Trombiculid “chigger” mites (Acari) are ectoparasites that feed blood on rodents and another animals. A crosssectional survey was conducted in 7 ecosystems of southern Vietnam from 2015 to 2016. Chigger mites were identified with morphological characteristics and assayed by polymerase chain reaction for detection of rickettsiaceae. Overall chigger infestation among rodents was 23.38%. The chigger index among infested rodents was 19.37 and a mean abundance of 4.61. A total of 2,770 chigger mites were identified belonging to 6 species, 3 genera, and 1 family, and pooled into 141 pools (10-20 chiggers per pool). Two pools (1.4%) of the chiggers were positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi. Ricketsia spp. was not detected in any pools of chiggers. Further studies are needed including a larger number and diverse hosts, and environmental factors to assess scrub typhus.

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A review on trombiculiasis: An underreported parasitosis that affects humans and animals, including world distribution, clinical findings, associated pathogens, prophylaxis and identification methods
Isabella Pereira Pesenato, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107420. CrossRef
Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Novel Trombiculid Mite Species in Northern Tamil Nadu, India: Use of Targeting the Multicopy traD Gene
John Antony Jude Prakash, Kannan Kamarasu, P Philip Samuel, Renu Govindarajan, Punitha Govindasamy, Liji Anna Johnson, P Ramalingam, J Nirmalson, K C Seran, Kevin Macaluso
Journal of Medical Entomology.2022; 59(2): 693. CrossRef
Mapping the distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents in China: a modeling study
Tao Wang, Fanfei Meng, Tianle Che, Jinjin Chen, Haiyang Zhang, Yang Ji, Zhengwei Fan, Guoping Zhao, Wenhui Zhang, Baogui Jiang, Qiang Xu, Chenlong Lv, Taoxing Shi, Shiman Ruan, Lanzheng Liu, Wei Liu, Yang Yang, Liqun Fang
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Not Only Leptotrombidium spp. an Annotated Checklist of Chigger Mites (Actinotrichida: Trombiculidae) Associated with Bacterial Pathogens
Hanna Moniuszko, Konrad Wojnarowski, Paulina Cholewińska
Pathogens.2022; 11(10): 1084. CrossRef
International Rickettsia Disease Surveillance: An Example of Cooperative Research to Increase Laboratory Capability and Capacity for Risk Assessment of Rickettsial Outbreaks Worldwide
Ju Jiang, Christina M. Farris, Kenneth B. Yeh, Allen L. Richards
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A dataset of distribution and diversity of blood-sucking mites in China
Fan-Fei Meng, Qiang Xu, Jin-Jin Chen, Yang Ji, Wen-Hui Zhang, Zheng-Wei Fan, Guo-Ping Zhao, Bao-Gui Jiang, Tao-Xing Shi, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Scientific Data.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Mini Review

Current Knowledge of Small Flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America: Cl?udia Portes Santos, Juliana Novo Borges; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):373-386.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.373

Abstract
PDF

Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a ‘state-of-the-art’ review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.

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Evaluation of benzocaine and eugenol as anesthetics and antiparasitic agents in a freshwater fish model
M. C. Vercellini, A. Carranza-Martin, M. M. Montes, M. A. Ayala
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Eugenol-parasite interactions in ten spotted live-bearer fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus: Seasonal and host-related effects
M.C. Vercellini, A.C. Carranza-Martín, L. Morote, F. Maschi, M.M. Montes, M.A. Ayala
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2025; 62: 101288. CrossRef
Fish Pathogens and Associated Zoonotic Risks in Aquaculture: A Global One Health Perspective
Fredrick Juma Syanya, Sajna Beegum, Zachariy Oreko Winam, Fazeena Fariq, A. R. Nikhila Khanna, Megha Lovejan, Mujeeb Rahiman K. M., Harikrishnan Mahadevan
Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular identification of fish-borne trematodes in endemic communities in Caraga region, Mindanao, Philippines
Vachel Gay V. Paller, Jasmine Renette D. Jimenez, Allen Jethro I. Alonte, Vicente Y. Belizario Jr., Billy P. Divina, Kezia W. Kozel, Martha E. Betson
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2025; 41: e00302. CrossRef
Ultra-structure, genetic characterization and Immunological approach of fish borne zoonotic trematodes (Family: Heterophyidae) of a redbelly tilapia
Mai A. Salem, Olfat A. Mahdy, Reem M. Ramadan
Research in Veterinary Science.2024; 166: 105097. CrossRef
Description of new species of Trematoda from bats of Southeastern Mexico and a new classification for Brachylecithum rileyi n. comb. (Dicrocoeliidae)
Wilson I. Moguel-Chin, Jesús Alonso Panti-May, Brenda Atziri García-García, David I. Hernández-Mena
Systematic Parasitology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Phylogenetic assessment of Apophallines (Digenea: Opisthorchiidae) with revision of Apophallus donicus Skrjabin & Lindtrop, 1919 complex and some taxonomic propositions
Sergey G. Sokolov, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Spencer J. Greenwood, Caitlyn N. Gray, William T. Robbins, Megan E. B. Jones, Ekaterina L. Voropaeva, Alexander P. Kalmykov, Gadzhibek S. Dzhamirzoev, Dmitry M. Atopkin
Systematics and Biodiversity.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Black spot diseases in seven commercial fish species from the English Channel and the North Sea: infestation levels, identification and population genetics of Cryptocotyle spp.
Maureen Duflot, Pierre Cresson, Maéva Julien, Léa Chartier, Odile Bourgau, Marialetizia Palomba, Simonetta Mattiucci, Graziella Midelet, Mélanie Gay
Parasite.2023; 30: 28. CrossRef
The first new species of European Ascocotyle Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) described in more than half a century
Andrea Gustinelli, Monica Caffara, Dino Scaravelli, Maria Letizia Fioravanti, Tomáš Scholz
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 17: 327. CrossRef
Pholeter gastrophilus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae), a parasite of dolphins from Brazilian waters
Mariana Bertholdi Ebert, Ana Luisa Schiffino Valente, Marta Jussara Cremer, Reinaldo José da Silva
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Cryptocotyle lata (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) Adult from a Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis
Heon Woo Lee, Eui Ju Hong, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Si Yun Ryu, Bae Keun Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 645. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Paleoparasitology of Merovingian Corpses Buried in Stone Sarcophagi in the Saint-Martin-au-Val Church (Chartres, France): Benjamin Dufour, Emilie Portat, Bruno Bazin, Matthieu Le Bailly; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):613-619.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.613

Abstract
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Paleoparasitological analysis was carried on 4 Merovingian skeletons, dated from the late-5th to the late-9th centuries, and recovered in the church of Saint-Martin-au-Val in Chartres (Center region, France). The corpses were buried in stone sarcophagi, which were still sealed at the time of excavation. Parasite marker extraction was conducted on sediment samples taken from the abdominal and pelvic regions, but also on samples taken from under the head and the feet as control samples. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of 3 gastrointestinal parasites, namely the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the fish tapeworm (genus Diphyllobothrium). This analysis contributes to a better knowledge of the health status and the lifestyle of ancient medieval populations during the Merovingian period, for which very few paleoparasitological data were available, up until now. It demonstrates the presence of the fish tapeworm for the first time during this period.

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Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE)
Ramón López-Gijón, Zita Laffranchi, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, Matthieu Le Bailly, Salvatore Duras, Kévin Roche, Daniele Vitali, Luciano Salzani, Albert Zink, Marco Milella
International Journal of Paleopathology.2025; 51: 1. CrossRef

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Original Article

Application of Autofluorescence for Confocal Microscopy to Aid in Archaeoparasitological Analyses: Johnica Jo Morrow, Christian Elowsky; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):581-585.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.581

Abstract
PDF

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to examine archaeoparasitological specimens from coprolites associated with La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) located near present-day Durango, Mexico. The eggs for 4 different types of parasites recovered from CMC coprolites were imaged using CLSM to assist with identification efforts. While some of the parasite eggs recovered from CMC coprolites were readily identified using standard light microscopy (LM), CLSM provided useful data for more challenging identifications by highlighting subtle morphological features and enhancing visualization of parasite egg anatomy. While other advanced microscopy techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), may also detect cryptic identifying characters, CLSM is less destructive to the specimens. Utilizing CLSM allows for subsequent examinations, such as molecular analyses, that cannot be performed following SEM sample preparation and imaging. Furthermore, CLSM detects intrinsic autofluorescence molecules, making improved identification independent of resource and time-intensive protocols. These aspects of CLSM make it an excellent method for assisting in taxonomic identification and for acquiring more detailed images of archaeoparasitological specimens.

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Journal of Microscopy.2021; 284(2): 118. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Dogs and Two Species of Wild Animals from Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan: Tai-Soon Yong, Kyu-Jae Lee, Myeong Heon Shin, Hak Sun Yu, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Turycin Bladimir Sergeevich, Azamat Shamsiev, Gab-Man Park; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):549-552.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.549

Abstract
PDF

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasitic infections and associated risk factors for the human infection among the people of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Infection status of helminths including Echinococcus granulosus was surveyed in domestic and wild animals from 4 sites in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan during 2015-2018. Fecal samples of each animal were examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique and the recovery of intestinal helminths was performed with naked eyes and a stereomicroscope in total 1,761 animals (1,755 dogs, 1 golden jackal, and 5 Corsac foxes). Total 658 adult worms of E. granulosus were detected in 28 (1.6%) dogs and 1 (100%) golden jackal. More than 6 species of helminths, i.e., Taenia hydatigena, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium nolleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Toxocara canis, and Trichuris vulpis, were found from 18 (1.0%) dogs. Six (T. hydatigena, Toxascaris leonina, Alaria alata, Uncinaria stenocephala, D. caninum, and M. lineatus) and 2 (D. nolleri and M. lineatus) species of helminths were also detected from 5 Corsac foxes and 1 golden jackal, respectively. Taeniid eggs were found in 2 (20%) out of 10 soil samples. In the present study, it was confirmed that the prevalences of helminths including E. granulosus are not so high in domestic and wild animals. Nevertheless, the awareness on the zoonotic helminth infections should be continuously maintained in Uzbekistan for the prevention of human infection.

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A. E. Kuchboev, A. G. Sotiboldiyev, B. K. Ruziev, A. A. Safarov
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An epizootic situation is in relation to the nematodosiss of gastroenteric channel of dogs
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Mini Review

Current Status of Parasite Infections in Indonesia: A Literature Review: Juyoung Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):329-339.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.329

Abstract
PDF

Indonesia and South Korea have become inseparable in various respects since the 2 countries established diplomatic relation in 1973. Indonesia is a tropical region that stretches across the equator, comprised of 5 main islands (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua) and 4 archipelagoes (Riau, Bangka Belitung, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku). As most population of Eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Papua and Nusa Tenggara & Maluku) live in poor areas, it is expected that there will be many parasites. Nevertheless, little is known about the status of parasites in Indonesia. This study examines the prevalences of malaria and lymphatic filaria, which are prevalent in Indonesia, as well as those of soil-transmitted-helminths (STH). As a result, the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax case loads are almost equal. The current prevalence of P. vivax is uniformly low (<5%) in all age groups and annual parasite incidence (API) showed decreasing tendency as 0.84 per 1,000 population in 2016. However, more than 65 million people still live in malaria epidemic regions. Lymphatic filariasis remains an important public health problem and 236 cities were classified as endemic areas in 514 cities/districts in 2017. It is difficult to ascertain the current prevalence rate of STH in Indonesia, although West Sumba and Southwest Sumba in East Nusa Tenggara reported prevalence rate of more than 20%. The study also considers the (sero) prevalences of other parasites identified in Indonesia. This report should be useful not only to parasitologists but also to travelers and people with business in Indonesia.

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Original Article

Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection in Cats in Daegu, Republic of Korea, and Efficacy of Treatment Using Topical Emodepside/Praziquantel Formulation: Seung-Hun Lee, Younsung Ock, Donghag Choi, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):243-248.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.243

Abstract
PDF

The purpose of this study was 2-fold: 1) to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection in cats reared in Daegu, Republic of Korea and 2) to assess the efficacy and safety of a topical emodepside/praziquantel formulation for cats with parasitic infections. The gastrointestinal parasite infections were examined microscopically using the flotation method. Of 407 cats, 162 (39.8%) were infected by at least one gastrointestinal parasite, including Toxocara cati (63.0%), Toxascaris leonina (31.5%), Taenia taeniaeformis (3.7%), and Cystoisospora felis (1.9%). None of the infected animals had multiple infections. When the data were analyzed according to sex, age, and type of cat, stray cats showed statistically higher prevalence than companion cats (P<0.05). On the 5th day after treatment, no parasitic eggs were detected using microscopic examination. In addition, no adverse effects, such as abnormal behaviors and clinical symptoms, were observed in the cats treated with the drug. These results quantify the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cats in Daegu, Republic of Korea, and show that topical emodepside/praziquantel is a safe and effective choice for treating the parasitic infections in cats.

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Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana, Alba Cristina Espinosa-Nuñez, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Animals.2024; 14(7): 1022. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasites of owned cats in three districts of Central Ethiopia: Prevalence and risk factors
Kibruyesfa Bayou, Getachew Terefe, Bersissa Kumsa
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Emodepside: the anthelmintic’s mode of action and toxicity
Charity N. Njeshi, Alan P. Robertson, Richard J. Martin
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Survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in central Nepal
Roshan Babu Adhikari, Madhuri Adhikari Dhakal, Purna Bahadur Ale, Ganga Ram Regmi, Tirth Raj Ghimire
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(2): 559. CrossRef
The detection and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and Giardia duodenalis of cats in South Korea
Chi Sun Yun, Bo-Youn Moon, Kichan Lee, Su Min Kang, Bok-Kyung Ku, Mi-Hye Hwang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxocara cati ile Doğal Enfekte Kedilerde Fenbendazol+Pyrantel Pamoate ve Praziquantel Kombinasyonunun Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi
Hakkı Seçkin Çetin, Ömür Özerhun, Faruk Küçükyıldız
Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi.2022; 11(1): 8. CrossRef
Multicenter randomized, and blinded European field study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Felpreva®, a novel spot-on formulation containing tigolaner, emodepside and praziquantel, in treating cats with mixed infection with intestinal nematodes, cesto
Dejan Cvejić, Norbert Mencke, Gabriele Petry, Hannah Ringeisen, Hannah Hamburg, Klaus Hellmann, Donato Traversa, Simone Morelli, Angela Di Cesare, Anastasia Diakou, Róbert Farkas
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2022; 2: 100098. CrossRef
Multicenter randomized, and blinded European field study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Felpreva®, a novel spot-on formulation containing emodepside, praziquantel and tigolaner, in treating cats naturally infested with fleas and/or ticks
Dejan Cvejić, Klaus Hellmann, Gabriele Petry, Hannah Ringeisen, Hannah Hamburg, Róbert Farkas, Katrin Blazejak, Norbert Mencke
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2022; 2: 100099. CrossRef
Multicenter Randomized, and Blinded European Field Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Felpreva®, a Novel Spot-On Formulation Containing Tigolaner, Emodepside, and Praziquantel in Treating Cats with Mixed Infection with Nematodes, Cestodes And/Or
Norbert Mencke, Dejan Cvejić, Gabriele Petry, Hannah Ringeisen, Hannah Hamburg, Klaus Hellmann, Donato Traversa, Simone Morelli, Angela Di Cesare, Anastasia Diakou, Róbert Farkas
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Izabela A. Wierzbowska, Sławomir Kornaś, Aleksandra M. Piontek, Kaja Rola
Animals.2020; 10(4): 748. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Prevention and Control Strategies for Parasitic Infections in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Young Yil Bahk, Eun-Hee Shin, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):401-408.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.401

Abstract
PDF

Korea is successfully controlled intestinal parasitic infections owing to economic development and high health consciousness. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases (formerly the Division of Malaria and Parasitology) is in the Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been the governmental agency responsible for controlling and leading scientific research on parasitic diseases. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases has conducted and funded basic research and disseminated the research results to various medical fields, ultimately promoting public health in Korea. Among the noteworthy achievements of this division are the national surveillance of healthcare-associated parasitic infections, prevention and control for parasitic infections, and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis from Korea. On a broader scale, the division’s research programs and academic supports were influential in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases through public policies and laws. In this review, we summarize the past and present role of the Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases in Korea.

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Shabir Ahmad Rather, Zahoor Ahmad Wani, Rashaid Ali Mustafa, Pooja Bharti, Rukhsana Kousar, Mohammad Vikas Ashraf, Shoeb Ahmad, A A Shah, M A Hannan Khan
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N. V. Sumakova, A. P. Paliy, O. V. Pavlichenko, R. V. Petrov, B. S. Morozov, V. M. Plys, A. B. Mushynskyi
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Romana Teixeira, Isilda Flor, Carlos Pinto, Maria Constança Pomba, Luís Madeira de Carvalho
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Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
Sung-mok Jung, Heewon Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sejin Ju, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jong-hun Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Ran Wang
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Muhammad Lokman BIN MD. ISA, Normalına ALIAS, Mohamad Helmy JAAFAR
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Brief Communications

Endoparasites of Small Mammals in Edo State, Nigeria: Public Health Implications: Clement Isaac, Benjamin Igho Igbinosa, John Asekhaen Ohiolei, Catherine Eki Osimen; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):93-100.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.93

Some small mammals occur as household pests and harbour a number of parasites that could be of public health importance. This study profiled the helminth and protozoan parasites in trapped small mammals within and around human dwelling places (houses) located across 4 major towns (Auchi, Benin, Ekpoma, and Uromi) and environs in Edo state, Nigeria. Six genera (Apodemus sp., Crocidura sp., Mastomys natalensis, Mus musculus, Rattus sp., and Sorex sp.) were identified from 502 trapped small mammals. Overall, M. musculus (71.9%) and Rattus rattus (20.1%) were the most frequently trapped. In total, on examination of blood, gastrointestinal contents, and brain tissues, 12 helminth taxa (Angiostrongylus sp., Aspicularis sp., Capillaria sp., Gongylonema sp., Heterakis spumosa, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Mastophorus muris, Moniliformis moniliformis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides sp., Trichosomoides sp., and Trichuris sp.), and 6 protozoan parasites (Babesia sp., Trypanosoma lewisi, Plasmodium sp., Eimeria sp., Isospora sp., and Toxoplasma gondii) were isolated. Most prevalent helminths with relatively heavy mean intensity were Strongyloides sp. and Heterakis spumosa, while Plasmodium, Eimeria, and Isospora were the most prevalent protozoan parasites. Generally, intrinsic factors like sex and age had marginal influence on the rate and burden of infection in M. musculus and R. rattus. Although the infection rate and prevalence of zoonotic parasites were low, they were largely recovered in rodents from Ekpoma. This study elucidates the public health implication of the presence of zoonotic parasites in these small mammals.

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Phylogenetic and genetic evolutionary analyses of the mitochondrial genome of Mastophorus muris in Neodon fuscus from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Hongrun Ge, Haining Zhang, Ru Meng, Shengrui Xu, Hailong Zhao, Weishan Lin, Jing Li, Yong Fu, Jian Li
Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Zoonotic importance of ecto- and endoparasites in rodents in Malaysia: a review
Firdaus Mohd-Qawiem, Md Isa Nur-Mahiza, Nur Indah Ahmad, Abd Rahaman Yasmin, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila
Journal of Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of multiple infections of rodents with parasites and bacteria in the Sibang Arboretum, Libreville, Gabon
Patrice Makouloutou-Nzassi, Chimène Nze-Nkogue, Boris Kevin Makanga, Neil Michel Longo-Pendy, Judi Armel Bourobou Bourobou, Branly Cordia Bikie Bi Nso, Etienne François Akomo-Okoue, Cherone-Cheba Mbazoghe-Engo, Félicien Bangueboussa, Silas Lendzele Sevidz
Veterinary World.2024; : 2506. CrossRef
The Parasites that can be Found in the Mus musculus House Mice
Dilara KARAMAN, Ahmet Onur GİRİŞGİN
Commagene Journal of Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of rodent-borne parasitic pathogens of wild rats in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia: A potential threat to human health
Mustapha Tijjani, Roslaini Abd Majid, Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi, Ngah Zasmy Unyah
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2020; 11: 174. CrossRef
A Review of Strongyloides spp. Environmental Sources Worldwide
Mae A. F. White, Harriet Whiley, Kirstin E. Ross
Pathogens.2019; 8(3): 91. CrossRef

8,792 View
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5 Web of Science
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Intestinal Parasite Infections among Inhabitants in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China: Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Byung-Suk Chung, Sang-Eun Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Liji Xu, Chen Long Nan, Mi-Yeoun Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):579-582.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.579

Abstract
PDF

To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China, epidemiological surveys were conducted on a collaboration basis between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Yanbian Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 8,396 (males 3,737 and females 4,659) stool samples were collected from 8 localities and examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique, and additionally examined with the cellotape anal swab to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs. The overall rate of intestinal parasites was 1.57%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (0.80%), followed by Entamoeba spp. (0.23%), heterophyid flukes (0.15%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.08%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), hookworms (0.06%), Trichostrongylus spp. (0.06%), Giardia lamblia (0.04%), Paragonimus spp. (0.02%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.02%), Trichuris trichiura (0.02%). The prevalence by sex was similar, 1.58% (n=59) in males and 1.57% (n=73) in females. By the present study, it is partly revealed that the prevalences of intestinal parasite infections are relatively low among the inhabitants of Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China.

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18S/28S rDNA metabarcoding identifies Cryptosporidium parvum and Blastocystis ST1 as the predominant intestinal protozoa in hospital patients from Changchun, Northeast China
Cunmin Wang, Jigang Yin, Zhanpeng Shi, Yijia Xu, Junhong Chen, Yueyang Yan, Guan Zhu, Jixue Zhao
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Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau of China
Sitong Ai, Zhichao Zhang, Jinghan Wang, Xiaoqi Wang, Cheng Liu, Ziyuan Duan
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(6): 2693. CrossRef

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184 Download
6 Web of Science
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Case Reports

A Case of Pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer: Eunae Sandra Cho, Seung Wook Jung, Hwi-Dong Jung, In Yong Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Su Jin Jeong, Hyun Sil Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):433-437.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.433

Abstract
PDF

Pentastomiasis, a zoonotic parasite infection, is typically found in the respiratory tract and viscera of the host, including humans. Here, we report for the first time an extremely rare case of intraosseous pentastomiasis in the human maxilla suffering from medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). A 55-year-old male had continuously visited the hospital for MRONJ which had primarily developed after bisphosphonate and anti-neoplastic administration for previous bone metastasis of medullary thyroid cancer. Pain, bone exposure, and pus discharge in the right mandible and left maxilla were seen. Osteolysis with maxillary cortical bone perforation at the left buccal vestibule, palate, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus was observed by radiologic images. A biopsy was done at the left maxilla and through pathological evaluation, a parasite with features of pentastome was revealed within the necrotic bone tissue. Further history taking and laboratory evaluation was done. The parasite was suspected to be infected through maxillary open wounds caused by MRONJ. Awareness of intraosseous pentastomiasis should be emphasized not to be missed behind the MRONJ. Proper evaluation and interpretation for past medical history may lead to correct differential diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for parasite infections.

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Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Filipa Frutuoso, Filipe Freitas, Miguel Vilares, Helena Francisco, Duarte Marques, João Caramês, André Moreira
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A Case of Ectopic Peritoneal Paragonimiasis Mimicking Diverticulitis or Abdominal Abscess: Min Jae Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo, Yong Sik Yoon, Kyung Won Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai, Yong Pil Chong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):313-317.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.313

Abstract
PDF

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragnonimus species. The primary site of infection is the lung, and extrapulmonary involvement is also reported. When infected with Paragonimus westermani, which is the dominant species in Korea, the central nervous system is frequently involved along with the liver, intestine, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum, and abdominal wall. Ectopic paragonimiasis raises diagnostic challenge since it is uncommon and may be confused with malignancy or other inflammatory diseases. Here, we report an ectopic paragonimiasis case initially presented with recurrent abdominal pain. The patient developed abdominal pain 3 times for the previous 3 years and the computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed fluid collection with wall enhancement. Recurrent diverticulitis was initially suspected and part of the ascending colon was resected. However, the specimen showed intact colon wall without evidence of diverticulitis and multiple parasite eggs and granulomas were found instead. The size of about 70 μm, the presence of an operculum and relatively thick egg shell suggested eggs of Paragonimus species. With appropriate exposure history and a positive antibody test, the definitive diagnosis was made as peritoneal paragonimiasis.

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Yong Shik Kwon, Hye Won Lee, Hyun Jung Kim
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Brief Communication

Recovery of Oswaldotrema nacinovici from Whimbrels (Aves) in Korea: Young-Il Lee, Ok-Sik Chung, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(6):809-812.
Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.809

Abstract
PDF

Adult specimens of Oswaldotrema nacinovici (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) have been first identified in Korea from 2 migratory birds (whimbrels, Numenius phaeopus) which were found dead at a western seashore area near Gunsan. The worms were recovered in the intestine of these birds. The worms were morphologically characterized by a large ventral sucker in comparison to the oral sucker, an external seminal vesicle extending beyond the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, and conspicuous uterine seminal receptacle. It was noteworthy that metacercariae-like bodies were contained within the inflated regions of 2 ceca. Other intestinal trematode species found in whimbrels included Spelotrema pygmeum, Gynaecotyla squatarolae, Maritrema obstipum, and Himasthla megacotyle. Zoonotic potential of these trematode species should be taken into considerations.

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New Definitive Hosts and Differential Body Indices of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Shik Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 287. CrossRef
Prevalence and Density of Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Clams and Oysters from Western Coastal Regions of the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 399. CrossRef
Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Snails and Adults from Experimental Rats in Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541. CrossRef

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Mini Reviews

Ancient Human Parasites in Ethnic Chinese Populations: Hui-Yuan Yeh, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):565-572.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.565

Abstract
PDF

Whilst archaeological evidence for many aspects of life in ancient China is well studied, there has been much less interest in ancient infectious diseases, such as intestinal parasites in past Chinese populations. Here, we bring together evidence from mummies, ancient latrines, and pelvic soil from burials, dating from the Neolithic Period to the Qing Dynasty, in order to better understand the health of the past inhabitants of China and the diseases endemic in the region. Seven species of intestinal parasite have been identified, namely roundworm, whipworm, Chinese liver fluke, oriental schistosome, pinworm, Taenia sp. tapeworm, and the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski. It was found that in the past, roundworm, whipworm, and Chinese liver fluke appear to have been much more common than the other species. While roundworm and whipworm remained common into the late 20th century, Chinese liver fluke seems to have undergone a marked decline in its prevalence over time. The iconic transport route known as the Silk Road has been shown to have acted as a vector for the transmission of ancient diseases, highlighted by the discovery of Chinese liver fluke in a 2,000 year-old relay station in northwest China, 1,500 km outside its endemic range.

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Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
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Byoung-Kuk Na, Jhang Ho Pak, Sung-Jong Hong
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Sergey Slepchenko
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Review of Successful Control of Parasitic Infections in Korea
Sung-Tae Hong, Tai-Soon Yong
Infection & Chemotherapy.2020; 52(3): 427. CrossRef
A comparison of ancient parasites as seen from archeological contexts and early medical texts in China
Hui-Yuan Yeh, Xiaoya Zhan, Wuyun Qi
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Xiaoya Zhan, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Piers D. Mitchell
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 601. CrossRef
Discovery of Eurytrema Eggs in Sediment from a Colonial Period Latrine in Taiwan
Hui-Yuan Yeh, Chieh-fu Jeff Cheng, ChingJung Huang, Xiaoya Zhan, Weng Kin Wong, Piers D. Mitchell
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Huaping Chen, Siyuan Chen, Zhili Huang, Lingxi Kong, Zuojian Hu, Shanzi Qin, Xue Qin, Shan Li
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A Case of Ectopic Paragonimiasis in a 17th Century Korean Mummy
D. H. Shin, Y.-S. Kim, D. S. Yoo, M. J. Kim, C. S. Oh, J. H. Hong, E. Lee, J. Y. Chai, M. Seo
Journal of Parasitology.2017; 103(4): 399. CrossRef

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Detection Trend of Helminth Eggs in the Strata Soil Samples from Ancient Historic Places of Korea: Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Myeung Ju Kim, Sang Yuk Shim, Ho Chul Ki, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):555-563.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.555

Abstract
PDF

For several years, we have conducted a series of studies on the patterns of ancient parasitism prevailing in the soil of rural and urban areas of past Kingdom of Korea. Actually, during our survey of paleoparasitology in archaeological sites of Korean peninsula, numerous ancient parasite eggs were discovered in the samples from the city districts of Hansung (Joseon) and Buyeo (Baikje), the palace moat at Gyeongju (Silla), shell-midden site at Bonghwang-dong (Silla to Joseon), and the reservoir found in Hwawangsansung fortress (Silla). By the paleoparasitological studies, with respect to parasitism in the high-density populations of ancient towns and cities, we have managed to catch glimpses of the patterns prevalent therein: a serious parasitic contamination of the soil in ancient urban areas, but not in rural areas of the past. Our historical research also proposed the plausible mechanism of parasite infection very serious indeed among urban populations in Korean history. Although city dwelling doubtless has accrued significant benefits for people and populations with agriculture, it can be equally supposed that living in such highly populated areas might have facilitated the spread of parasite infection.

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トイレ考古学と考古寄生虫学
尚藤田, 宗河洪, 東勳申
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Presence of Parasite Remains in Historical Contexts in the City of Córdoba, Argentina, in the Nineteenth Century
Darío Alejandro Ramirez, Henrik Bernhard Lindskoug, Rodrigo Nores
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Ancient Echinostome Eggs Discovered in Archaeological Strata Specimens from a Baekje Capital Ruins of South Korea
Min Seo, Sang-Yuck Shim, Hwa Young Lee, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Ji Eun Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2020; 106(1): 184. CrossRef
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JOEL HENRIQUE ELLWANGER, BRUNA KULMANN-LEAL, VALÉRIA L. KAMINSKI, JACQUELINE MARÍA VALVERDE-VILLEGAS, ANA BEATRIZ G. DA VEIGA, FERNANDO R. SPILKI, PHILIP M. FEARNSIDE, LÍLIAN CAESAR, LEANDRO LUIZ GIATTI, GABRIEL L. WALLAU, SABRINA E.M. ALMEIDA, MAURO R. B
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sung-Tae Hong, Tai-Soon Yong
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Ancient Soil-Transmitted Parasite Eggs Detected from the Sixth Century Three Kingdom Period Silla Tomb
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Original Articles

Two Echinostome Species, Pegosomum bubulcum and Nephrostomum ramosum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), from an Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Eunju Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):485-496.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.485

Abstract
PDF

We describe 2 echinostome species recovered from an Eastern cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, from Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea. Total 72 Pegosomum bubulcum specimens were recovered from the bile duct. They were 7,566×2,938 μm in average size and had 27 collar spines with vitelline extension from anterior 1/3 level of the esophagus to mid-level of the posterior testis as characteristic features. Total 9 specimens of Nephrostomum ramosum were recovered in the small intestines of the bird. They were ribbon-shaped, 11,378×2,124 μm in average size, and morphologically variable in some organs, i.e., the number of collar spines (47-50), the shape of ovary and testes, and the extension of vitelline follicles. These morphological variations observed in a single host indicated that these features are not critical for the classification of Nephrostomum species and thus were reconsidered taxonomically as synonym of N. ramosum. This study is the first report documenting and describing both flukes and their associated genera in Korea.

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Filling the void: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of helminths assemblage from the Egyptian egret Bubulcus ibis
Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
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Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Chang Hyeon Lee, Heon Woo Lee, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Ju Yeong Kim, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and morphological support for the synonymy of Nephrostomum and Patagifer: discovery of new species and broad geographic connections
María G. Díaz González, Danimar López-Hernández, Vasyl V. Tkach, Fabiana Drago, Fred D. Chibwana, Martina R. Laidemitt, Christopher A. Blanar, Verónica Núñez, Mariano Dueñas Díaz, Luis A. Gomez-Puerta, Sean A. Locke
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Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 273. CrossRef
Infections of Two Isthmiophora Species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Wild Mammals from Republic of Korea with Their Morphological Descriptions
Seongjun Choe, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Jeong-Jin Yang, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 647. CrossRef
New Definitive Hosts and Differential Body Indices of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Shik Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 287. CrossRef
Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Snails and Adults from Experimental Rats in Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541. CrossRef

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Hemozoin Pigment: An Important Tool for Low Parasitemic Malarial Diagnosis: Sarita Mohapatra, Arnab Ghosh, Ruchi Singh, Dhirendra Pratap Singh, Bhawna Sharma, Jyotish Chandra Samantaray, Manorama Deb, Rajni Gaind; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):393-397.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.393

Abstract
PDF

Low parasitemic condition in malaria remains a diagnostic challenge; as the available diagnostic methods failed to detect. Currently, hemozoin (Hz) pigment is gaining attention in the diagnosis of malaria. The major drawback is ease of detection of Hz in routine practice. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the role of Hz pigment and to compare the performance of quantitative buffy coat assay (QBC) and PCR in such conditions. Clinically suspected cases of malaria were examined by both Giemsa stain and immunochromatographic test (ICT). Samples positive by ICT and negative by Giemsa stain were further examined by nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA and QBC for the presence of malaria parasites and pigments. Thirty blood samples fulfilled the inclusion criteria out of which 23 were Plasmodium vivax (Pv), 4 Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), and 3 mixed (Pv and Pf) by immunochromatographic test. Twenty-one out of 30 (70%) were positive by nested PCR in comparison to 25/30 (83%) by QBC. Samples containing both malaria parasites and Hz pigment by QBC completely showed concordance with the PCR result. However, 61% of total samples containing only Hz pigment were observed positive by PCR. Hz pigment remains an important tool for malaria diagnosis. Identification of leukocytes containing pigments by QBC not only indicates recent malarial infections but also puts light on severity of the disease. QBC assay is a rapid, highly sensitive, and cost-effective method to detect malaria parasites and Hz pigment especially in low parasitemic conditions.

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Priyadarshi Sahoo, Nitesh Kumar Pathak, D. Scott Bohle, Erin L. Dodd, Umakanta Tripathy
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Zondi Nate, Atal A.S. Gill, Ruchika Chauhan, Rajshekhar Karpoormath
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Vitória Baptista, Weng Kung Peng, Graça Minas, Maria Isabel Veiga, Susana O. Catarino
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Case Report

A Pediatric Case of Thelaziasis in Korea: Chung Hyuk Yim, Jeong Hee Ko, Jung Hyun Lee, Yu Mi Choi, Won Wook Lee, Sang Ki Ahn, Myoung Hee Ahn, Kyong Eun Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):319-321.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.319

Abstract
PDF

In the present study, we intended to report a clinical pediatric case of thelaziasis in Korea. In addition, we briefly reviewed the literature on pediatric cases of thelaziasis in Korea. In the present case, 3 whitish, thread-like eye-worms were detected in a 6-year-old-boy living in an urban area and contracted an ocular infection known as thelaziasis incidentally during ecological agritainment. This is the first report of pediatric thelaziasis in Seoul after 1995.

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Thelaziasis in humans: A systematic review of reported cases
D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana, Jaime David Acosta-España, Ranjit Sah, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
New Microbes and New Infections.2025; 65: 101599. CrossRef
A Case of Thelazia Callipaeda Ocular Infection Identified in Patients with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Shin Hee Hong, Tae Hun Kim, Hye Jin Shi, Joong Sik Eom, Yoonseon Park
Korean Journal of Healthcare-Associated Infection Control and Prevention.2022; 27(1): 77. CrossRef
A Nest of Worms in the Eye
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2018; 355(5): e15. CrossRef
A Case of Twice Recurring Ocular Thelaziasis from Thelazia callipaeda
Bon Hyeok Gu, Dong Eun Oh
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.2018; 59(9): 867. CrossRef

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Original Article

Intestinal Parasitosis in Relation to Anti-Retroviral Therapy, CD4+ T-cell Count and Diarrhea in HIV Patients: Shehla Khalil, Bijay Ranjan Mirdha, Sanjeev Sinha, Ashutosh Panda, Yogita Singh, Anju Joseph, Manorama Deb; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):705-712.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.705

Abstract
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Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the major causes of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive individuals. Antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of many opportunistic infections, but parasite-related diarrhea still remains frequent and often underestimated especially in developing countries. The present hospital-based study was conducted to determine the spectrum of intestinal parasitosis in adult HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patients with or without diarrhea with the levels of CD4+ T-cell counts. A total of 400 individuals were enrolled and were screened for intestinal parasitosis. Of these study population, 200 were HIV seropositives, and the remaining 200 were HIV uninfected individuals with or without diarrhea. Intestinal parasites were identified by using microscopy as well as PCR assay. A total of 130 (32.5%) out of 400 patients were positive for any kinds of intestinal parasites. The cumulative number of parasite positive patients was 152 due to multiple infections. A significant association of Cryptosporidium (P<0.001) was detected among individuals with CD4+ T-cell counts less than 200 cells/μl.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Coccidiosis Among Patients Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
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Farzad Mahdavi, Morteza Shams, Alireza Sadrebazzaz, Laya Shamsi, Mostafa Omidian, Ali Asghari, Soheil Hassanipour, Amir Masoud Salemi
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Adedolapo Aminat Rauff-Adedotun, Farah Haziqah Meor Termizi, Nurshafarina Shaari, Ii Li Lee
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High carriage rate of intestinal parasites among asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals on antiretroviral therapy attending the tertiary care hospital in Varanasi, India
Manish Kumar Purbey, Aradhana Singh, Simmi Kumari, Tuhina Banerjee
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS.2021; 42(2): 101. CrossRef
Intestinal Parasitosis and its Association with CD4+ T Cell Count and Viral Load among People Living with HIV in Parasite Endemic Settings of Northwest Ethiopia
Eseye Dereb, Markos Negash, Takele Teklu, Debasu Damtie, Aberham Abere, Firehiwot Kebede, Yalemwork Ewnetu, Eyuel Kasa
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2021; Volume 13: 1055. CrossRef
Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review
D. A. Laksemi, L. T. Suwanti, M. Mufasirin, K. Suastika, M. Sudarmaja
Veterinary World.2020; 13(4): 716. CrossRef
Prevalence of enteric bacteria and enteroparasites in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with diarrhoea attending antiretroviral treatment clinic, Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia
A.A. Ayele, D. Tadesse, A. Manilal, T. Yohanes, M. Seid, M. Shewangizaw Mekuria
New Microbes and New Infections.2020; 38: 100789. CrossRef
Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Adam Wondmieneh, Getnet Gedefaw, Birhan Alemnew, Addisu Getie, Melaku Bimerew, Asmamaw Demis, Francesco Di Gennaro
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Ze-Dong Wang, Quan Liu, Huan-Huan Liu, Shuang Li, Li Zhang, Yong-Kun Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
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Brief Communication

Infection Status of Endoparasites in Foreigner Workers Living in Cheonan City, Chungnam Province, Korea: Suk-Yul Jung, Mi-Jung Ahn, Joo-Yeon Oh, Hae-Seon Nam, Sung-Tae Hong, Yeon-Han Yun, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):243-246.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.243

Abstract
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At present, more than 500,000 foreigner workers, most of them from Asian countries with high parasitic infection rates, are working in Korea. Since investigation into the prevalence of parasitic infections in foreigner workers has not yet been conducted in Korea, the present study was performed to determine the parasitic infection status of foreigner workers living in Cheonan City, Chungcheongnam-do (Chungnam Province) and to plan, on that basis, effective control measures. From October to December 2013, the parasitic infection status of 231 foreigner workers employed at selected Cheonan-si small businesses was investigated by both stool examination and ELISA. A total of 60 individuals (26.0%) were found to be infected with parasites. The stool examination detected 14 positive cases (6.1%), and ELISA revealed 50 positive people (21.6%), for at least a kind of parasitic disease. The most common infection was cysticercosis (8.7%), followed by toxocariasis (7.8%) and clonorchiasis (7.4%). Since it was proved that parasitic infections were prevalent among foreigner workers living in Cheonan City, more comprehensive study is urgently needed in order to understand the nationwide status of parasitic infections in foreigner workers.

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Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Relationship between Antibody-Positive Rate against Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein and Incidence of Malaria: Hyeong-Woo Lee, Yoon-Joong Kang, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jhang Ho Pak, Ho-Woo Nam, Yun-Kyu Park, Youngjoo Sohn, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):169-175.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.169

Abstract
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The relationship between anti-Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibody levels and the prevalence of malaria in epidemic areas of South Korea was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from inhabitants of Gimpo-si (city), Paju-si, and Yeoncheon-gun (county) in Gyeonggi-do (province), as well as Cheorwon-gun in Gangwon-do from November to December 2004. Microscopic examinations were used to identify malaria parasites. ELISA was used to quantitate anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibodies against P. vivax. A total of 1,774 blood samples were collected. The overall CSP-ELISA-positive rate was 7.7% (n=139). The annual parasite incidences (APIs) in these areas gradually decreased from 2004 to 2005 (1.09 and 0.80, respectively). The positive rate in Gimpo (10.4%, 44/425) was the highest identified by CSP-ELISA. The highest API was found in Yeoncheon, followed by Cheorwon, Paju, and Gimpo in both years. The positive rates of CSP-ELISA were closely related to the APIs in the study areas. These results suggest that seroepidemiological studies based on CSP may be helpful in estimating the malaria prevalence in certain areas. In addition, this assay can be used to establish and evaluate malaria control and eradication programs in affected areas.

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Updated global distribution of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein variants and their correlation with vector susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Marrara P. Sampaio, Marcelo Cerilo-Filho, Yasmin de A․G․do Amaral, Maria Naely G. Almeida, Rayanne I. Correa, Dulce J.V. Fernando, Nathália F. Reis, Leonardo A. Miceli, José R.S. Silva, Luciane M. Storti-Melo, Andréa R.S. Baptista, Ricardo L.D. Machado
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Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
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Congenital Malaria in Newborns Selected for Low Birth-Weight, Anemia, and Other Possible Symptoms in Maumere, Indonesia: Loeki Enggar Fitri, Natalia Erica Jahja, Irene Ratridewi Huwae, Mario B. Nara, Nicole Berens-Riha; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(6):639-644.
Published online December 23, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.639

Abstract
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Congenital malaria is assumed to be a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas like Maumere, Indonesia. Infected infants are susceptible to its impact such as premature labor, low birth weight, anemia, and other unspecified symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital malaria and the influence of mother-infant paired parasite densities on the clinical outcome of the newborns at TC Hillers Hospital, Maumere. An analytical cross sectional study was carried out in newborns which showed criteria associated with congenital malaria. A thick and thin blood smear confirmed by nested PCR was performed in both mothers and infants. The association of congenital malaria with the newborn's health status was then assessed. From 112 mother-infant pairs included in this study, 92 were evaluated further. Thirty-nine infants (42.4%) were found to be infected and half of them were asymptomatic. Infected newborns had a 4.7 times higher risk in developing anemia compared to uninfected newborns (95% CI, 1.3-17.1). The hemoglobin level, erythrocyte amount, and hematocrit level were affected by the infants' parasite densities (P<0.05). Focusing on newborns at risk of congenital malaria, the prevalence is almost 3 times higher than in an unselected collective. Low birth weight, anemia, and pre-term birth were the most common features. Anemia seems to be significantly influenced by infant parasite densities but not by maternal parasitemia.

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Jalal A. Bilal, Elfatih E. Malik, Abdullah Al-Nafeesah, Ishag Adam
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I. Tahirou, M. O. Zara, M. L. Moustapha, M. Kamayé, D. Mahamadou, A. Ibrahim, M. Daou, A. Soumana, M. L. Ibrahim, Samuel Menahem
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Mini Review

Paleoparasitological Studies on Mummies of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea: Min Seo, Adauto Araujo, Karl Reinhard, Jong Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):235-242.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.235

Abstract
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Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.

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Morgana Camacho, Adauto Araújo, Johnica Morrow, Jane Buikstra, Karl Reinhard
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Paleopathological Considerations on Malaria Infection in Korea before the 20th Century
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Archaeoparasitological Strategy Based on the Microscopic Examinations of Prehistoric Samples and the Recent Report on the Difference in the Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Indian Subcontinent
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MIN SEO, CHANG SEOK OH, JONG HA HONG, JONG-YIL CHAI, SOON CHUL CHA, YURI BANG, IN GUK CHA, YANG GUN WI, JUNG MIN PARK, DONG HOON SHIN
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Original Articles

Seroprevalence of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea (2003-2005) using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test: Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon-Joong Kang, Won-Ja Lee, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Ung Moon, Seok Ho Cha, Sung-Keun Lee, Yun-Kyu Park, Jhang-Ho Pak, Pyo Yun Cho, Youngjoo Sohn, Hyeong-Woo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):1-7.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.1

Abstract
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Plasmodium vivax reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993, and is likely to continue to affect public health. The purpose of this study was to measure levels of anti-P. vivax antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in border areas of ROK, to determine the seroprevalence of malaria (2003-2005) and to plan effective control strategies. Blood samples of the inhabitants in Gimpo-si, Paju-si, and Yeoncheon-gun (Gyeonggi-do), and Cheorwon-gun (Gangwon-do) were collected and kept in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Out of a total of 1,774 serum samples tested, the overall seropositivity was 0.94% (n=17). The seropositivity was the highest in Paju-si (1.9%, 7/372), followed by Gimpo-si (1.4%, 6/425), Yeoncheon-gun (0.67%, 3/451), and Cheorwon-gun (0.19%, 1/526). The annual parasite incidence (API) in these areas gradually decreased from 2003 to 2005 (1.69, 1.09, and 0.80 in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively). The highest API was found in Yeoncheon-gun, followed by Cheorwon-gun, Paju-si, and Gimpo-si. The API ranking in these areas did not change over the 3 years. The seropositivity of Gimpo-si showed a strong linear relationship with the API of 2005 (r=0.9983, P=0.036). Seropositivity data obtained using IFAT may be useful for understanding malaria prevalence of relevant years, predicting future transmission of malaria, and for establishing and evaluating malaria control programs in affected areas.

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Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Rural Communities, Northeast Thailand: Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo, Thidarut Boonmars, Butsara Kaewsamut, Nuttapon Ekobol, Porntip Laummaunwai, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Nadchanan Wonkchalee, Amornrat Juasook, Pranee Sriraj; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):727-734.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.727

Abstract
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Despite the existence of effective anthelmintics, parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. In rural communities, continuing infection is often reinforced by dietary habits that have a strong cultural basis and by poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This study presents a survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the people in rural Thailand. The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in villages in Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand, from March to August 2013. A total of 253 stool samples from 102 males and 140 females, aged 2-80 years, were prepared using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods and examined using light microscopy. Ninety-four individuals (37.2%) were infected with 1 or more parasite species. Presence of parasitic infection was significantly correlated with gender (P=0.001); nearly half of males in this survey (49.0%) were infected. Older people had a higher prevalence than younger members of the population. The most common parasite found was Opisthorchis viverrini (26.9%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (9.5%), Taenia spp. (1.6%), echinostomes (0.4%), and hookworms (0.4%). The prevalence of intestinal protozoa was Blastocystis hominis 1.6%, Entamoeba histolytica 0.8%, Entamoeba coli 0.8%, Balantidium coli 0.4%, Iodamoeba b?tschlii 0.4%, and Sarcocystis hominis 0.4%. Co-infections of various helminths and protozoa were present in 15.9% of the people. The present results show that the prevalence of parasitic infections in this region is still high. Proactive education about dietary habits, personal hygiene, and sanitation should be provided to the people in this community to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections. Moreover, development of policies and programs to control parasites is needed.

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

State of the Art of Taenia solium as Compared to Taenia asiatica: Ana Flisser; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):43-49.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.43

Abstract
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Three species of tapeworms infect humans in their adult stage (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica). The 3 are flat, opaque white or yellowish, and exceptional long segmented parasites, measuring 1 to 12 m in their adult stage. In this review, the development of the knowledge regarding the first species, mainly focused on understanding how the larval stage or cysticercus is transmitted to humans, is described. The second species is a cosmopolitan parasite that only causes taeniosis and not cysticercosis; therefore, it will not be included. Information on the third species, which is presently being produced, since this species was recognized as such only at the end of the 20th century, will be discussed at the end of this review.

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Original Article

Opportunistic Parasites among Immunosuppressed Children in Minia District, Egypt: Ekhlas H. Abdel-Hafeez, Azza K. Ahmad, Basma A. Ali, Fadia A. Moslam; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):57-62.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.57

Abstract
PDF

A total of 450 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Pediatric Department, Minia University Hospital, Minia District, Egypt. Two groups of patients were studied, including 200 immunosuppressed and 250 immunocompetent children. Stool samples were subjected to wet saline and iodine mounts. A concentration technique (formol-ether sedimentation method) was carried out for stool samples diagnosed negative by wet saline and iodine mounts. Samples were stained by 2 different methods; acid fast stain (modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain) and Giemsa stain. Total 188 cases (94%) were diagnosed positive for parasitic infections among immunosuppressed children, whereas 150 cases (60%) were positive in immunocompetent children (P<0.0001). The most common protozoan infection in immunosuppressed group was Cryptosporidium parvum (60.2%), followed by Blastocystis hominis (12.1%), Isospora belli (9.7%), and Cyclospora caytenensis (7.8%). On the other hand, Entamoeba histolytica (24.6%) and Giardia lamblia (17.6%) were more common than other protozoans in immunocompetent children.

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Brief Communication

Intestinal Parasite Infections in Pigs and Beef Cattle in Rural Areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea: Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Hyung-Kyu Jeon, Yong-Man Yu, Changhee Do, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):347-349.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.347

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to investigate the infection status of intestinal parasites in pigs and beef cattle in rural areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. From November 2009 to April 2010, a total of 241 fecal samples of pigs and beef cattle (136 and 105, respectively) were examined by direct smear and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The overall positive rates of intestinal parasites among pigs and beef cattle were 73.5% and 4.8%, respectively, and the double-infection rate was 10.3% in pigs. Of 136 specimens from pigs, Balantidium coli, Ascaris suum, and Entamoeba spp. infections were found in 88 (64.7%), 24 (17.6%), and 5 cases (3.7%), respectively. Of 105 beef cattle, Entamoeba spp. infections were detected in 5 cases (4.8%). From these results, it is shown that pigs raised on rural farms in Chungcheongnam-do had a high B. coli infection rate and a moderate A. suum infection rate. These results demonstrate that environmentally resistant cysts or eggs could be widespread on the farms examined, and thus an effective hygienic management system is needed to prevent them from serving as the source of infection for human beings.

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Mini Review

Phosphagen Kinases of Parasites: Unexplored Chemotherapeutic Targets: Blanca R. Jarilla, Takeshi Agatsuma; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):281-284.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.281

Abstract
PDF

Due to the possible emergence of resistance and safety concerns on certain treatments, development of new drugs against parasites is essential for the effective control and subsequent eradication of parasitic infections. Several drug targets have been identified which are either genes or proteins essential for the parasite survival and distinct from the hosts. These include the phosphagen kinases (PKs) which are enzymes that play a key role in maintenance of homeostasis in cells exhibiting high or variable rates of energy turnover by catalizing the reversible transfer of a phosphate between ATP and naturally occurring guanidine compounds. PKs have been identified in a number of important human and animal parasites and were also shown to be significant in survival and adaptation to stress conditions. The potential of parasite PKs as novel chemotherapeutic targets remains to be explored.

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Original Article

Survey of Flea Infestation in Dogs in Different Geographical Regions of Iran: Mosa Tavassoli, Amir Ahmadi, Abbas Imani, Emad Ahmadiara, Shahram Javadi, Mojtaba Hadian; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):145-149.
Published online June 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.145

Abstract
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Medically important arthropods, including fleas, play an important role in causing clinical disorders and disease in man and domestic animals. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal flea infestations for domestic dogs from different geographic regions of Iran. A total of 407 fleas, belonging to 5 different species, were recovered from 83 domestic dogs from 3 regions. There was a distinctive pattern of species distribution and infestations with the highest infestation rates observed in a temperate climate and higher rainfall. Additionally, fleas were observed over all seasons, except February and March, with the highest infestation rate observed in August (24.7%) and the lowest rate in January (1.7%). They also parasitize dogs with a different spectrum of species. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (67.5%), exhibited the highest prevalence among all flea species found on dogs. Thus, climatic conditions and seasonal patterns impact on flea infestation and must be considered in developing control programs.

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Brief Communication

Antigenemia and Specific IgM and IgG Antibody Responses in Rabbits Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Juan Hua Quan, Hassan Ahmed Hassan, Guang-Ho Cha, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):409-412.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.409

Abstract
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In this experiment, the correlation between antigenemia and specific antibody responses in Toxoplasma gondii-infected rabbits was assessed. We injected 1,000 T. gondii tachyzoites (RH) subcutaneously into 5 rabbits. Parasitemia, circulating antigens, and IgM and IgG antibody titers in blood were tested by ELISA and immunoblot. For detection of parasitemia, mice were injected with blood from rabbits infected with T. gondii and mice died between days 2 and 10 post-infection (PI). Circulating antigens were detected early on day 2 PI, and the titers increased from day 4 PI and peaked on day 12 PI. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody titers increased on day 6 PI and peaked on days 14-16 PI. IgG was detected from day 10 PI, and the titers increased continuously during the experiment. The antigenic protein patterns differed during the infection period, and the number of bands increased with ongoing infection by the immunoblot analysis. These result indicated that Toxoplasma circulating antigens during acute toxoplasmosis are closely related to the presence of parasites in blood. Also, the circulating antigen levels were closely correlated with IgM titers, but not with IgG titers. Therefore, co-detection of circulating antigens with IgM antibodies may improve the reliability of the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis.

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Epidemiological and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Rabbits and Hares: 2010–2020
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Mini Reviews

Fifty Years of the Korean Society for Parasitology: Seung-Yull Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S7.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S7

Abstract
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In 1959, the Korean Society for Parasitology was founded by clinical scientists, specialists of public health, and 5 core parasitologists with experience in American science and medicine. The Society this year celebrates its 50th anniversary. Due to public health importance at the time of foundation, medical parasitology was the main stream for next 3 decades. Domestic problems of niche parasitic diseases, unlisted in 6 tropical diseases of major importance, had been studied by own efforts. To cope with the demand of parasite control, evaluation system for control activity was built up. Control activity against soil-transmitted nematodes, conducted for almost 3 decades, was evaluated as a success. Evaluation of praziquantel efficacy for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and neurocysticercosis, population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a situation of continuous reinfections, diagnostic modalities of antibody tests combined with brain imaging developed for helminthiasis of the central nervous system and researches on intestinal trematodes were achievements in the first 30 years. During the recent 2 decades, science researches, such as cell and molecular biology of parasites and immunology of parasitic infections have been studied especially on parasitic allergens and proteolytic and anti-oxidant enzymes. Experiences of international cooperation for world health have been accumulated and would be expanded in the future.

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GRA Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii: Maintenance of Host-Parasite Interactions across the Parasitophorous Vacuolar Membrane: Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S29.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S29

Abstract
PDF

The dense granule of Toxoplasma gondii is a secretory vesicular organelle of which the proteins participate in the modification of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and PV membrane for the maintenance of intracellular parasitism in almost all nucleated host cells. In this review, the archives on the research of GRA proteins are reviewed on the foci of finding GRA proteins, characterizing molecular aspects, usefulness in diagnostic antigen, and vaccine trials in addition to some functions in host-parasite interactions.

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Review of Zoonotic Parasites in Medical and Veterinary Fields in the Republic of Korea: Heejeong Youn; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S133.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S133

Abstract
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Zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. The major zoonotic protozoa in the Republic of Korea are Babesia bovis, Chilomastix mesnili, Cryptosporidium parvum, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hitolytica, Giardia lamblia, Iodamoeba b?tschlii, Pneumocystis carinii, Sarcocystis cruzi, and Toxoplasma gondii. The major zoonotic helminths in Korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. Trematodes are Clonorchis sinensis, Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma spp., Fasciola hepatica, Heterophyes nocens, Metagonimus yokogawai, and Paragonimus westermani. Cestodes are Diphyllobothrium latum, Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepis nana, Raillietina tetragona, sparganum (Spirometra spp.), Taenia saginata, T. solium, and T. asiatica. Nematodes are Ancylostoma caninum, Brugia malayi, Capillaria hepatica, Dirofilaria immitis, Gnathostoma dololesi, Gnathostoma spinigerum, Loa loa, Onchocerca gibsoni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Thelazia callipaeda, Trichinella spiralis, Trichostrongylus orientalis, Trichuris trichiura, and Trichuris vulpis. The one arthropod is Sarcoptes scabiei. Many of these parasites have disappeared or were in decline after the 1990's. Since the late 1990's, the important zoonotic protozoa have been C. parvum, E. nana, E. coli, E. hitolytica, G. lamblia, I. buetschlii, P. carinii and T. gondii. The important zoonotic helminths have been C. sinensis, H. nocens, M. yokogawai, P. westermani, D. latum, T. asiatica, sparganum, B. malayi, T. orientalis, T. callipaeda and T. spiralis. However, outbreaks of these parasites are only in a few endemic areas. The outbreaks of Enterobius vermicularis and head lice, human parasites, have recently increased in the kindergartens and primary schools in the Republic of Korea.

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