Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"antibody"

Original Article

Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study: Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):181-185.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.181

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is not endemic in the Republic of Korea (Korea) with a positivity rate of <1% in stool examination. However, there is a risk of hyperinfection in immunosuppressed individuals. It is necessary to determine the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in Korea. This study investigated the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in the southeastern area of Korea. From January 2019 to June 2021, serum samples were collected from participants who visited the study center in the southeastern region of Korea for routine health check-ups. We determined serum levels of specific anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies in 834 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed that 92 samples (11.0%) tested showed a positive response. The age of the participants was 51±10.7 years, and 43.4% of them were men. The antibody positivity rate based on the location of the participants’ residence were 12.3% (Gyoungsangnam-do), 10.2% (Busan), and 10.1% (Ulsan), respectively. Total eosinophil count was associated with positive test results (154.8±152.0 per mm³ versus 202.1±178.9 per mm³, P=0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that blood eosinophil count, age above 50 years, and residence in Sacheon were factors associated with the positive status of S. stercoralis antibody. Our finding suggests that it is necessary to test for S. stercoralis in actual clinical settings in Korea.

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Screening for strongyloidiasis among selected populations in Taiwan: Prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes
Sung-Hsi Huang, Yen-Lin Chen, Hao-Yu Lin, Aristine Cheng, Lih-Yu Chang, Yi-Chia Huang, Po-Hsien Kuo, Yueh-Feng Wen, Chia-Jung Liu, Chia-Hao Chang, Wei-Shun Yang, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Pin-Ru Chu, Chi-Wei Tseng, Yi-Ching Su, Li-Hsin Su, Li-Ta Keng, Chi-Ying Lin
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 66: 102866. CrossRef
A silent threat behind bars: Serosurvey and associated risk factors for strongyloidiasis in female inmates and correctional officers
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Gabriel Luís Brucinski Pinto, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Juliano Ribeiro, Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach
Acta Tropica.2024; 257: 107301. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Specific Detection of Acanthamoeba species using Polyclonal Peptide Antibody Targeting the Periplasmic Binding Protein of A. castellanii: Min-Jeong Kim, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Jong-Hyun Kim, Eun-Kyung Moon; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):143-147.
Published online April 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.143

Abstract
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Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare ocular disease, but it is a painful and sight-threatening infectious disease. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are necessary to prevent serious complications. While AK is frequently diagnosis via several PCR assays or Acanthamoeba-specific antibodies, a more specific and effective diagnostic method is required. This study described the production of a polyclonal peptide antibody against the periplasmic binding protein (PBP) of A. castellanii and investigated its diagnostic potential. Western blot analysis showed that the PBP antibody specifically reacted with the cell lysates of A. castellanii. However, the PBP antibody did not interact with human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and the other 3 major causative agents of keratitis. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) results revealed the specific detection of A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts by PBP antibodies when A. castellanii were co-cultured with HCE cells. PBP antibody specificity was further confirmed by co-culture of A. castellanii trophozoites with F. solani, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa via ICC. The PBP antibody specifically reacted with the trophozoites and cysts of A. polyphaga, A. hatchetti, A. culbertsoni, A. royreba, and A. healyi, thus demonstrated its genus-specific nature. These results showed that the PBP polyclonal peptide antibody of A. castellanii could specifically detect several species of Acanthamoeba, contributing to the development of an effective antibody-based AK diagnostics.

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Evaluation of the potential for diagnosis of fungal keratitis using a Fusarium-specific antibody
Hye-Jeong Jo, Min-Jeong Kim, Hae-Ahm Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Fusarium solani using cutinase antibody and its application in diagnosing fungal keratitis in an animal model
Hye-Jeong Jo, Min-Jeong Kim, Hae-Ahm Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon, Olaf Kniemeyer
PLOS One.2025; 20(8): e0330455. CrossRef
A chorismate mutase-targeted, core-shell nanoassembly-activated SERS immunoassay platform for rapid non-invasive detection of Acanthamoeba infection
Hyerin Lee, Min-Jeong Kim, Junkyu Chung, Wansun Kim, Hye-Jeong Jo, Tae Gi Kim, Jae-Ho Shin, Gi-Ja Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang Woong Moon, Eun-Kyung Moon, Samjin Choi
Nano Today.2024; 59: 102506. CrossRef
Evaluating the Diagnostic Potential of Chorismate Mutase Poly-Clonal Peptide Antibody for the Acanthamoeba Keratitis in an Animal Model
Min-Jeong Kim, Hye-Jeong Jo, Hae-Jin Sohn, Ho-Joon Shin, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon
Pathogens.2023; 12(4): 526. CrossRef
Detection of Acanthamoeba from Acanthamoeba Keratitis Mouse Model Using Acanthamoeba-Specific Antibodies
Min-Jeong Kim, A-Jeong Ham, A-Young Park, Hae-Jin Sohn, Ho-Joon Shin, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Eun-Kyung Moon
Microorganisms.2022; 10(9): 1711. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Yellow Fever Non-Structural Protein 1: Yeong Hoon Kim, Tae-Yun Kim, Ji-Seon Park, Jin Suk Park, Jihoo Lee, Joungdae Moon, Chom-Kyu Chong, Ivan Neves Junior, Fernando Raphael Ferry, Hye-Jin Ahn, Lokraj Bhatt, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):283-290.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.283

Abstract
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A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit was developed to detect non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of yellow fever virus (YFV) using monoclonal antibody. NS1 protein was purified from the cultured YFV and used to immunize mice. Monoclonal antibody to NS1 was selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the YFV NS1 RDT kit. The YFV RDTs were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity using positive and negative samples of monkeys from Brazil and negative human blood samples from Korea. Among monoclonal antibodies, clones 3A11 and 3B7 proved most sensitive, and used for YFV RDT kit. Diagnostic accuracy of YFV RDT was fairly high; Sensitivity was 0.0% and specificity was 100% against Dengue viruses type 2 and 3, Zika, Chikungunya and Mayaro viruses. This YFV RDT kit could be employed as a test of choice for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of YFV infection under clinical or field conditions in endemic areas and on the globe.

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Synthesis of Truncated DNA Aptamer and Its Application to an Electrochemical Biosensor Consisting of an Aptamer and a MXene Heterolayer for Yellow Fever Virus
Nayeon Kwon, Siyun Lee, Moonbong Jang, Jin-Ho Lee, Chulhwan Park, Taek Lee
BioChip Journal.2024; 18(1): 93. CrossRef
Challenges in Direct Detection of Flaviviruses: A Review
Bruna de Paula Dias, Camila Cavadas Barbosa, Cyntia Silva Ferreira, Samara Mayra Soares Alves dos Santos, Orlando Alfredo Pineda Arrieta, Wellington Carvalho Malta, Maria Laura Maximiano Dias Gomes, Mariela Alves e Silva, Júlia de Matos Fonseca, Lysandro
Pathogens.2023; 12(5): 643. CrossRef
A Chikungunya Virus Multiepitope Recombinant Protein Expressed from the Binary System Insect Cell/Recombinant Baculovirus Is Useful for Laboratorial Diagnosis of Chikungunya
Leonardo Assis da Silva, Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima, Brenda Rabello de Camargo, Dyeferson Kened da Silva Coelho Guimarães, Anabele Azevedo Lima Barbastefano, Raquel Curtinhas de Lima, Paulo Vieira Damasco, Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha, Luiz José de Souza,
Microorganisms.2022; 10(7): 1451. CrossRef

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Previous Infection with Plasmodium berghei Confers Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice: Dong-Hun Lee, Ki-Back Chu, Hae-Ji Kang, Su-Hwa Lee, Fu-Shi Quan; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(2):93-99.
Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.93

Abstract
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Both Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are important apicomplexan parasites, which infect humans worldwide. Genetic analyses have revealed that 33% of amino acid sequences of inner membrane complex from the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei is similar to that of Toxoplasma gondii. Inner membrane complex is known to be involved in cell invasion and replication. In this study, we investigated the resistance against T. gondii (ME49) infection induced by previously infected P. berghei (ANKA) in mice. Levels of T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody responses, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were found higher in the mice infected with P. berghei (ANKA) and challenged with T. gondii (ME49) compared to that in control mice infected with T. gondii alone (ME49). P. berghei (ANKA) + T. gondii (ME49) group showed significantly reduced the number and size of T. gondii (ME49) cysts in the brains of mice, resulting in lower body weight loss compared to ME49 control group. These results indicate that previous exposure to P. berghei (ANKA) induce resistance to subsequent T. gondii (ME49) infection.

Citations

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Functionality of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a population of Beninese pregnant women exposed to malaria
Mariama Souffou, Célia Dechavanne, Zaineb Kammoun, Firmine Viwami, Isabelle Gaugué, Naima Beldjoudi, Sébastien Dechavanne, Nawal Sare, André Garcia, Magalie Dambrun, Florence Migot-Nabias
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroprotective and antimalarial effects of Juglans regia leaf extracts in a murine model of cerebral malaria
Afra Alharbi, Shurug Albasyouni, Esam Al-Shaebi, Saleh Al Quraishy, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Protective mucosal and systemic immunity induced by virus-like particles expressing Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall protein
Gi-Deok Eom, Ki-Back Chu, Hae-Ji Kang, Min-Ju Kim, Keon-Woong Yoon, Jie Mao, Su-Hwa Lee, Md Atique Ahmed, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan, Paulo Lee Ho
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0283928. CrossRef
Monocyte-Derived Chicken Macrophages Exposed to Eimeria tenella Sporozoites Display Reduced Susceptibility to Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoite
Runhui Zhang, Wanpeng Zheng, Arwid Daugschies, Berit Bangoura
Microorganisms.2023; 11(8): 1999. CrossRef
Retrospective study of toxoplasmosis prevalence in pregnant women in Benin and its relation with malaria
Magalie Dambrun, Célia Dechavanne, Nicolas Guigue, Valérie Briand, Tristan Candau, Nadine Fievet, Murielle Lohezic, Saraniya Manoharan, Nawal Sare, Firmine Viwami, François Simon, Sandrine Houzé, Florence Migot-Nabias, Gordon Langsley
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(1): e0262018. CrossRef

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Development of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit to Detect IgG/IgM Antibody against Zika Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies to the Envelope and Non-structural Protein 1 of the Virus: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Yanaihara Pinchemel, Francis Reisdo?rfer, Joyce Brito Coelho, Ronaldo Ferreira Dias, Pan Kee Bae, Zuinara Pereira Maia Gusma?o, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):61-70.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.61

Abstract
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We developed a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kit for detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against Zika virus (ZIKV) using monoclonal antibodies to the envelope (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of ZIKV. These proteins were produced using baculovirus expression vector with Sf9 cells. Monoclonal antibodies J2G7 to NS1 and J5E1 to E protein were selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the Zika IgG/IgM RDT kit (Zika RDT). Comparisons with ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and PCR were done to investigate the analytical sensitivity of Zika RDT, which resulted in 100% identical results. Sensitivity and specificity of Zika RDT in a field test was determined using positive and negative samples from Brazil and Korea. The diagnostic accuracy of Zika RDT was fairly high; sensitivity and specificity for IgG was 99.0 and 99.3%, respectively, while for IgM it was 96.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Cross reaction with dengue virus was evaluated using anti-Dengue Mixed Titer Performance Panel (PVD201), in which the Zika RDT showed cross-reactions with DENV in 16.7% and 5.6% in IgG and IgM, respectively. Cross reactions were not observed with West Nile, yellow fever, and hepatitis C virus infected sera. Zika RDT kit is very simple to use, rapid to assay, and very sensitive, and highly specific. Therefore, it would serve as a choice of method for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of ZIKV infection under clinical or field conditions worldwide in endemic areas.

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Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip to detect equine infectious anemia virus
Jianzhong Wang, Jicheng Qiu, Mengmeng Wang, Xiaojie Wu, Xiaoguang Li, Heng Zhang
Virology Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Expanding Toolkit of Insect Cell Culture: A New Era in Biotechnology
Surjeet Kumar Arya, Cynthia L. Goodman, Subba Reddy Palli
Current Opinion in Insect Science.2025; : 101465. CrossRef
Advances in Metallic-Based Localized Surface Plasmon Sensors for Enhanced Tropical Disease Detection: A Comprehensive Review
Sajid Farooq, Denise Maria Zezell
Plasmonics.2024; 19(4): 1721. CrossRef
Diagnostic accuracy of DPP Fever Panel II Asia tests for tropical fever diagnosis
Sandhya Dhawan, Sabine Dittrich, Sonia Arafah, Stefano Ongarello, Aurelian Mace, Siribun Panapruksachat, Latsaniphone Boutthasavong, Aphaphone Adsamouth, Soulignasak Thongpaseuth, Viengmon Davong, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Matthew T. Robi
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(4): e0012077. CrossRef
Hyperendemic Dengue and Possible Zika Circulation in the Westernmost Region of the Indonesian Archipelago
Harapan Harapan, Kritu Panta, Alice Michie, Timo Ernst, Suzi McCarthy, Muhsin Muhsin, Safarianti Safarianti, Tjut Mariam Zanaria, Mudatsir Mudatsir, R. Tedjo Sasmono, Allison Imrie
Viruses.2022; 14(2): 219. CrossRef
Engineered NS1 for Sensitive, Specific Zika Virus Diagnosis from Patient Serology
Thai Leong Yap, Shin Yee Hong, Jun Hui Soh, Lekha Ravichandraprabhu, Vanessa W.X. Lim, Hsi-Min Chan, Tommy Z.X. Ong, Ying Ping Chua, Shi En Koh, Huajing Wang, Yee Sin Leo, Jackie Y. Ying, William Sun
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2021; 27(5): 1427. CrossRef
Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies targeting to distinct epitopes of Zika virus envelope protein for specific detection of Zika virus
Chia-Jung Li, Ping-Han Huang, Hui-Wen Chen, Shih-Chung Chang
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(11): 4663. CrossRef
Recent advances in point-of-care biosensors for the diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases
Patricia Batista Deroco, Dagwin Wachholz Junior, Lauro Tatsuo Kubota
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2021; 349: 130821. CrossRef
Solutions against emerging infectious and noninfectious human diseases through the application of baculovirus technologies
Alexandra Marisa Targovnik, Jorge Alejandro Simonin, Gregorio Juan Mc Callum, Ignacio Smith, Franco Uriel Cuccovia Warlet, María Victoria Nugnes, María Victoria Miranda, Mariano Nicolás Belaich
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 105(21-22): 8195. CrossRef
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Jun Hui Soh, Hsi-Min Chan, Jackie Y. Ying
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Fernando A. Jorge, Mateus V. Thomazella, Deborah de Castro Moreira, Luciana D. G. Lopes, Jorge J. V. Teixeira, Dennis A. Bertolini
Reviews in Medical Virology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Zika virus serological diagnosis: commercial tests and monoclonal antibodies as tools
Isaura Beatriz Borges Silva, Aldacilene Souza da Silva, Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Aline Diniz Cabral, Kelly Cristina Alves de Oliveira, Elizabeth De Gaspari, Carlos Roberto Prudencio
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
ZIKV-Specific NS1 Epitopes as Serological Markers of Acute Zika Virus Infection
Yiu-Wing Kam, Juliana Almeida Leite, Siti Naqiah Amrun, Fok-Moon Lum, Wearn-Xin Yee, Farhana Abu Bakar, Kai Er Eng, David C Lye, Yee-Sin Leo, Chia-Yin Chong, Andre Ricardo Ribas Freitas, Guilherme Paier Milanez, Jose Luiz Proença-Modena, Laurent Rénia, Fa
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2019; 220(2): 203. CrossRef
Seasonal dengue surge: Providers⬨tm) perceptions about the impact of dengue on patient volume, staffing and use of point of care testing in Indian emergency departments
Janice Blanchard, Katherine Douglass, Shweta Gidwani, Usha Khatri, Daniel Gaballa, Amelia Pousson, Neeraj Mangla, Jeffrey Smith
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2019; 12(6): 794. CrossRef
Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Yellow Fever Non-Structural Protein 1
Yeong Hoon Kim, Tae-Yun Kim, Ji-Seon Park, Jin Suk Park, Jihoo Lee, Joungdae Moon, Chom-Kyu Chong, Ivan Neves Junior, Fernando Raphael Ferry, Hye-Jin Ahn, Lokraj Bhatt, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 283. CrossRef
Zika Fever: Development of Diagnostics, Prevention and Treatment
E. I. Kazachinskaya, D. V. Shan’shin, A. V. Ivanova
Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections.2019; (2): 6. CrossRef
High correlation between Zika virus NS1 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in selected serum samples from normal healthy Thais
Wannapa Sornjai, Suwipa Ramphan, Nitwara Wikan, Prasert Auewarakul, Duncan R. Smith
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Generation and Characterization of a Polyclonal Antibody Against NS1 Protein for Detection of Zika Virus
Liding Zhang, Congjie Chen, Zhixin Chen, Shuzhen He, Yuzhu Song, Xueshan Xia, Qinqin Han, Jinyang Zhang
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Chaperones, Membrane Trafficking and Signal Transduction Proteins Regulate Zaire Ebola Virus trVLPs and Interact With trVLP Elements
Dong-Shan Yu, Tian-Hao Weng, Chen-Yu Hu, Zhi-Gang Wu, Yan-Hua Li, Lin-Fang Cheng, Nan-Ping Wu, Lan-Juan Li, Hang-Ping Yao
Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in normal healthy Thais
Wannapa Sornjai, Janejira Jaratsittisin, Prasert Auewarakul, Nitwara Wikan, Duncan R. Smith
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax: Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh, Hyun Park, Jinyoung Lee, Dong-Xu Liu, Ga-Eun Seo, Hae-Jin Sohn, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Joon Shin, Seon-Ju Yeo; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):623-630.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.623

Abstract
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Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is a strong target antigen for the determination of infection with Plasmodium species specifically. However, a more effective antibody is needed because of the low sensitivity of the current antibody in many immunological diagnostic assays. In this study, recombinant Plasmodium vivax LDH (PvLDH) was experimentally constructed and expressed as a native antigen to develop an effective P. vivax-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). Two mAbs (2CF5 and 1G10) were tested using ELISA and immunofluorescence assays (IFA), as both demonstrated reactivity against pLDH antigen. Of the 2 antibodies, 2CF5 was not able to detect P. falciparum, suggesting that it might possess P. vivax-specificity. The detection limit for a pair of 2 mAbs-linked sandwich ELISA was 31.3 ng/ml of the recombinant antigen. The P. vivax-specific performance of mAbs-linked ELISA was confirmed by in vitro-cultured P. falciparum and P. vivax-infected patient blood samples. In conclusion, the 2 new antibodies possessed the potential to detect P. vivax and will be useful in immunoassay.

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Diagnostic Methods for Non-Falciparum Malaria
Alba Marina Gimenez, Rodolfo F. Marques, Matías Regiart, Daniel Youssef Bargieri
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia and Band Sensitivity of the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Test in Madagascar
Rajeev K. Mehlotra, Rosalind E. Howes, Estee Y. Cramer, Riley E. Tedrow, Tovonahary A. Rakotomanga, Stéphanie Ramboarina, Arsène C. Ratsimbasoa, Peter A. Zimmerman
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 100(5): 1196. CrossRef

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Influenza M1 Virus-Like Particles Consisting of Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 4: Su-Hwa Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Ying Piao, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):143-148.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.143

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii infections occur throughout the world, and efforts are needed to develop various vaccine candidates expressing recombinant protein antigens. In this study, influenza matrix protein (M1) virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of T. gondii rhoptry antigen 4 (ROP4 protein) were generated using baculovirus (rBV) expression system. Recombinant ROP4 protein with influenza M1 were cloned and expressed in rBV. SF9 insect cells were coinfected with recombinant rBVs expressing T. gondii ROP4 and influenza M1. As the results, influenza M1 VLPs showed spherical shapes, and T. gondii ROP4 protein exhibited as spikes on VLP surface under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The M1 VLPs resemble virions in morphology and size. We found that M1 VLPs reacted with antibody from T. gondii-infected mice by western blot and ELISA. This study demonstrated that T. gondii ROP4 protein can be expressed on the surface of influenza M1 VLPs and the M1 VLPs containing T. gondii ROP4 reacted with T. gondii-infected sera, indicating the possibility that M1 VLPs could be used as a coating antigen for diagnostic and/or vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.

Citations

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IgM Antibody Detection as a Diagnostic Marker for Acute Toxoplasmosis: Current Status of Studies and Main Limitations
Karolina Sołowińska, Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
Antibodies.2025; 14(2): 44. CrossRef
Protective immunity induced by CpG ODN‐adjuvanted virus‐like particles containing Toxoplasma gondii proteins
Hae‐Ji Kang, Ki‐Back Chu, Min‐Ju Kim, Su‐Hwa Lee, Hyunwoo Park, Hui Jin, Eun‐Kyung Moon, Fu‐Shi Quan
Parasite Immunology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infections using Virus-Like Particles Displaying T. gondii ROP4 Antigen
Min-Ju Kim, Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Fu-Shi Quan
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 565. CrossRef
Virus-like particle vaccine displaying Toxoplasma gondii apical membrane antigen 1 induces protection against T. gondii ME49 infection in mice
Min-Ju Kim, Su-Hwa Lee, Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Hyunwoo Park, Hui Jin, Eun-Kyung Moon, Sung Soo Kim, Fu-Shi Quan
Microbial Pathogenesis.2020; 142: 104090. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii virus‐like particle vaccination alleviates inflammatory response in the brain upon T gondii infection
Hae‐Ji Kang, Ki‐Back Chu, Su‐Hwa Lee, Min‐Ju Kim, Hyunwoo Park, Hui Jin, Eun‐Kyung Moon, Fu‐Shi Quan
Parasite Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Previous Infection with Plasmodium berghei Confers Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice
Dong-Hun Lee, Ki-Back Chu, Hae-Ji Kang, Su-Hwa Lee, Fu-Shi Quan
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(2): 93. CrossRef
Virus-Like Particles Expressing Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 18 Induces Better Protection Than Rhoptry Protein 4 against T. gondii Infection
Hae-Ji Kang, Su-Hwa Lee, Ki-Back Chu, Dong-Hun Lee, Fu-Shi Quan
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 429. CrossRef

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Identifying Novel B Cell Epitopes within Toxoplasma gondii GRA6: Yanhua Wang, Guangxiang Wang, Jian Ping Cai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):431-437.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.431

Abstract
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The study of antigenic epitopes from Toxoplasma gondii has not only enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of antigens, the reactions between antigens and antibodies, and many other aspects of immunology, but it also plays a significant role in the development of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines. In the present study, T. gondii GRA6 epitopes were identified using bioinformatics tools and a synthetic peptide technique. The potential B cell epitopes of GRA6 predicted by bioinformatics tools concentrated upon 3 regions of GRA6, 1-20 aa, 44-103 aa, and 172-221 aa. Ten shorter peptides from the 3 regions were synthesized and assessed by ELISA using pig sera from different time points after infection. Three of the 10 peptides (amino acids 44-63, 172-191, and 192-211) tested were recognized by all sera and determined to be immunodominant B-cell epitopes of GRA6. The results indicated that we precisely and accurately located the T. gondii GRA6 epitopes using pig sera collected at different time points after infection. The identified epitopes may be very useful for further studies of epitope-based vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

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A Structural In Silico Analysis of Novel Epitopes from Toxoplasma gondii Proteins for the Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis
Angelis del Valle Benitez Betancourt, Tamires Lopes Silva, Débora Karolla de Freitas Oliveira, Nilson Nicolau-Junior, João Luis Garcia, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo, José Roberto Mineo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(10): 4689. CrossRef
Harnessing antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii for efficient diagnosis: a study of promising candidates
Saumya Srivastava, Anil Kumar Gupta, Amit Singh, Sudip Kumar Datta, Sarman Singh
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Letter to the editor of Heliyon re: Bioinformatics-based prediction and screening of immunogenic epitopes of Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry proteins 7, 21 and 22 as candidate vaccine target
Fariha Ayub, Haroon Ahmed, Tehreem Sohail, Khurram Shahzad, Figen Celik, Xu Wang, Sami Simsek, Jianping Cao
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Brief Communication

Development of Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Antigen Detection in Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection: Mu-Xin Chen, Jia-Xu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Da-Na Huang, Lin Ai, Ren-Li Zhang; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):375-380.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.375

Angiostrongyliasis is difficult to be diagnosed for the reason that no ideal method can be used. Serologic tests require specific equipment and are not always available in poverty-stricken zone and are time-consuming. A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) may be useful for angiostrongyliasis control. We established a LFIA for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis based on 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis adults. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.1% and 100% in LFIA, while those of commercial ELISA kit was 97.8% and 86.3%, respectively. Youden index was 0.91 in LFIA and 0.84 in commercial ELISA kit. LFIA showed detection limit of 1 ng/ml of A. cantonensis ES antigens. This LFIA was simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific, which opened an alternative approach for the diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis.

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Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 762. CrossRef
Semi-Automated Microfluidic Device Combined with a MiniPCR-Duplex Lateral Flow Dipstick for Screening and Visual Species Identification of Lymphatic Filariae
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Rogan Lee, Tsung-Yu Pai, Richard Churcher, Sarah Davies, Jody Braddock, Michael Linton, Jane Yu, Erin Bell, Justin Wimpole, Anna Dengate, David Collins, Narelle Brown, George Reppas, Susan Jaensch, Matthew K. Wun, Patricia Martin, William Sears, Jan Šlape
Parasitology.2021; 148(2): 178. CrossRef
Sandwich dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for specific immunodiagnosis of active neuroangiostrongyliasis
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Parasitology.2021; 148(2): 234. CrossRef
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Susan I. Jarvi, Elizabeth S. Atkinson, Lisa M. Kaluna, Kirsten A. Snook, Argon Steel
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Muxin Chen, Dana Huang, Jiaxu Chen, Yalan Huang, Huiwen Zheng, Yijun Tang, Qian Zhang, Shaohong Chen, Lin Ai, Xiaonong Zhou, Renli Zhang
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Original Articles

Prevalence of Serum IgG Antibodies to Cystic Echinococcus Antigen among Patients in an Uzbekistan Emergency Hospital: Se Jin Park, Sung Sik Han, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):699-703.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.699

Abstract
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonotic helminthiases, which can last an asymptomatic infection for several years. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate serum antibody prevalence of CE among asymptomatic people in Uzbekistan using ELISA. A total of 2,547 serum samples were collected, 66 from confirmed CE patients and 2,481 of patients with other diseases than CE at a hospital in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The serum samples were screened for CE specific IgG antibodies by ELISA using cystic fluid antigen obtained from sheep. The serum antibody positive rate was 89.4% (59/66) in CE and 3.6% (89/2,481) in other disease patients. The present ELISA recognized 89.4% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. The ELISA absorbance of positive samples was distributed 0.271-0.971 for CE and 0.273-0.887 for other disease patients. The other disease patients with high absorbance over 0.3 were 50 (2.0%) who were presumed to be active CE patients. The patients in their 40s showed the highest positive rate of 5.2% (P=0.181), and women were 4.4% while men were 3.1% positive (P=0.136). The data confirmed that there are many asymptomatic patients of CE in Tashkent. It is indicated that CE is an endemic disease of public health importance in Uzbekistan.

Citations

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Comparison of Methods in the Serologic Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis
Sidre Erganis, Fakhriddin Sarzhanov, Funda Doğruman Al, Kayhan Cağlar
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(2): 1122. CrossRef
The echinococcoses in Asia: The present situation
Akira Ito, Christine M. Budke
Acta Tropica.2017; 176: 11. CrossRef
Kistik Ekinokokoz’un serolojik tanısında Indirekt Hemaglütinasyon, İndirekt Floresan Antikor ve Enzim İmmuno Assay testlerinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Sadık AKGÜN, Hakan Sezgin SAYİNER, Tekin KARSLIGİL
Journal of Contemporary Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea (2003-2005) using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test: Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon-Joong Kang, Won-Ja Lee, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Ung Moon, Seok Ho Cha, Sung-Keun Lee, Yun-Kyu Park, Jhang-Ho Pak, Pyo Yun Cho, Youngjoo Sohn, Hyeong-Woo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):1-7.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Plasmodium vivax reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993, and is likely to continue to affect public health. The purpose of this study was to measure levels of anti-P. vivax antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in border areas of ROK, to determine the seroprevalence of malaria (2003-2005) and to plan effective control strategies. Blood samples of the inhabitants in Gimpo-si, Paju-si, and Yeoncheon-gun (Gyeonggi-do), and Cheorwon-gun (Gangwon-do) were collected and kept in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Out of a total of 1,774 serum samples tested, the overall seropositivity was 0.94% (n=17). The seropositivity was the highest in Paju-si (1.9%, 7/372), followed by Gimpo-si (1.4%, 6/425), Yeoncheon-gun (0.67%, 3/451), and Cheorwon-gun (0.19%, 1/526). The annual parasite incidence (API) in these areas gradually decreased from 2003 to 2005 (1.69, 1.09, and 0.80 in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively). The highest API was found in Yeoncheon-gun, followed by Cheorwon-gun, Paju-si, and Gimpo-si. The API ranking in these areas did not change over the 3 years. The seropositivity of Gimpo-si showed a strong linear relationship with the API of 2005 (r=0.9983, P=0.036). Seropositivity data obtained using IFAT may be useful for understanding malaria prevalence of relevant years, predicting future transmission of malaria, and for establishing and evaluating malaria control programs in affected areas.

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Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef

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Monoclonal Antibody-Based Dipstick Assay: A Reliable Field Applicable Technique for Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni Infection Using Human Serum and Urine Samples: Zeinab Demerdash, Salwa Mohamed, Mohamed Hendawy, Ibrahim Rabia, Mohy Attia, Zeinab Shaker, Tarek M Diab; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):93-98.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.93

Abstract
PDF

A field applicable diagnostic technique, the dipstick assay, was evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing human Schistosoma mansoni infection. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against S. mansoni adult worm tegumental antigen (AWTA) was employed in dipstick and sandwich ELISA for detection of circulating schistosome antigen (CSA) in both serum and urine samples. Based on clinical and parasitological examinations, 60 S. mansoni-infected patients, 30 patients infected with parasites other than schistosomiasis, and 30 uninfected healthy individuals were selected. The sensitivity and specificity of dipstick assay in urine samples were 86.7% and 90.0%, respectively, compared to 90.0% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity of sandwich ELISA. In serum samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.3% and 91.7% for dipstick assay vs. 91.7% and 95.0% for sandwich ELISA, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of dipstick assay in urine and serum samples was 88.3% and 90.0%, while it was 90.8% and 93.3% for sandwich ELISA, respectively. The diagnostic indices of dipstick assay and ELISA either in serum or in urine were statistically comparable (P>0.05). In conclusion, the dipstick assay offers an alternative simple, rapid, non-invasive technique in detecting CSA or complement to stool examinations especially in field studies.

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Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum low replacement medium versus serum rich replacement medium for production of Anti-Schistosoma Monoclonal antibody: A comparative study
Faten S. Mahmoud, Zeinab A. Demerdash, Sherihan M. Elmotawakel, Salwa Hassan, Mohamed Hendawy, Shimaa A. Atta, Shereen M. Shawky, Engy M. Alkhateeb, Hanaa I. Hassanin
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2020; 8(2): 423. CrossRef
A protease-based biosensor for the detection of schistosome cercariae
A. J. Webb, R. Kelwick, M. J. Doenhoff, N. Kylilis, J. T. MacDonald, K. Y. Wen, C. McKeown, G. Baldwin, T. Ellis, K. Jensen, P. S. Freemont
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Diagnostic Tests to Support Late-Stage Control Programs for Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases
Kenneth R. Hawkins, Jason L. Cantera, Helen L. Storey, Brandon T. Leader, Tala de los Santos, Justin V. Remais
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2016; 10(12): e0004985. CrossRef
Comparative Study of the Accuracy of Different Techniques for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Areas of Low Endemicity in Barra Mansa City, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Maria Cristina Carvalho Espírito-Santo, Mónica Viviana Alvarado-Mora, Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto, Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Vera Lúcia Pagliusi Castilho, Elenice Messias do Nascimento Gonçalves, Pedro Paulo Chieffi, Expedito José de Alb
BioMed Research International.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
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IgG Avidity ELISA Test for Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Humans: Amir Hossien Rahbari, Hossien Keshavarz, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Mostafa Rezaeian; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):99-102.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.99

Abstract
PDF

Serum samples, 100 in the total number, were collected from different laboratories in Tehran, Iran and tested for anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Using the IgG (chronic) and IgM (acute) positive samples, the IgG avidity test was performed by ELISA in duplicate rows of 96-well microtiter plates. One row was washed with 6 M urea and the other with PBS (pH 7.2), then the avidity index (AI) was calculated. Sixteen out of 18 (88.9%) sera with acute toxoplasmosis showed low avidity levels (AI≤50), and 76 out of 82 (92.7%) sera in chronic phase of infection showed high avidity index (AI>60). Six sera had borderline ranges of AI. The results showed that the IgG avidity test by ELISA could distinguish the acute and chronic stages of toxoplasmosis in humans.

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Brief Communications

Production of Polyclonal Antibodies against the Tegument of Sparganum (Plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni) and Its Immunolocalization: Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):183-185.
Published online June 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.183

Abstract
PDF

In a previous study, the author developed a method for separation of the tegument of spargana (plerocercoids of Spirometra mansoni) from the parenchyme using urea. The present study, as a next step, was performed to evaluate which molecules are present in the outer tegument. Two major proteins, 180 and 200 kDa, are present in the tegument and we could make polyclonal antibodies against these molecules. Their immunolocalization was processed and the outermost layer of the spargana showed strong positive staining. Conclusively, we could confirm that the 180 and 200 kDa molecules might be tightly bound membrane proteins in the tegument of spargana.

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Identification of an enolase gene and its physiological role in Spirometra mansoni
Pei Liang, Xiuji Cui, Ruijia Fu, Peng Liang, Gang Lu, Dayong Wang
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(6): 2095. CrossRef

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Antigenemia and Specific IgM and IgG Antibody Responses in Rabbits Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Juan Hua Quan, Hassan Ahmed Hassan, Guang-Ho Cha, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):409-412.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.409

Abstract
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In this experiment, the correlation between antigenemia and specific antibody responses in Toxoplasma gondii-infected rabbits was assessed. We injected 1,000 T. gondii tachyzoites (RH) subcutaneously into 5 rabbits. Parasitemia, circulating antigens, and IgM and IgG antibody titers in blood were tested by ELISA and immunoblot. For detection of parasitemia, mice were injected with blood from rabbits infected with T. gondii and mice died between days 2 and 10 post-infection (PI). Circulating antigens were detected early on day 2 PI, and the titers increased from day 4 PI and peaked on day 12 PI. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody titers increased on day 6 PI and peaked on days 14-16 PI. IgG was detected from day 10 PI, and the titers increased continuously during the experiment. The antigenic protein patterns differed during the infection period, and the number of bands increased with ongoing infection by the immunoblot analysis. These result indicated that Toxoplasma circulating antigens during acute toxoplasmosis are closely related to the presence of parasites in blood. Also, the circulating antigen levels were closely correlated with IgM titers, but not with IgG titers. Therefore, co-detection of circulating antigens with IgM antibodies may improve the reliability of the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis.

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Effect of fermented Cassava sievate and tiger nut shaft on growth performance, blood profile and immunological parameters in male rabbits
C. O. Bamigboye, O. E. Akinola, J. D. Adegboye, I. A. Fadiora, I. O. Omomowo, O. N. Majolagbe, O. R. Oyeleke, A. A. Alarape, T. K. Ojediran, M. D. Shittu, J. K. Oloke
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High Levels of Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Liver Stage Antigen-1 in Naturally Infected Individuals in Myanmar: Hyeong-Woo Lee, Sung-Ung Moon, Yeon-Joo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Khin Lin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):195-198.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.195

Abstract
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Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 (PfLSA-1) is one of the few antigens expressed exclusively in liver stage parasites. In this study, we evaluated the antibody responses against recombinant PfLSA-1 in naturally infected individuals in Myanmar. High levels of antibody responses (70.7%) were detected in 82 serum samples from 116 infected individuals, and IgG responses to PfLSA-1 principally composed of responses of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. These results show that PfLSA-1 elicits effective antibody responses in individuals infected with P. falciparum, and thus it could be not only an attractive candidate protein for vaccine development, but also a useful antigen for serodiagnosis of the infection.

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Thomas Jaenisch, Kirsten Heiss, Nico Fischer, Carolin Geiger, F. Ralf Bischoff, Gerhard Moldenhauer, Leszek Rychlewski, Ali Sié, Boubacar Coulibaly, Peter H. Seeberger, Lucjan S. Wyrwicz, Frank Breitling, Felix F. Loeffler
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2019; 18(4): 642. CrossRef
Comparison of the antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum antigens in residents of Mandalay, Myanmar
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Malaria Journal.2011;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Cytokine and antibody responses of reactivated murine toxoplasmosis upon administration of dexamethasone: Ki-Man Kang, In-Uk Choi, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):209-219.
Published online September 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.209

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to result in life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients after reactivation of dormant parasites. In order to obtain information on immune responses related to this phenomenon, BALB/c mice were infected with 25 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, then, treated orally with dexamethasone (Toxo/Dexa-treated group) in order to reactivate the chronic toxoplasmosis. None of the T. gondii-infected mice died during the experimental periods, whereas the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice evidenced a significant attenuation of survival periods. Toxoplasma-specific IgG2a, IgA and IgM titers in sera were significantly depressed in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice; however, the IgG1 sera titers were similar to those seen in the Toxoplasma-infected mice. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were significantly reduced 2 weeks after dexamethasone treatment. IFN-γ and IL-10 production levels in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were depressed significantly, whereas IL-4 production was increased temporarily. The expression levels of the Toxoplasma-specific P30 and B1 genes were found to have been increased in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice in comparison with the Toxoplasma-infected mice. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that reactivation of murine toxoplasmosis as the result of dexamethasone treatment induced a depression in Th1 immune responses, whereas Th2 immune responses were not significantly influenced.

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Molecular cloning of ribosomal P protein in Toxoplasma gondii and the availability to detect antibody against recombinant protein in toxoplasmosis patients: Hye-Jin Ahn, Sera Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(2):89-96.
Published online June 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.89

Abstract
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Among the panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against Toxoplasma gondii, mAb of Tg621 (Tg621) clone blotted 38 kDa protein which localized in the cytoplasm of tachyzoites by immunofluorescence microscopy. The protein was not released into the parasitophorous vacuole during or after invasion. The cDNA fragment encoding the protein was obtained by screening a T. gondii cDNA expression library with Tg621. The full length cDNA sequence was completed with 5'-RACE as 1,592 bp, which contained open reading frame of 942 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of Tg621 consisted of a polypeptide of 313 amino acids, with significant homology to ribosomal P proteins (RPP) of other organisms especially high to those of apicomplexan species. The expressed and purified TgRPP was assayed in western blot with the sera of toxoplasmosis patients and normal sera, which resulted in the 74.0% of positive reactions in toxoplasmosis patients whereas 8.3% in normal group. Therefore, the antibody formation against TgRPP in toxoplasmosis patients was regarded as specific for T. gondii infection and suggested a potential autoantibody.

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Expression and characterization of Pen b 26 allergen of Penicillium brevicompactum in Escherichia coli
M. Serdal Sevinc, Veena Kumar, Makonnen Abebe, Susantha Mohottalage, Premkumari Kumarathasan, Renaud Vincent, Hari M. Vijay
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Houshuang Zhang, Eung-goo Lee, Min Liao, Muller K.A. Compaore, Guohong Zhang, Osamu Kawase, Kozo Fujisaki, Chihiro Sugimoto, Yoshifumi Nishikawa, Xuenan Xuan
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Enzyme-catalyzed amplified immunoassay for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG using Faradaic impedance spectroscopy, CV and QCM
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Host cell binding of GRA10, a novel, constitutively secreted dense granular protein from Toxoplasma gondii
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The P Domain of the P0 Protein ofPlasmodium falciparumProtects against Challenge with Malaria Parasites
K. Rajeshwari, Kalpesh Patel, Savithri Nambeesan, Monika Mehta, Alfica Sehgal, Tirtha Chakraborty, Shobhona Sharma
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Effects of specific monoclonal antibodies to dense granular proteins on the invasion of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo: Dong Yeob Cha, In Kwan Song, Gye Sung Lee, Ok-Sun Hwang, Hyung-Jun Noh, Seung-Dong Yeo, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):233-240.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.233

Abstract
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Although some reports have been published on the protective effect of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii surface membrane proteins, few address the inhibitory activity of antibodies to dense granular proteins (GRA proteins). Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to evaluate the inhibitory effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to GRA proteins (GRA2, 28 kDa; GRA6, 32 kDa) and surface membrane protein (SAG1, 30 kDa) on the invasion of T. gondii tachyzoites. Passive immunization of mice with one of three mAbs following challenge with a lethal dose of tachyzoites significantly increased survival compared with results for mice treated with control ascites. The survival times of mice challenged with tachyzoites pretreated with anti-GRA6 or anti-SAG1 mAb were significantly increased. Mice that received tachyzoites pretreated with both mAb and complement had longer survival times than those that received tachyzoites pretreated with mAb alone. Invasion of tachyzoites into fibroblasts and macrophages was significantly inhibited in the anti-GRA2, anti-GRA6 or anti-SAG1 mAb pretreated group. Pretreatment with mAb and complement inhibited invasion of tachyzoites in both fibroblasts and macrophages. These results suggest that specific antibodies to dense-granule molecules may be useful for controlling infection with T. gondii.

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Detection and characterization of excretory/secretory proteins from Toxoplasma gondii by monoclonal antibodies: Eui-Sun Son, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):49-56.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.49

Abstract
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Excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) from Toxoplasma gondii were analyzed to define the function in the penetration process into host cells. Whole ESP obtained at 37℃ were composed of 15 bands with molecular mass of 110, 97, 86, 80, 70, 60, 54, 42, 40, 36, 30, 28, 26, 22, and 19 kDa. Five ESP of 86, 80, 42, 36, and 28 kDa were reacted with monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named as Tg386 (microneme), Tg485 (surface membrane), Tg786 (rhoptry), Tg378, and Tg556 (both dense granules), respectively. The ESP was released by a temperature-dependent/-independent manner and all at once whenever ready to pour out except Tg786. Each ESP was not exhausted within the parasite but the amount was limited. Tg786 was released continuously with increment, whereas Tg378 and Tg556 were ceased to release after 3 and 4 hr. Dense granular Tg378 and Tg556 were released spontaneously and constitutively before the entry into host cells also. The entry of T. gondii was inhibited by all the mAbs differentially. And the parasite deprived of ESP was inhibited to enter exponentially up to 90.1%. It is suggested that ESP play an essential function to provide appropriate environment for the entry of the parasite into host cells.

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Mini Review

Mucosal immunity against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes: Denis Nnabuike Onah, Yukifumi Nawa; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(4):209-236.
Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.209

Abstract
PDF

The last two decades witnessed significant advances in the efforts of immunoparasitologists to elucidate the nature and role of the host mucosal defence mechanisms against intestinal nematode parasites. Aided by recent advances in basic immunology and biotechnology with the concomitant development of well defined laboratory models of infection, immunoparasitologists have more precisely analyzed and defined the different immune effector mechanisms during the infection; resulting in great improvement in our current knowledge and understanding of protective immunity against gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites. Much of this current understanding comes from experimental studies in laboratory rodents, which have been used as models of livestock and human GI nematode infections. These rodent studies, which have concentrated on Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti/S. venezuelensis, Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris infections in mice and rats, have helped in defining the types of T cell responses that regulate effector mechanisms and the effector mechanisms responsible for worm expulsion. In addition, these studies bear indications that traditionally accepted mechanisms of resistance such as eosinophilia and IgE responses may not play as important roles in protection as were previously conceived. In this review, we shall, from these rodent studies, attempt an overview of the mucosal and other effector responses against intestinal nematode parasites beginning with the indices of immune protection as a model of the protective immune responses that may occur in animals and man.

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Brief Communication

The 10 kDa protein of Taenia solium metacestodes shows genus specific antigenicity: Seung-Kyu Park, Doo-Hee Yun, Joon-Yong Chung, Yoon Kong, Seung-Yull Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(3):191-194.
Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.191

Abstract
PDF

Genus specific antigenicity of the 10 kDa protein in cyst fluid (CF) of Taenia solium metacestodes was demonstrated by comparative immunoblot analysis. When CFs from taeniid metacestodes of T. saginata, T. solium, T. taeniaeformis and T. crassiceps were probed with specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against 150 kDa protein of T. solium metacestodes, specific antibody reactions were observed in 7 and 10 kDa proteins of T. solium and in 7/8 kDa of T. saginata, T. taeniaeformis and T. crassiceps. The mAb did not react with any protein in hydatid fluid of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis. This result revealed that the 10 kDa peptide of T. solium metacestodes and its equivalent proteins of different Taenia metacestodes are genus specific antigens that are shared among different Taenia species.

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Valeria Silva-Álvarez, Ana Maite Folle, Ana Lía Ramos, Fernando Zamarreño, Marcelo D. Costabel, Eduardo García-Zepeda, Gustavo Salinas, Betina Córsico, Ana María Ferreira
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids.2015; 93: 17. CrossRef
Development of the S3Pvac Vaccine Against MurineTaenia crassicepsCysticercosis: A Historical Review
Edda Sciutto, Gladis Fragoso, Marisela Hernández, Gabriela Rosas, José J. Martínez, Agnès Fleury, Jacquelynne Cervantes, Aline Aluja, Carlos Larralde
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Case Report

A toxoplasmic uveitis case of a 60-year-old male in Korea: Min-Ho Kim, Yeun-Kyoung Choi, Yun-Kyu Park, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(1):29-31.
Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.29

Abstract
PDF

A toxoplasmic uveitis case was reported on the focus of impairment of pathological findings and serological antibody titers after chemotherapy. A chief complaint of a 60-year-old male was a decreased and blurred vision in his right eye for 2 weeks after experiencing tremendous stress and fatigue. A steroid therapy for 3 weeks was not effective and the retinal lesion became necrotic. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody titer was checked to be a strong positive by both ELISA and indirect latex agglutination assay (ILA). He was treated with Fansidar F for 8 weeks. His vision improved as the necrotic lesion healed by scarring, but the antibody titers still remained very high without any signs of negative conversion. It is suggested to be a recurrent case of the past asymptomatic infection by presumed immune suppression caused by excessive stress.

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Original Articles

Border malaria characters of reemerging vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea: Weon-Gyu Kho, Ji-Yeon Jang, Sung-Tae Hong, Hyong-Woo Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Jong-Soo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):71-76.
Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.71

Abstract
PDF

Since 1993, the number of vivax malaria cases has increased every year in the northern part of the Republic of Korea (ROK). This study was designed to characterize factors related to the reemergence of malaria in the ROK. A total of 21 cases diagnosed in 1993 and 1994 distributed sporadically in the narrow zone along the demilitarized zone (DMZ). Of total 317 civilian inhabitant cases reported in 1994-1997, 287 cases were studied and 80.8% of them resided within 10 km from the southern border of the DMZ. The frequency distribution of anti-Plasmodium vivax antibody titers using indirect fluorescent antibody test was compared in three villages in relation with distance from the DMZ. The number of inhabitants with high antibody titers was larger in the village nearest to the border than that in more distant villages. The present results highly suggested that the reemerging vivax malaria start in the border area, most possibly caused by infected mosquitoes which flew across the border. This pattern of transmission repeated year after year.

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Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers in sera of children admitted to the Seoul National University Children's Hospital: Jina Kook, Hong-Jin Lee, Beyong Il Kim, Chong-Ku Yun, Sang-Mee Guk, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):27-32.
Published online March 20, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.27

Abstract
PDF

A total of 542 children under 10 years of age, admitted to the Seoul National University Children's Hospital, was examined for antibody titers of Toxoplasma gondii using indirect latex agglutination (ILA) test. Among them, 7.7% showed positive titers higher than 1:32, without significant difference between males (7.3%) and females (8.5%). The seropositive rate increased with age although the statistical significance was negligible (0.05<P<0.1). By residential areas, the prevalence appeared higher among children from southern provinces (Kyongsang-do and Cholla-do) than those from other areas, but the statistical significance was also very low (0.05<P<0.1). When the seropositive cases were analyzed by coincidental diseases, the prevalence was significantly higher in patients with congenital diseases than in patients with non-congenital diseases (P<0.05). The results showed that the seropositive rate of toxoplasmosis in children examined was not high compared with other endemic countries. Some correlations are suggested between toxoplasmosis and congenital anomalies in Korea.

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