Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"diagnosis"

Case Report

Amoebic enteritis: A clinicopathological analysis of 14 cases and literature review: Lining Wang, Linghong Kong, Yang Jiao, Jun Li, Xinpeng Zhang, Huizhong Xue, Xiaogang Liu; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(2):168-173.
Published online May 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24081

Abstract
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Amoebic enteritis is often misdiagnosed or overlooked due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. This study presents a comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of 14 confirmed cases of amoebic enteritis, examining their clinical manifestations, histopathological features, and responses to treatment. Periodic acid-Schiff and hexamine silver stains were employed to aid in diagnosis. A review of the relevant literature is also included to improve recognition and diagnostic accuracy of this uncommon but clinically significant condition.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in high- and low-transmission areas of Tanzania: The role of asymptomatic carriers in malaria persistence and the need for targeted surveillance and control efforts: Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Johnsy Mary Louis, Fadhila Fitriana, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fauzi Muh, Feng Lu, Md Atique Ahmed, Seok Ho Cha, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Joon-Hee Han, Nyalali Kija, Smart Geodfrey, Eun-Teak Han, Jim Todd, Alphaxard Manjurano, Winifrida Kidima, Jin-Hee Han; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):57-65.
Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24077

As many countries implement different programs aimed at eliminating malaria, attention should be given to asymptomatic carriers that may interrupt the progress. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Tanzania from December 2022 to July 2023 within 4 villages from each of the 3 regions, Geita and Kigoma, which are high malaria transmission, and Arusha, which is low transmission. Malaria was diagnosed in asymptomatic individuals aged 1 year and older using the malaria rapid diagnostic test and light microscope. A total of 2,365 of 3,489 (67.9%) participants were enrolled from high-transmission villages. The overall prevalence was 25.5% and 15.8% by malaria rapid diagnostic test and light microscope, respectively. Using the respective tools, the prevalence was significantly higher at 35.6% (confidence interval (CI)=23.6–49.9) and 23.1% (CI=16.2–35.1) in the high-transmission regions (Geita and Kigoma) compared with 2.9% (CI=1.1–3.5) and 1.1% (CI=0.7–1.8) in the low-transmission region (Arusha). Children younger than 15 years and males accounted for the greatest proportion of infections. In the study area, the prevalence of asymptomatic cases was higher than that of reported symptomatic cases in health facilities. We hypothesize that these parasite reservoirs may contribute to the persistence of malaria in the country. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive malaria control in the country, the surveillance and screening of asymptomatic malaria cases are vital.

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Hidden reservoirs of infection: prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in a high-endemic region of Zambia
Wisdom Silwamba, David Chisompola, John Nzobokela, Martin Chakulya, Lombe Kabwe, Kingsley Tembo
Malaria Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emergence of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum and rising resistance to first-line artemisinin partner drugs in Malawi
Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Johnsy Mary Louis, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Md Atique Ahmed, Feng Lu, Joon-Hee Han, Tae-Hyung Kwon, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Eun-Taek Han, Winifrida Kidima, Jin-
Emerging Microbes & Infections.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First report of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions compromising HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Malawi
Johnsy Mary Louis, Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Feng Lu, Eun-Teak Han, Jin-Hee Han
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Micro-geographic variation in antigenic diversity of PfEBA-175 region II in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in Tanzania
Jadidan Hada Syahada, Wang-Jong Lee, Hojong Jun, Johnsy Mary Louis, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Feng Lu, Md Atique Ahmed, Sunghun Na, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Eun-Teak Han, Jim Todd, Alphaxard Manjurano, Winifrida Kidima, Ernest Mazigo,
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Lophomonas blattarum-like organism in bronchoalveolar lavage from a pneumonia patient: current diagnostic scheme and polymerase chain reaction can lead to false-positive results: Moses Lee, Sang Mee Hwang, Jong Sun Park, Jae Hyeon Park, Jeong Su Park; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):202-209.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22107

Abstract
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Lophomonas blattarum is an anaerobic protozoan living in the intestine of cockroaches and house dust mites, with ultramicroscopic characteristics such as the presence of a parabasal body, axial filament, and absence of mitochondria. More than 200 cases of Lophomonas infection of the respiratory tract have been reported worldwide. However, the current diagnosis of such infection depends only on light microscopic morphological findings from respiratory secretions. In this study, we attempted to provide more robust evidence of protozoal infection in an immunocompromised patient with atypical pneumonia, positive for Lophomonas-like protozoal cell forms. A direct search of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and metagenomic next-generation sequencing did not prove the presence of protozoal infection. PCR results were not validated with sufficient rigor, while de novo assembly and taxonomic classification results did not confirm the presence of an unidentified pathogen. The TEM results implied that such protozoal forms in light microscopy are actually non-detached ciliated epithelial cells. After ruling out infectious causes, the patient’s final diagnosis was drug-induced pneumonitis. These findings underscore the lack of validation in the previously utilized diagnostic methods, and more evidence in the presence of L. blattarum is required to further prove its pathogenicity.

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Pulmonary infection by Lophomonas spp. and Aspergillus spp. in a B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia patient from Chile
Isabel Iturrieta-González, Enzo Moenen-Locoz, Alejandro Hidalgo, Fernando Vega, Johanna Cabrera, Carla Concha, Carolina Chahin, Javier Briones, Flery Fonseca-Salamanca
Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102971. CrossRef
A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) como estratégia de diagnóstico e monitoramento nas protozooses: uma revisão integrativa
Luiza Valente Breda Libardi, Juliana Gouveia da Silva, Danieli Perini Alvares, Clara Fagundes Marely, Bruno Serafini Venturini, Guilherme Frinhani Bernardineli, Filipe Salume Lima Nogueira, Adelson Luiz Ferreira, Rodrigo Moraes, Priscila Pinto e Silva do
Clinics Biopsychosocial.2025; 3(1): 58. CrossRef
First Report of the Pulmonary Parasite Lophomonas blattarum in Ahvaz Province, Khuzestan: Case Report and Literature Review
Mojtaba Aghaei, Hanieh Raji, Seyed Sobhan Bahreiny, Mohammad Amin Vahid, Najmaldin Saki
Advanced Biomedical Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The diagnostic ambiguity for Polymerase Chain Reaction in the detection of Lophomonas blattarum
Canan Doğu Tok, Funda Dogruman Al
Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science.2025; 11(4): 356. CrossRef
First Molecular Evidence of Emerging Lophomonas Pathogen Among Patients Suspected of Having Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Hossein Veisi, Abdollah Malakian, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Sharifpour, Maryam Nakhaei, Mostafa Soleymani, Seyed Reza Mosave, Nader Ahangar, Seyed Hosien Seyedpour
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 1041. CrossRef
Imaging patterns of Lophomonas blattarum infection in the respiratory tract: a registry-based analysis
Amirmasoud Taheri, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Sharifpour, Elhamsadat Banimostafavi, Sepideh SafaNavaei, Siavash Abedi, Hossein Mehravaran, Masoud Aliyali, Ahmad Shafahi, Asieh Delpzir
BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Case series of complicated bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis. Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Cristian Morán-Mariños, Juan Salas López, Felix Llanos-Tejada, Renato Casanova-Mendoza, Renzo Villanueva-Villegas, Antonella Chavez-Huamani, Kenneth G. Vargas-Ponce, Margaret Condori-Zevallos
European Clinical Respiratory Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Case Report

Imaging Manifestations and Misdiagnosis Analysis of Six Cases of Bone Hydatid Disease: Yanqiu Sun, Chunlong Yan, Dengfeng Tian, Chenhong Zhang, Qiang Zhang; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(6):413-417.
Published online December 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.6.413

Abstract
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We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and imaging features of 6 patients with bone hydatid disease confirmed by surgery and pathological examination. Among the 6 patients, 2 were infected with Echinococcosis granulosus metacestode and 4 were infected with E. multilocularis metacestode. The 2 cases with cystic echinococcosis were diagnosed by computed tomographic (CT) examination, and other 4 cases were diagnosed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. On the initial evaluation, 1 case each was misdiagnosed as a giant cell tumor or neurogenic tumor, and 2 were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. The imaging manifestations of bone hydatid disease are complex, but most common findings include expansive osteolytic bone destruction, which may be associated with sclerosing edges or dead bone formation, localized soft tissue masses, and vertebral lesions with wedge-shaped changes and spinal stenosis. Combining imaging findings with the patient’s epidemiological history and immunological examinations is of great help in improving the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bone hydatid disease.

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Spinal Echinococcosis in a Japanese Woman Living in Tokyo: Diagnostic Challenges in Non-endemic Areas and Public Health Implications
Takashi Katsuno, Yuriko Sugiura, Momoko Morishita, Shuhei Osaki, Manabu Suzuki, Jin Takasaki, Motoyasu Iikura, Shinyu Izumi, Masayuki Hojo, Haruhito Sugiyama
Internal Medicine.2025; 64(6): 971. CrossRef
Dynamic evaluation of vertebral alveolar echinococcosis using MR T2 mapping
Jinhuan Han, Yushan Chang, Hui Guo
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Echinococcosis of the humerus with soft tissue and muscle involvement: A case report
Weikai Chen, Yanan Zhang, Yin Wang, Gaosheng Yang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2025; 48(6): 3870. CrossRef
Pathological Fracture of the Tibia Due to Lytic Bone Lesion Caused by Hydatidosis with Absence of Systemic Involvement: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Nashwah Samir AlHariry, Enas A. El Saftawy, Wesam Gamal Abousenna, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Basma Emad Aboulhoda
Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Perspectives on Cystic Echinococcosis: A Systematic Review
Hawkar A. Nasralla, Berun A. Abdalla, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Sasan M. Ahmed, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Shvan H. Mohammed, Rawezh Q. Salih, Dahat A. Hussein, Tomas M. Mikael, Marwan N. Hassan, Hunar A. Hassan, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Kayhan A. Najar, Karukh K.
Judi Clinical Journal.2025; 1(1): 12. CrossRef
Mechanistic role of the IL-1β/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling axis in echinococcal infection-promoted osteoclast differentiation and activation in pathological osteolysis: a prospective controlled trial
Yelinaer Ayiheng, Wuluhan Mahan, Zengru Xie
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Complicated Hydatid Cyst Presentation: A Case Study on the Intersection of Cystobiliary Fistula, Bile Duct Obstruction, and Cholangitis: A Case Report
Nasrin Razavianzadeh, Reza Dabiri, Aref Arminfar, Hessamedin Babaei, Faeze Gholipour, Farbod Noorbini, Soheil Shahramirad
Clinical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Surgical Management of Cystic Pelvic Hydatid Bone Disease Using Additively Manufactured Customized Implants for Salvage Reconstruction: A Report of Two Cases
Rodica Marinescu, Carmen Michaela Cretu, Stefan Ciumeica, Laptoiu Dan Constantin
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hydatid cyst of the humerus presenting as a suspicious lesion: A rare case report and review of literature
Chaymae Faraj, Khadija Laasri, Sara Essetti, Yahya El Harras, Nazik Allali, Siham El Haddad, Latifa Chat, Loubna Aqqaoui, Sarah Hosni, Fouad Ettayebi
Radiology Case Reports.2024; 19(10): 4526. CrossRef
Diagnostic Approach and Differences between Spinal Infections and Tumors
Domenico Compagnone, Riccardo Cecchinato, Andrea Pezzi, Francesco Langella, Marco Damilano, Andrea Redaelli, Daniele Vanni, Claudio Lamartina, Pedro Berjano, Stefano Boriani
Diagnostics.2023; 13(17): 2737. CrossRef
Echinococcus granulosus promotes bone resorption by increasing osteoclasts differentiation
Haohao Sun, Sibo Wang, Wenbo Tan, Ye Li, Qian Ren, Yaqing Liu, Yiping Huang, Chenhui Shi, Jing Li
Acta Tropica.2023; 248: 107027. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Characterization of a Peptide Antibody Specific to the Adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein of Acanthamoeba castellanii: Min-Jeong Kim, Hae-Ahm Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(1):7-14.
Published online February 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.7

Abstract
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Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare infectious disease and accurate diagnosis has remained arduous as clinical manifestations of AK were similar to keratitis of viral, bacterial, or fungal origins. In this study, we described the production of a polyclonal peptide antibody against the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein (ACAP) of A. castellanii, and evaluated its differential diagnostic potential. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed high titers of A. castellanii-specific IgG and IgA antibodies being present in low dilutions of immunized rabbit serum. Western blot analysis revealed that the ACAP antibody specifically interacted with A. castellanii, while not interacting with human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and other causes of keratitis such as Fusarium solani, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) results confirmed the specific detection of trophozoites and cysts of A. castellanii co-cultured with HCE cells. The ACAP antibody also specifically interacted with the trophozoites and cysts of 5 other Acanthamoeba species. These results indicate that the ACAP antibody of A. castellanii can specifically detect multiple AK-causing members belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba and may be useful for differentially diagnosing Acanthamoeba infections.

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The pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis
Mingliang Bao, Hai Bao, Shuqing Wang, Hongyan Zhou
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A chorismate mutase-targeted, core-shell nanoassembly-activated SERS immunoassay platform for rapid non-invasive detection of Acanthamoeba infection
Hyerin Lee, Min-Jeong Kim, Junkyu Chung, Wansun Kim, Hye-Jeong Jo, Tae Gi Kim, Jae-Ho Shin, Gi-Ja Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang Woong Moon, Eun-Kyung Moon, Samjin Choi
Nano Today.2024; 59: 102506. CrossRef
Evaluating the Diagnostic Potential of Chorismate Mutase Poly-Clonal Peptide Antibody for the Acanthamoeba Keratitis in an Animal Model
Min-Jeong Kim, Hye-Jeong Jo, Hae-Jin Sohn, Ho-Joon Shin, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon
Pathogens.2023; 12(4): 526. CrossRef
New Frontiers in Acanthamoeba Keratitis Diagnosis and Management
Omar Shareef, Sana Shareef, Hajirah N. Saeed
Biology.2023; 12(12): 1489. CrossRef
Detection of Acanthamoeba from Acanthamoeba Keratitis Mouse Model Using Acanthamoeba-Specific Antibodies
Min-Jeong Kim, A-Jeong Ham, A-Young Park, Hae-Jin Sohn, Ho-Joon Shin, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon
Microorganisms.2022; 10(9): 1711. CrossRef

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Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex DM9 Protein Shows High Potential for Serodiagnosis of Alveolar Echinococcosis: Jeong-Geun Kim, Xiumin Han, Yoon Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(1):25-34.
Published online February 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.25

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by infection with E. multilocularis metacestode, represents one of the most fatal helminthic diseases. AE is principally manifested with infiltrative, proliferating hepatic mass, resembling primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Sometimes metastatic lesions are found in nearby or remote tissue. AE diagnosis largely depends on imaging studies, but atypical findings of imaging features frequently require differential diagnosis from other hepatic lesions. Serological tests may provide further evidence, while obtaining reliable AE materials is not easy. In this study, alternative antigens, specific to AE were identified by analyzing E. granulosus protoscolex proteins. An immunoblot analysis of E. granulosus protoscolex showed that a group of low-molecular-weight proteins in the range from 14 kDa to 16 kDa exhibited a sensitive and specific immune response to AE patient sera. Partial purification and proteomic analysis indicated that this protein group contained myosin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein, fatty-acid binding protein, uncharacterized DM9, heat shock protein 90 cochaperone tebp P-23, and antigen S. When the serological applicability of recombinant forms of these proteins was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DM9 protein (rEgDM9) showed 90.1% sensitivity (73/81 sera tested) and 94.5% specificity (172/181 sera tested), respectively. rEgDM9 showed weak cross-reactions with patient sera from the transitional and chronic stages of cystic echinococcosis (3 to 5 stages). rEgDM9 would serve as a useful alternative antigen for serodiagnosis of both early- and advanced-stage AE cases.

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Proteomic and Immunological Identification of Diagnostic Antigens from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid: Yan Lu, Jia-Hui Sun, Li-Li Lu, Jia-Xu Chen, Peng Song, Lin Ai, Yu-Chun Cai, Lan-Hua Li, Shao-Hong Chen; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):615-623.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.615

Human sparganosis is a food-borne parasitic disease caused by the plerocercoids of Spirometra species. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is crucial for effective treatment, thus it is important to identify sensitive and specific antigens of plerocercoids. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize the immunogenic proteins of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei plerocercoids that were recognized by patient sera. Crude soluble extract of the plerocercoids were separated using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblot and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on immunoblotting patterns and mass spectrometry results, 8 antigenic proteins were identified from the plerocercoid. Among the proteins, cysteine protease protein might be developed as an antigen for diagnosis of sparganosis.

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Lysine acetylation in the spargana of Spirometra mansoni: Insights into glycolysis and EF-hand domain proteins
Yuke Zeng, Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid, Qin Meng, Shuyu Chen, Xiaoruo Tan, Cuiqin Huang, Shiquan Lu, Teng Zhong, Yuanpeng Hu, Yisong Liu, Wei Liu
Acta Tropica.2025; : 107932. CrossRef
Establishment of Animal Infection Model of Spirometra Mansoni and Identification of Spirometra Mansoni by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Anqi Luo, Shuyu Chen, Mingye He, Xiaoruo Tan, Zhikang Li, Wei Liu, Yisong Liu
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunoproteomics: Approach to Diagnostic and Vaccine Development
Virendra Supaji Gomase, Suchita Prabhakar Dhamane, Kiran Ramesh Kemkar, Pavan Ganpat Kakade, Abhay Dewappa Sakhare
Protein & Peptide Letters.2024; 31(10): 773. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Human Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis Accompanied by Lung and Brain Metastases: Chuanchuan Liu, Haining Fan, Ri-li Ge; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):291-296.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.291

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is considered as a fatal zoonosis caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis. The lungs and brain are the most common metastatic organs. We report a human case of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis accompanied by lung and brain metastasis. In particular, the patient had a history of tuberculosis and the lung lesions were easily misdiagnosed as lung abscesses. The lesions of liver and lung underwent radical resection and confirmed as alveolar echinococcosis by pathological examination. The patient had no surgical complications after operation and was discharged after symptomatic treatment. Unfortunately, the patient later developed multiple intracerebral AE metastases. We required the patient to take albendazole orally for life and follow up.

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Alveolar Echinococcosis in 11-Month-Old Dog—Clinical Case
Zuzana Šufliarska, Štefan Tóth, Michaela Gentil, Filip Humeník
Pathogens.2025; 14(5): 450. CrossRef
Surgical Approach in the Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcus
Yener Aydin, Ali Bilal Ulas, Nurhak Aksungur, Atilla Eroglu
Archivos de Bronconeumología.2024; 60(6): 385. CrossRef
Epididymal alveolar echinococcosis and tuberculosis co-infection: A case report
Chuanchuan Liu, Hainin Fan
IDCases.2024; 36: e01966. CrossRef
Study on the mechanism of miRNAs on liver injury in the condition of Protoscocephalus alveolarus transhepatic portal vein infection
Yazhou Zhu, Ming Li, Zihua Li, Jiahui Song, Wei Zhao
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Echinococcosis: An Uncommon Cause of Thoracic Pain
Beatriz Sampaio, Felisbela Gomes, Mafalda Leal, Rita Bernardino
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnosis and comparative analysis of surgical treatment of patients with liver alveococcosis
V. S. Panteleev, M. A. Nartaylakov, I. Z. Salimgareev, A. S. Petrov
Acta Biomedica Scientifica.2023; 8(2): 214. CrossRef
A Surgically Resected Case of Multiple Pulmonary Metastases of Echinococcosis Presented with Bloody Phlegm
Ryota NAGASHIMA, Yasushi CHO, Kenji WAKAYAMA, Shusaku TAKAHASHI, Hiroyuki ISHIZU, Shin ICHIHARA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2023; 84(9): 1442. CrossRef
The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the “Weep and Sweep” Response during Gastro—Intestinal Helminth Infections
Piotr Bąska, Luke James Norbury
Animals.2022; 12(2): 175. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Evaluation of Rapid IgG4 Test for Diagnosis of Gnathostomiasis: Yue Wang, An Ma, Xiao-Long Liu, Praphathip Eamsobhana, Xiao-Xian Gan; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):257-263.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.257

Human gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Gnathostoma nematode infection. A rapid, reliable, and practical immunoassay, named dot immuno-gold filtration assay (DIGFA), was developed to supporting clinical diagnosis of gnathostomiasis. The practical tool detected anti-Gnathostoma-specific IgG4 in human serum using crude extract of third-stage larvae as antigen. The result of the test was shown by anti-human IgG4 monoclonal antibody conjugated colloidal gold. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 100% for detection in human sera from patients with gnathostomiasis (13/13) and from healthy negative controls (50/50), respectively. Cross-reactivity with heterogonous serum samples from patients with other helminthiases ranged from 0 (trichinosis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cysticercosis) to 25.0% (sparganosis), with an average of 6.3% (7/112). Moreover, specific IgG4 antibodies diminished at 6 months after treatment. This study showed that DIGFA for the detection of specific IgG4 in human sera could be a promising tool for the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis and useful for evaluating therapeutic effects.

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Health Impact of Gnathostomiasis and its Integral Approach to Parasitic Infection: A Systematic Review
Gisnella María Cedeño Cajas, José Andrés Zaporta Ramos, Andrea Stefannia Flores Villacrés, Cesar Guevara
Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2024; 4: 1096. CrossRef

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Performance Evaluation of Biozentech Malaria Scanner in Plasmodium knowlesi and P. falciparum as a New Diagnostic Tool: Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Fauzi Muh, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Chae-Seung Lim, Sung-Hun Na, Won Sun Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):113-119.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.113

Abstract
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The computer vision diagnostic approach currently generates several malaria diagnostic tools. It enhances the accessible and straightforward diagnostics that necessary for clinics and health centers in malaria-endemic areas. A new computer malaria diagnostics tool called the malaria scanner was used to investigate living malaria parasites with easy sample preparation, fast and user-friendly. The cultured Plasmodium parasites were used to confirm the sensitivity of this technique then compared to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and light microscopic examination. The measured percentage of parasitemia by the malaria scanner revealed higher precision than microscopy and was similar to FACS. The coefficients of variation of this technique were 1.2-6.7% for Plasmodium knowlesi and 0.3-4.8% for P. falciparum. It allowed determining parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficient of variation smaller than 10%. In terms of the precision range of parasitemia, both high and low ranges showed similar precision results. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation data coming from all methods. A strong correlation of measured parasitemia (r²=0.99, P<0.05) was observed between each method. The parasitemia analysis using this new diagnostic tool needs technical improvement, particularly in the differentiation of malaria species.

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In-depth biological analysis of alteration in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red blood cells using a noninvasive optical imaging technique
Moh Egy Rahman Firdaus, Fauzi Muh, Ji-Hoon Park, Seong-Kyun Lee, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Dermoscopy for Scabies: Feng-Zeng Li, Shuang Chen; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):669-674.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.669

The diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy (DS) for scabies, a highly contagious parasitic disease, remains disputed. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of DS in scabies, analyze the factors influencing DS, and explore its role in post-treatment evaluation. Patients with suspected scabies were randomly divided into 2 groups: 71 patients in the skin scraping (SS) group and 73 patients in the DS group. The diagnostic efficiencies of SS and DS in these groups were calculated. We also analyzed the influence of body part and investigator competence on the accuracy of DS. Then 16 body parts with typical signs of scabies were monitored by DS 2 and 4 day after sulfur ointment treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of DS were 98.3% and 88.5%, respectively. Hands, arms, and the abdomen had higher positivity rates than other body parts (P<0.001). The accuracy of dermatologists’ interpretations of images negative for scabies in the intermediate- and high-level groups was higher than that in the low-level group (P<0.001). At follow-up, the mites were still visible on 43.8% to 62.5% of the skin lesions 2 and 4 day after sulfur ointment treatment. These results showed that DS could significantly increase the accuracy of diagnosing scabies owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it may be useful for monitoring clinical responses to anti-parasitic treatment.

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Assessing the Accuracy of Dermoscopy for Scabies Diagnosis in Dark African Skin
Nkechi Anne Enechukwu, Ikenna Akuakolam, Iloduba N Aghanya, Chetanna C Anaje, Ogochukwu I Ezejiofor, Enzo Errichetti
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Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum Recovered from Villagers in Northern Cambodia: Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):619-625.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.619

Abstract
PDF

Human hookworm infections caused by adult Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus are one of the most important tropical diseases. We performed a survey of intestinal helminths using the Kato-Katz fecal examination technique targeting 1,156 villagers residing in 2 northern provinces (Preah Vihear and Stung Treng) of Cambodia in 2018. The results revealed a high overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths (61.9%), and the egg positive rate of hookworms was 11.6%. Nine of the hookworm egg positive cases in Preah Vihear Province were treated with 5-10 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate followed by purging with magnesium salts, and a total of 65 adult hookworms were expelled in diarrheic stools. The adult hookworms were analyzed morphologically and molecularly to confirm the species. The morphologies of the buccal cavity and dorsal rays on the costa were observed with a light microscope, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. The majority of the hookworm adults (90.7%) were N. americanus, whereas the remaining 9.3% were Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a rare hookworm species infecting humans. The results revealed a high prevalence of hookworm infections among people in a northern part of Cambodia, suggesting the necessity of a sustained survey combined with control measures against hookworm infections.

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The occurrence of cross-host species soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans and domestic/livestock animals: A systematic review
Uniqueky Gratis Mawrie, Riviarynthia Kharkongor, María Martínez Valladares, Stella Kepha, Sitara S. R. Ajjampur, Rajiv Sarkar, Rachel Pullan, Muhammad Asaduzzaman
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Hookworm infections in carnivores in Iran: a One Health concern
Meysam Sharifdini, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Majid Pirestani, Ali Asghari, Giovanni Sgroi, Elham Hajialilo, Arian Ghannadi Karimi, Anastasia Diakou, Milad Badri
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High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jaeeun Cho, Seungwan Ryoo, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
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Surveillance on the Vivax Malaria in Endemic Areas in the Republic of Korea Based on Molecular and Serological Analyses: Seong-Kyun Lee, Fengyue Hu, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Jin-Hee Han, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyun-Il Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Sun Park, Feng Lu, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):609-617.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.609

Abstract
PDF

Plasmodium vivax reemerged in 1993. It has been sustained for more than 25 years and become one of the important indigenous parasitic diseases in northern and western parts of the Republic of Korea near the demilitarized zone. In particular, relapse is a significant concern for the control of malaria, as short- and long-term incubation periods vary among those infected in Korea. In this study, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers was examined among residents of high endemic areas of vivax malaria during nonseasonal transmission of mosquitoes. Blood samples from 3 endemic regions in northwestern Korea were evaluated by microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic testing, and nested PCR to identify asymptomatic patients carrying malaria parasites in the community. However, no positive malaria case among residents of endemic areas was detected. Additionally, serological analysis was carried out to measure antibodies against 3 antigenic recombinant proteins of P. vivax, merozoite surface protein 1-19, circumsporozoite surface protein-VK210, and liver-stage antigen (PvLSA-N), by the protein array method. Interestingly, seropositivity of sera between previous exposure and samples without exposure to malaria was significantly higher using the PvLSA-N antigen than the other antigens, suggesting that PvLSA-N can be used as a serological marker to analyze the degree of exposure for malaria transmission in endemic areas. This indicates a very low asymptomatic carrier prevalence during the nonmalaria season in the endemic areas of Korea.

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A region-structured model for early warning of Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission risk in the Republic of Korea
Boyeon Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Jeehyun Lee, Joon-Sup Yeom
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Development of a Plasmodium vivax malaria model for evaluating the effects of control strategies on the malaria burden in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
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Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
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Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Evaluation of Rhophilin Associated Tail Protein (ROPN1L) in the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini for Diagnostic Approach: Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Rudi Grams, Wansika Phadungsil, Wanlapa Chaibangyang, Nanthawat Kosa, Poom Adisakwattana, Paron Dekumyoy; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):475-479.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.475

Tegumental and excretory-secretory proteins are reported as diagnostic antigens for human opisthorchiasis. Rhophilin associated tail protein1-like (OvROPN1L) protein of Opisthorchis viverrini sperm tail showed potential as a diagnostic antigen. The OvROPN1L recombinant fragments were assayed for diagnostic antigenicity for human opisthorchiasis using indirect ELISA. The strongest antigenic region was a N-terminus peptide of M1 - P56. One synthetic peptide (P1, L3-Q13) of this region showed the highest antigenicity to opisthorchiasis. Sera from other parasitic infections including Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, Taenia spp, minute intestinal flukes, Paragonimus spp showed lower reactivity to P1. Peptide P1 is located in the disordered N-terminus of ROPN1L supporting its suitability as linear epitope. In the Platyhelminthes the N-terminal sequence of ROPN1L is diverging with taxonomic distance further suggesting that peptide P1 has potential as diagnostic tool in the genus Opisthorchis/Clonorchis. It should be further evaluated in combination with peptides derived from other O. viverrini antigens to increase its diagnostic power.

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Production and immunological characterization of the novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against the epitopes on Opisthorchis viverrini cathepsin F (OvCatF)
Pongsakorn Martviset, Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul, Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Salisa Chaimon, Kantaphon Glab-ampai, Wanlapa Chaibangyang, Phornphan Sornchuer, Potjanee Srimanote, Jittiporn Ruangtong, Parisa Prathaphan, Tonkla Taechadamrongtham, Nattaya Toru
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Investigation of a Serine Protease Inhibitor Active in the Infectious Stage of the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini
Rosnanee Salang, Wansika Phadungsil, Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Rudi Grams
Pathogens.2024; 13(8): 678. CrossRef
Production and Immunological Characterization of scFv Specific to Epitope of Opisthorchis viverrini Rhophilin-Associated Tail Protein 1-like (OvROPN1L)
Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Dawid Krenc, Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul, Rudi Grams, Wansika Phadungsil, Kittirat Glab-ampai, Pathanin Chantree, Pongsakorn Martviset
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(3): 160. CrossRef
Cystatins from the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini: Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis
Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Rudi Grams, Sinee Siricoon, Nanthawat Kosa, Dawid Krenc, Wansika Phadungsil, Pongsakorn Martviset
Pathogens.2023; 12(7): 949. CrossRef
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Basic and Clinical Andrology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Molecular Diagnosis of Taenia saginata Tapeworms from Two Residents of Northern Cambodia: Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):201-204.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.201

Abstract
PDF

Taenia saginata infection has seldom been reported in Cambodia. In this study, we performed a survey of intestinal parasites in 1,156 residents of Preah Vihear and Stung Treng Provinces in 2018. The results revealed that 26 (2.4%) cases were positive for Taenia spp. eggs. In order to obtain the strobilae of the tapeworms, 2 patients in Preah Vihear were treated with praziquantel and purged with magnesium salts. The proglottids expelled after the medication were morphologically and molecularly analyzed to determine the species. The main uterine lateral braches in gravid proglottids were >15 in number suggesting that they are either T. saginata or Taenia asiatica. The sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and 2 nuclear loci, elongation factor-1 alpha (ef1) and ezrin-radixin-moesin-like protein (elp), were identical to the sequences of T. saginata available in GenBank but distant from Taenia solium, T. asiatica, and T. saginata-T. asiatica hybrid. This is the first report of the presence of T. saginata in the northern part of Cambodia bordering Lao PDR based on a molecular confirmation.

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High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jaeeun Cho, Seungwan Ryoo, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of a Hybrid Between Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica Tapeworms in Cambodia
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Hansol Park, Keeseon S. Eom, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 179. CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum Recovered from Villagers in Northern Cambodia
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 619. CrossRef

7,757 View
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Original Articles

Dientamoeba fragilis Infection in Patients with Digestive and Non-Digestive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study: Yousry A. Hawash, Khadiga A. Ismail, Taisir Saber, Emad M. Eed, Amany S. Khalifa, Khalaf F. Alsharif, Saleh A. Alghamdi; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):129-134.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.129

In most developing countries, Dientamoeba fragilis infection is an obscure protozoan infection. We aimed to determine a frequency and clinical importance of D. fragilis infection in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A 1-year case control study included patients with gastrointestinal (cases, n=114) or non-gastrointestinal symptoms (controls, n=90). The fecal samples were examined with the classical parasitological methods for intestinal protozoa, and by real time PCR for D. fragilis. The infection by D. fragilis was detected in 5.8% by PCR and in 4.4% patients by microscopy. The infection was identified more in control group (n=9) than in cases (n=3); a sole infection in 11 patients and mixed with Giardia in 1 patient. The other enteric parasites detected were Blastocystis sp. (8.3%), Giardia sp. (5.3%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.4%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%) and Hymenolepis nana (0.4%). Our results tend to reinforce the need to increase awareness of D. fragilis infection in Saudi Arabia.

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C. Prieux-Klotz, M.-C. Sabate Ferris, L. Gan, X. Bohand, P. Rey
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Erdogan MALATYALİ, İbrahim YILDIZ, Evren TİLEKLİOGLU, Hatice ERTABAKLAR, Sema ERTUĞ
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Biology.2021; 10(10): 990. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Sarcocystis falcatula in Two Islands of Malaysia using Recombinant Surface Antigen 4: Tengku-Idris Tengku Idzzan Nadzirah, Fong Mun Yik, Lau Yee Ling; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):1-5.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.1

Sarcocystosis was diagnosed worldwide by serodiagnostic tests utilising the whole parasite, for which the protozoa were maintained in vitro are more costly. In this study, antigenicity of Sarcocystis falcatula recombinant protein (rSfSAG4) was investigated towards the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman Islands and its seroprevalence was surveyed in these islands. A total of 348 human sera were tested using rSfSAG4 by Western blot and ELISA. High prevalence of sarcocystosis was observed in Tioman Island (80.6%) than in Pangkor Island (50.0%) by Western blot. In ELISA, the seroprevalence observed in Tioman Island was 45.9%, whereas in Pangkor Island 63.0%. In other parasitic infections, the prevalence was 34.0% by Western blot and 46.0% by ELISA. In healthy control group, 7% by Western blot and 8% by ELISA showed positivity to rSfSAG4. It is suggested SfSAG4 is a candidate antigen to measure seroprevalence of sarcocystosis.

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Sarcocystis infection in domestic and wild avian hosts: Inseparable flight partners
Petras Prakas, Rafael Calero-Bernal, Jitender P. Dubey
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 335: 110413. CrossRef

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Malaria Prevalence in a Low Transmission Area, Jazan District of Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Yousry Hawash, Khadiga Ismail, Khalaf Alsharif, Walaa Alsanie; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):233-242.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.233

Abstract
PDF

Detailed description of malaria in low transmission areas is crucial for elimination. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive description for malaria transmission in Jazan, a low transmission district, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Patients at a tertiary care hospital were recruited in our study between August 2016 and September 2018. Malaria diagnosis was performed through a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), microscopy and Paramax-3^TM rapid detection test (RDT). Malaria was detected in 30 patients by the PCR, with point prevalence of 10.9%. Of these malaria infections, 80% was imported, 26.6% was asymptomatic and 23.3% was sub-microscopic. Malaria was reported throughout the year, with February/March and September/October peaks. Infection was significantly more in males than in females (P=0.01). Likewise, infections were detected more in febrile than in non-febrile patients (P=0.01). Adult aged 15-24 years, fever and travel were identified as high-risk factors. Malaria was primarily attributed to Plasmodium falciparum mono-infections, followed by P. vivax mono-infections and lastly to falciparum/vivax mixed infections accounting 76.6%, 16.6%, and 6.6% of PCR-confirmed malaria cases, respectively. The nested PCR was superior to the smear microscopy (sensitivity 76.6%; specificity 100%) and the RDT (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 94.2%). The overall percent agreement between microscopy and the RDT was 92.7% (kappa=0.63). High proportion of imported malaria including sub-microscopic and sub-patent cases were described. We suggest that incorporation of molecular tool into the conventional malaria diagnosis is beneficial in Jazan district.

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Jamshaid Iqbal, Suhail Ahmad, Ali Sher, Mohammad Al-Awadhi
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Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Aymen M. Madkhali, Khalid Y. Ghailan, Ahmed A. Abdulhaq, Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani, Khalid Ammash Zain, Wahib M. Atroosh, Alkhansa Alshabi, Hussein A. Khadashi, Majid A. Darraj, Zaki M. Eisa
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Katherine E. Battle, J. Kevin Baird, Lorenz von Seidlein
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Raden A.K. Lestari, Novyan Lusiyana, Fitria S. Nurochmah, G. Gholib, A. Sutriana, A. Engelhardt, J. Duboscq, R. Sahara Zamzami
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Yiu‐Wing Kam, Mohamed Yousif Ahmed, Siti Naqiah Amrun, Bernett Lee, Tarik Refaie, Kamla Elgizouli, Siew‐Wai Fong, Laurent Renia, Lisa FP Ng
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Ridhi Agarwal, Leslie Choi, Samuel Johnson, Yemisi Takwoingi
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Jamshaid Iqbal, Mohammad Al-Awadhi, Suhail Ahmad, Luzia Helena Carvalho
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Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2019; 8(10): 3318. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Differential Diagnosis of Human Sparganosis Using Multiplex PCR: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):295-300.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.295

Abstract
PDF

Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens isolated in Korea have been recorded. Present study was performed to provide information to diagnose the etiologic agent of sparganosis by multiplex PCR using mitochondrial genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. In an effort to examine the differential diagnosis of spirometrid tapeworms, multiplex PCR assays were performed on plerocercoid larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The PCR products obtained using species-specific primers were positively detected in all PCR assays on mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens DNA. S. erinaceieuropaei-specific bands (239 bp and 401 bp) were obtained from all PCR assays using a mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Se-2018R; Se/Sd-7955F and Se-8356R) and S. erinaceieuropaei template DNA. S. decipiens-specific bands (540 bp and 644 bp) were also detected in all PCR assays containing mixtures of S. decipiens-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Sd-2317R; Se/Sd-7955F and Sd-8567R) and S. decipiens template DNA. Sequence analyses on these species-specific bands revealed 100% sequence identity with homologous regions of the mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The multiplex PCR assay was useful for differential diagnosis of human sparganosis by detecting different sizes in species-specific bands.

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Molecular, morphological and histopathological evidence of Spirometra mansoni in wild and domestic animals from Costa Rica
Irene Alvarado-Hidalgo, Josué Campos-Camacho, Yuliana Arguedas-Morales, Luis M. Romero-Vega, Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón, Gabriela Anchia-Ureña, Laura G. Bass, Ivan Berrocal-Ávila, Isabel Hagnauer, Roberto W.I. Olivares, Alberto Solano-Barquero, Rodolfo Trau
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 51: 101030. CrossRef
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia
Wei Liu, Tengfang Gong, Shuyu Chen, Quan Liu, Haoying Zhou, Junlin He, Yong Wu, Fen Li, Yisong Liu
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Alexander Morales, Rebeca M. Laird-Pérez, Virginia Capó, Enrique Iglesias, Luis Fonte, Arturo Plascencia-Hernández, Enrique J. Calderón, Keeseon S. Eom, Yaxsier de Armas, Héctor R. Pérez-Gómez
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1468. CrossRef
An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae
Blaine A. Mathison, Sarah G. H. Sapp
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Large-scale survey of a neglected agent of sparganosis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in wild frogs in China
Xi Zhang, Xiu Hong, Shi Nan Liu, Peng Jiang, Shu Chuan Zhao, Chuan Xi Sun, Zhong Quan Wang, Jing Cui, David Blair
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African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa
Jennah Green, Catherine Jakins, Eyob Asfaw, Nicholas Bruschi, Abbie Parker, Louise de Waal, Neil D’Cruze
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Original Article

Diagnosis, Treatment and Clinical Features of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: Yousry A. Hawash, Khadiga A. Ismail, Maha M. Abdel-Wahab, Mahmoud Khalifa; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):229-236.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.229

Abstract
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been one of the most common parasitic diseases in Saudi Arabia. This study exhibits the clinical features, diagnosis, cytokine profile and treatment of CL patients in Al-Taif province. Ninety CL suspects at a tertiary care general hospital were enrolled in one-year study. Patients were interviewed, clinically-examined, and subjected to laboratory tests: skin scraping smear microscopy, OligoC-TesT commercial PCR (Coris BioConcept) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) PCR for Leishmania diagnosis. Interferon-gamma (RayBio; Human IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients’ sera were evaluated before treatment with sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) with 20-day intramuscular drug regimen. Positive rates of microscopy, commercial PCR and kDNA PCR were 74.4%, 95.5% and 100%, respectively. Patients came to hospital mostly in winter (45.0%). CL was frequently exhibited in Saudi patients (78.8%), male gender (70.7%), age <20 years (50.0%), rural-dwellers (75.5%) and patients with travel history (86.6%). Lesion was mostly single ulcer (93.3%), occurred in the face (67.7%). Upon pentostam treatment, 85.1% of ulcers showed rapid healing signs. Levels of IFN-γ and NO were significantly higher in the healing than the non-healing cases (P<0.001). The kDNA PCR proved more sensitive than microscopy and OligoC-TesT commercial PCR. Our results open perspectives for IFN-γ use as a biomarker predicting treatment response.

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Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Najm Z. Alshahrani, Abdullah M. Alarifi, Abdullah M. Assiri
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Tracking of Leishmania spp. in Iranian phlebotominae, distribution and biodiversity in Jarqavieh county, central Iran
Mehdi Haddadnia, Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Parisima Badiezadeh, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2025; 35(12): 3761. CrossRef
Epidemiology and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
W. Iqbal, U. Iram, S. Nisar, N. Musa, A. Alam, M. R. Khan, B. Ullah, M. Ullah, I. Ali
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the biodiversity and distribution of sand flies and tracking of Leishmania major in them in central Iran
Parisima Badiezadeh, Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Mehdi Haddadniaa, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2024; 34(9): 3245. CrossRef
Epidemiology and clinical features of parasitic disease Leishmaniasis. A case study from Pakistan
Muhaibullah khan, Sheraz Ahmad, Hamayun saeed, M. Junaid Akhtar, Amna Munir
Medical Reports.2024; 6: 100090. CrossRef
Epidemiological Mapping of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Descriptive Study
Basmah Alharbi, Mawahib Ahmed
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 14(3): 1281. CrossRef
Dermoscopic features in relation to the type of clinical lesions in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Qasim S. Al Chalabi, Hala N. Al Salman, Anfal L. Al harbawi
Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society.2024; 21(3): 240. CrossRef
Leishmaniasis: Recent epidemiological studies in the Middle East
Chinyere A. Knight, David R. Harris, Shifaa O. Alshammari, Ayele Gugssa, Todd Young, Clarence M. Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Associated Risk Factors and Prevention in Hubuna, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Jamaan Alzahrani, Nahid Elfaki, Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla, Mugahed Ali Alkhadher, Maha Hamed Mohamed Ali, Waled AM Ahmed
International Journal of General Medicine.2023; Volume 16: 723. CrossRef
A disfiguring neglected tropical disease sweeps war-torn Yemen: a community-based study of prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural communities in the western highlands
Manal A Al-Ashwal, Wahib M Atroosh, Abdulelah H Al-Adhroey, Assia A Al-Subbary, Lau Yee-Ling, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2023; 117(12): 823. CrossRef
Distribution, clinical features, and epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case study of District Haripur, KPK, Pakistan
Muhaibullah Khan, Shehzad Ghayyur, Samina yasmin
Medical Reports.2023; 2: 100025. CrossRef
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Clinical Overview: A Single Center Study from Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region, Al-Ahsa
Mahdi Al-Dhafiri, Abdulmohsen Alhajri, Zahraa Ali Alwayel, Jasmine Ahmed Alturaiki, Shaima Ali Bu Izran, Fatimah Ahmed Alhammad, Ryhana Mohammed Aljumaiah
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(12): 507. CrossRef
Distribution and epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Asir province, Saudi Arabia, from 2011 to 2020
Yasser Alraey
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2022; 15(7): 757. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and human patients in Saudi Arabia
Abdullah D. Alanazi, Abdulazi S. Alouffi, Mohamed S. Alyousif, Abdulsadah A. Rahi, Magda A. Ali, Hend H. A. M. Abdullah, Fabio A. Brayner, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos, Domenico Otranto
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(12): 4241. CrossRef
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Value of CT Three-Dimensional Imaging of Gynecological Pelvic Blood Vessels
Li Qiao, Changxiao Li, Qinde Yu, Li Ma
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Prevalence of Leishmania species among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia
Zafar Rasheed, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Tarek Salem, Mohammed S. Al-Dhubaibi, Ahmad A. Al Robaee, Abdullateef A. Alzolibani
BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Serodiagnosis of Extraintestinal Amebiasis: Retrospective Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of the Bordier^® ELISA Kit: Nicolas Beyls, Odile Cognet, Jean-Paul Stahl, Olivier Rogeaux, Herve Pelloux; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):71-74.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.71

Abstract
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Soluble antigens from an axenic culture of Entamoeba histolytica were used to develop a commercial ELISA kit to quantify anti-E. histolytica antibodies in sera of patients with extraintestinal amebiasis in non-endemic settings. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the test were assessed retrospectively using 131 human serum samples with amoebic serologic status available. They were selected according to their results in immunofluorescence (IFAT) and were separated in 2 sample categories: 64 sera with positive results by IFAT and 67 with negative results by IFAT. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA kit were assessed at 95.0% and 94.0% compared to the IFAT. The test can be useful to exclude a potential diagnosis of amebiasis and could be used as a screening method since ELISA is an automated technique.

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A proof-of-concept point-of-care test for the serodiagnosis of human amebic liver abscess
Rutchanee Rodpai, Penchom Janwan, Lakkhana Sadaow, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Oranuch Sanpool, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Toshihiro Mita, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
PeerJ.2025; 13: e19181. CrossRef
Serodiagnosis of amoebic abscess: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study of kits marketed in Europe
E. Prétot, M-P. Brenier-Pinchart, P. Tirard-Collet, F. Gabriel, F. Touafek, A. Marteau, L. Delcey, C. Amiot, D. Dupont, H. Fricker-Hidalgo, H. Sokol, A. Moreno-Sabater, F. Grenouillet, Bobbi S. Pritt
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Unusual microscopic finding in a hepatic abscess content
Marta Rolo, Alhena Reyes, Juan Martín Torres, Ana Pérez-Ayala
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica.2023; 41(4): 254. CrossRef
Unusual microscopic finding in a hepatic abscess content
Marta Rolo, Alhena Reyes, Juan Martín Torres, Ana Pérez-Ayala
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.).2023; 41(4): 254. CrossRef
Evaluation of total immunoglobulin G and subclass antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of human amebic liver abscess
Penchom Janwan, Lakkhana Sadaow, Rutchanee Rodpai, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Vor Luvira, Wattana Sukeepaisarnjaroen, Amnat Kitkhuandee, Krisada Paonariang, Oranuch Sanpool, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Toshihiro Mita, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanch
PeerJ.2022; 10: e14085. CrossRef
Difficultés d’interprétation des sérologies parasitaires, hors toxoplasmose
Sandrine Houzé, Luc Paris
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Rahmah Noordin, Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Syazwan Saidin, Zeehaida Mohamed, Isabel Fuentes Corripio, José Miguel Rubio, Majid Golkar, Shamilah Hisam, Rogan Lee, Rohela Mahmud
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 103(6): 2233. CrossRef

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Original Article

An Alternative Method for Extracting Plasmodium DNA from EDTA Whole Blood for Malaria Diagnosis: Krongkaew Seesui, Kanokwan Imtawil, Phimphakon Chanetmahun, Porntip Laummaunwai, Thidarut Boonmars; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):25-32.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.25

Abstract
PDF

Molecular techniques have been introduced for malaria diagnosis because they offer greater sensitivity and specificity than microscopic examinations. Therefore, DNA isolation methods have been developed for easy preparation and cost effectiveness. The present study described a simple protocol for Plasmodium DNA isolation from EDTA-whole blood. This study demonstrated that after heating infected blood samples with Tris?EDTA buffer and proteinase K solution, without isolation and purification steps, the supernatant can be used as a DNA template for amplification by PCR. The sensitivity of the extracted DNA of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax was separately analyzed by both PCR and semi-nested PCR (Sn-PCR). The results revealed that for PCR the limit of detection was 40 parasites/μl for P. falciparum and 35.2 parasites/μl for P. vivax, whereas for Sn-PCR the limit of detection was 1.6 parasites/μl for P. falciparum and 1.4 parasites/μl for P. vivax. This new method was then verified by DNA extraction of whole blood from 11 asymptomatic Myanmar migrant workers and analyzed by Sn-PCR. The results revealed that DNA can be extracted from all samples, and there were 2 positive samples for Plasmodium (P. falciparum and P. vivax). Therefore, the protocol can be an alternative method for DNA extraction in laboratories with limited resources and a lack of trained technicians for malaria diagnosis. In addition, this protocol can be applied for subclinical cases, and this will be helpful for epidemiology and control.

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Evaluation of A Simple DNA Extraction Method and Its Combination with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Plasmodium knowlesi Diagnosis
Meng-Yee Lai, Mohd Hafizi Abdul Hamid, Jenarun Jelip, Rose Nani Mudin, Yee-Ling Lau
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(8): 389. CrossRef
Liquid Biopsy for Promising Non-invasive Diagnostic Biomarkers in Parasitic Infections
Eylem Akdur Ozturk, Ayse Caner
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 1. CrossRef
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Roland Dieki, Elsa-Rush Eyang-Assengone, Patrice Makouloutou-Nzassi, Félicien Bangueboussa, Edouard Nsi Emvo, Jean Paul Akue, Ricardo Santos
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(3): e0265582. CrossRef
Protein abundance and folding rather than the redox state of Kelch13 determine the artemisinin susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum
Robin Schumann, Eileen Bischoff, Severina Klaus, Sophie Möhring, Julia Flock, Sandro Keller, Kim Remans, Markus Ganter, Marcel Deponte
Redox Biology.2021; 48: 102177. CrossRef

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Case Report

Human Cases of Fascioliasis in Fujian Province, China: Lin Ai, Yu-Chun Cai, Yan Lu, Jia-Xu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):55-60.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.55

Abstract
PDF

Fascioliasis is a foodborne zoonotic parasitic disease. We report 4 cases occurring in the same family, in whom diagnosis of acute fascioliasis was established after series of tests. One case was hospitalized with fever, eosinophilia, and hepatic lesions. MRI showed hypodense changes in both liver lobes. The remaining 3 cases presented with the symptom of stomachache only. Stool analysis was positive for Fasciola eggs in 2 adult patients. The immunological test and molecular identification of eggs were confirmed at the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. The results of serological detection were positive in all the 4 patients. DNA sequencing of PCR products of the eggs demonstrated 100% homology with ITS and cox1 of Fasciola hepatica. The conditions of the patients were not improved by broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs until administration of triclabendazole.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors assessment of bovine fasciolosis in the Imbo Region, Burundi
Sylvère Nkurunziza, Gérard Nishemezwe, Jean-Bosco Ntirandekura, Pascal Niyokwizera, Lionel Nyabongo, Amos Omore, Rose Odhiambo
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Phylogenetic Characteristics of Fasciola hepatica Isolated from a Korean Patient
Mi Jin Jeong, Jae Kyun Park, Hak Sun Yu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(5): 367. CrossRef
Letter to the editor discussing the article “curved tunnel’ sign on MRI: a typical radiological feature in hepatic trichinellosis”
Jean Dupouy-Camet, Fabrizio Bruschi, Edoardo Pozio
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Extracellular vesicles from Fasciola gigantica induce cellular response to stress of host cells
Aijiang Guo, Li Wang, Xuelian Meng, Shaohua Zhang, Zhaoan Sheng, Xuenong Luo, Weiyi Huang, Shuai Wang, Xuepeng Cai
Experimental Parasitology.2021; 231: 108173. CrossRef
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Linda Chougar, Nabil Amor, Sarra Farjallah, Khaled Harhoura, Miriem Aissi, Abdulaziz N. Alagaili, Paolo Merella
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(4): 1179. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of Fascioliasis in China
Lin Ai, Jia-Xu Chen, Yu-Chun Cai, Yan Lu, Yan-Hong Chu, Shao-Hong Chen, Hao Li, Peng Song, Mu-Xin Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Acta Tropica.2019; 196: 180. CrossRef
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Men-Bao Qian, Jin Chen, Robert Bergquist, Zhong-Jie Li, Shi-Zhu Li, Ning Xiao, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Camille M. Webb, Miguel M. Cabada
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases.2018; 31(5): 409. CrossRef
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Wipaporn JARUJAREET, Kensuke TAIRA, Hong Kean OOI
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2018; 80(1): 36. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Optimization of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis during Pregnancy at a University Hospital, Argentina: Pamela Testardini, Mar?a Luc?a Gallo Vaulet, Andrea Carolina Entrocassi, Claudia Menghi, Martha Cora Eliseht, Claudia Gatta, Mirta Losada, Mar?a Sol Touz?n, Ana Corominas, Carlos Vay, Silvio Tatti, Angela Famiglietti, Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin, Beatriz Perazzi; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):191-195.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.191

Abstract
PDF

The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis during pregnancy in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications. A total of 386 vaginal exudates from pregnant women were analyzed. T. vaginalis was investigated by 3 types of microscopic examinations direct wet mount with physiologic saline solution, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) staining, and wet mount with sodium-acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue method. PCR for 18S rRNA gene as well as culture in liquid medium were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were evaluated considering the culture media positivity or the PCR techniques as gold standard. The frequency of T. vaginalis infection was 6.2% by culture and/or PCR, 5.2% by PCR, 4.7% by culture, 3.1% by SAF/methylene blue method and 2.8% by direct wet smear and prolonged MGG staining. The sensitivities were 83.3%, 75.0%, 50.0%, and 45.8% for PCR, culture, SAF/methylene blue method, and direct wet smear-prolonged MGG staining, respectively. The specificity was 100% for all the assessed methods. Microscopic examinations showed low sensitivity, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients. It is necessary to improve the detection of T. vaginalis using combined methods providing higher sensitivity, such as culture and PCR, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients, in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications.

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African Journal of Laboratory Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107489. CrossRef
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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis by PCR in Men Attending a Primary Care Urology Clinic in South Korea: Jun-Hyeok Seo, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Yu-Ran Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Eun Sang Yoo, Won Kee Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):551-555.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.551

Abstract
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Trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. Despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR, few prospective studies present data on male T. vaginalis infection in South Korea. In the present study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary care urology clinic in South Korea. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in our cohort was 4% (8/201) by PCR. T. vaginalis infection was common in men older than 40 years (median age, 52 years). Among the 8 Trichomonas-positive patients, 87.5% (7/8) had prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 25.0% (2/8) and 12.5% (1/8) were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. Our results suggest that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in men attending primary care urology clinics in South Korea, especially in those older than 40 years, in whom it may explain the presence of prostatic disease. The possibility of T. vaginalis infection should be routinely considered in older male patients with prostatic diseases in South Korea.

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Trichomoniasis in Men: A Neglected Factor in Male Infertility?
Seyed Ali Hosseini, Mohammad Matini, Maryam Bahmanzadeh, Reza Aslani, Faeze Foroughi-Parvar
Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and infection risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis
Wenjie Tian, Yuhua Li, Yani Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Yiran Qin, Yalin Han, Dongxian Li, Shuai Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang
Parasite.2025; 32: 56. CrossRef
Prevalence of trichomoniasis infection among adults in Nigerian community settings
K. Chukwuemeka Obetta, Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna, Dorida Nneka Oyigbo, Oliver Onyemaechi Ugwu, Kenneth Okonkwo Ugwu, Beatrice N. Onah, Chinasa Maryrose Ugwunnadi, Joseph O. Acha, Ngozi Uzoamaka Chuke, Ogechi Nkemjika, Onyinyechi Elizabeth Okoye
Medicine.2023; 102(37): e34585. CrossRef
Prevalence and Genotype of Trichomonas vaginalis among Men in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
Zhenchao Zhang, Yuhui Sang, Pucheng Wu, Yujia Shang, Lesong Li, Yujuan Duan, Linfei Zhao, Minghui Gao, Lihua Guo, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei, Jianbing Mu
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Ik-Hwan Han, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 2. CrossRef
Urogenital Trichomonas vaginalis infection in males: a case report and retrospective analysis of a 10‐year period in a tertiary hospital
Miguel Alpalhão, Luís Marques‐Lito, Paulo Filipe, João Borges‐Costa
International Journal of Dermatology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis among couples in Al-Hamza city-Iraq.
Musafer H. Al-Ardi
Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology.2021; 13(1): 26. CrossRef
Comparison of Seropositivity to Trichomonas vaginalis between Men with Prostatic Tumor and Normal Men
Jung-Hyun Kim, Hong-Sang Moon, Kyu-Shik Kim, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Jae-Sook Ryu, Sung-Yul Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 21. CrossRef
Comparison of Two PCR Assays for Trichomonas vaginalis
Chang-Suk Noh, Sang-Su Kim, Sung-Yul Park, Hong-Sang Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 27. CrossRef
Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437. CrossRef
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women Visiting 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Daegu, South Korea
Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Won-Myung Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(1): 75. CrossRef
Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis
Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61. CrossRef

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Original Article

A New IgG Immunoblot Kit for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women: Imen Khammari, Fatma Saghrouni, Sami Lakhal, Aida Bouratbine, Moncef Ben Said, Jalel Boukadida; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):493-499.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.493

Abstract
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The determination of the accurate immune status of pregnant women is crucial in order to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis. Equivocal results with conventional serological techniques are not uncommon when IgG titers are close to the cut-off value of the test, so that a confirmatory technique is needed. For this purpose, we developed a homemade immunoblot (IB) using soluble extract of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and assessed it by testing 154 positive, 100 negative, and 123 equivocal sera obtained from pregnant women. In order to select the more valuable bands in terms of sensitivity and specificity, we used the Youden Index (YI). The highest YIs were those given by the 32, 36, 98, 21, and 33 bands. The simultaneous presence on the same blot of at least 3 bands showed a much higher YI (0.964) and was adapted as the positivity criterion. The analysis of results showed that our homemade IB correlated well with the commercial LDBIO Toxo II IgG® kit recently recommended as a confirmatory test (96.7% of concordance).

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Advances and Challenges
Priscila Silva Franco, Ana Carolina Morais Oliveira Scussel, Rafaela José Silva, Thadia Evelyn Araújo, Henrique Tomaz Gonzaga, Camila Ferreira Marcon, Joaquim Pedro Brito-de-Sousa, Angélica Lemos Debs Diniz, Marina Carvalho Paschoini, Bellisa Freitas Barb
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Trend in serological and molecular diagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii infection
Min-ju Kim, Soeun J. Park, Hyunwoo Park
European Journal of Medical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Accuracy of LDBIO-Toxo II IgG and IgM Western Blot in Suspected Seroconversion in Pregnancy: A Multicentre Study
Valeria Meroni, Francesca Genco, Luigia Scudeller, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, Coralie L’Ollivier, Luc Paris, Hervé Pelloux
Pathogens.2022; 11(6): 665. CrossRef
Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the commercial test recomLine Toxoplasma IgG immunoblot (Mikrogen) based on recombinant antigens
Vincent Jean-Pierre, Julien Miozzo, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, Cécile Garnaud, Marie Gladys Robert, Hervé Pelloux, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
Parasite.2022; 29: 52. CrossRef
A longitudinal study of Toxoplasma gondii seroconversion on four large Danish sow farms
Abbey Olsen, Lis Alban, Matthew Denwood, Hans Houe, Tina Birk Jensen, Henrik Vedel Nielsen
Veterinary Parasitology.2021; 295: 109460. CrossRef
Performance of seven commercial automated assays for the detection of low levels of anti-Toxoplasma IgG in French immunocompromised patients
Tiphaine Douet, Catherine Armengol, Elena Charpentier, Pamela Chauvin, Sophie Cassaing, Xavier Iriart, Antoine Berry, Judith Fillaux
Parasite.2019; 26: 51. CrossRef
Performance of Zika Assays in the Context of Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus (TORCH) Diagnostic Assays
Bettie Voordouw, Barry Rockx, Thomas Jaenisch, Pieter Fraaij, Philippe Mayaud, Ann Vossen, Marion Koopmans
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Semiquantitative Dot Blot with the GRA8 antigen to differentiate the stages of toxoplasmosis infection
Juan Gabriel Costa, María Julia Vilariño
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Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Luis Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Berumen-Segovia, Jesús Hernández-Tinoco, Yazmin Rico-Almochantaf, Alfredo Cisneros-Camacho, Jorge Cisneros-Martínez
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Carlos Sánchez-Ovejero, Fernando Benito-Lopez, Paula Díez, Adriano Casulli, Mar Siles-Lucas, Manuel Fuentes, Raúl Manzano-Román
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The impact of lowering the cut-off value on the sensitivity of the Platelia Elisa IgG (Bio-Rad) test for toxoplasmosis diagnosis
Oussama Mouri, Eric Kendjo, Feriel Touafek, Arnaud Fekkar, Ousmane Konte, Sebastien Imbert, Régis Courtin, Dominique Mazier, Luc Paris
Parasite.2015; 22: 22. CrossRef

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Mini Review

New Molecules in Babesia gibsoni and Their Application for Diagnosis, Vaccine Development, and Drug Discovery: Youn-Kyoung Goo, Xuenan Xuan; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):345-353.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.345

Abstract
PDF

Babesia gibsoni is an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasite that causes piroplasmosis in dogs. B. gibsoni infection is characterized clinically by fever, regenerative anemia, splenomegaly, and sometimes death. Since no vaccine is available, rapid and accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of infected animals are required to control this disease. Over the past decade, several candidate molecules have been identified using biomolecular techniques in the authors' laboratory for the development of a serodiagnostic method, vaccine, and drug for B. gibsoni. This review article describes newly identified candidate molecules and their applications for diagnosis, vaccine production, and drug development of B. gibsoni.

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Journal of Microbiological Methods.2024; 224: 107009. CrossRef
Phylogenetic analysis of Babesia gibsoni isolates of south India using apical membrane antigen, 50 kDa surface antigen, and 70 kDa heat shock protein genes
Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa, Anju Varghese, Christophe Angeline Felicia Bora, Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar, Lijo John, Muhasin Asaf, Sunanda Chulliparambil, Reghu Ravindran
Experimental Parasitology.2023; 246: 108461. CrossRef
Identification of three members of the multidomain adhesion CCp family in Babesia gibsoni
Hang Li, Shengwei Ji, Eloiza May Galon, Iqra Zafar, Zhuowei Ma, Thom Do, Moaz M. Amer, Yihong Ma, Junya Yamagishi, Mingming Liu, Xuenan Xuan
Acta Tropica.2023; 241: 106890. CrossRef
Babesia gibsoni Whole-Genome Sequencing, Assembling, Annotation, and Comparative Analysis
Qin Liu, Xing-Ai Guan, Dong-Fang Li, Ya-Xin Zheng, Sen Wang, Xue-Nan Xuan, Jun-Long Zhao, Lan He, Jian Li
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of recombinant Babesia gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) for the sero-diagnosis of canine babesiosis
Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa, Anju Varghese, Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar, Ashwathappa Nandini, Gatchanda Shravan Kumar, Prabodh Kumar Hembram, Chemmangattuvalappil Narendranath Dinesh, Sanis Juliet, Jess Vergis, Ollukkara Krishnan Sindhu, Reghu Ravindr
Experimental Parasitology.2023; 254: 108621. CrossRef
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Mingming Liu, Ikuo Igarashi, Xuenan Xuan
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Abdelfattah Selim, Ameer Megahed, Mourad Ben Said, Abdullah D. Alanazi, Mohamed Z. Sayed-Ahmed
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Establishment and Application of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measuring GPI-Anchored Protein 52 (P52) Antibodies in Babesia gibsoni-Infected Dogs
Qin Liu, Xueyan Zhan, Dongfang Li, Junlong Zhao, Haiyong Wei, Heba Alzan, Lan He
Animals.2022; 12(9): 1197. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Six Natural Product Extracts against Babesia gibsoni in Vitro and in Vivo
Xiaohu Zhai, Lingxu Li, Peihao Zhang, Yiwen Guo, Huaide Jiang, Weihua He, Yanyan Li, Bin Zhang, Dawei Yao
Journal of Parasitology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Shengwei Ji, Mingming Liu, Eloiza May Galon, Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Jixu Li, Yongchang Li, Iqra Zafar, Ikuo Igarashi, Xuenan Xuan
Parasitology International.2021; 85: 102437. CrossRef
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Wuren Ma, Huan Tang, Yu Zhou, Guanghui Zhao, Yunpeng Fan, Xiaoping Song, Junke Song
Journal of Parasitology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Closing the empty anti-Babesia gibsoni drug pipeline in vitro using fluorescence-based high throughput screening assay
Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Shengwei Ji, Mingming Liu, Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Yongchang Li, Benedicto Byamukama, Aaron Edmond Ringo, Xuenan Xuan, Ikuo Igarashi
Parasitology International.2020; 75: 102054. CrossRef
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Naseir Mohammed Badawi, Afaf Abdulrahman Yousif
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Naseir M. Badawi, Afaf A. Yousif
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Caroline D. Keroack, Brendan Elsworth, Manoj T. Duraisingh
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Transient transfection of intraerythrocytic Babesia gibsoni using elongation factor-1 alpha promoter
Mingming Liu, Masahito Asada, Shinuo Cao, Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni, Patrick Vudriko, Artemis Efstratiou, Hassan Hakimi, Tatsunori Masatani, Fujiko Sunaga, Shin-ichiro Kawazu, Junya Yamagishi, Xuenan Xuan
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Case Reports

A Case of Fasciola hepatica Infection Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma and ITS-1 Sequencing of the Worm: Bong Kyun Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyeom Hwang, Hyemi Lim, Jaeeun Cho, Jin-Hyeok Hwang, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):193-196.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.193

Abstract
PDF

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. We report an 87-year-old Korean male patient with postprandial abdominal pain and discomfort due to F. hepatica infection who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with extraction of 2 worms. At his first visit to the hospital, a gallbladder stone was suspected. CT and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an intraductal mass in the common bile duct (CBD) without proximal duct dilatation. Based on radiological findings, the presumed diagnosis was intraductal cholangiocarcinoma. However, in ERCP which was performed for biliary decompression and tissue diagnosis, movable materials were detected in the CBD. Using a basket, 2 living leaf-like parasites were removed. The worms were morphologically compatible with F. hepatica. To rule out the possibility of the worms to be another morphologically close species, in particular F. gigantica, 1 specimen was processed for genetic analysis of its ITS-1 region. The results showed that the present worms were genetically identical (100%) with F. hepatica but different from F. gigantica.

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Mi Jin Jeong, Jae Kyun Park, Hak Sun Yu
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Hyun Joon Park, Gil-Soon Choi, Minjung Jung, Sang Uk Lee
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Nuno Vale, Maria João Gouveia, Fátima Gärtner, Paul J Brindley
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Hüseyin KAÇMAZ, Elif Tuğba TUNCEL, Berat EBİK, Feyzullah UÇMAK, Muhsin KAYA, Kendal YALÇIN
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Alexander M. Bronshteyn, N. A Malyshev, L. V Fedianina, I. V Davydova
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In-Wook Choi, Hwang-Yong Kim, Juan-Hua Quan, Jae-Gee Ryu, Rubing Sun, Young-Ha Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(5): 641. CrossRef
Endoscopic Extraction of Biliary Fascioliasis Diagnosed Using Intraductal Ultrasonography in a Patient with Acute Cholangitis
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 645. CrossRef

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Four Cases of Taenia saginata Infection with an Analysis of COX1 Gene: Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Lim, Min-Jae Kim, Thanapon Yooyen, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):79-83.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.79

Abstract
PDF

Human taeniases had been not uncommon in the Republic of Korea (=Korea) until the 1980s. The prevalence decreased and a national survey in 2004 revealed no Taenia egg positive cases. However, a subsequent national survey in 2012 showed 0.04% (10 cases) prevalence of Taenia spp. eggs suggesting its resurgence in Korea. We recently encountered 4 cases of Taenia saginata infection who had symptoms of taeniasis that included discharge of proglottids. We obtained several proglottids from each case. Because the morphological features of T. saginata are almost indistinguishable from those of Taenia asiatica, molecular analyses using the PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) were performed to identify the species. The PCR-RFLP patterns of all of the 4 specimens were consistent with T. saginata, and the cox1 gene sequence showed 99.8-100% identity with that of T. saginata reported previously from Korea, Japan, China, and Cambodia. All of the 4 patients had the history of travel abroad but its relation with contracting taeniasis was unclear. Our findings may suggest resurgence of T. saginata infection among people in Korea.

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Eun Jeong Won, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Mi-Seon Kim, Hyun-Seung Kim, Keon Hoon Lee, Min-Jae Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Jong Hee Shin, Soon-Pal Suh, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Jong-Yil Chai
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Sameh Abuseir, Sabine Schicht, Andrea Springer, Uschi Nagel-Kohl, Christina Strube
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Hai-Wei Wu, Akira Ito, Lin Ai, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Luz P. Acosta, Arve Lee Willingham III
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Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2017; 89(3): 185. CrossRef

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Original Article

Diagnostic Efficacy of a Recombinant Cysteine Protease of Spirometra erinacei Larvae for Serodiagnosis of Sparganosis: S.M. Mazidur Rahman, Jae-Hwan Kim, Sung-Tae Hong, Min-Ho Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):41-46.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.41

Abstract
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The mature domain of a cysteine protease of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid larva (i.e., sparganum) was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its value as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis was investigated. The recombinant protein (rSepCp-1) has the molecular weight of 23.4 kDa, and strongly reacted with the sparganum positive human or mice sera but not with negative sera by immunoblotting. ELISA with rSepCp-1 protein or sparganum crude antigen (SeC) was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis using patient's sera. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA using rSepCp-1 protein were 95.0% (19/20) and 99.1% (111/112), respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with SeC were 100% (20/20) and 96.4% (108/112), respectively. Moreover, in experimentally infected mice, the sensitivity and specificity of both ELISA assays were 100% for the detection of anti-sparganum IgG. It is suggested that the rSepCp-1 protein-based ELISA could provide a highly sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of sparganosis.

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Jitaporn Harasan, Lakkhana Sadaow, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
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Establishment of Animal Infection Model of Spirometra Mansoni and Identification of Spirometra Mansoni by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Case Report: Moving Tumor-Like Foci Behind Refractory Epilepsy-Cerebral Sparganosis Successfully Treated by Surgery After Failure of Praziquantel Treatment
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Standardization of recombinant Ancylostoma caninum cysteine protease 2 (rAcCP2) based indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis of hookworm infection in dogs
SUCHITA P UKE, RAJAT GARG, SHAFIYA IMTIAZ RAFIQI, HIRA RAM, K L KHURANA, P S BANERJEE
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences.2018; 88(2): 153. CrossRef
Molecular Identification of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Tapeworm in Cases of Human Sparganosis, Hong Kong
Tommy H.C. Tang, Samson S.Y. Wong, Christopher K.C. Lai, Rosana W.S. Poon, Helen S.Y. Chan, Tak Chiu Wu, Yuk-Fai Cheung, Tak-Lap Poon, Yi-Po Tsang, Wai-Lun Tang, Alan K.L. Wu
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2017; 23(4): 665. CrossRef
Serodiagnosis of sparganosis by ELISA using recombinant cysteine protease of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana
Li Na Liu, Xi Zhang, Peng Jiang, Ruo Dan Liu, Jian Zhou, Rui Zhe He, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(2): 753. CrossRef
Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis
Quan Liu, Ming-Wei Li, Ze-Dong Wang, Guang-Hui Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2015; 15(10): 1226. CrossRef
Clinical Features of Pulmonary Sparganosis
Ning Li, Yi Xiang, Yun Feng, Min Li, Bei Li Gao, Qing Yun Li
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2015; 350(6): 436. CrossRef
Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid Cysteine Protease and Potential Application for Serodiagnosis of Sparganosis
Li Na Liu, Zhong Quan Wang, Xi Zhang, Peng Jiang, Xin Qi, Ruo Dan Liu, Zi Fang Zhang, Jing Cui, Xiao-Nong Zhou
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2015; 9(6): e0003807. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of a Spirometra mansoni antigenic polypeptide gene encoding a 28.7 kDa protein
Jing Cui, Tong Wei, Li Na Liu, Xi Zhang, Xin Qi, Zi Fang Zhang, Zhong Quan Wang
Parasitology Research.2014; 113(9): 3511. CrossRef
Development of a Rapid Diagnostic Kit That Uses an Immunochromatographic Device To Detect Antibodies in Human Sparganosis
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Takeshi Nakamura, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hiromu Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Kaoru Kobayashi, Katsuyoshi Takayama, Yukuharu Kobayashi, P. P. Wilkins
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2014; 21(9): 1360. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Evaluation of IgG4 Subclass Antibody Detection by Peptide-Based ELISA for the Diagnosis of Human Paragonimiasis Heterotrema: Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Nimit Morakote, Yoon Kong, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):763-766.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.763

Abstract
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A synthetic peptide was prepared based on the antigenic region of Paragonimus westermani pre-procathepsin L, and its applicability for immunodiagnosis for human paragonimiasis (due to Paragonimus heterotremus) was tested using an ELISA to detect IgG4 antibodies in the sera of patients. Sera from other helminthiases, tuberculosis, and healthy volunteers were used as the references. This peptide-based assay system gave sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 94.6%, 96.2%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Cross reactivity was frequently seen against the sera of fascioliasis (75%) and hookworm infections (50%). Since differential diagnosis between paragonimiasis and fascioliasis can be easily done by clinical presentation and fascioliasis serology, this cross reaction is not a serious problem. Sera from patients with other parasitoses (0-25%) rarely responded to this synthetic antigen. This synthetic peptide antigen seems to be useful for development of a standardized diagnostic system for paragonimiasis.

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An immunochromatographic test using whole blood for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis and its diagnostic usefulness
Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, Penchom Janwan, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2024; 37: e00246. CrossRef
Development of point-of-care testing tool using immunochromatography for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis
Lakkhana Sadaow, Oranuch Sanpool, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105325. CrossRef
Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Asia: An update
Ayako Yoshida, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Haruhiko Maruyama
Acta Tropica.2019; 199: 105074. CrossRef
A Case of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis with Chronic Abdominal Pain and Erythematous Rash in a 6-year-old Girl
Ju Young Kim, Min Kyu Park, Yong Ju Lee, Sun Huh, Ky Young Cho
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine.2018; 25(1): 54. CrossRef
A tool for mass-screening of paragonimiasis: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with urine samples
Xu Guang Qiu, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Yukifumi Nawa, Makoto Itoh
Tropical Medicine and Health.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression characteristics and specific antibody reactivity of diverse cathepsin F members of Paragonimus westermani
Chun-Seob Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Dong-ll Chung, Jeong-Geun Kim, Jin-Taek Kim, Yoon Kong
Parasitology International.2015; 64(1): 37. CrossRef
North American paragonimiasis: epidemiology and diagnostic strategies
Peter U Fischer, Gary J Weil
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2015; 13(6): 779. CrossRef

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Modified Formalin-Ether Concentration Technique for Diagnosis of Human Strongyloidiasis: Witthaya Anamnart, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):743-745.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.743

Abstract
PDF

We compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalin-ether concentration technique (M-FECT) to the conventional FECT (C-FECT) and the agar plate culture (APC) method for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. For this purpose, we used 600 human fecal specimens collected in an endemic area of southern Thailand. In the M-FECT, we used 2 layers of wire meshes, instead of gauze, to avoid the loss by absorption/adhesion of larvae to the gauze during filtration, and we reduced the exposure time of S. stercoralis larvae in stool samples to formalin. By such simple modifications, the efficacy of M-FECT has become comparable to APC and was much better than that of C-FECT for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis.

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Strongyloidiasis
Catherine A. Gordon, Jürg Utzinger, Stephen Muhi, Sören L. Becker, Jennifer Keiser, Virak Khieu, Darren J. Gray
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Isabel Fradejas, J M Herrero-Martínez, Manuel Lizasoaín, Esperanza Rodríguez de las Parras, Ana Pérez-Ayala
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Jennifer K. Ketzis
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Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2015; 21(6): 543. CrossRef

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Serological and Molecular Characteristics of the First Korean Case of Echinococcus multilocularis: Jin-Sook Jeong, Sang-Young Han, Young-Hoon Kim, Yasuhito Sako, Tetsuya Yanagida, Akira Ito, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):595-597.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.595

Abstract
PDF

In December 2011, we reported an autochthonous case of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in a 42-year-old woman in Korea. The diagnosis was based on histopathological findings of the surgically resected liver cyst. In the present study, we evaluated the serological and molecular characteristics of this Korean E. multilocularis case. The patient's serum strongly reacted with affinity-purified native Em18 and recombinant Em18 antigens (specific for E. multilocularis) but negative for recombinant antigen B8/1 (reactive for Echinococcus granulosus). In immunoaffinity chromatography, the serum also strongly reacted with E. multilocularis and only weakly positive for E. granulosus. We determined the whole nucleotide sequence of cox1 (1,608 bp) using the paraffin-embedded cystic tissue which was compared with E. multilocularis isolates from China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Austria, France, and Slovakia. The Korean case showed 99.8-99.9% similarity with isolates from Asia (the highest similarity with an isolate from Sichuan, China), whereas the similarity with European isolates ranged from 99.5 to 99.6%.

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Worldwide literature on epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis: a systematic review of research published in the twenty-first century
Sven Baumann, Rong Shi, Wenya Liu, Haihua Bao, Julian Schmidberger, Wolfgang Kratzer, Weixia Li, Thomas F. E. Barth, Sven Baumann, Johannes Bloehdorn, Iris Fischer, Tilmann Graeter, Natalja Graf, Beate Gruener, Doris Henne-Bruns, Andreas Hillenbrand, Tanj
Infection.2019; 47(5): 703. CrossRef
Lasiopodomys fuscus as an important intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis: isolation and phylogenetic identification of the parasite
Qi-Gang Cai, Xiu-Min Han, Yong-Hai Yang, Xue-Yong Zhang, Li-Qing Ma, Panagiotis Karanis, Yong-Hao Hu
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of the global pattern of genetic diversity in Echinococcus multilocularis inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences
Adel Spotin, Belgees Boufana, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Adriano Casulli, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Soheila Rouhani, Amirreza Javadi-Mamaghani, Firooz Shahrivar, Paria Khoshakhlagh
Veterinary Parasitology.2018; 262: 30. CrossRef
The echinococcoses in Asia: The present situation
Akira Ito, Christine M. Budke
Acta Tropica.2017; 176: 11. CrossRef

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Case Report

Molecular Diagnosis of an Ocular Toxocariasis Patient in Vietnam: Nguyen Van De, Nguyen Vu Trung, Le Van Duyet, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):563-567.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.563

Abstract
PDF

An ocular Toxocara canis infection is reported for the first time in Vietnam. A 34-year-old man residing in a village of Son La Province, North Vietnam, visited the National Eye Hospital (NEH) in August 2011. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and loss of vision occurred over 3 months before visiting the hospital. The eye examination in the hospital showed damage of the left eye, red eye, retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, inflammation of the eye tissues, retinal granulomas, and a parasitic cyst inside. A larva of Toxocara was collected with the cyst by a medical doctor by surgery. Comparison of 264 nucleotides of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was done between our Vietnamese Toxocara canis and other Toxocara geographical isolates, including Chinese T. canis, Japanese T. canis, Sri Lankan T. canis, and Iranian T. canis. The nucleotide homology was 97-99%, when our T. canis was compared with geographical isolates. Identification of a T. canis infection in the eye by a molecular method was performed for the first time in Vietnam.

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Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana, Alba Cristina Espinosa-Nuñez, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
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An Integrated Coproscopic and Molecular Method Provides Insights into the Epidemiology of Zoonotic Intestinal Helminths of Dogs across Cambodia
Patsy A. Zendejas-Heredia, Vito Colella, Lucas G. Huggins, Roland Schaper, Bettina Schunack, Rebecca J. Traub, Long-Xian Zhang
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Hung Manh Nguyen, Dung Trung Do, Stephen E. Greiman, Ha Van Nguyen, Hien Van Hoang, Toan Quoc Phan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Henry Madsen
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106753. CrossRef
A delayed diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis presenting as total monocular retinal detachment in an immunocompetent 57-year-old male
George W. Jowsey, Gavin X. McLeod
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Amira Dewair, Mohamed Bessat, Jacopo Guccione
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Jia Chen, Quan Liu, Guo-Hua Liu, Wen-Bin Zheng, Sung-Jong Hong, Hiromu Sugiyama, Xing-Quan Zhu, Hany M. Elsheikha
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Toxocara canis DNA in tissues of experimentally infected mice
Micaele Quintana de Moura, Marcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo, Wesley Douglas da Silva Terto, Luciana Farias da Costa Avila, Fabio Pereira Leivas Leite, Carlos James Scaini, Natália Berne Pinto, Gabriela de Almeida Capella, Adriane Leites Strothmann, Marcos
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Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Toxocara infection using a rat model
Vachel Gay V. Paller, Cyrelle M. Besana, Isabel Kristine M. Valdez
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2017; 41(4): 933. CrossRef
Levels of Toxocara infections in dogs and cats from urban Vietnam together with associated risk factors for transmission
N. Thi Lan Anh, D. Thi Thu Thuy, D. Huu Hoan, N. Thi Hop, D. Trung Dung
Journal of Helminthology.2016; 90(4): 508. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of fascioliasis, toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis and cysticercosis in blood samples diagnosed in Medic Medical Center Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2012
Toan Nguyen, Fei Wen Cheong, Jonathan Wee Kent Liew, Yee Ling Lau
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in human toxocariasis
P.K.C. Lim, H. Yamasaki, J.W. Mak, S.F. Wong, C.W. Chong, I.K.S. Yap, S. Ambu, V. Kumarasamy
Acta Tropica.2015; 148: 32. CrossRef

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Original Article

A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Toxoplasmosis using Recombinant Antigenic N-terminal Half of SAG1 Linked with Intrinsically Unstructured Domain of GRA2 Protein: Kyoung Ju Song, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Jin-Soo Kim, Kyung Chan Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):503-510.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.503

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with a broad host range of most warm-blooded mammals including humans, of which one-thirds of the human population has been infected worldwide which can cause congenital defects, abortion, and neonatal complications. Here, we developed a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for T. gondii infection. Antigenic N-terminal half of the major surface antigen (SAG1) was linked with intrinsically unstructured domain (IUD) of dense granule protein 2 (GRA2). The recombinant GST-GRA2-SAG1A protein was successfully expressed and purified as 51 kDa of molecular weight. Furthermore, antigenicity and solubility of the rGST-GRA2-SAG1A protein were significantly increased. The overall specificity and sensitivity of GST-GRA2-SAG1A loaded RDT (TgRDT) were estimated as 100% and 97.1% by comparing with ELISA result which uses T. gondii whole cell lysates as the antigen. The TgRDT tested with Uganda people sera for field trial and showed 31.9% of seroprevalence against T. gondii antibody. The TgRDT is proved to be a kit for rapid and easy to use with high accuracy, which would be a suitable serodiagnostic tool for toxoplasmosis.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 247. CrossRef
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Brief Communication

IgG Western Blot for Confirmatory Diagnosis of Equivocal Cases of Toxoplasmosis by EIA-IgG and Fluorescent Antibody Test: Imen Khammari, Fatma Saghrouni, Alia Yaacoub, Sondoss Gaied Meksi, Hinda Ach, Lamia Garma, Akila Fathallah, Moncef Ben Sa?d; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):485-488.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.485

Abstract
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The performance values of available techniques used in serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis are satisfactory but they raise problems of equivocal and discordant results for very low IgG titers. Recently marketed, LDBio-Toxo II IgG Western blot (IB) showed an excellent correlation with the dye test. We estimated the proportion of equivocal and discordant results between the enzyme immunoassay Platelia Toxo IgG (EIA-IgG) and fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and assessed the usefulness of the IB as a confirmatory test. Out of 2,136 sera collected from pregnant women, 1,644 (77.0%) tested unequivocally positive and 407 (19.0%) were negative in both EIA-IgG and FAT. The remaining 85 (4%) sera showed equivocal or discordant results. Among them, 73 (85.9%) were positive and 12 (14.1%) were negative in IB. Forty-one (89.1%) equivocal sera in EIA-IgG and 46 (86.8%) equivocal sera in FAT were positive in IB. Reducing the cut-off values of both screening techniques improved significantly their sensitivity in detecting very low IgG titers at the expense of their specificity. In conclusion, equivocal results in routine-used techniques and their discordance in determination of the immune status in pregnancy women were not uncommon. IB test appeard to be highly useful in these situations as a confirmatory technique.

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Advances and Challenges
Priscila Silva Franco, Ana Carolina Morais Oliveira Scussel, Rafaela José Silva, Thadia Evelyn Araújo, Henrique Tomaz Gonzaga, Camila Ferreira Marcon, Joaquim Pedro Brito-de-Sousa, Angélica Lemos Debs Diniz, Marina Carvalho Paschoini, Bellisa Freitas Barb
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Current Approaches and New Insights
Alfredo Márquez-Mauricio, Heriberto Caballero-Ortega, Fernando Gómez-Chávez
Acta Parasitologica.2023; 68(3): 473. CrossRef
Performances of ICT Toxoplasma IgG-IgM test in comparison with Vidas® toxo competition to determine the immune status against Toxoplasma gondii
Sylvie Abraham, Raphael Piarroux, Ying Zhou, Vera Tesic, Ana Abeleda, Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh, Pascale Nicaise-Rolland, Luce Landraud, Rima McLeod, Sandrine Houzé
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2023; 42(11): 1327. CrossRef
Determination of an optimal ELISA cut-off for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs using Bayesian latent class modelling of data from multiple diagnostic tests
Abbey Olsen, Henrik Vedel Nielsen, Lis Alban, Hans Houe, Tina Birk Jensen, Matthew Denwood
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2022; 201: 105606. CrossRef
Diagnostic Accuracy of LDBIO-Toxo II IgG and IgM Western Blot in Suspected Seroconversion in Pregnancy: A Multicentre Study
Valeria Meroni, Francesca Genco, Luigia Scudeller, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, Coralie L’Ollivier, Luc Paris, Hervé Pelloux
Pathogens.2022; 11(6): 665. CrossRef
Difficultés d’interprétation de la sérologie toxoplasmose
Luc Paris, Sandrine Houzé
Revue Francophone des Laboratoires.2022; 2022(545): 33. CrossRef
Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the commercial test recomLine Toxoplasma IgG immunoblot (Mikrogen) based on recombinant antigens
Vincent Jean-Pierre, Julien Miozzo, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, Cécile Garnaud, Marie Gladys Robert, Hervé Pelloux, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
Parasite.2022; 29: 52. CrossRef
Contribution of the Toxoplasma ICT IgG IgM® test in determining the immune status of pregnant women against toxoplasmosis
Ben‐Abdallah Rym, Kalboussi Yasmine, Bellali Hedia, Issaoui Nesrine, Souissi Olfa, Maatoug Rania, Aoun Karim, Bouratbine Aïda
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Evaluating the “Recomline Toxoplasma IgM” Kit for Differentiating Toxoplasmic and Natural IgM
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Case Reports

A Case of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection as Confirmed by Mitochondrial COX1 Gene Sequence Analysis: Sang Hyun Park, Keeseon S. Eom, Min Sun Park, Oh Kyoung Kwon, Hyo Sun Kim, Jai Hoon Yoon; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):471-473.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.471

Abstract
PDF

Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense has been reported in Korea as Diphyllobothrium latum because of their close morphologic resemblance. We have identified a human case of D. nihonkaiense infection using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene sequence analysis. On 18 February 2012, a patient who had consumed raw fish a month earlier visited our outpatient clinic with a long tapeworm parasite excreted in the feces. The body of the segmented worm was 2 m long and divided into the scolex (head) and proglottids. It was morphologically close to D. nihonkaiense and D. latum. The cox1 gene analysis showed 99.4% (340/342 bp) homology with D. nihonkaiense but only 91.8% (314/342 bp) homology with D. latum. The present study suggested that the Diphyllobothrium spp. infection in Korea should be analyzed with specific DNA sequence for an accurate species identification.

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Dietary footprints of a global parasite: diagnosing Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis in non-endemic regions
Wilson G.W. Goh, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Gabriel Z.R. Yan, Yuan Yi Constance Chen, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Lionel H.W. Lum
Gut Pathogens.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense: wide egg size variation in 32 molecularly confirmed adult specimens from Korea
Seoyun Choi, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Deok-Gyu Kim, Sarah Jiyoun Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(6): 2129. CrossRef
Three Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Korea
Hong-Ja Kim, Keeseon S. Eom, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 673. CrossRef
Extracorporeal Worm Extraction of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense with Amidotrizoic Acid in a Child
Hye Kyung Shin, Joo-Hyung Roh, Jae-Won Oh, Jae-Sook Ryu, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yong Joo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 677. CrossRef
Two Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Korea
Su-Min Song, Hye-Won Yang, Min Kyu Jung, Jun Heo, Chang Min Cho, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 197. CrossRef
Parasitic Infections Based on 320 Clinical Samples Submitted to Hanyang University, Korea (2004-2011)
Sung-Chul Choi, Soo-Young Lee, Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Myoung-Hee Ahn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 215. CrossRef

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Cutaneous Gnathostomiasis with Recurrent Migratory Nodule and Persistent Eosinophilia: a Case Report from China: Jing Cui, Ye Wang, Zhong Quan Wang; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):467-470.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.467

Abstract
PDF

The present study reports a human case of cutaneous gnathostomiasis with recurrent migratory nodule and persistent eosinophilia in China. A 52-year-old woman from Henan Province, central China, presented with recurrent migratory reddish swelling and subcutaneous nodule in the left upper arm and on the back for 3 months. Blood examination showed eosinophila (21.2%), and anti-sparganum antibodies were positive. Skin biopsy of the lesion and histopathological examinations revealed dermal infiltrates of eosinophils but did not show any parasites. Thus, the patient was first diagnosed as sparganosis; however, new migratory swellings occurred after treatment with praziquantel for 3 days. On further inquiring, she recalled having eaten undercooked eels and specific antibodies to the larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum were detected. The patient was definitely diagnosed as cutaneous gnathostomiasis caused by Gnathostoma sp. and treated with albendazole (1,000 mg/day) for 15 days, and the subsequent papule and blister developed after the treatment. After 1 month, laboratory findings indicated a reduced eosinophil count (3.3%). At her final follow-up 18 months later, the patient had no further symptoms and anti-Gnathostoma antibodies became negative. Conclusively, the present study is the first report on a human case of cutaneous gnathostomiasis in Henan Province, China, based on the past history (eating undercooked eels), clinical manifestations (migratory subcutaneous nodule and persistent eosinophilia), and a serological finding (positive for specific anti-Gnathostoma antibodies).

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Original Article

Serodiagnosis of Toxocariasis by ELISA Using Crude Antigen of Toxocara canis Larvae: Yan Jin, Chenghua Shen, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):433-439.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.433

Abstract
PDF

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.

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Clinical Features and Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Young-Hoon Park, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):393-399.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.393

Abstract
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Ocular toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the infection with Toxoplasma gondii through congenital or acquired routes. Once the parasite reaches the retina, it proliferates within host cells followed by rupture of the host cells and invasion into neighboring cells to make primary lesions. Sometimes the restricted parasite by the host immunity in the first scar is activated to infect another lesion nearby the scar. Blurred vision is the main complaint of ocular toxoplasmic patients and can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies or parasite DNA. Ocular toxoplasmosis needs therapy with several combinations of drugs to eliminate the parasite and accompanying inflammation; if not treated it sometimes leads to loss of vision. We describe here clinical features and currently available chemotherapy of ocular toxoplasmosis.

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Original Article

Serodiagnosis of Echinococcosis by ELISA Using Cystic Fluid from Uzbekistan Sheep: Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Samin Hong, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):313-317.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.313

Abstract
PDF

According to increase of travel, the cases of imported echinococcosis have been increasing in Korea. The present study was undertaken to develop a serodiagnostic system for echinococcosis in Korea. For diagnosis of echinococcosis, the fluid of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts was collected from naturally infected sheep in Uzbekistan. Also serum samples of infected patients who were surgically confirmed were collected in a hospital in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. According to the absorbance of 59 echinococcosis positive and 39 negative control serum samples, the cut-off value was determined as 0.27. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with hydatid fluid antigen were 91.5% and 96%, respectively. The antigen cross-reacted with the serum of some cysticercosis or clonorchiasis patients. However, immunoblot analysis on the cystic fluid recognized antigenic proteins of 7-, 16-, and 24-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. In conclusion, the present ELISA system using hydatid cyst fluid antigen from Uzbekistan sheep is sensitive and specific for diagnosis of echinococcosis cases.

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

Molecular Approaches to Taenia asiatica: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):1-8.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.

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Brief Communications

Production and Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant GRA7 for Serodiagnosis of Human Infections: Mina Selseleh, Hossein Keshavarz, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Fatemeh Mansouri, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):233-238.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.233

Abstract
PDF

The precise diagnosis of the acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and immunocompromsied patients has critical importance. Most of the commercially available assays use the whole Toxoplasma soluble extract as the antigen. However, the assays currently available for the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may vary in their abilities to detect serum immunoglobulins, due to the lack of a purified standardized antigen. The aim of this study was production and evaluation of the usefulness of the recombinant Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 antigen for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG by ELISA. A total of 70 T. gondii IgM positive sera, 74 T. gondii IgG positive sera, and 60 sera from subjects who were not infected with T. gondii were examined. These sera were shown different absorbance values in ELISA test. To control the specificity of the rGRA7 other parasitic diseases, for example, echinococcosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, fascioliasis, and strongyloidiasis were tested of which none showed positive results. Sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgG ELISA in comparison with commercial ELISA (com ELISA) were 89% and 90%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgM ELISA were 96% and 90%, respectively. The results obtained here show that this antigen is useful for diagnostic purposes.

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European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2018; 37(8): 1421. CrossRef
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Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(11): 909. CrossRef
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Chul-Su Yang, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee, Eun-Kyeong Jo, J. H. Adams
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Zedong Wang, Wei Ge, Jiping Li, Mingxing Song, Hongchao Sun, Feng Wei, Quan Liu
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PCR Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica Cysts in Stool Samples: Joung-Ho Moon, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jae-Ran Yu, Won-Ja Lee, Hyeng-Il Cheun; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):281-284.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.281

Abstract
PDF

Amebiasis is a protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica and a potential health threat in areas where sanitation and hygiene are inappropriate. Highly sensitive PCR methods for detection of E. histolytica in clinical and environmental samples are extremely useful to control amebiasis and to promote public health. The present study compared several primer sets for small subunit (SSU) rDNA and histone genes of E. histolytica cysts. A 246 bp of the SSU rDNA gene of pure cysts contained in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in stool samples was successfully amplified by nested PCR, using the 1,147-246 bp primer set, of the primary PCR products which were pre-amplified using the 1,147 bp primer as the template. The detection limit of the nested PCR using the 1,147-246 primer set was 10 cysts in both groups (PBS and stool samples). The PCR to detect histone gene showed negative results. We propose that the nested PCR technique to detect SSU rDNA can be used as a highly sensitive genetic method to detect E. histolytica cysts in stool samples.

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Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos, Luci Ana Fernandes Martins, Regina Helena Saramago Peralta, José Mauro Peralta, Heloisa Werneck de Macedo
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2014; 47(1): 101. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Serodiagnostic Test for Toxoplasmosis of Cats Using Recombinant SAG1 Antigen: Chom-Kyu Chong, Wooseog Jeong, Hak-Yong Kim, Dong-Jun An, Hye-Young Jeoung, Jeong-Eun Ryu, A-Ra Ko, Yong-Joo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Zhaoshou Yang, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):207-212.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.207

Abstract
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Rapid serodiagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats are urgently needed for effective control of transmission routes toward human infections. In this work, 4 recombinant T. gondii antigens (SAG1, SAG2, GRA3, and GRA6) were produced and tested for the development of rapid diagnostic test (RDT). The proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, affinity-purified, and applied onto the nitrocellulose membrane of the test strip. The recombinant SAG1 (rSAG1) showed the strongest antigenic activity and highest specificity among them. We also performed clinical evaluation of the rSAG1-loaded RDT in 182 cat sera (55 household and 127 stray cats). The kit showed 0.88 of kappa value comparing with a commercialized ELISA kit, which indicated a significant correlation between rSAG1-loaded RDT and the ELISA kit. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RDT were 100% (23/23) and 99.4% (158/159), respectively. The rSAG1-loaded RDT is rapid, easy to use, and highly accurate. Thus, it would be a suitable diagnostic tool for rapid detection of antibodies in T. gondii-infected cats under field conditions.

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Benedikt T. Fabian, Fatima Hedar, Martin Koethe, Berit Bangoura, Pavlo Maksimov, Franz J. Conraths, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Frank Seeber, Gereon Schares
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Leandro E. Peretti, Verónica D.G. Gonzalez, Iván S. Marcipar, Luis M. Gugliotta
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Kyoung Ju Song, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Jin-Soo Kim, Kyung Chan Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(5): 503. CrossRef
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Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostics for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Mae Sot Malaria Endemic Area, Thailand: Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Thanee Wongchai, Ronnatrai Ruangweerayut, Kesara Na-Bangchang; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):33-38.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.33

Abstract
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Prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria is the key to prevent disease morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic performance of 3 commercial rapid detection tests (RDTs), i.e., Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™, Malaria Ag-Pf™, and Malaria Ag-Pv™ tests, in comparison with the microscopic and PCR methods. A total of 460 blood samples microscopically positive for Plasmodium falciparum (211 samples), P. vivax (218), mixed with P. falciparum and P. vivax (30), or P. ovale (1), and 124 samples of healthy subjects or patients with other fever-related infections, were collected. The sensitivities of Malaria Ag-Pf™ and Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™ compared with the microscopic method for P. falciparum or P. vivax detection were 97.6% and 99.0%, or 98.6% and 99.0%, respectively. The specificities of Malaria Ag-Pf™, Malaria Ag-Pv™, and Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™ were 93.3%, 98.8%, and 94.4%, respectively. The sensitivities of Malaria Ag-Pf™, Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™, and microscopic method, when PCR was used as a reference method for P. falciparum or P. vivax detection were 91.8%, 100%, and 96.7%, or 91.9%, 92.6%, and 97.3%, respectively. The specificities of Malaria Ag-Pf™, Malaria Ag-Pv™, Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™, and microscopic method were 66.2%, 92.7%, 73.9%, and 78.2%, respectively. Results indicated that the diagnostic performances of all the commercial RDTs are satisfactory for application to malaria diagnosis.

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Multiplexed quantitative proteomics provides mechanistic cues for malaria severity and complexity
Vipin Kumar, Sandipan Ray, Shalini Aggarwal, Deeptarup Biswas, Manali Jadhav, Radha Yadav, Sanjeev V. Sabnis, Soumaditya Banerjee, Arunansu Talukdar, Sanjay K. Kochar, Suvin Shetty, Kunal Sehgal, Swati Patankar, Sanjeeva Srivastava
Communications Biology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE SD BIOLINE MALARIA ANTIGEN AG PF/PAN TEST (05FK60) IN A MALARIA ENDEMIC AREA OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Endale TADESSE, Bereket WORKALEMAHU, Techalew SHIMELIS
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological aspects of vivax and falciparum malaria: global spectrum
Shyamapada Mandal
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2014; 4: S13. CrossRef
Nested-PCR and a New ELISA-Based NovaLisa Test Kit for Malaria Diagnosis in an Endemic Area of Thailand
Pimwan Thongdee, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Jiraporn Kuesap, Kesara Na-Bangchang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(4): 377. CrossRef
Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated non-falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries
Katharine Abba, Amanda J Kirkham, Piero L Olliaro, Jonathan J Deeks, Sarah Donegan, Paul Garner, Yemisi Takwoingi
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Evaluation of Two ELISA and Two Indirect Hemagglutination Tests for Serodiagnosis of Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: Fatma Nur Eris, Ciler Akisu, Umit Aksoy; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):427-429.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.427

Abstract
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To establish a definite diagnosis for pulmonary hydatid disease, combination of radiology and serology is useful. In this study, 19 preoperative sera from patients with surgically confirmed pulmonary hydatidosis, 40 sera from patients with other parasitosis and pulmonary diseases, and 20 sera from healthy donors were evaluated using 4 different serological tests, i.e., the commercial ELISA (ELISA-kit) test, the ELISA (ELISA-lab) test prepared in our laboratory, the commercial indirect hemagglutination assay kit (IHA-kit) test, and the IHA test using sensitized sheep red blood cells with tannic acid (IHA-TA). The ELISA-kit was the most sensitive (84.2%) and the most specific test (100.0%). The ELISA-kit also demonstrated the highest positive (100.0%) and negative (95.2%) predictive values. The sensitivity of the ELISA-lab test, that we prepared, was found to be 73.6%, whereas the IHA-kit test and the IHA-TA test were found to be 73.6% and 68.4%, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 96.6%, 98.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. When all 4 tests were assessed together, it was found that the sensitivity had risen to 94.7%. When the ELISA-kit was assessed with the IHA-kit and IHA-TA together, it was found that the sensitivity was 89.5% and 84.2%, respectively. Likewise, the combination of the ELISA-lab and IHA-kit or IHA-TA allowed us to achieve a sensitivity of 84.2% in cases of pulmonary echinococcosis. In conclusion, the diagnosis would be imminent if least 2 tests were applied together.

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Fatmir Caushi, Eritjan Tashi, Arben Tanka, Arian Mezini, Valbona Gjoni, Ilir Skenduli, Silva Tafaj, Silvana Bala, Ornela Nuredini, Agron Meshi, Emira Hysa, Francesco Rulli
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Design and evaluation of a novel direct hemagglutination test based on a recombinant protein for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis
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Mediastinal mass and hydatid disease
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S Fotoohi, G.R Hashemi Tabar, H Borji
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2013; 6(9): 723. CrossRef
Cross-Reaction between the Crude Hydatid Cyst Fluid Antigens of Human and Animals Origin in Response to Human IgG Class and Subclasses
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Journal of Parasitology Research.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Lagos, South-West Nigeria: Chimere O. Agomo, Wellington A. Oyibo, Rose I. Anorlu, Philip U. Agomo; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):179-183.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.179

Abstract
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Prevalence rates reported for malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria vary considerably. The accuracy of results of malaria diagnosis is dependent on training, experience, and motivation of the microscopist as well as the laboratory facility available. Results of training programmes on malaria microscopy have shown low levels of sensitivity and specificity of those involved in malaria diagnosis routinely and for research. This study was done to ascertain the true prevalence of malaria in pregnancy in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. A total of 1,084 pregnant women were recruited into this study. Blood smears stained with Giemsa were used for malaria diagnosis by light microscopy. Malaria infection during pregnancy presents mostly as asymptomatic infection. The prevalence of malaria in this population was 7.7% (95% confidence interval; 6.2-9.4%). Factors identified to increase the risk of malaria infection include young maternal age (< 20 years), and gravidity (primigravida). In conclusion, this study exposes the over-diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy and the need for training and retraining of laboratory staffs as well as establishing the malaria diagnosis quality assurance programme to ensure the accuracy of malaria microscopy results at all levels.

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Original Article

Serum Antigen and Antibody Detection in Echinococcosis: Application in Serodiagnosis of Human Hydatidosis: Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi, Farzaneh Sedaghat, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Bahador Sarkari; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):153-157.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.153

Abstract
PDF

Diagnosis of hydatidosis is based on immunodiagnostic methods along with radiological and ultrasound examinations. The
objective
s of the present study were to develop a specific and simple antigen-based ELISA method for diagnosis of hydatidosis and compare it with antibody detection method. The subjects in this study included 89 patients in the following groups: surgically confirmed hydatidosis patients (35 cases), control with other parasitic diseases (29 cases), and healthy controls (25 cases). Hyperimmune serum was raised against hydatid cyst fluid in rabbits. Anti-hydatid cyst IgG was purified by affinity chromatography using protein A column and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Collected sera were assessed for hydatid cyst antigens and antibody by ELISA. Circulating hydatid antigen was found in 9 out of 35 patients with surgically confirmed hydatidosis. A sensitivity of 25.7% and a specificity of 98.0% were calculated for the antigen detection assay. Antibody detection by indirect ELISA, using antigen B, showed that 94.2% of patients (33 cases) have anti-hydatid cyst antibodies in their serum while cross reaction was noted in a few of non-hydatidosis patients. A sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 81.6% were found for the antibody detection assay. Findings of this study indicated that antibody detection assay is a sensitive approach for diagnosis of hydatid cyst while antigen detection assay might be a useful approach for assessment of the efficacy of treatment especially after removal of the cyst.

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Malaria Diagnosis: A Brief Review: Noppadon Tangpukdee, Chatnapa Duangdee, Polrat Wilairatana, Srivicha Krudsood; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):93-102.
Published online May 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.93

Abstract
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Malaria is a major cause of death in tropical and sub-tropical countries, killing each year over 1 million people globally; 90% of fatalities occur in African children. Although effective ways to manage malaria now exist, the number of malaria cases is still increasing, due to several factors. In this emergency situation, prompt and effective diagnostic methods are essential for the management and control of malaria. Traditional methods for diagnosing malaria remain problematic; therefore, new technologies have been developed and introduced to overcome the limitations. This review details the currently available diagnostic methods for malaria.

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Impact of a training course on the quality of malaria diagnosis by microscopy in Angola
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