Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"detection"

Original Article

A novel kit for enrichment of fecal helminth eggs: Eunsol Lee, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(3):323-329.
Published online August 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24021

Abstract
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We developed a new concentration kit, called the ParaEgg (PE), for easy detection trematode eggs from fecal samples in endemic areas of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis in Korea. To create a standard of detection efficiency, 120 fecal samples were examined using the water–ether concentration method (WECM). The PE kit and Mini ParaSep (PS) kit were used to compare the detection sensitivity of 100 egg-positive and 20 egg-negative samples in WECM. Additionally, stool samples, which were intentionally spiked with 10, 20, and 30 Clonorchis sinensis eggs, were evaluated to assess the sensitivity in lowinfection cases. The PE and PS kits showed detection rates of 100% and 92%, respectively, from 100 egg-positive samples in WECM. Meanwhile, eggs were detected in 3 (PE) and 2 (PS) out of 20 egg-negative samples in WECM. The PE kit detected the highest number of eggs per gram of feces (727 on average), followed by the WECM (524) and PS kit (432). In fecal samples that were intentionally spiked with 10, 20, and 30 C. sinensis eggs, PE only detected eggs 2 out of 5 samples in 10 eggs spiked (40%), and the detection rates were 80% and 100%, respectively. The PE kit enabled a more accurate identification of trematode eggs because of the clearance of small fecal debris in the microscopic field. In conclusion, the PE kit is obviously helpful to detect and identify trematode eggs in stool examinations especially in endemic areas of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis.

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2024년 장내기생충 유행지역 감염 조사

Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(19): 707. CrossRef
Diagnostic performance evaluation of ParaEgg for identifying intestinal helminthiasis: A comparative study with conventional copromicroscopy
Tilak Chandra Nath, Heeil Lee, Md. Mahamudul Hasan, Tanmoy Roy Rudro, Dipta Das, Md. Taufiqur Rahman, Nandiny Saha Roy, Pritha Parial, Proloy Chakraborty Tusher, Tarek Siddiki
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2025; 30: e00449. CrossRef
Detection of intestinal parasites in leopard cat fecal samples using shotgun metagenomics
Jun Ho Choi, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Dongjun Kang, Du-Yeol Choi, Xavier Chavarria, Arwa Shatta, Yoon Hee Cho, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(4): 349. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

A Fluorescent Recombinase Aided Amplification Assay for Detection of Babesia microti: Hong Lin, Song Zhao, Yuying Ye, Lei Shao, Nizhen Jiang, Kun Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):201-205.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.201

Babesia microti is one of the most common causative agents of babesiosis. A sensitive and rapid detection is necessary for screening potentially infected individuals. In this study, B. microti cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) was selected as the target gene, multiple primers were designed, and optimized by a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. The optimal primers and probe were labeled with fluorescein. The sensitivity of fluorescent RAA (fRAA) was evaluated using gradient diluents of the cox1 recombinant plasmid and genomic DNA extracted from whole blood of B. microti infected mice. The specificity of fRAA was assessed by other transfusion transmitted parasites. The analytical sensitivity of the fRAA assay was 10 copies of recombinant plasmid per reaction and 10 fg/µl B. microti genomic DNA. No cross-reaction with any other blood-transmitted parasites was observed. Our results demonstrated that the fRAA assay would be rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of B. microti.

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Research progress on diagnostic techniques for different Babesia species in persistent infections
Zelin Jia, Yuliang Zhang, Donghui Zhao, Haifeng Wang, Ming Yu, Zhilin Liu, Xin Zhang, Jiayu Cui, Xueli Wang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Progress in the application of isothermal amplification technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Qingshang Bi, Mengru Liu, Li Yan, Jun Cheng, Qingyang Sun, Yuzhu Dai, Lingli Zou
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Edwardsiella piscicida
Yuchen Dong, Dandan Zhou, Binzhe Zhang, Xiaoying Xu, Jian Zhang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of food matrix on rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products based on toxR gene
Darong Li, Jiayi Zhao, Weiqing Lan, Yong Zhao, Xiaohong Sun
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of a Lateral Flow Strip-Based Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Detection of Haemonchus contortus in Goat Feces: Yao-Dong Wu, Qi-Qi Wang, Meng Wang, Hany M. Elsheikha, Xin Yang, Min Hu, Xing-Quan Zhu, Min-Jun Xu; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):167-171.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.167

Haemonchosis remains a significant problem in small ruminants. In this study, the assay of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with the lateral flow strip (LFS-RPA) was established for the rapid detection of Haemonchus contortus in goat feces. The assay used primers and a probe targeting a specific sequence in the ITS-2 gene. We compared the performance of the LFS-RPA assay to a PCR assay. The LFS-RPA had a detection limit of 10 fg DNA, which was 10 times less compared to the lowest detection limit obtained by PCR. Out of 24 goat fecal samples, LFS-RPA assay detected H. contortus DNA with 95.8% sensitivity, compared to PCR, 79.1% sensitivity. LFS-RPA assay did not detect DNA from other related helminth species and demonstrated an adequate tolerance to inhibitors present in the goat feces. Taken together, our results suggest that LFS-RPA assay had a high diagnostic accuracy for the rapid detection of H. contortus and merits further evaluation.

Citations

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An RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted method for nucleic acid detection of Haemonchus contortus in sheep
Yutong Cao, Qiankun Yang, Yanbing Guo, Xiaocen Wang, Xin Li, Nan Zhang, Wenxue Lu, Jianhua Li, Xichen Zhang, Lili Cao, Pengtao Gong
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 334: 110421. CrossRef
Rapid visual detection of Moniezia spp. in sheep feces via Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Lateral Flow Dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay
Shaohua Zhang, Yeping Zhao, Weijia Liang, Shuai Wang, Xiu Cui, Haohan Zhu, Yueyue Zhang, Xiaolei Liu, Huimin Li, Wenjie Mu, Aijiang Guo
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 339: 110582. CrossRef
Preliminary results of the recombinase polymerase amplification technique for the detection of Haemonchus contortus from Hungarian field samples
Rojesh Khangembam, Nóra Vass, Alison Morrison, Lynsey A. Melville, Alistair Antonopoulos, Levente Czeglédi
Veterinary Parasitology.2023; 320: 109974. CrossRef

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An Evaluation of Active Case Detection in Malaria Control Program in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi District, Uganda: Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woo-Joo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Working Groups in ChildFund Korea , Uganda; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):625-632.
Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.625

Abstract
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Malaria remains one of the leading health burdens in the developing world, especially in several sub-Saharan Africa countries; and Uganda has some of the highest recorded measures of malaria transmission intensity in the world. It is evident that the prevalence of malaria infection, the incidence of disease, and mortality from severe malaria remain very high in Uganda. Although the recent stable political and economic situation in the last few decades in Uganda supported for a fairly good appreciation of malaria control, the declines in infection, morbidity, and mortality are not sufficient to interrupt transmission and this country is among the top 4 countries with cases of malaria, especially among children under 5 years of age. In fact, Uganda, which is endemic in over 95% of the country, is a representative of challenges facing malaria control in Africa. In this study, we evaluated an active case detection program in 6 randomly selected villages, Uganda. This program covered a potential target population of 5,017 individuals. Our team screened 12,257 samples of malaria by active case detection, every 4 months, from February 2015 to January 2017 in the 6 villages (a total of 6 times). This study assessed the perceptions and practices on malaria control in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi district, Uganda. Our study presents that the incidence of malaria is sustained high despite efforts to scale-up and improve the use of LLINs and access to ACDs, based on the average incidence confirmed by RDTs.

Citations

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The impact of mass screening and treatment interventions on malaria incidence and prevalence: a retrospective analysis of a malaria elimination programme in eastern Myanmar, and systematic review and meta-analysis
Jade D. Rae, Angela Devine, Chanapat Patekkham, Aung Myint Thu, Gilles Delmas, Daniel M. Parker, Richard J. Maude, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Ladda Kajeechiwa, May Myo Thwin, Saw Win Tun, Julie A. Simpson, François H. Nosten
Malaria Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship Between Market Environment Dimensions and Availability of Malaria Pills in Uganda
Pross Nagitta Oluka, Marcia Mkansi, George William Kajjumba
Global Advances in Health and Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Malaria vector control strategies. What is appropriate towards sustainable global eradication?
Joanne Atieno Ogunah, Joseph O. Lalah, Karl-Werner Schramm
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy.2020; 18: 100339. CrossRef

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Original Article

Genetic and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum in Myanmar: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):275-280.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.275

Abstract
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In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

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A Global Review of the Zoonotic Potential and Disease Risks of Amphibian Parasites in Bullfrog Aquaculture
Meiqi Weng, Xinhua Liu, Chenxi Zhang, Rui Shu, Andrew Wang, Haotian Zhang, Xingqiang Wang, Huirong Yang, Jinyong Zhang
Reviews in Aquaculture.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular confirmation of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzosta) in Indonesia
Ryanka Edila, Seongjun Choe, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Lucia Tri Suwanti, John Yew Huat Tang
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2025; 28: 101150. CrossRef
Deciphering the global genetic structure of Spirometra mansoni and S. erinaceieuropaei based on 28S ribosomal RNA: Insights into taxonomical revaluation and population dynamics
Anil Kumar Nehra, Rasmita Panda, Prem Sagar Maurya, Ansu Kumari, Aman Dev Moudgil
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Spirometra asiana sp. nov. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in wild boars and hound dogs in Japan
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hirotaka Kobayashi
Parasitology International.2024; 98: 102798. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review
Roman Kuchta, Anna J. Phillips, Tomáš Scholz
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 24: 100947. CrossRef
Medical Parasitology Taxonomy Update, June 2020–June 2022
Blaine A. Mathison, Richard S. Bradbury, Bobbi S. Pritt, Romney M. Humphries
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia
Wei Liu, Tengfang Gong, Shuyu Chen, Quan Liu, Haoying Zhou, Junlin He, Yong Wu, Fen Li, Yisong Liu
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Genetic and Morphological Identification of Spirometra decipiens in Snakes and Domestic Dog Found in Cuba
Alexander Morales, Rebeca M. Laird-Pérez, Virginia Capó, Enrique Iglesias, Luis Fonte, Arturo Plascencia-Hernández, Enrique J. Calderón, Keeseon S. Eom, Yaxsier de Armas, Héctor R. Pérez-Gómez
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1468. CrossRef
Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence Support the Existence of a New Spirometra Species, Spirometra Asiana, (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in the Wild Boar
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Hiroshi Yamasaki, Oranuch Sanpool, Rutchanee Rodpai, Lakkhana Sadaow, Porntip Laummaunwai, Mesa Un, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Sakhone Laymanivong, Win Pa Pa Aung, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Parasitology International.2021; 80: 102181. CrossRef
An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae
Blaine A. Mathison, Sarah G. H. Sapp
ZooKeys.2021; 1069: 1. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana in snakes in Hunan Province, China
W. Liu, L. Tan, Y. Huang, W.C. Li, Y.S. Liu, L.C. Yang
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xiaoli Zhang, Rongsheng Mi, Yehua Zhang, Shijie Zhang, Tao Sun, Haiyan Jia, Yan Huang, Haiyan Gong, Xiangan Han, Zhaoguo Chen
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104466. CrossRef
Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jin-Youp Ryu, Hyun-Seung Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 467. CrossRef
Ocular Sparganosis: The First Report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand
Wilai Saksirisampant, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Buravej Assavapongpaiboon, Sunisa Sintuwong, Wasee Tulvatana
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 577. CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Spirometra Tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Carnivorous Mammals in the Serengeti and Selous Ecosystems of Tanzania
Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 653. CrossRef
Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 55. CrossRef
Broad tapeworms (Diphyllobothriidae), parasites of wildlife and humans: Recent progress and future challenges
Tomáš Scholz, Roman Kuchta, Jan Brabec
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2019; 9: 359. CrossRef
Genetic Identification of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Spargana in Liaoning and Hubei Provinces, PR China
Li He, Zheng-Ming Fang, Ting Xue, Er-Fu Zhang, Chun-Li An
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 309. CrossRef
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Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(5): 481. CrossRef
Identity of Spirometra theileri from a Leopard (Panthera pardus) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Tanzania
Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Tilak Chandra Nath, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Julius Keyyu, Robert Fyumagwa, Simon Mduma, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 639. CrossRef
Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 359. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Spirometra decipiens (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) Collected in A Heavily Infected Stray Cat from the Republic of Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):87-91.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.87

Abstract
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Morphological and molecular characteristics of spirometrid tapeworms, Spirometra decipiens, were studied, which were recovered from a heavily infected stray cat road-killed in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea). A total of 134 scolices and many broken immature and mature proglottids of Spirometra tapeworms were collected from the small intestine of the cat. Morphological observations were based on 116 specimens. The scolex was 22.8-32.6 mm (27.4 mm in average) in length and small spoon-shape with 2 distinct bothria. The uterus was coiled 3-4 times, the end of the uterus was ball-shaped, and the vaginal aperture shaped as a crescent moon was closer to the cirrus aperture than to the uterine aperture. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the cox1 target fragment (377 bp in length and corresponding to positions 769-1,146 bp of the cox1 gene) were performed using total genomic DNA extracted from 134 specimens. The cox1 sequences (377 bp) of the specimens showed 99.0% similarity to the reference sequence of S. decipiens and 89.3% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei. In the present study, we report a stray cat heavily infected with S. decipiens identified by mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis and morphological examinations of the adult worms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 182. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia
Wei Liu, Tengfang Gong, Shuyu Chen, Quan Liu, Haoying Zhou, Junlin He, Yong Wu, Fen Li, Yisong Liu
Animals.2022; 12(12): 1578. CrossRef
The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Milad Badri, Meysam Olfatifar, Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi, Leila Zaki, Luis Manuel Madeira de Carvalho, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Fatemeh Barikbin, Parisa Madani, Aida Vafae Eslahi
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2022; 8(6): 2785. CrossRef
First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea
Joohyung Kim, Younsung Ock, Kihwan Yang, Seongjun Choe, Kyung-Mee Park, Wan-Kyu Lee, Kyung-Chul Choi, Soochong Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Seung-Hun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 153. CrossRef
Low prevalence of spargana infection in farmed frogs in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Xiaoli Zhang, Rongsheng Mi, Yehua Zhang, Shijie Zhang, Tao Sun, Haiyan Jia, Yan Huang, Haiyan Gong, Xiangan Han, Zhaoguo Chen
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104466. CrossRef
Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 359. CrossRef

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Original Article

Molecular Detection of Spirometra decipiens in the United States: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):503-507.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.503

Abstract
PDF

The genus Spirometra belongs to the family Diphyllobothriidae and order Pseudophyllidea, and includes intestinal parasites of cats and dogs. In this study, a plerocercoid labeled as Spirometra mansonoides from the USA was examined for species identification and phylogenetic analysis using 2 complete mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3). The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the plerocercoid specimen (USA) showed 99.2% similarity to the reference sequences of the plerocercoid of Korean Spirometra decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679), and 99.1% similarity in regard to nad3 (346 bp). Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using 4 analytical methods were identical and showed high confidence levels with bootstrap values of 1.00, 100%, 100%, and 100% for Bayesian inference (BI), maximum-likelihood (ML), neighbor-joining (NJ), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, respectively. Representatives of Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra species formed a monophyletic group, and the sister-genera status between these species was well supported. Trapezoic proglottids in the posterior 1/5 region of an adult worm obtained from an experimentally infected cat were morphologically examined. The outer uterine loop of the uterus coiling characteristically consisted of 2 complete turns. The results clearly indicated that the examined Spirometra specimen from the USA matched to S. decipiens very well, and indicated possible presence of the life cycle of this species in this region.

Citations

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Molecular confirmation of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzosta) in Indonesia
Ryanka Edila, Seongjun Choe, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Lucia Tri Suwanti, John Yew Huat Tang
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2025; 28: 101150. CrossRef
Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review
Roman Kuchta, Anna J. Phillips, Tomáš Scholz
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 24: 100947. CrossRef
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia
Wei Liu, Tengfang Gong, Shuyu Chen, Quan Liu, Haoying Zhou, Junlin He, Yong Wu, Fen Li, Yisong Liu
Animals.2022; 12(12): 1578. CrossRef
Genetic and Morphological Identification of Spirometra decipiens in Snakes and Domestic Dog Found in Cuba
Alexander Morales, Rebeca M. Laird-Pérez, Virginia Capó, Enrique Iglesias, Luis Fonte, Arturo Plascencia-Hernández, Enrique J. Calderón, Keeseon S. Eom, Yaxsier de Armas, Héctor R. Pérez-Gómez
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1468. CrossRef
Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh
Tilak Chandra Nath, Keeseon S. Eom, Seongjun Choe, Shahadat Hm, Saiful Islam, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sunmin Kim, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee
Pathogens.2021; 10(2): 250. CrossRef
A Case of Sparganosis Caused by Spirometra decipiens on the Femur
Shoko YOGO, Sakurako IMAMURA, Kiko NAGAI, Kayo HARADA, Eiji NAGAYASU, Haruhiko MARUYAMA, Kazunori URABE
Nishi Nihon Hifuka.2021; 83(5): 453. CrossRef
Morphological Features and Structural Analysis of Plerocercoids of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from European Pine Marten, Martes martes (Mammalia: Mustelidae) in Ukraine
Nataliya Yu. Rubtsova, Richard A. Heckmann
Comparative Parasitology.2020; 87(1): 109. CrossRef
Ocular Sparganosis: The First Report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand
Wilai Saksirisampant, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Buravej Assavapongpaiboon, Sunisa Sintuwong, Wasee Tulvatana
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 577. CrossRef
Spirometra decipiens (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) Collected in A Heavily Infected Stray Cat from the Republic of Korea
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 87. CrossRef
Molecular cloning, antiserum preparation and expression analysis during head regeneration of $$upalpha $$ α
Wen-Fang Dong, Hang Zhang, Ru-Meng Wang, Hong-Chun Pan
Journal of Genetics.2018; 97(4): 911. CrossRef
Human Sparganosis in Korea
Jeong-Geun Kim, Chun-Seob Ahn, Woon-Mok Sohn, Yukifumi Nawa, Yoon Kong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Development of Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Antigen Detection in Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection: Mu-Xin Chen, Jia-Xu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Da-Na Huang, Lin Ai, Ren-Li Zhang; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):375-380.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.375

Angiostrongyliasis is difficult to be diagnosed for the reason that no ideal method can be used. Serologic tests require specific equipment and are not always available in poverty-stricken zone and are time-consuming. A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) may be useful for angiostrongyliasis control. We established a LFIA for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis based on 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis adults. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.1% and 100% in LFIA, while those of commercial ELISA kit was 97.8% and 86.3%, respectively. Youden index was 0.91 in LFIA and 0.84 in commercial ELISA kit. LFIA showed detection limit of 1 ng/ml of A. cantonensis ES antigens. This LFIA was simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific, which opened an alternative approach for the diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis.

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Praphathip Eamsobhana, Anchalee Tungtrongchitr, Hoi-Sen Yong, Anchana Prasartvit, Darawan Wanachiwanawin, Xiao-Xian Gan
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Susan I. Jarvi, Elizabeth S. Atkinson, Lisa M. Kaluna, Kirsten A. Snook, Argon Steel
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Dana Huang, Yalan Huang, Yijun Tang, Qian Zhang, Xiaoheng Li, Shitong Gao, Wuwei Hua, Renli Zhang
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Praphathip Eamsobhana, Anchalee Tungtrongchitr, Darawan Wanachiwanawin, Hoi-Sen Yong
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 73: 69. CrossRef
Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Qiu-An Hu, Yi Zhang, Yun-Hai Guo, Shan Lv, Shang Xia, He-Xiang Liu, Yuan Fang, Qin Liu, Dan Zhu, Qi-Ming Zhang, Chun-Li Yang, Guang-Yi Lin
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Molecular Detection of Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and Necator americanus in Humans in Northeastern and Southern Thailand: Issarapong Phosuk, Pewpan M. Intapan, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Witthaya Aamnart, Nimit Morakote, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):747-749.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.747

Abstract
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The 2 principal species of hookworms infecting humans are Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. Case studies on zoonotic hookworm infections with Ancylostoma ceylanicum and/or Ancylostoma caninum are known mainly from Asian countries. Of these 2 zoonotic species, only A. ceylanicum can develop to adulthood in humans. In the present study, we report a molecular-based survey of human hookworm infections present in southern and northeastern Thailand. Thirty larval hookworm samples were obtained from fecal agar plate cultures of 10 patients in northeastren Thailand and 20 in southern Thailand. Partial ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA genes were amplified using PCR. The amplicons were sequenced, aligned, and compared with other hookworm sequences in GenBank database. The results showed that, in Thailand, N. americanus is more prevalent than Ancylostoma spp. and is found in both study areas. Sporadic cases of A. ceylanicum and A. duodenale infection were seen in northeastern Thailand.

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Original Articles

Molecular Differentiation of Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis Eggs by Multiplex Real-Time PCR with High Resolution Melting Analysis: Worasak Kaewkong, Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Porntip Laummaunwai, Viraphong Lulitanond, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):689-694.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.689

Abstract
PDF

Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are parasites known to be carcinogenic and causative agents of cholangiocarcinoma in Asia. The standard method for diagnosis for those parasite infections is stool examination to detect parasite eggs. However, the method has low sensitivity, and eggs of O. viverrini and C. sinensis are difficult to distinguish from each other and from those of some other trematodes. Here, we report a multiplex real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the differentiation of O. viverrini and C. sinensis eggs in fecal samples. Using 2 pairs of species-specific primers, DNA sequences from a portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad 2) gene, were amplified to generate 209 and 165 bp products for O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. The distinct characteristics of HRM patterns were analyzed, and the melting temperatures peaked at 82.4±0.09℃ and 85.9±0.08℃ for O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. This technique was able to detect as few as 1 egg of O. viverrini and 2 eggs of C. sinensis in a 150 mg fecal sample, which is equivalent to 7 and 14 eggs per gram of feces, respectively. The method is species-specific, rapid, simple, and does not require fluorescent probes or post-PCR processing for discrimination of eggs of the 2 species. It offers a new tool for differentiation and detection of Asian liver fluke infections in stool specimens.

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting 18S Ribosomal DNA for Rapid Detection of Acanthamoeba: Hye-Won Yang, Yu-Ran Lee, Noboru Inoue, Bijay Kumar Jha, Dinzouna-Boutamba Sylvatrie Danne, Hong-Kyun Kim, Junhun Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):269-277.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.269

Abstract
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Amoebic keratitis (AK) caused by Acanthamoeba is one of the most serious corneal infections. AK is frequently misdiagnosed initially as viral, bacterial, or fungal keratitis, thus ensuring treatment delays. Accordingly, the early detection of Acanthamoeba would contribute significantly to disease management and selection of an appropriate anti-amoebic therapy. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been applied to the clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA gene for the detection of Acanthamoeba using clinical ocular specimens in the diagnosis of AK. Acanthamoeba LAMP assays detected 11 different strains including all AK-associated species. The copy number detection limit for a positive signal was 10 DNA copies of 18S rDNA per reaction. No cross-reactivity with the DNA of fungi or other protozoa was observed. The sensitivity of LAMP assay was higher than those of Nelson primer PCR and JDP primer PCR. In the present study, LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient at detecting Acanthamoeba as DNA extracted using a commercial kit, whereas PCR was only effective when commercial kit-extracted DNA was used. This study showed that the devised Acanthamoeba LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AK in a simple, sensitive, and specific manner.

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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2018; 98(5): 1374. CrossRef
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Anna Lass, Milena Guerrero, Xiuping Li, Gabriele Karanis, Liqing Ma, Panagiotis Karanis
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Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostics for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Mae Sot Malaria Endemic Area, Thailand: Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Thanee Wongchai, Ronnatrai Ruangweerayut, Kesara Na-Bangchang; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):33-38.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.33

Abstract
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Prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria is the key to prevent disease morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic performance of 3 commercial rapid detection tests (RDTs), i.e., Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™, Malaria Ag-Pf™, and Malaria Ag-Pv™ tests, in comparison with the microscopic and PCR methods. A total of 460 blood samples microscopically positive for Plasmodium falciparum (211 samples), P. vivax (218), mixed with P. falciparum and P. vivax (30), or P. ovale (1), and 124 samples of healthy subjects or patients with other fever-related infections, were collected. The sensitivities of Malaria Ag-Pf™ and Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™ compared with the microscopic method for P. falciparum or P. vivax detection were 97.6% and 99.0%, or 98.6% and 99.0%, respectively. The specificities of Malaria Ag-Pf™, Malaria Ag-Pv™, and Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™ were 93.3%, 98.8%, and 94.4%, respectively. The sensitivities of Malaria Ag-Pf™, Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™, and microscopic method, when PCR was used as a reference method for P. falciparum or P. vivax detection were 91.8%, 100%, and 96.7%, or 91.9%, 92.6%, and 97.3%, respectively. The specificities of Malaria Ag-Pf™, Malaria Ag-Pv™, Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan™, and microscopic method were 66.2%, 92.7%, 73.9%, and 78.2%, respectively. Results indicated that the diagnostic performances of all the commercial RDTs are satisfactory for application to malaria diagnosis.

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Brief Communication

A Survey of Intestinal Protozoan Infections among Gastroenteritis Patients during a 3-Year Period (2004-2006) in Gyeonggi-do (Province), South Korea: Jeong-Weon Huh, Su-Gyeong Moon, Young-Hee Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):303-305.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.303

Abstract
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The incidence and etiology of parasite-associated gastroenteritis during 2004-2006 in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea was determined by means of antigen detection ELISA on 6,071 stool specimens collected from 6 general hospitals. At least 1 parasitic agent was detected in 3.4% (208/6,071) of the stool samples. Among these, Giardia lamblia was the most numerous (152 cases; 2.5%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25 cases; 0.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (23 cases; 0.4%), and mixed infections (8 cases; 0.1%). Patients aged 1-5 years had the largest proportion (69.2%; 144/208) of parasite-positive stool specimens. Parasite-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from June to September. The detection rate gradually increased from 2004 to 2006. This study shows that parasite-mediated gastroenteritis may be significant among children in Korea and that parasite infection surveillance should be constantly performed.

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Original Article

Serum Antigen and Antibody Detection in Echinococcosis: Application in Serodiagnosis of Human Hydatidosis: Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi, Farzaneh Sedaghat, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Bahador Sarkari; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):153-157.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.153

Abstract
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Diagnosis of hydatidosis is based on immunodiagnostic methods along with radiological and ultrasound examinations. The
objective
s of the present study were to develop a specific and simple antigen-based ELISA method for diagnosis of hydatidosis and compare it with antibody detection method. The subjects in this study included 89 patients in the following groups: surgically confirmed hydatidosis patients (35 cases), control with other parasitic diseases (29 cases), and healthy controls (25 cases). Hyperimmune serum was raised against hydatid cyst fluid in rabbits. Anti-hydatid cyst IgG was purified by affinity chromatography using protein A column and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Collected sera were assessed for hydatid cyst antigens and antibody by ELISA. Circulating hydatid antigen was found in 9 out of 35 patients with surgically confirmed hydatidosis. A sensitivity of 25.7% and a specificity of 98.0% were calculated for the antigen detection assay. Antibody detection by indirect ELISA, using antigen B, showed that 94.2% of patients (33 cases) have anti-hydatid cyst antibodies in their serum while cross reaction was noted in a few of non-hydatidosis patients. A sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 81.6% were found for the antibody detection assay. Findings of this study indicated that antibody detection assay is a sensitive approach for diagnosis of hydatid cyst while antigen detection assay might be a useful approach for assessment of the efficacy of treatment especially after removal of the cyst.

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