Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"ROC"

Case Report

Thelazia callipaeda (Nematoda: Spirurida) infections in 2 wildlife species, Prionailurus bengalensis and Nyctereutes procyonoides, in Korea: Jinho Jang, Young-Seok Park, YoungMin Yun, Keeseon S. Eom, Seongjun Choe; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):95-101.
Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24079

Abstract
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Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), a parasitic eye worm causing thelaziasis has been reported in humans and dogs in Korea. However, its occurrence in other potential reservoir hosts, including wild animals, remains unclear. In the present study, we described the 2 cases of thelaziasis from both of feral and captive wild animal in Korea. In August and November 2017, 2 cases of the parasitic infections were found in the third eyelid of rescued leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis and reared raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides at the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center. A total of 20 and 24 worms were detected from the left and right eyes of leopard cat, respectively. In the left eye of the raccoon dog, 5 worms were recognized. Male worms were 969–11,860 μm long (10,600 μm on average) and 300–320 μm width (315 μm on average). Female worms were 13,430–15,330 (14,480) μm long and 320–370 (344) μm wide in size. They commonly had a characteristic scalariform buccal cavity and short esophagus. The vulva openings were located at the anterior of esophago-intestinal junction in females. The thelaziasis is reported in 2 species of wildlife, P. bengalensis and N. procyonoides, for the first time in Korea.

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Detection of intestinal parasites in leopard cat fecal samples using shotgun metagenomics
Jun Ho Choi, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Dongjun Kang, Du-Yeol Choi, Xavier Chavarria, Arwa Shatta, Yoon Hee Cho, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(4): 349. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Microscopic findings of host–parasite interaction between the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, and the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis: Sang Phil Shin, Seokryel Kim; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(4):490-496.
Published online November 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24043

Abstract
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This study was conducted to examine the pathogenesis of gill degeneration in the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, infested with the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis. We collected 30 Korean rockfish from a fish farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and examined them with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histopathology, in March 2018. The monogenean trematode, M. sebastis, was detected in 27 Korean rockfish (90%), with the intensity of infection being 31.7 per fish. The characteristic surface ultrastructures such as tegument with transverse striations, genital atrium, genital pore, and opisthaptor with numerous clamps were observed. The worms were firmly attached to the gill lamellae using clamps from the opisthaptor, causing gill damage and degeneration. The distal part of the lamellae was ruptured by the sclerites of the clamps. The histopathological examination revealed epithelial hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and occasionally fusion of the lamellae. These ultrastructural and histopathological findings provide some understanding of the pathogenesis of gill degeneration in the Korean rockfish infested with M. sebastis.

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Original Articles

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in field isolates from central Myanmar: Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba, Sanghyun Lee, Zin Moon, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Moe Kyaw Myint, Haung Naw, Byoung-Kuk Na, Youn-Kyoung Goo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):24-32.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22165

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), encoded by the polymorphic var multigene family, is a highly polymorphic antigen that plays a crucial role in the pathology of malaria. The contribution of the genetic diversity of var toward the immune escape of P. falciparum has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of var repertoires by screening P. falciparum Duffy-binding-like α domain (PfDBLα) among field isolates from central Myanmar. Genetic analysis revealed that the D-H segments of var in Myanmar populations have an extensive polymorphic repertoire, with high numbers of unique sequence types in each individual. However, var genes from the global population, including Myanmar, shared close genetic lineages regardless of their geographic origins, indicating that they have not undergone rapid evolutionary changes.

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Exploring the Potential of miRNA-92a-3p as Lead for Sequence-Based Therapies for Malaria
Sowmya R. Prabhu, Sayandrila Paul, Shashikiran Umakanth, Manjunath Hande, Abdul Vahab Saadi, Himanshu Gupta, Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in field isolates: Correspondence
Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 338. CrossRef

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Proteomic and Immunological Identification of Diagnostic Antigens from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid: Yan Lu, Jia-Hui Sun, Li-Li Lu, Jia-Xu Chen, Peng Song, Lin Ai, Yu-Chun Cai, Lan-Hua Li, Shao-Hong Chen; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):615-623.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.615

Human sparganosis is a food-borne parasitic disease caused by the plerocercoids of Spirometra species. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is crucial for effective treatment, thus it is important to identify sensitive and specific antigens of plerocercoids. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize the immunogenic proteins of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei plerocercoids that were recognized by patient sera. Crude soluble extract of the plerocercoids were separated using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblot and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on immunoblotting patterns and mass spectrometry results, 8 antigenic proteins were identified from the plerocercoid. Among the proteins, cysteine protease protein might be developed as an antigen for diagnosis of sparganosis.

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Lysine acetylation in the spargana of Spirometra mansoni: Insights into glycolysis and EF-hand domain proteins
Yuke Zeng, Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid, Qin Meng, Shuyu Chen, Xiaoruo Tan, Cuiqin Huang, Shiquan Lu, Teng Zhong, Yuanpeng Hu, Yisong Liu, Wei Liu
Acta Tropica.2025; 272: 107932. CrossRef
Establishment of Animal Infection Model of Spirometra Mansoni and Identification of Spirometra Mansoni by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Anqi Luo, Shuyu Chen, Mingye He, Xiaoruo Tan, Zhikang Li, Wei Liu, Yisong Liu
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunoproteomics: Approach to Diagnostic and Vaccine Development
Virendra Supaji Gomase, Suchita Prabhakar Dhamane, Kiran Ramesh Kemkar, Pavan Ganpat Kakade, Abhay Dewappa Sakhare
Protein & Peptide Letters.2024; 31(10): 773. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Recovered from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea: Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):303-309.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.303

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In this study, we intended to describe an unrecorded species of heterophyid trematode recovered from the small intestine of a Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 13 small flukes were collected from a deceased Korean raccoon dog which was found in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea in May 2017. The trematode body were covered with many small spines, rectangular, broader than long, 807-1,103 µm long and 1,270-1,550 µm wide. Oral sucker in the anterior end slightly smaller than acetabulum. Pharynx muscular and well developed. Esophagus relatively long and sigmoid. Acetabulum small and located at median in anterior 2/5 portion. Ceca bifurcated at the anterior of genital pore and acetabulum and terminated at testis level. Testes larger, deeply lobed and located at the near of posterior end of body. Ovary small, triangular and located at the slight left of median and the anterior of left testis. Vitelline follicles dendritic and extend from the middle level of esophagus to the posterior portion of body. Eggs embryonated, operculated, small and 33-35×15-16 µm in size. Based on the morphological characteristics, the small heterophyid flukes recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dog, N. procyonoides koreensis, were identified as Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Accordingly, this species of heterophyid flukes is to be a new trematode fauna in Korea by this study.

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Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)
Jaimie L. Miller, Lawrence Erickson, Susanne Fork, Constance L. Roderick, Daniel A. Grear, Rebecca A. Cole
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 23: 100908. CrossRef
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) as a host of Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus s.l. and other helminths – a new zoonotic threat in Poland
Jacek Karamon, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, Ewa Bilska-Zając, Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba, Jacek Sroka, Jolanta Zdybel, Tomasz Cencek
Journal of Veterinary Research.2024; 68(4): 539. CrossRef
Cryptocotyle lata (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) Adult from a Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis
Heon Woo Lee, Eui Ju Hong, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Si Yun Ryu, Bae Keun Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 645. CrossRef

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Occurrence and Molecular Identification of Microcotyle sebastis Isolated from Fish Farms of the Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii: Jun-Young Song, Keun-Yong Kim, Seo-Woo Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):89-95.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.89

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Microcotyle sebastis is a gill monogenean ectoparasite that causes serious problems in the mariculture of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In this study, we isolated the parasite from fish farms along the coasts of Tongyeong, South Korea in 2016, and characterized its infection, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The prevalence of M. sebastis infection during the study period ranged from 46.7% to 96.7%, and the mean intensity was 2.3 to 31.4 ind./fish, indicating that the fish was constantly exposed to parasitic infections throughout the year. Morphological observations under light and scanning electron microscopes of the M. sebastis isolates in this study showed the typical characteristics of the anterior prohaptor and posterior opisthaptor of monogenean parasites. In phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), they consistently clustered together with their congeneric species, and showed the closest phylogenetic relationships to M. caudata and M. kasago in the cox1 tree.

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Redescription of Microcotyle elegans (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae) from Scombrops boops (Perciformes: Scombropidae) off Japanese Waters
Yusuke Kamio, Masato Nitta
Species Diversity.2025; 30(2): 111. CrossRef
Microscopic findings of host–parasite interaction between the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, and the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis
Sang Phil Shin, Seokryel Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 490. CrossRef
The genus Microcotyle in Mediterranean scorpaenoids (Teleostei), including the description of Microcotyle merche n. sp. from Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)
M. Víllora-Montero, A. Pérez-del-Olmo, M. Valmaseda-Angulo, J.A. Raga, F.E. Montero
Journal of Helminthology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation of endemicity between monogenean trematode, Microcotyle sebastis, and parasitic copepods in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, from a fish farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Won-Sik Woo, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Chan-Il Park
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 332. CrossRef
Assessment of Salinomycin’s Potential to Treat Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
Won-Sik Woo, Sang Hee Shim, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Seungjin Lee, Jaekyeong Kim, Jung-Soo Seo, Mun-Gyeong Kwon, Do-Hyung Kim, Chan-Il Park
Animals.2023; 13(20): 3233. CrossRef
Description of a New Species, Microcotyle pacinkar n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), Parasitic on Gills of Sebastes taczanowskii (Sebastidae) from off Usujiri, Hokkaido, Northern Japan
Yusuke Kamio, Masato Nitta
Species Diversity.2023; 28(2): 263. CrossRef
Kannaphallus leptosomus n. sp. (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae: Cemocotylinae) parasitizing Scyris indica (Carangiformes: Carangidae) from Malaysia
Masato Nitta, Yusuke Kondo, Susumu Ohtsuka, Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin, Norshida Ismail
Systematic Parasitology.2022; 99(5): 587. CrossRef

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Parvatrema duboisi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) Life Cycle Stages in Manila Clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, from Aphae-do (Island), Shinan-gun, Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hojong Jun, Min-Jae Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):83-88.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.83

Abstract
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Life cycle stages, including daughter sporocysts, cercariae, and metacercariae, of Parvatrema duboisi (Dollfus, 1923) Bartoli, 1974 (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) have been found in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Aphaedo (Island), Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. The daughter sporocysts were elongated sac-like and 307-570 (av. 395) μm long and 101-213 (av. 157) μm wide. Most of the daughter sporocysts contained 15-20 furcocercous cercariae each. The cercariae measured 112-146 (av. 134) μm in total length and 35-46 (av. 40) μm in width, with 69-92 (av. 85) μm long body and 39-54 (av. 49) μm long tail. The metacercariae were 210-250 (av. 231) μm in length and 170-195 (av. 185) μm in width, and characterized by having a large oral sucker, genital pore some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, no ventral pit, and 1 compact or slightly lobed vitellarium, strongly suggesting P. duboisi. The metacercariae were experimentally infected to ICR mice, and adults were recovered at day 7 post-infection. The adult flukes were morphologically similar to the metacercariae except in the presence of up to 20 eggs in the uterus. The daughter sporocysts and metacercariae were molecularly (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) analyzed to confirm the species, and the results showed 99.8-99.9% identity with P. duboisi reported from Kyushu, Japan and Gochang, Korea. These results confirmed the presence of various life cycle stages of P. duboisi in the Manila clam, R. philippinarum, playing the role of the first as well as the second intermediate host, on Aphae-do (Island), Shinan-gun, Korea.

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Spatial patterns of trematode-induced pits on bivalve skeletons: Challenges and prospects for research on parasite-host dynamics
Alexis Rojas, John Warren Huntley, Monica Caffara, Daniele Scarponi
The Holocene.2025; 35(12): 1259. CrossRef
Pearl formation associated with gymnophallid metacercariae in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Northwestern Adriatic coast: Preliminary observations
Erica Marchiori, Francesco Quaglio, Giovanni Franzo, Ginevra Brocca, Sonja Aleksi, Pietrogiovanni Cerchier, Rudi Cassini, Federica Marcer
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.2023; 196: 107854. CrossRef
Molecular phylogeny, distribution, and pathogenicity of a novel thraustochytrid protist in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, on the west and south coasts of Korea
Biyun Zhao, Seung-Hyeon Kim, Dae-Woong Koh, S.D.N.K. Bathige, Kwang-Sik Choi, Kyung-Il Park
Aquaculture.2023; 575: 739779. CrossRef
Biotic and abiotic drivers affect parasite richness, prevalence and abundance inMytilus galloprovincialisalong the Northern Adriatic Sea
C. Bommarito, M. Wahl, D.W. Thieltges, C. Pansch, M. Zucchetta, F. Pranovi
Parasitology.2022; 149(1): 15. CrossRef
Effects of larval trematode parasitism on the reproductive capacity of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in a sandy-mud tidal flat on the west coast of Korea
Young-Ghan Cho, Hye-Mi Lee, Jeong-Hwa Kim, Jong-Seop Shin, Hee-Do Jeung, Kwang-Sik Choi
Frontiers in Marine Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Negative Impacts of Perkinsus olseni Infection in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Observed from Tidal Flats in Anmyeondo Island on the West Coast of Korea During Post-Spawning Period
Hye-Mi Lee, Kyung-Il Park, Hyun-Sung Yang, Kwang-Sik Choi
Ocean Science Journal.2021; 56(3): 307. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea: Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):23-33.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.23

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The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae (ZTM) was surveyed in freshwater fishes from the water systems of Geum-gang (River) in the Republic of Korea (Korea). A total of 1,161 freshwater fishes from 6 local sites of Geum-gang were examined with the artificial digestion method for 4 years (2012-2015). Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 122 (37.2%) out of 328 fishes in the positive fish species from 4 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 43 per fish infected. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 432 (51.7%) out of 835 fishes in the positive fish species from all 6 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 30 per fish infected. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 285 (75.0%) out of 380 fishes in the positive fish species from 6 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 2,100 per fish infected. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were found in 56 (19.7%) out of 284 fishes in the positive fish species from 5 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 10 per fish infected. Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae were detected in 98 (57.3%) out of 171 fishes in the positive fish species from only 2 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 11 per fish infected. Conclusively, the endemicity of ZTM is not so high in fishes from water systems of Geum-gang in Korea although it is more or less different by fish species, surveyed areas and ZTM species.

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Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1. CrossRef
Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79. CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef
Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jong-Ho Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265. CrossRef
Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427. CrossRef

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Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process: Junjie Fan, Hongye Wu, Kai Li, Xunuo Liu, Qingqing Tan, Wenqiao Cao, Bo Liang, Bin Ye; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):287-299.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.287

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. It seriously affects the development of animal husbandry and endangers human health. Due to a poor understanding of the cystic fluid formation pathway, there is currently a lack of innovative methods for the prevention and treatment of CE. In this study, the protoscoleces (PSCs) in the encystation process were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 32,401 transcripts and 14,903 cDNAs revealed numbers of new genes and transcripts, stage-specific genes, and differently expressed genes. Genes encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways, such as putative G-protein coupled receptor, tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine protein kinase, were predominantly up-regulated during the encystation process. Antioxidant enzymes included cytochrome c oxidase, thioredoxin glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were a high expression level. Intriguingly, KEGG enrichment suggested that differentially up-regulated genes involved in the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption metabolic pathway may play important roles in the transport of proteins, carbohydrates, and other substances. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of cystic fluid production during the encystation process, and provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of growth and development of PSCs.

Citations

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First comparative proteomic and in vitro behavioral study of Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes in Felis catus
Andrea Maglioco, Vanesa V. Miana, María Pía Valacco, Facundo A. Agüero, María Laura Gertiser, Héctor G. Avila, Melisa S. Barbery Venturi, Oscar Jensen, Alejandra Y. Juárez Valdez, Elio A. Prieto González, Alicia G. Fuchs
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae and germinative cell cultures reveals genes involved in parasite stem cell function
Michaela Herz, Magdalena Zarowiecki, Leonie Wessels, Katharina Pätzel, Ruth Herrmann, Christiane Braun, Nancy Holroyd, Thomas Huckvale, Monika Bergmann, Markus Spiliotis, Uriel Koziol, Matthew Berriman, Klaus Brehm
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
In vitro and in silico scolicidal effect of sanguinarine on the hydatid cyst protoscoleces
Elham Hassanzadeh, Shahram Khademvatan, Behzad Jafari, Abbas Jafari, Elham Yousefi, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0290947. CrossRef
Transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces reveals differences in immune modulation gene expression between cysts found in cattle and sheep
Ismael Pereira, Christian Hidalgo, Caroll Stoore, María Soledad Baquedano, Carolina Cabezas, Macarena Bastías, Aníbal Riveros, Claudio Meneses, Martín Cancela, Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira, Leonardo Sáenz, Rodolfo Paredes
Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Chromosome-scale Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G1) genome reveals the Eg95 gene family and conservation of the EG95-vaccine molecule
Pasi K. Korhonen, Liina Kinkar, Neil D. Young, Huimin Cai, Marshall W. Lightowlers, Charles Gauci, Abdul Jabbar, Bill C. H. Chang, Tao Wang, Andreas Hofmann, Anson V. Koehler, Junhua Li, Jiandong Li, Daxi Wang, Jiefang Yin, Huanming Yang, David J. Jenkins
Communications Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Genomes of Two Strains of Taenia crassiceps the Animal Model for the Study of Human Cysticercosis
Raúl J. Bobes, Karel Estrada, Diana G. Rios-Valencia, Arturo Calderón-Gallegos, Patricia de la Torre, Julio C. Carrero, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Juan P. Laclette
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions
José de Jesús Martínez-González, Alberto Guevara-Flores, Irene Patricia del Arenal Mena
Antioxidants.2022; 11(6): 1102. CrossRef
Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification of Notch signalling pathway-related miRNA–mRNA subnetwork in extracellular vesicles during Echinococcus granulosus encystation
Jian Gao, Xuan Zhou, Ling Liu, Guodong Lv, Qiulian Hou, Xiaofan Zhang, Yujuan Shen
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis in different developmental stages ofEchinococcus granulosus
Xin Li, Song Jiang, Xuhai Wang, Wenqiao Hui, Bin Jia
Parasite.2021; 28: 15. CrossRef
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the early developmental stages of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces reveals extensive alternative splicing events in the spliceosome pathway
Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Donald P. McManus, Mehdi Mansouri
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Synergism therapeutic and immunoregulatory effects of Albendazole + rAd-mIL-28B against Echinococcosis in experiment-infected mice with protoscoleces
Yan Zhang, Jianghua Wang, Qingxia Yang, Zhi Li, Xiaoying Xu, Chong Chen, Zongjie Hou, Qi He, Li Sheng, Xingming Ma, Yanping Luo, Alessandra Morassutti
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(11): e0009927. CrossRef

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Neurocysticercosis: Clinical Characteristics and Changes from 26 Years of Experience in an University Hospital in Korea: Hyo-Ju Son, Min Jae Kim, Kyung Hwa Jung, Sungim Choi, Jiwon Jung, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):265-271.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.265

Abstract
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The prevalence of human taeniasis has decreased in Korea. The stool egg positive proportion decreased from 1.9% in 1971 to 0% in 2004 in nationwide surveys. The neurocysticercosis (NCC) is also presumed to decrease. However, detailed information regarding the recent status of NCC in Korea is lacking. We retrospectively reviewed NCC cases from 1990 to 2016 at Asan Medical Center, a 2700-bed tertiary referral hospital in Korea. We identified patients based on clinical symptoms, brain imaging, pathology and serological assay. The cases were classified as parenchymal, extraparenchymal, and mixed NCC. Eighty-one patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 54.5 years, and 79.0% were male. The number of NCC cases was highest from 1995 to 1999, and continuously decreased thereafter. Forty (49.4%) patients had parenchymal NCC, while 25 (30.9%) patients had extraparenchymal NCC, and 16 (19.8%) patients had mixed NCC. The seizure and headache were most common symptom of parenchymal NCC and extraparenchymal NCC respectively. Hydrocephalus was more common in extraparenchymal NCC, and patients with extraparenchymal NCC were more likely to require a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Cases of NCC are decreasing accordingly with human taeniasis and lesion location was the most important determinant of clinical presentation and outcome of NCC in Korea.

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Mudamanchu Vamsi Krishna, Pubali Biswas, C. A. Jayashankar, V. H. Ganaraja, Amey Joshi
Clinical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Disseminated Neurocysticercosis With Intraventricular and Cisternal Extension Without Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Bibek Shrestha, Priyesh Shrestha, Bikram Prasad Gajurel, Grishma Kandel, Laxmi Shah
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Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis: Comparative Analysis of Different Localizations. Clinical Course and Treatment: A Systematic Review
Zoran Milenković, Stefan Momčilović, Aleksandra Ignjatović, Aleksandra Aracki-Trenkić, Tanja Džopalić, Nataša Vidović, Zorica Jović, Suzana Tasić-Otašević
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Knowledge and misconceptions about epilepsy among people with epilepsy and their caregivers attending mental health clinics: A qualitative study in Taenia solium endemic pig‐keeping communities in Tanzania
Charles E Makasi, Andrew M Kilale, Bernard J Ngowi, Yakobo Lema, Victor Katiti, Michael J Mahande, Elizabeth F. Msoka, Dominik Stelzle, Andrea S Winkler, Blandina T. Mmbaga
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Sunghee Park, Jiwon Jung, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Min Jae Kim
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Neurocysticercosis Presenting as Homonymous Hemianopia
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PLOS ONE.2019; 14(11): e0225508. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

First Report of Clavinema mariae (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Cultured Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, in Cheonsuman (Bay), the Republic of Korea: Hyun-Ja Han, Jung Soo Seo, Jeong Su Park, Haeng Lim Lee, Han Gill Seo, Sung Hee Jung, Se Ryun Kwon; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):219-224.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.219

Abstract
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In July 2012, philometrid nematodes were discovered in cultured rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) in Cheonsuman (Bay), the Republic of Korea. The nematodes were detected in the epithelial tissues of the rockfish and were identified as Clavinema mariae based on morphological studies using light and scanning electron microscopy. They revealed the characteristics same as previously identified C. mariae, notably having a long body with narrow posterior half, no caudal projection, a cylindrical-shaped esophagus, a well-developed anterior bulbous part of the esophagus, cephalic papillae, and a dorsal esophageal gland. This is the first confirmation of C. mariae infection in rockfish in Korea.

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Nematode Parasites of Rockfish (Sebastes spp.) and Cod (Gadus spp.) from Waters near Kodiak Island Alaska, USA
Mehmet Cemal Oğuz, Andrea McRae Campbell, Samuel P. Bennett, Mark C. Belk
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New records of philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off Japan, including description of Philometra kidakoi sp. n. and Congerinema japonicum gen. et sp. n.
Frantisek Moravec, Kazuya Nagasawa, Masato Nitta, Atsushi Tawa
Folia Parasitologica.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from Cats in Vietnam: Morphological Redescription and Molecular Phylogenetics: Hung Manh Nguyen, Hien Van Hoang, Loan Thi Ho; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):39-45.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.39

Abstract
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The present study was performed to reveal the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic position of Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910. A total 167 specimens of P. fastosum were collected in 8 (4.9%) out of 163 sets of gall-bladders and bile ducts of cats. The number of worms was 1-105 per infected cat. This species was characterized by having a long and slender body, slightly larger ventral sucker than the oral sucker, indistinct prepharynx, small pharynx, short esophagus, bifurcation midway between 2 suckers, and ceca extending to the posterior end of the body. The length of the partial sequences of ITS1 and 5.8S rDNA of P. fastosum were 990 bp, GC-rich. AT/GC ratio was 0.9, there were 9 polymorphic sites, and intraspecific variations ranged from 0.1% to 0.9%. Phylogenetic analyses by neighbor-joining phylogram inferred from ITS1 rDNA sequences revealed that the genetic distance between P. fastosum specimens ranged from 0.3 to 1.5% while the smallest interspecific distance among dicrocoeliid species was 20.9 %. The redescription and genetic characters of P. fastosum are taxonomically important to recognize future different species of the genus Platynosomum showing high intraspecific and morphological variability.

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Giant cell hepatitis with Platynosomum illiciens infection in a Japanese domestic cat
Natsumi Kobayashi, Aya Masuda, Jun Matsumoto, Natsumi Asai, Nobuhiko Hida, Tomoaki Murakami
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation.2025; 37(6): 942. CrossRef
Occurrence and Risk Factors Associated with Platynosomum illiciens Infection in Cats with Elevated Liver Enzymes
Pinkarn Chantawong, Jiraporn Potiwong, Natchanon Choochote, Kakanang Piyarungsri, Chakorn Kunkaew, Sahatchai Tangtrongsup, Saruda Tiwananthagorn
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JESÚS ALONSO PANTI-MAY, ANYELA JACKELIN CHAN-CASANOVA, ELSY CANCHE-POOL, RAÚL TELLO-MARTÍN, HUGO RUIZ-PIÑA, HENRY CONCHA-GUILLERMO, OSCAR RETANA-GUIASCÓN, PEDRO PABLO MARTÍNEZ VEGA, JUAN CHABLÉ-SANTOS, ERENDIRA ESTRELLA-MARTÍNEZ, WILSON ISAIAS MOGUEL-CHIN
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Survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in central Nepal
Roshan Babu Adhikari, Madhuri Adhikari Dhakal, Purna Bahadur Ale, Ganga Ram Regmi, Tirth Raj Ghimire
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(2): 559. CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the global status of Platynosomum sp. (Trematoda – Dicrocoelidae) infecting domestic cats (Felis catus)
Welitânia Inácia Silva, Thais Ferreira Feitosa, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
Veterinary Parasitology.2023; 322: 110031. CrossRef
Antigenic components, identification, and characterization of whole worm extract of Platynosomum illiciens
Shin Moe Aoke, Amaya Watthanadirek, Napassorn Poolsawat, Nitipon Srionrod, Pornpiroon Nooroong, Sutthida Minsakorn, Sitthichok Lacharoje, Woraporn Sukhumavasi, Panat Anuracpreeda
Veterinary Parasitology.2022; 310: 109774. CrossRef
Hepatic trematode Platynosomum sp. (Dicrocoeliidae) from a domestic cat in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Case report and molecular identification
Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Asha Erandhi Ranaraja, Thilini Anupama Nanayakkarawasam Mahakapuge, Dulari Samanthika Thilakarathne, Juliyabaduge Yushika Chamodi Dharmasuriya, Rajapakse Peramune Veddikkarage Jayanthe Rajapakse
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2022; 34: 100762. CrossRef
A first attempt at determining the antibody-specific pattern of Platynosomum fastosum crude antigen and identification of immunoreactive proteins for immunodiagnosis of feline platynosomiasis
Babi Kyi Soe, Poom Adisakwattana, Onrapak Reamtong, Panat Anuracpreeda, Woraporn Sukhumavasi
Veterinary World.2022; : 2029. CrossRef
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Rayane Christine Pereira de Assis, Diefrey Ribeiro Campos, Debora Azevedo Borges, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Julia Aline Santos de Mello Pereira, Carlos Alexandre Rey Matias, Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes, Douglas McIntosh, Fabio Barbour Scott
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Clinical pathological findings of a cat with chronic cholangitis
A. A. Ikhwan-Saufi, R. Ahmad-Rasul, H. X. Liew, M. Y. Lim, T. Adeline, R. Nuhanim, M. Daarulmuqaamah, A. Amlizawaty, M. Maizatul-Akmal, J. Johaimi, A. Rasedee, M. I. Mahiza, A. A. Azlina, H. Hazilawati
Comparative Clinical Pathology.2020; 29(1): 17. CrossRef
DNA sequences confirm low specificity to definitive host and wide distribution of the cat pathogen Platynosomum illiciens (= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)
Hudson A. Pinto, Eduardo A. Pulido-Murillo, Roberta R. Braga, Vitor L. T. Mati, Alan L. Melo, Vasyl V. Tkach
Parasitology Research.2018; 117(6): 1975. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Mass Death of Predatory Carp, Chanodichthys erythropterus, Induced by Plerocercoid Larvae of Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Soo Gun Jung, Koo Hwan Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):363-368.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.363

Abstract
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We describe here the mass death of predatory carp, Chanodichthys erythropterus, in Korea induced by plerocercoid larvae of Ligula intestinalis as a result of host manipulation. The carcasses of fish with ligulid larvae were first found in the river-edge areas of Chilgok-bo in Nakdong-gang (River), Korea at early February 2016. This ecological phenomena also occurred in the adjacent areas of 3 dams of Nakdong-gang, i.e., Gangjeong-bo, Dalseong-bo, and Hapcheon-Changnyeong-bo. Total 1,173 fish carcasses were collected from the 4 regions. To examine the cause of death, we captured 10 wondering carp in the river-edge areas of Hapcheon-Changnyeong-bo with a landing net. They were 24.0-28.5 cm in length and 147-257 g in weight, and had 2-11 plerocercoid larvae in the abdominal cavity. Their digestive organs were slender and empty, and reproductive organs were not observed at all. The plerocercoid larvae occupied almost all spaces of the abdominal cavity under the air bladders. The proportion of larvae per fish was 14.6-32.1% of body weight. The larvae were ivory-white, 21.5-63.0 cm long, and 6.0-13.8 g in weight. We suggest that the preference for the river-edge in infected fish during winter is a modified behavioral response by host manipulation of the tapeworm larvae. The life cycle of this tapeworm seems to be successfully continued as the infected fish can be easily eaten by avian definitive hosts.

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De Novo transcriptome assembly of Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1790 (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) plerocercoids and their host, the common bream Abramis Brama L. (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae): model for studying host-parasite interactions
Albina Tsekova, Polina Drozdova, Irina Sukhovskaya, Daria Lebedeva, Liudmila Lysenko, Nadezhda Kantserova
Molecular Biology Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of parasitic infection on microplastic ingestion in a native leuciscid hybrid species (Alburnus derjugini x Squalius orientalis) from Kürtün Dam Lake, Türkiye
Mert Minaz, Zeynep Zehra Ipek, Esra Bayçelebi, Munevver Oral, Tanju Mutlu, Baris Karsli, Sevki Kayis
Chemosphere.2024; 363: 142978. CrossRef
Destabilization Processes in the Hemopoietic Organs of Goldfish as a Consequence of the Survival Strategy of Cestode Ligula (Digramma) interrupta (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea)
O. E. Mazur, I. A. Kutyrev, Zh. N. Dugarov
Inland Water Biology.2022; 15(4): 476. CrossRef
Impact of Endocrine Disruption on Host-Parasite Interaction: A Digest from a Cosmopolitan Cestode Model Ligula intestinalis
Roshmi Biswas, Anirban Ash
Proceedings of the Zoological Society.2021; 74(4): 523. CrossRef
Comparative mitogenomics supports synonymy of the genera Ligula and Digramma (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae)
Wen X. Li, Pei P. Fu, Dong Zhang, Kellyanne Boyce, Bing W. Xi, Hong Zou, Ming Li, Shan G. Wu, Gui T. Wang
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Identification of Cestoda Isolated from Erythroculter erythropterus
Aram HEO, Nam-Sil LEE, KwangIl KIM, Na Young KIM, Sung-Hee JUNG, Myoung Sug KIM
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2018; 30(6): 1978. CrossRef
Infection status with plerocercoid of ligulid tapeworm in cyprinid fish from three lakes in Republic of Korea
H. B. Song, G. M. Park
Helminthologia.2018; 55(3): 251. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Enteric Protozoan Oocysts with Special Reference to Sarcocystis cruzi among Fecal Samples of Diarrheic Immunodeficient Patients in Iran: Mahmoud Agholi, Shahrbanou Naderi Shahabadi, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Gholam Reza Hatam; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):339-344.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.339

Abstract
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The genus Sarcocystis is not usually considered as an important enteric pathogen in immune compromised patients. It might be expected that species for which humans are the final host (Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis as well as possibly others) would be encountered increasingly often in immunodeficient persons. This study aimed to address how to detect and differentiate Sarcocystis oocysts and/or sporocysts from enteric protozoans in the diarrheal samples of immunodeficient patients in Shiraz, Iran. Diarrheal samples of 741 immunodeficient patients with recurrent persistent or chronic diarrhea were examined by microscopy and molecular biological analysis. Oocysts-positive samples were 68 Cryptosporidium spp., 9 Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli), 2 Cyclospora cayetanensis, and 15 microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Sarcocystis-like sporocysts found from a woman were identified as Sarcocystis cruzi through 18S rDNA amplification and phylogenetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. cruzi from a human.

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Maxime Moniot, Patricia Combes, Damien Costa, Nicolas Argy, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Thomas Nicol, Céline Nourrisson, Philippe Poirier
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Leila Morabi, Shahrokh Ezzatzadegan Jahromi, Mojtaba Shafiekhani, Saeed Shahabi, Hamed Nikoupour Dailami, Siavash Gholami, Bahador Sarkari
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S. N. Hussein, M. S. Shukur, A. A. Ibrahim
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Farzad Mahdavi, Ali Pouryousef, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Kambiz Karimi, Asma Mousivand, Farajolah Maleki, Ali Asghari, Mina Mamizadeh
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Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Matthew Chung Yi Koh, Shi Ni Tan, Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Kewin Tien Ho Siah
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(9): 1760. CrossRef
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Saba Ramezanzadeh, Gholamreza Barzegar, Hamid Owaysee Osquee, Majid Pirestani, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Maryam Hajizadeh, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira, Mahmoud Agholi, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Ehsan Ahmadpour
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Saba Ramezanzadeh, Golam Reza Barzegar, Hamid Oveisi Oskouei, Majid Pirestani, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Farzaneh Jafarian, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
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Saba Ramezanzadeh, Apostolos Beloukas, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Mohammad Taghi Rahimi, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Ehsan Ahmadpour
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Shadan Hassan Abdullah
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Mahmoodreza Behravan, Mustapha Ahmed Yusuf, Rahmat Solgi, Ali Haghighi
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Martin Blohm, Andreas Hahn, Ralf Matthias Hagen, Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt, Holger Rohde, Gérard Leboulle, Torsten Feldt, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Veronica Di Cristanziano, Hagen Frickmann, Ulrike Loderstädt
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S. Rubiola, T. Civera, E. Ferroglio, S. Zanet, T. Zaccaria, S. Brossa, R. Cipriani, F. Chiesa
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2020; 18: e00074. CrossRef
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Davood Anvari, Elahe Narouei, Mona Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Ahmad Daryani, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Shirzad Gholami, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Dariush Sargazi, Reza Saberi, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
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J. P. Dubey, S. Almeria
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Kálmán Imre, Gheorghe Dărăbuș, Emil Tîrziu, Sorin Morariu, Mirela Imre, Judit Plutzer, Marius V. Boldea, Adriana Morar
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Asmaa M. El-kady, Nermean M. Hussein, Amal A. Hassan
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Seobo Sim, Jua Won, Jae-Whan Kim, Kyungjin Kim, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu
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Mahmoud Rahdar, Tahereh Kardooni
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Mahmoud Agholi, Zahra Taghadosi, Davood Mehrabani, Farzaneh Zahabiun, Zahra Sharafi, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Gholam Reza Hatam, Shahrbanou Naderi Shahabadi
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(12): 4527. CrossRef

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Plerocercoids of Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Tentacularidae) in Squids, Todarodes pacificus, from East Sea, the Republic of Korea: Joon Yup Lee, Ji Woon Kim, Gab Man Park; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):221-224.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.221

Abstract
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A visceral helminth of the squid, Todarodes pacificus, is reported from the East Sea, the Republic of Korea. Total 39 squid samples were purchased from a fish market in Jumunjin-eup, Gangneung-si (City) from August 2014 to July 2015 and were examined for helminth parasites with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope after opening the abdominal cavity with a pair of scissors. Whitish larval worms were mainly found in the stomach and abdominal cavity of the squid. They were detected in 25 (64.1%) out of 39 squids examined, and the infection density was 7 larvae per infected squid. Spatula-shaped larvae were 8.2×2.0 mm in average size, round to slightly flattened anteriorly, with round hatching posteriorly, and had characteristic 4 tentacles with numerous hooklets in the scolex. The larvae were identified as the plerocercoid stage of Nybelinia surmenicola by their morphological features. This finding represents a new host record and the first report of N. surmenicola infection in T. pacificus squids from the east coast of Korea.

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Saleh Al Quraishy, Mohamed Abdel Monem Dkhil, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Esam Al-Shaebi, Ahmad Abu Jaffal, Kareem Morsy
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Original Article

Genetic Identification of Spirometra decipiens Plerocercoids in Terrestrial Snakes from Korea and China: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Woon- Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):181-185.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.181

Abstract
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Human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with larval forms (procercoid/plerocercoid) of Spirometra spp. The purpose of this study was to identify Spirometra spp. of infected snakes using a multiplex PCR assay and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the spargana of terrestrial snakes obtained from Korea and China. A total of 283 snakes were obtained that included 4 species of Colubridae comprising Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus (n=150), Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum (n=64), Elaphe davidi (n=2), and Elaphe schrenkii (n=7), and 1 species of Viperidae, Agkistrodon saxatilis (n=60). The snakes were collected from the provinces of Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk in Korea (n=161), and from China (n=122). The overall infection rate with spargana was 83% (235/283). The highest was recorded for D. rufozonatum rufozonatum (100%), followed by A. saxatilis (85%) and R. tigrinus tigrinus (80%), with a negative result for E. davidi (0%) and E. schrenkii (0%). The sequence identities between the spargana from snakes (n=50) and Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) or S. decipiens (KJ599679) control specimens were 90.8% and 99.2%, respectively. Pairwise genetic distances between spargana (n=50) and S. decipiens ranged from 0.0080 to 0.0107, while those between spargana and S. erinaceieuropaei ranged from 0.1070 to 0.1096. In this study, all of the 904 spargana analyzed were identified as S. decipiens either by a multiplex PCR assay (n=854) or mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis (n=50).

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Brief Communication

Infections of Larval Stages of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in Brown Garden Snail, Helix aspersa, in Turkey: Mustafa K?se, Mustafa Eser, K?r?at Kartal, Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):647-651.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.647

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of larval stages of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in the first intermediate host, a species of land snail, Helix aspersa, in Turkey. A total of 211 snails were collected in April-May 2014 from pastures in Mersin District. Larval stages of D. dendriticum were identified under a light microscope. Hepatopancreas from naturally infected H. aspersa snails were examined histologically. The prevalence of larval stages of D. dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in H. aspersa snails was found to be 2.4% and 1.9%, respectively, in Mersin, Turkey. Cercariae were not matured in sporocysts at the beginning of April; however, it was observed that cercariae matured and started to leave sporocysts by early-May. Thus, it was concluded that H. aspersa acts as an intermediate host to D. dendriticumin and Brachylaima sp. in Mersin, Turkey. A digenean trematode Brachylaima sp. was seen for the first time in Turkey.

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Original Articles

Infection Status of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Vientiane Municipality and Champasak Province in Lao PDR: Keeseon S. Eom, Han-Sol Park, Dongmin Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):447-453.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.447

Abstract
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The infection status of fishborne zoonotic trematode (FZT) metacercariae was investigated in fishes from 2 localities of Lao PDR. Total 157 freshwater fishes (17 species) were collected in local markets of Vientiane Municipality and Champasak Province in December 2010 and July 2011, and each fish was examined by the artificial digestion method. Total 6 species of FZT metacercariae, i.e., Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Haplorchis pumilio, Centrocestus formosanus, and Procerovum varium, were detected in fishes from Vientiane Municipality. The metacercariae of O. viverrini were detected in 50 (49.5%) out of 101 fishes (6 species), and their average number was 154 per fish infected. The remaining 5 species of heterophyid metacercariae were detected in 36.8%, 65.8%, 9.4%, 23.9%, and 5.1% fishes examined, and their average densities were 12, 1,038, 4, 15, and 13 per infected fish, respectively. In fishes from Champasak Province, 3 species of FZT metacercariae, i.e., O. viverrini, H. taichui, and H. yokogawai, were detected. Only 2 O. viverrini metacercariae were found in only 1 Barbonymus schwanefeldi. The metacercariae of H. taichui and H. yokogawai were detected in 60.0% and 50.0% of fishes examined, and their average densities were 47 and 28 per fish infected. By the present study, it has been confirmed that several species of FZT metacercariae are prevalent in fishes from Vientiane Municipality, with P. varium being a new member of FZT in Lao PDR. In comparison, FZT metacercariae are less prevalent in fishes from Champasak Province.

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Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bounlay Phommasack
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Ju Yeong Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Keeseon S. Eom, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jae Hoon Lim, Dongil Choi, Sithat Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay
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Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Non-Human Primates in Qinling Mountains: Shuai-Zhi Du, Guang-Hui Zhao, Jun-Feng Shao, Yan-Qin Fang, Ge-Ru Tian, Long-Xian Zhang, Rong-Jun Wang, Hai-Yan Wang, Meng Qi, San-Ke Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):395-402.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.395

Abstract
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Non-human primates (NHPs) are confirmed as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. In this study, 197 fresh fecal samples from 8 NHP species in Qinling Mountains, northwestern China, were collected and examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The results showed that 35 (17.8%) samples were positive for tested parasites, including Cryptosporidium spp. (3.0%), G. intestinalis (2.0%), and E. bieneusi (12.7%). Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 6 fecal samples of Macaca mulatta, and were identified as C. parvum (n=1) and C. andersoni (n=5). Subtyping analysis showed Cryptosporidium spp. belonged to the C. andersoni MLST subtype (A4, A4, A4, and A1) and C. parvum 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) subtype IId A15G2R1. G. intestinalis assemblage E was detected in 3 M. mulatta and 1 Saimiri sciureus. Intra-variations were observed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 3, 1, and 2 new subtypes found in respective locus. E. bieneusi was found in Cercopithecus neglectus (25.0%), Papio hamadrayas (16.7%), M. mulatta (16.3%), S. sciureus (10%), and Rhinopithecus roxellana (9.5%), with 5 ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes: 2 known genotypes (D and BEB6) and 3 novel genotypes (MH, XH, and BSH). These findings indicated the presence of zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in NHPs in Qinling Mountains. This is the first report of C. andersoni in NHPs. The present study provided basic information for control of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis in human and animals in this area.

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Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Water Systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Republic of Korea: Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee, Seung-Bong Choi, Won-Seok Seok; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):289-298.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.289

Abstract
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The infection status of freshwater fish with digenetic trematode metacercariae was examined in water systems of Hantangang and Imjingang (River), the Republic of Korea. A total of 877 (594 from Hantangang and 283 from Imjingang) fishes were examined by the artificial digestion methods. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 7 (1.2%) fishes (in 3 spp.) from Hantangang in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, and 40 (14.1%) fishes (in 7 spp.) from Munsancheon in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. The average densities were 1.9 and 35.6 per fish infected, respectively. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were detected in 312 (52.5%) and 113 (39.9%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average densities were 47.5 and 9.6 per fish infected, respectively. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were found in 161 (27.1%) and 70 (24.7%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average number per fish infected was 694 and 82, respectively. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were detected in 50 (8.4%) and 94 (33.2%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average densities were 9.6 and 23.1 per fish infected, respectively. The infection status of fishes with metacercariae of Stephanoprora spp., Diplostomum spp., Clinostomum complanatum, Metorchis orientalis, and Metorchis taiwanensis were analyzed by surveyed regions. Conclusively, it was confirmed that C. sinensis metacercariae were quite commonly detected in fishes from Munsancheon but rarely from other localities, whereas the metacercariae of other digenetic trematodes were relatively prevalent in fishes from water systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Korea.

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Prevalence of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Gangwon-do, Korea: Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Won-Seok Seok, Taejoon Lee, Kyungjin Jeong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):399-412.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.399

Abstract
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The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae was investigated in a total of 2,293 freshwater fish collected from 11 rivers or streams in 9 administrative regions of Gangwon-do, Korea for 5 years (2009-2013). All fish were collected by netting methods and examined using the artificial digestion methods. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 4 fish species, i.e., Pungtungia herzi, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, and Ladislabia taczanowskii, from only Hantangang in Cheorwon-gun. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 1,154 (50.3%) fish and their average number per infected fish was 55.8. Among the positive fish species, especially Tribolodon hakonensis from Namdaecheon in Yangyang-gun and Plecoglossus altivelis from Osipcheon in Samcheok-si were most heavily infected. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 611 (26.7%) fish and the average metacercarial burden per infected fish was 1,032. Two chub species, Zacco platypus and Zacco temminckii were highly and heavily infected with C. armatus metacercariae in almost all regions surveyed. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were also found in 24 fish from a few localities, but their numbers per fish infected were very low. From the above results, it is confirmed that the metacercariae of intestinal flukes, especially Metagonimus spp. and C. armatus, were heavily infected, while C. sinensis metacercariae were rarely found in fish from Gangwon-do, Korea.

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Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Water Systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Republic of Korea
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Brief Communications

Effects of Different Sizes of Glass Beads on the Release of Sporocysts from Eimeria tenella Oocysts: Myung-Jo You; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):317-319.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.317

Abstract
PDF

The oocyst wall is severed by means of mechanical injury or chemical agents. This study reports the percentage of in vitro sporocyst release following mechanical shaking in the presence of varying sizes of glass beads. Glass beads measured 0.5, 1, and 3 mm in diameter and were shaken with the oocysts for different times ranging from 5 sec to 5 min. Approximately 80% of sporocysts were released with 5 min of shaking in the presence of 3 mm glass beads, as well as 30 sec with 0.5 mm beads and 1 mm glass beads. The release of sporocysts of E. tenella was most efficient using 1 mm glass beads and treatment times of 30 sec to 1 min. Therefore, the use of 1 mm glass beads with 30 sec to 1 min of agitation is recommended in order to maximize sporocyst release and recovery and to improve the yield of viable sporozoites for use in biochemical, tissue culture, and immunological applications of coccidia.

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Poultry Science.2025; 104(3): 104810. CrossRef
Multicenter comparative study of Enterocytozoon bieneusi DNA extraction methods from stool samples, and mechanical pretreatment protocols evaluation
Céline Nourrisson, Maxime Moniot, Maxime Tressol, Céline Lambert, Emilie Fréalle, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Damien Costa, Louise Basmaciyan, Philippe Poirier
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Hongbo CHEN, Yindi DAI, Jiyu LIU, Lianmao DUAN, Juan HU, Shaohui SUN, Guangshan ZHU, Xiaoping MA, Jin WAN, Nini MA, Xiao ZHANG, Cong WANG, Ningning ZHAO
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Statistical Prediction of the Peak Point (Time) Required for Release of Maximum Number of Sporocysts after Eimeria Tenella Oocyst Excystation
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Effect of different floatation solutions on E. tenella oocyst purification and optimization of centrifugation conditions for improved recovery of oocysts and sporocysts
Nanshan Qi, Shenquan Liao, Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid, Juan Li, Caiyan Wu, Minna Lv, Xuhui Lin, Junjing Hu, Wenwan Xiao, Mingfei Sun, Guoqing Li
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In Vitro Trypanocidal Activity of Macela (Achyrocline satureioides) Extracts against Trypanosoma evansi: Matheus D. Baldissera, Camila B. Oliveira, Carine E. P. Zimmermann, Aline A. Boligon, Margareth Linde Athayde, Leandro P. Bolzan, Rodrigo de A. Vaucher, Janio M. Santurio, Michele R. Sagrillo, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva, Silvia G. Monteiro; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):311-315.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.311

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro. A. satureioides extracts, known as macela, were used on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 ?g/ml) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 hr). A dose-dependent effect was observed when the 3 extracts were tested. The concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ?g/ml were not able to kill trypomastigotes until 3 hr after exposure, and the highest concentrations (500 and 1,000 ?g/ml) were able to kill all trypomastigotes after 1 hr. When the time of exposure was increased up to 9 hr, the concentrations at 50 and 100 ?g/ml were 100% effective to 3 extracts. The chemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, a trypanocidal compound already described. Based on the results, we can conclude that the A. satureioides extracts exhibit trypanocidal effects.

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Camila S. Ritter, Matheus D. Baldissera, Thirssa H. Grando, Carine F. Souza, Michele R. Sagrillo, Ana Paula T. da Silva, Rafael N. Moresco, Naiara S. Guarda, Aleksandro S. da Silva, Lenita M. Stefani, Silvia G. Monteiro
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Case Report

Intramuscular Sparganosis in the Gastrocnemius Muscle: A Case Report: Jeung Il Kim, Tae Wan Kim, Sung Min Hong, Tae Yong Moon, In Sook Lee, Kyung Un Choi, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):69-73.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.69

Abstract
PDF

Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the plerocercoid tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra. Although the destination of the larva is often a tissue or muscle in the chest, abdominal wall, extremities, eyes, brain, urinary tract, spinal canal, and scrotum, intramuscular sparganosis is uncommon and therefore is difficult to distinguish from a soft tissue tumor. We report a case of intramuscular sparganosis involving the gastrocnemius muscle in an elderly patient who was diagnosed using ultrasonography and MRI and treated by surgical excision. At approximately 1 cm near the schwannoma at the right distal sciatic nerve, several spargana worms were detected and removed.

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Soung Min Kim, Emmanuel Kofi Amponsah, Mi Young Eo, Yun Ju Cho, Suk Keun Lee
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Multifocal Sparganosis Mimicking Lymphoma Involvement: Multimodal Imaging Findings of Ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography
So Young Heo, Ji Yeon Park, Noh Hyuck Park, Chan Sub Park, Taejung Kwon, Seong Yoon Yi, Hyun Jung Jun
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2016; 74(1): 55. CrossRef
Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis
Quan Liu, Ming-Wei Li, Ze-Dong Wang, Guang-Hui Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2015; 15(10): 1226. CrossRef

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Original Article

Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Phnom Penh and Pursat, Cambodia: Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Cheong-Ha Yoon, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Duong Socheat; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):35-40.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.35

Abstract
PDF

A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of freshwater fish with zoonotic trematode metacercariae in Phnom Penh and Pursat Province, Cambodia. All collected fish with ice were transferred to our laboratory and examined using the artificial digestion method. In fish from Phnom Penh, 2 kinds of metacercariae (Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis yokogawai) were detected. O. viverrini metacercariae were positive in 37 (50.0%) of 74 fish in 11 species (average no. metacercariae/fish, 18.6). H. yokogawai metacercariae were detected in 23 (57.5%) of 40 fish in 5 species (average no. metacercariae/fish, 21.0). In fish from Pursat Province, 5 kinds of metacercariae (O. viverrini, H. yokogawai, Haplorchis pumilio, Centrocestus formosanus, and Procerovum sp.) were detected; O. viverrini metacercariae (n=3) in 2 fish species (Henicorhynchus lineatus and Puntioplites falcifer), H. yokogawai metacercariae (n=51) in 1 species (P. falcifer), H. pumilio metacercariae (n=476) in 2 species (H. lineatus and Pristolepis fasciata), C. formosanus metacercariae (n=1) in 1 species (H. lineatus), and Procerovum sp. metacercariae (n=63) in 1 species (Anabas testudineus). From the above results, it has been confirmed that various freshwater fish play the role of a second intermediate host for zoonotic trematodes (O. viverrini, H. yokogawai, H. pumilio, C. formosanus, and Procerovum sp.) in Cambodia.

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Brief Communication

Human Neurocysticercosis Case and an Endemic Focus of Taenia solium in Lao PDR: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):599-602.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.599

Abstract
PDF

A male patient with neurocysticercosis was identified in Montai Village, Xay District, Oudomxay Province, Lao PDR in February 2004. He had a history of diagnosis for neurocysticercosis by a CT scan in Thailand after an onset of epileptic seizure in 1993. A pig in the same district was found to contain Taenia solium metacestodes (=cysticerci); the slaughtered pig body contained more than 2,000 cysticerci. In addition to morphological identification, molecular identification was also performed on the cysticerci by DNA sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene; they were confirmed as T. solium metacestodes. The patient is regarded as an indigenous case of neurocysticercosis infected in an endemic focus of T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Oudomxay Province, Lao PDR.

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The challenges of detecting Taenia solium and neurocysticercosis in low and middle‐income countries: A scoping review of Lao People's Democratic Republic
Andrew Larkins, Sarah Keatley, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Rattanaxay Phetsouvanh, Mieghan Bruce, Amanda Ash
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Original Articles

Hyperendemicity of Haplorchis taichui Infection among Riparian People in Saravane and Champasak Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tae-Yun Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Lay Sisabath, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):305-311.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.305

Abstract
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In this study, we found that Haplorchis taichui, a heterophyid intestinal fluke, is highly prevalent, with heavy worm loads, among riparian people in Saravane and Champasak province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 1,460 people (717 men and 743 women) in 12 riparian (Mekong river) districts and were examined by the Kato-Katz fecal smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 78.8% and 66.4% in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively. The positive rate for small trematode eggs (STE), which included H. taichui and other heterophyids, Opisthorchis viverrini, and lecithodendriids, was 69.9% and 46.3% in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively. To obtain adult flukes, 30 STE-positive people were treated with 40 mg/kg praziquantel and then purged. Whole diarrheic stools were collected 4-5 times for each person and searched for fluke specimens using a stereomicroscope. Mixed infections with various species of trematodes (H. taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, O. viverrini, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Centrocestus formosanus, and Echinochasmus japonicus) and a species of cestode (Taenia saginata) were found. However, the worm load was exceptionally high for H. taichui compared with other trematode species, with an average of 21,565 and 12,079 specimens per infected person in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively, followed by H. pumilio (41.9 and 22.5, respectively) and O. viverrini (9.4 and 1.5, respectively). These results show that diverse species of intestinal and liver flukes are prevalent among riparian people in Saravane and Champasak province, Lao PDR, with H. taichui being the exceptionally dominant species.

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Trematodes Recovered in the Small Intestine of Stray Cats in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Young Yil Bahk, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):99-106.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.99

Abstract
PDF

In 2005, we reported the infection status of 438 stray cats with various species of intestinal helminths, including nematodes (4 species), trematodes (23 species), and cestodes (5 species) in the Republic of Korea. However, morphologic details of each helminth species have not been provided. In the present study, we intended to describe morphologic details of 13 trematode species which were either new fauna of cats (10 species) or new fauna of not only cats but also all animal hosts (3 species). The worms were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin under a cover slip pressure, stained with Semichon's acetocarmine, and then observed using a light microscope equipped with a micrometer. The 13 subjected species included members of the Heterophyidae (Stellantchasmus falcatus, Stictodora fuscata, Stictodora lari, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, and Cryptocotyle concava), Echinostomatidae (Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma revolutum, Echinochasmus japonicus, and Stephanoprora sp.), Diplostomidae (Neodiplostomum seoulense), Plagiorchiidae (Plagiorchis muris), and Dicrocoeliidae (Eurytrema pancreaticum). By the present study, Cryptocotyle sp. and Neodiplostomum sp. recored in our previous study were identified as C. concava and N. seoulense, respectively. Three species, P. varium, C. concava, and Stephanoprora sp., are new trematode fauna in Korea.

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Case Report

A Case of Anisakidosis Caused by Pseudoterranova decipiens Larva: Hak Kyun Na, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun Kyoung Lee, Soung Min Jeon; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):115-117.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.115

Abstract
PDF

Pseudoterranova decipiens larva is a rare cause of anisakiasis. Indeed, prior to the present study, there had been only 12 reports of larval P. decipiens infection in the Republic of Korea. In June 2011, an anisakid larva, 32.1 mm in length and 0.88 mm in width, and finally identified as the third stage larva of P. decipiens owing to the presence of an intestinal cecum but lacking ventricular appendage, was discovered in a 61-year-old woman during the course of endoscopy executed as a part of routine physical examinations. The patient had eaten raw a rockfish 13 hr prior to the endoscopy, but showed no symptoms of anisakiasis. This paper is the 13th report of P. decipiens infection in Korea.

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Original Articles

Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae in Luang Prabang, Khammouane, and Saravane Province, Lao PDR: Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Soon-Hyung Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Sithat Insisiengmay; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):107-114.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.107

Abstract
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Fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae were investigated in fish from 3 Provinces of Lao PDR. Total 242 freshwater fish of 40 species were collected in local markets of Luang Prabang (59 fish of 16 species), Khammouane (81 fish of 19 species), and Saravane (97 fish of 14 species), and each of them was examined by artificial digestion method. Four species of metacercariae (Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Centrocestus formosanus) were detected. O. viverrini was detected in 35 fish (14.5%), and their density was 252 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 88 metacercariae in 5 fish; Khammouane, 187 in 6 fish; Saravane, 303 in 24 fish). H. taichui was found in 102 fish (42.1%), and their density was 485 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 260 metacercariae in 38 fish; Khammouane, 1,084 in 23 fish; Saravane, 359 in 41 fish). H. yokogawai was detected in 92 fish (38.0%), and their density was 222 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 362 metacercariae in 17 fish; Khammouane, 126 in 20 fish; Saravane, 214 in 55 fish). Metacercariae of C. formosanus were found in 8 fish (3.3%), and their density was 3 per infected fish. In the present study, it has been confirmed that FBT metacercariae, in particular, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, and O. viverrini, are highly prevalent in fish from Luang Prabang, Khammouane, and Saravane Province, Lao PDR.

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Infection status with zoonotic trematode metacercariae in fish from Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bounlay Phommasack
Acta Tropica.2019; 199: 105100. CrossRef
Ultrasonographic investigation of cholangiocarcinoma in Lao PDR
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Thapana Chontananarth, Sothorn Anucherngchai, Thanawan Tejangkura
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D. Krailas, N. Veeravechsukij, C. Chuanprasit, D. Boonmekam, S. Namchote
Acta Tropica.2016; 156: 79. CrossRef
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Kulthida Kopolrat, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Nadda Kiatsopit, Opal Pitaksakulrat, Smarn Tesana, Ross H. Andrews, Trevor N. Petney
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Tai-Soon Yong, Hee Jung Yoon, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Duk-Young Min, Keeseon Eom, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Han-Jong Rim, Bounlay Phommasack, Moran Ki
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Foodborne Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Northern Vietnam and Their Adults Recovered from Experimental Hamsters
Jong-Yil Chai, Nguyen Van De, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(4): 317. CrossRef

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Foodborne Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Northern Vietnam and Their Adults Recovered from Experimental Hamsters: Jong-Yil Chai, Nguyen Van De, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):317-325.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.317

Abstract
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The prevalence of foodborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae was investigated in fish from 2 localities of northern Vietnam in 2004-2005. Freshwater fish (9 species) were collected from local markets in Hanoi City (n=76) and Nam Dinh Province (n=79), and were examined for FBT metacercariae using the artificial digestion technique. Adult flukes were obtained from hamsters experimentally infected with the metacercariae at day 8 post-infection. Three (Haplorchis pumilio, Centrocestus formosanus, and Procerovum varium) and 6 (Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, C. formosanus, P. varium, Stellantchasmus falcatus, and Heterophyopsis continua) species of FBT metacercariae were detected in the 2 regions, respectively. Overall, among the positive fish species, H. pumilio metacercariae were detected in 104 (80.0%) of 130 fish examined (metacercarial density per infected fish; 64.2). C. formosanus metacercariae were found in 37 (40.2%) of 92 fish (metacercarial density; 14.7). P. varium metacercariae were detected in 19 (63.3%) of 30 fish (Anabas testudineus and Mugil cephalus) (metacercarial density; 247.7). S. falcatus metacercariae were found in all 10 M. cephalus examined (metacercarial density; 84.4). H. continua metacercariae (2 in number) were detected in 1 fish of Coilia lindmani. Morphologic characteristics of the FBT metacercariae and their experimentally obtained adults were described. The results have demonstrated that various FBT species are prevalent in northen parts of Vietnam.

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Infection status with zoonotic trematode metacercariae in fish from Lao PDR
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Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Bok Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin
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Case Report

Concurrent Capillaria and Heterakis Infections in Zoo Rock Partridges, Alectoris graeca: Sang-Ik Park, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):253-257.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.253

Abstract
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Two adult rock partridges raised in a city zoo were examined parasitologically and pathologically. Two distinctive eggs resembling those of Capillaria and Heterakis were detected in the feces. At necropsy, a markedly-dilated duodenum with severe catarrhal exudates, containing adult worms of Capillaria sp. and Heterakis sp. in the cecum, was observed. Male Capillaria had the cloacal aperture extended almost terminally with a small bursal lobe and an unsheathed spicule with transverse folds without spines. Female Capillaria had a vulva that was slightly prominent and slightly posterior to the union of the esophagus and intestine. The esophagus of the adult Capillaria was more than a half as long as the body in the male, but was much shorter in the female. Based on these morphological features, the capillarid nematode was identified as Capillaria obsignata. The male adult worms of Heterakis was identifiable by 2 dissimilar spicules, a unique morphological feature where the right spicule was considerably longer than the left, which is also a characteristic feature of Heterakis gallinarum. This is the first report of concurrent infections with C. obsignata and H. gallinarium in rock partridges.

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Original Articles

Serosurveillance of Scrub Typhus in Small Mammals Collected from Military Training Sites near the DMZ, Northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and Analysis of the Relative Abundance of Chiggers from Mammals Examined: Heung Chul Kim, In Yong Lee, Sung Tae Chong, Allen L. Richards, Se Hun Gu, Jin-Won Song, John S. Lee, Terry A. Klein; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):237-243.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.237

Abstract
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Comprehensive quarterly serosurveillance on scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites located near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), northern Gyeonggi-do (Province), ROK was conducted to determine the potential rodent-borne and associated ectoparasite disease risks to military personnel. A total of 1,196 rodents and insectivores representing 8 species, Apodemus agrarius (87.3%, n = 1,044), Mus musculus (5.4%, n = 65), Crocidura lasiura (3.3%, n = 40), Microtus fortis (2.6%, n = 31), Micromys minutus (0.3%, n = 4), Tscherskia triton (0.3%, n = 4), Rattus norvegicus (0.3%, n = 4), and Myodes regulus (0.3%, n = 4) were assayed for the presence of antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi. O. tsutsugamushi antibodies were detected in 6 of 8 species and seroprevalence determined; A. agrarius (45.6%), M. musculus (23.1%), M. fortis (48.4%), M. minutus (50.0%), T. triton (50.0%), and R. norvegicus (25.0%). A total of 31,184 chigger mites collected from 508 rodents and insectivores were slide-mounted and 10 species belonging to 4 genera were identified. Leptotrombidium pallidum (53.4%) was the most frequently collected, followed by L. palpale (15.7%), Neotrombicula tamiyai (14.3%), L. orientale (10.7%), L. zetum (3.1%), Walchia fragilis (2.1%), and L. gemiticulum (0.8%), while the remaining 3 species, L. subintermedium, N. gardellai, and Euschoengastia koreaensis were rarely observed (prevalence < 10%). In contrast to previous surveys, higher chigger indices of the primary scrub typhus vectors, L. pallidum (165.4), L. orientale (45.0), and L. palpale (21.4), were observed during the spring season.

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Possible Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Prostaglandins in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Malaria: Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction by Prostaglandin D₂ and Metabolite by a Human Astrocyte Cell Line: Jiraporn Kuesap, Kesara Na-Bangchang; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):15-21.
Published online March 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.15

Abstract
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Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system that play roles in maintaining the blood-brain-barrier and in neural injury, including cerebral malaria, a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Prostaglandin (PG) D₂ is abundantly produced in the brain and regulates the sleep response. Moreover, PGD₂ is a potential factor derived from P. falciparum within erythrocytes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is catalyzing enzyme in heme breakdown process to release iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin/bilirubin, and may influence iron supply to the P. falciparum parasites. Here, we showed that treatment of a human astrocyte cell line, CCF-STTG1, with PGD₂ significantly increased the expression levels of HO-1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that PGD₂ treatment increased the level of HO-1 protein, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, PGD₂ may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria by inducing HO-1 expression in malaria patients.

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Brief Communication

Echinostome Infections in the Striped-Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, and the Ussuri White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura lasiura, Caught Near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Hwan Park, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Luck Ju Baek, Jin-Won Song; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):311-314.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.311

Abstract
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A total of 1,498 small mammals (rodents and insectivores), including Apodemus agrarius (n = 1,366), Crocidura lasiura (54), Mus musculus (32), Micronytus fortis (28), Eothenomys regulus (9), Micronys minutes (6), and Cricetulus triton (3), were live-trapped in Gyeonggi-do (Province) (Paju-si, Pocheon-gun, and Yeoncheon-gun) near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) from December 2004 to September 2005. A. agrarius was found to be infected with 3 species of echinostomes (Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and Euparyphium murinum), while C. lasiura was infected with 1 species (Echinochasmus japonicas) of echinostome. Other mammals were free from echinostome infections. Total 16 E. hortense were detected in 7 (0.5%) mice, 9 E. cinetorchis from 5 (0.4%), and 3 E. murinum from 2 (0.1%) out of 1.366 A. agrarius examined. E. japonicus was found only in 1 (1.9%; total 3 specimens) C. lasiura. These results demonstrate that A. agrarius and C. lasiura, inhabiting near the DMZ of Gyeonggi-do serve as the natural definitive hosts for several species of echinostomes, although their infection rates are low. This is the first record of natural infections of A. agrarius with E. cinetorchis and C. lasiura with E. japonicus in the Republic of Korea.

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Original Articles

Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Yichao Yang, Xueming Li; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):249-257.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.249

Abstract
PDF

A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae in freshwater fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A total of 307 freshwater fish of 31 species were collected from 5 administrative regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They were examined by artificial digestion method from July 2003 to August 2004. No metacercariae were detected in fish from Fusui-xian. In fish from Mashan-xian and a market in Nanning, 3 species of metacercariae, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, and Centrocestus formosanus, were mainly detected. Metacercariae (8 in number) of Clonorchis sinensis were found in 1 Chanodichthys dabryi purchased from a market in Nanning. In fish from Yangshuo, Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae were detected from all 18 fish species examined. Total 13 C. sinensis metacercariae were found in 3 out of 10 Hemibarbus maculatus from Yangshuo. All 7 Zacco platypus from Yangshuo were infected with 8-112 Echinochasmus perfoliatus metacercariae. In fish from Binyang-xian, H. pumilo metacercariae were mainly detected in all 5 fish species examined, and only 1 metacercaria of C. sinensis was found in a Hemiculter leucisculus. From the above results, it was confirmed that some species of freshwater fish play a role of second intermediate hosts for FBT in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. In particular, 4 species of intestinal flukes, M. yokogawai, H. taichui, H. pumilio, and C. formosanus, were prevalent in fish hosts, whereas C. sinensis metacercariae were detected only in 3 fish species.

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Lambs Infected with UV-Attenuated Sporocysts of Sarcocystis ovicanis Produced Abnormal Sarcocysts and Induced Protective Immunity against a Challenge Infection: Abdel-Azeem Abdel-Baki, Gamal Allam, Thabet Sakran, El-Mahy El-Malah; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):131-138.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.131

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The present study surveyed the prevalence of natural infection of the sheep esphagus muscle with sarcocysts of Sarcocystis ovicanis and examined induction of protective immunity using UV-attenuated sporocysts. The overall prevalence of natural infection of the sheep was 95%. Infectivity of the collected sarcocysts was confirmed by shedding of sporulated oocysts after feeding infected esophageal tissues to dogs. To induce protective immunity, lambs were immunized 3 times (once a week) with 1.5 × 10⁴ sporocysts exposed to UV-light for 30 min (UV-30 group) or 60 (UV-60 group) min and then challenged with 1.5 × 10⁴ normal sporocysts at the 3rd week post the 1st vaccination. These lambs showed high survival and less clinical signs of sarcocystosis than normal infected lambs. The attenuated sporocysts produced abnormal cysts; small in size and detached from the muscle fiber. These abnormalities were more obvious in UV-60 group than UV-30 group. Also, the IFN-γ level and lymphocyte percentage were increased while the total leukocyte count was decreased in the UV-60 group compared with other groups. The high level of IFN-γ may be an evidence for the induction of Th1 responses which may have protective effect against a challenge infection.

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Samir Djemai, Abdeslam Mekroud, Geoff Hide, Daoudi Khelifi, Inès Bellil
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Experimental Parasitology.2018; 191: 73. CrossRef

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Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae Detected in Freshwater Fish from Vientiane Municipality and Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Soon-Hyung Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Sithat Insisengmay; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):253-260.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.253

Abstract
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Freshwater fish from Vientiane Municipality and Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR were examined by the muscle compression and artificial digestion methods to know the infection status with trematode metacercariae. In the fish from Savannakhet, 2 species of metacercariae, Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis taichui, were detected. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 6 species of fish, Puntius brevis, Hampala dispar, Esomus metallicus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Puntioplites falcifer, and Cyclocheilichthys armatus. H. taichui metacercariae were detected in 3 species of fish, P. brevis, P. falcifer, and M. marginatus. In the fish from Vientiane, 4 species of metacercariae, O. viverrini, H. taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Centrocestus formosanus, were detected. Among them, O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 7 species of fish, Onychostoma elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, P. brevis, Cyclocheilichthys repasson, Osteochilus hasseltii, and Hypsibarbus lagleri. The metacercariae of H. taichui were detected in 6 species of fish, C. repasson, O. elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, Labiobarbus leptocheila, and Cirrhinus molitorella. The metacercariae of H. yokogawai were found in 9 species of fish, C. repasson, O. elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, Labiobarbus leptocheila, O. hasseltii. C. molitorella, Hypsibarbus wetmorei, and H. lagleri. The metacercariae of C. formosanus were detected in 4 species of fish, C. repasson, P. brevis, O. hasseltii, and C. molitorella. From these results, it is confirmed that fishborne trematode metacercariae, i.e. O. viverrini, H. taichui, H. yokogawai and C. formosanus, are prevalent in various species of freshwater fish from Savannakhet Province and Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR.

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Brief Communication

Partial Purification and Characterization of a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor from the Plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei: Young-Bae Chung, Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):183-186.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.183

Abstract
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Helminthic cysteine proteases are well known to play critical roles in tissue invasion, nutrient uptake, and immune evasion of the parasites. In the same manner, the sparganum, the plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni, is also known to secrete a large amount of cysteine proteases. However, cysteine protease inhibitors regulating the proteolytic activities of the cysteine protease are poorly illustrated. In this regard, we partially purified an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor from spargana and characterized its biochemical properties. The cysteine protease inhibitor was purified by sequential chromatographies using Resource Q anion exchanger and Superdex 200 HR gel filtration from crude extracts of spargana. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated to be about 11 kD on SDS-PAGE. It was able to inhibit papain and 27 kDa cysteine protease of spargana with the ratio of 25.7% and 49.1%, respectively, while did not inhibit chymotrypsin. This finding suggests that the cysteine protease inhibitor of spargana may be involved in regulation of endogenous cysteine proteases of the parasite, rather than interact with cysteine proteases from their hosts.

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Original Article

Prevalence of Zoonotic Metacercariae in Two Species of Grouper, Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus bleekeri, and Flathead Mullet, Mugil cephalus, in Vietnam: Dung The Vo, Darwin Murrell, Anders Dalsgaard, Glenn Bristow, Dung Huu Nguyen, Thanh Ngoc Bui, Dung Thi Vo; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):77-82.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.77

Abstract
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Fishborne zoonotic metacercariae have not been reported from brackish water and marine fish from Vietnam waters although these parasites are common in the country's freshwater fish. Both wild-caught and cultured grouper (Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus bleekeri), and mullet (Mugil cephalus) from brackish and marine waters located in Khanh Hoa province in central coastal Vietnam were examined, and found positive for zoonotic trematode metacercariae. From grouper, Heterophyopsis continua and Procerovum varium were recovered. The prevalence of H. continua ranged from 2.0 to 6.0% and that for P. varium ranged from 11.6 to 15.8%. Mullet were infected with Pygidiopsis summa and H. continua; both of these species are new records for Vietnam. The prevalence of P. summa in mullet was generally high, ranging from 17.6 to 75.5%, and was significantly higher than the prevalence of H. continua (2.5 to 32.4%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of metacercariae between grouper from natural or cultured habitats, indicating that the highest risk of infection occurs in the wild-caught state prior to their placement in culture. Further, there was no difference in metacercarial prevalence between the 2 species of grouper. Infected wild-caught seed were only observed from January to October. Monthly variation in prevalence suggests seasonal variation in mullet infections occurs in this region with the highest transmission taking place from October to December. Basic investigations on the ecology and epidemiology of these intestinal flukes need to be carried out to determine their significance as a public health problem and the aspects of their biology that may be vulnerable to control interventions.

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Brief Communications

Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Encysted in the Freshwater Fish, Puntius brevis, from Lao PDR: Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Souvanny Phommakorn, Bounthong Sengvilaykham, Jae-Lip Kim, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(1):49-53.
Published online March 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.49

Abstract
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The metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus, a minute intestinal trematode of mammals and birds, were detected in the freshwater fish, Puntius brevis, from Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR. The metacercariae were experimentally fed to mice, and adult flukes were recovered in their small intestines 7 days later. The adult flukes were morphologically characterized by having 32 (rarely 34) circumoral spines arranged in 2 alternative rows, a large bipartite seminal vesicle, an oval-shaped ovary, and an X-shaped excretory bladder. Based on these characters, the adults were identified as Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). The taxonomic significance of C. formosanus, in relation to a closely related species, C. caninus (Leiper, 1913), is briefly discussed. It has been first verified by adult worm recovery that C. formosanus is prevalent in Vientiane areas of Lao PDR, taking the freshwater fish, P. brevis, as a second intermediate host.

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Validity of MAST-CLA for diagnosis of arthropod allergy using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis: Joon-Soo Park, Hae-Seon Nam, Yong-Bae Kim, Young-Jin Choi, Sang-Han Lee, Sung-Ho Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):239-243.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.239

Abstract
PDF

Many allergists are currently focusing on the development of new diagnostic tools, and are attempting to improve both the sensitivity and specificity. A multiple allergen simultaneous test-chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA) is one of the most popular diagnostic tools used in the Republic of Korea. However, there remains controversy among allergists with regard to the cut-off point for a positive result. The present study was conducted in order to determine the validity of MAST-CLA as compared with that of the skin prick test, with particular emphasis on arthropod allergens, on the basis of percentage agreement rates and κ-values, and also to suggest the optimal positive cut-off points using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The study was conducted with 97 subjects (54 men, 43 women). Optimal individual cut-off points were calculated as follows; class II for Dermatophagoides farinae, class I for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and trace for a cockroach mix. These findings suggest that attempting to apply optimal individual cut-off points will be a good way of improving diagnostic tests, particularly MAST-CLA.

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Original Article

Survey for zoonotic liver and intestinal trematode metacercariae in cultured and wild fish in An Giang Province, Vietnam: Nguyen Diem Thu, Anders Dalsgaard, Ly Thi Thanh Loan, K. Darwin Murrell; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):45-54.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.45

Abstract
PDF

Although Vietnam has a high risk of fishborne zoonotic trematode (FZT) infections for humans, little information exists on the epidemiology of these infections in the country's fish. Because of the importance of cultured catfish and snakehead production in An Giang province, a major production area in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, a survey for FZTs was carried out in randomly selected fish farms between June 2005 and March 2006. For comparison, wild fish from the same area were also surveyed. A total of 852 cultured fish from 4 districts were collected and examined by pepsin digestion to determine their FZT infection status. In Tra catfish, the prevalence of all types of metacercariae was 2.6%, of which the prevalence of Haplorchis pumilio was 0.7%. The overall prevalence of metacercariae in wild fish was 30.6%, of which 10.3% harbored zoonotic species: H. pumilio (2.8%) and Procerovum sp. (5.6%). The prevalence of Opisthorchis metacercariae, which were diagnosed as O. viverrini, was 1.9%. No metacercariae were found in cultured snakehead fish, although wild-caught snakehead fish had a FZT prevalence of 10.3%: 5.1% were O. viverrini; 2.6% H. pumilio; and 2.6% were Procerovum sp. These are the first reports of H. pumilio, Procerovum sp., and O. viverrini metacercariae in Vietnamese fish. These results indicate that consumption of improperly prepared fish represents a significant risk of acquiring FZTs in this south Vietnam region.

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Brief Communication

Feminization and reduction of testicular weight in mouse sparganosis: Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):167-169.
Published online June 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.167

Abstract
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After infection of male mice with the plerocercoids (spargana) of Spirometra mansoni, serum levels of estrogen and testicular weight were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and weighing machine, respectively. The serum level of estrogen increased progressively in infected mice compared with normal controls, whereas the testicular weight of infected mice decreased significantly (P < 0.05). These results suggest that certain substances from spargana change the steroid hormone metabolisms in the host by unknown pathways, and chronic infection may contribute to change of the function of steroid hormone target organ, i.e., testis, in male mice.

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Changes of Serum Adiponectin Levels in Murine Experimental Sparganosis
Hyun-Jong Yang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 91. CrossRef

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Original Article

A new culture system for in situ observation of the growth and development of Eucyclops serrulatus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida): Sung-Hee Park, Cheon-Young Chang, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):141-147.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.141

Abstract
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A practical and convenient method of rearing Eucyclops serrulatus in a microculture environment is described. A complete life cycle of E. serrulatus was maintained in a narrow space on a microscope slide glass on which a cover glass of 22 x 40 mm in size was mounted at a height of 0.8 mm. The culture medium was constituted by bottled mineral water boiled with grains of Glycine max (soybean). Chilomonas paramecium, a free-living protozoan organism, was provided as live food. Growth of nauplii hatched from eggs to the first stage of copepodite took an average of 7.7 days, and the growth of copepodite 1 to the egg-bearing adult female took an average of 20.1 days in the microculture cell with an average life time of 44.7 days. Continuous passage of copepods was successfully maintained as long as sufficient medium and food were provided. The microculture method enables an in situ microscopic observation on the growth and developmental process of helminth larvae experimentally infected to copepods as well as of copepod itself. Furthermore, it does not require anesthetization and, therefore, minimize the amount of stress exposed to copepods during the handling process.

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Culture of Cyclops for Use the First Intermediate Host in Experimental life Cycle of SpirometraSpecies
Nicholas Jairo Kavana, Tewodros Alemneh
Journal of Veterinary Healthcare.2021; 2(3): 1. CrossRef
Behavioral response of the freshwater cyclopoid copepod Eucyclops serrulatus to hydropeaking and thermopeaking in a laboratory flume
Daniel Sidler, François-Gaël Michalec, Markus Holzner
Journal of Freshwater Ecology.2018; 33(1): 115. CrossRef
Counter‐current swimming of lotic copepods as a possible mechanism for drift avoidance
Daniel Sidler, François‐Gaël Michalec, Markus Holzner
Ecohydrology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Three‐dimensional tracking of the motion of benthic copepods in the free water and inside the transparent sediment bed of a laboratory flume
Daniel Sidler, François‐Gaël Michalec, Martin Detert, Markus Holzner
Limnology and Oceanography: Methods.2017; 15(2): 125. CrossRef
Arthrostoma miyazakiense (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) infection in raccoon dogs of Korea and experimental transmission to dogs
Sung-Shik Shin, Dae-Jung Cha, Kyoung-Oh Cho, Ho-Sung Cho, Jeong-Ok Choi, Shin-Hyeong Cho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(2): 121. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

A new method for concentration of proteins in the calcareous corpuscles separated from the spargana of Spirometra erinacei: Yun-Kyu Park, Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(3):119-122.
Published online September 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.3.119

Abstract
PDF

Calcareous corpuscles are a characteristic structure found in larval and adult stage cestodes. These corpuscles are known to contain several protein components and to possess protein-binding activity. However, the proteins bound to calcareous corpuscles in situ have not been studied. The present study was undertaken to identify the proteins on calcareous corpuscles. Calcareous corpuscles were purified from the plerocercoids (= spargana) of Spirometra erinacei, and serially dissolved using 0.1 M sulfamic acid solution. Collected supernatants were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining. The results showed that only the fraction remaining after the 19^th dissolved fraction contained proteins. A total of 20 protein molecules were detected in gel, with major bands at 56, 53, 46, 40, 35, 29, 28, 24.5, 21, 19, 16, 13, 10 and 8 kDa. In particular, the proteins corresponding to the 21 and 16 kDa bands were most abundant. Our results demonstrated for the first time the protein contents of the calcareous corpuscles of spargana. Further studies on the functions of these proteins are required.

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Innovative diagnostic strategies for Taenia ovis infection: Exploring molecular, gene expression, oxidative stress, and histopathological insights
Mai A. Salem, Marwa M. Khalifa, Noha M. Bakry, Mohamed S. Kamel, Mawada Mohamed Ali, Ehab A. Fouad, Reem M. Ramadan
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 339: 110567. CrossRef
Identification and functional characterization of alpha-enolase from Taenia pisiformis metacestode
Shaohua Zhang, Aijiang Guo, Xueliang Zhu, Yanan You, Junling Hou, Qiuxia Wang, Xuenong Luo, Xuepeng Cai
Acta Tropica.2015; 144: 31. CrossRef
Differential protein expression in Spirometra erinacei according to its development in its final host
Jae-Hwan Kim, Young Ju Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Young Mee Bae, Sung-Tae Hong, Min-Ho Choi
Parasitology Research.2009; 105(6): 1549. CrossRef

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Clonorchis sinensis metacercarial infection in the pond smelt Hypomesus olidus and the minnow Zacco platypus collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes: Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Tae-Yun Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Aifen Lin, Ji-Yeon Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(1):41-44.
Published online March 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.1.41

Abstract
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The pond smelt Hypomesus olidus and minnow Zacco platypus were collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes in January 2003, and their metacercarial infections was examined by the muscle compression and artificial digestion techniques. In the Soyang Lake, 161 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (0.35 per fish) were harvested from 459 pond smelts examined. Also, 13 metacercariae of C. sinensis (0.43 per fish), 1 of Metagonimus sp., 4 of Echinostoma sp., 148 of Centrocestus armatus and 44 unidentified species were collected from 30 minnows. In the Daechung Lake, 369 metacercariae of C. sinensis (3.69 per fish) and 51 unidentified species were recovered from 100 pond smelts. The metacercariae of C. sinensis were fed to experimental rats, in which the adult flukes were identified. The pond smelts and minnows collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes were verified to be the second intermediate hosts and the sources of human C. sinensis infection.

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Life cycle stages of heterophyid trematodes in Vietnamese freshwater fishes traced by molecular and morphometric methods
Jakob Skov, Per W. Kania, Anders Dalsgaard, Thomas R. Jørgensen, Kurt Buchmann
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Shin-Hyeong Cho, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Shik Shin, Hyeon-Je Song, Taek-Gyun Choi, Chang-Mi Oh, Yoon Kong, Tong-Soo Kim
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The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2005; 5(1): 31. CrossRef
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Jong-Yil Chai, K. Darwin Murrell, Alan J. Lymbery
International Journal for Parasitology.2005; 35(11-12): 1233. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs and raccoon dogs in Korea: Jae-Hoon Kim, Min-Soo Kang, Byung-Chun Lee, Woo-Suk Hwang, Chang-Woo Lee, Byung-Jae So, J. P. Dubey, Dae-Yong Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(4):243-245.
Published online December 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.4.243

Abstract
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Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle, and dogs are its only known definitive host. Its seroprevalence among domestic urban and rural dogs and feral raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Korea was studied by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and by the neospora agglutination test (NAT), respectively. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 8.3% of urban dogs and in 21.6% of dogs at dairy farms. Antibody titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:400. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in six (23%) of 26 raccoon dogs. However, the potential role of raccoon dogs as a source of horizontal transmission of bovine neosporosis needs further investigation. The results of this study suggest that there is a close relationship between N. caninum infection among dairy farm dogs and cattle in Korea. This study reports for the first time upon the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in raccoon dogs in Korea.

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Original Article

Karyotypes on three species of Chinese mesogastropod snails, Semisulcospira libertina, S. dolichostoma and Viviparus rivularis: Gab-Man Park, Jae-Jin Kim, Pyung-Rim Chung, Yong Wang, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):5-11.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.5

Abstract
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Three species of the families Viviparidae and Pleuroceridae, the first intermediate host of paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis and echinostomiasis were studied cytologically. The observed diploid chromosome number was as follows: Semisulcospira libertina 36, S. dolichostoma 34, and Viviparus rivularis 64. The mitotic chromosome complement of S. libertina has nine metacentric pairs and nine submetacentric pairs, and S. dolichostoma has three metacentric pairs and 14 submetacentric pairs of chromosomes. Viviparus rivularis showed two metacentric pairs and 30 submetacentric pairs of chromosomes.

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BMC Biology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Blood glycemia-modulating effects of melanian snail protein hydrolysates in mice with type II diabetes
Jae-Suk Choi, Joo-Wan Kim, Jeong Been Park, Sang Eun Pyo, Yong-Ki Hong, Sae Kwang Ku, Mi-Ryung Kim
International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2017; 39(6): 1437. CrossRef
Karyotype of Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae)
Alexandr V. Garbar, Natalia S. Kadlubovska
Folia Malacologica.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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