Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hyeong-Kyu Jeon"

Original Articles

Genotypes of Echinococcus Species from Cattle in Tanzania: Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Seongjun Choe, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Yeseul Kang, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Tilak Chandra Nath, Sunmin Kim, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(5):457-464.
Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.457

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus species. Tanzania is one of the endemic countries with cystic echinococcosis. This study focussed on identifying genotypes of Echinococcus spp. in Tanzania. We collected 7 cysts from cattle in Mwanza municipal (n=4) and Loliondo district (n=3). The cysts from Mwanza were all E. ortleppi and fertile. In contrast, the cysts from Loliondo were all E. granulosus sensu stricto and sterile. Two from the 4 cysts were a new haplotype of E. ortleppi (G5). These results can improve the preventive and control programs for humans and livestock in Tanzania. To our knowledge, this study is considered the first to identify the genotype and haplotype of Echinococcus spp. in Tanzania.

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Occurrence of Echinococcus felidis in Apex Predators and Warthogs in Tanzania: First Molecular Evidence of Leopards as a New, Definitive Host and Implications for Ecosystem Health
Barakaeli Abdieli Ndossi, Eblate Ernest Mjingo, Mary Wokusima Zebedayo, Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Lee Dongmin, Keeseon S. Eom, Mohammed Mebarek Bia
Pathogens.2025; 14(5): 443. CrossRef

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Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra theileri Compared with Other Spirometra Species: Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):139-148.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.139

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This study was carried out to provide information on the taxonomic classification and analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra theileri. One strobila of S. theileri was collected from the intestine of an African leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania. The complete mtDNA sequence of S. theileri was 13,685 bp encoding 36 genes including 12 protein genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs with absence of atp8. Divergences of 12 protein-coding genes were as follow: 14.9% between S. theileri and S. erinaceieuropaei, 14.7% between S. theileri and S. decipiens, and 14.5% between S. theileri with S. ranarum. Divergences of 12 proteins of S. theileri and S. erinaceieuropaei ranged from 2.3% in cox1 to 15.7% in nad5, while S. theileri varied from S. decipiens and S. ranarum by 1.3% in cox1 to 15.7% in nad3. Phylogenetic relationship of S. theileri with eucestodes inferred using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences exhibited identical tree topologies. A clade composed of S. decipiens and S. ranarum formed a sister species to S. erinaceieuropaei, and S. theileri formed a sister species to all species in this clade. Within the diphyllobothridean clade, Dibothriocephalus, Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra formed a monophyletic group, and sister genera were well supported.

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Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review
Roman Kuchta, Anna J. Phillips, Tomáš Scholz
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 24: 100947. CrossRef

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Morphological and Molecular Identification of Spirometra Tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Carnivorous Mammals in the Serengeti and Selous Ecosystems of Tanzania: Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):653-660.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.653

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Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) collected from carnivorous mammals in Tanzania were identified by the DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), and by morphological characteristics. A total of 15 adult worms were collected from stool samples and carcasses of Panthera leo, Panthera pardus, and Crocuta crocuta in the Serengeti and Selous ecosystems of Tanzania. Three Spirometra species: S. theileri, S. ranarum and S. erinaceieuropaei were identified based on morphological features. Partial cox1 sequences (400 bp) of 10 specimens were revealed. Eight specimens showed 99.5% similarity with Spirometra theileri (MK955901), 1 specimen showed 99.5% similarity with the Korean S. erinaceieuropaei and 1 specimen had 99.5% similarity with Myanmar S. ranarum. Sequence homology estimates for the ITS1 region of S. theileri were 89.8% with S. erinaceieuropaei, 82.5% with S. decipiens, and 78.3% with S. ranarum; and 94.4% homology was observed between S. decipiens and S. ranarum. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with 4 species of Spirometra and 2 species of Dibothriocephalus (=Diphyllobothrium). By both ML and BI methods, cox1 and ITS1 gave well supported, congruent trees topology of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. theileri with S. decipiens and S. ranarum forming a clade. The Dibothriocephalus species were sisters of each other and collectively forming successive outgroups. Our findings confirmed that 3 Spirometra species (S. theileri, S. ranarum, and S. erinaceieuropaei) are distributed in the Serengeti and Selous ecosystems of Tanzania.

Citations

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Molecular confirmation of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzosta) in Indonesia
Ryanka Edila, Seongjun Choe, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Lucia Tri Suwanti, John Yew Huat Tang
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2025; 28: 101150. CrossRef
Description of Spirometra asiana sp. nov. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in wild boars and hound dogs in Japan
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hirotaka Kobayashi
Parasitology International.2024; 98: 102798. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review
Roman Kuchta, Anna J. Phillips, Tomáš Scholz
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 24: 100947. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra theileri Compared with Other Spirometra Species
Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 139. CrossRef

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5 Web of Science
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Case Reports

Ocular Sparganosis: The First Report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand: Wilai Saksirisampant, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Buravej Assavapongpaiboon, Sunisa Sintuwong, Wasee Tulvatana; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):577-581.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.577

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A 22-year-old Thai man from the Northeast region presented with acute eye swelling, itching, and discharge on his left eye. He was suspected of having gnathostomiasis and treated with albendazole and prednisolone for 3 weeks. Nine months later, he was treated with high-dose oral prednisolone for the preliminary and differential diagnoses with thyroid-associated orbitopathy and lymphoma. He had been administered prednisolone intermittently over a few years. Then he developed a painless movable mass at the left upper eyelid and recurrent pseudotumor oculi was suspected. The surgical removal of the mass was performed. A white pseudosegmented worm revealed a definite diagnosis of ocular sparganosis by a plerocercoid larva. Molecular diagnosis of the causative species was made based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Proper technique of extraction and amplification of short fragments DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue successfully identified parasite species. The result from the sequencing of the PCR-amplified cox1 fragments in this study showed 99.0% sequence homology to Spirometra ranarum. This is the first report of S. ranarum in Thailand.

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Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Sparganosis
S. B. Chuelov, A. L. Rossina
CHILDREN INFECTIONS.2024; 23(1): 44. CrossRef
Sparganosis in the Indian Sub-continent and the Middle East
Yukifumi Nawa, Mio Tanaka, Masahide Yoshikawa
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 263. CrossRef
Medical Parasitology Taxonomy Update, June 2020–June 2022
Blaine A. Mathison, Richard S. Bradbury, Bobbi S. Pritt, Romney M. Humphries
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Parasites, champignons et atteintes oculaires
Hélène Yera, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Dominique Chabasse, Marie-Laure Dardé
Revue Francophone des Laboratoires.2023; 2023(552): 44. CrossRef
Sparganosis parasitic tumor: Resectability and postoperative outcome, and analysis of cases from an endemic area in Indochina
Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Formosan Journal of Surgery.2023; 56(5): 160. CrossRef
An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae
Blaine A. Mathison, Sarah G. H. Sapp
ZooKeys.2021; 1069: 1. CrossRef

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5 Web of Science
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First Infestation Case of Sarcoptic Mange from a Pet Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Sungryong Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Tilak Chandra Nath, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):315-319.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.315

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In November 2019 a 5-month-old mixed-breed rabbit presented to Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea (Korea) with symptoms comprising pruritus, crusts on skin, poor appetite and reduced defecation. The rabbit was purchased 2 months prior from a pet shop located in a big market, and that the symptoms were first observed about 2 weeks prior to the hospital visit. Physical examination revealed that the patient had crust formation and alopecia on the nose together with lesions on the digits. A skin scraping test was performed using mineral oil and a high density of mites was observed by microscopy. Each mite showed a round, tortoise-like body with 4 comparatively short pairs of legs. The anus was located at the terminal unlike with suspected pathogen, Notoedres cati. Based on morphological characteristics, we identified the mite as Sarcoptes sp. Ivermectin was administered weekly by subcutaneous injection at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg, and 4 weeks of follow-up study revealed the patient was fully recovered. And no more mites were detected from the case. This is the first case report of sarcoptic mange in a pet rabbit in Korea.

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Genetic and Serological Survey of Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in South Korea
Sanghyun Lee, Garam Kim, So-Jeong Kim, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Dong-Hyuk Jeong
Animals.2024; 14(23): 3490. CrossRef
Zoonotic Episodes of Scabies: A Global Overview
Barbara Moroni, Luca Rossi, Charlotte Bernigaud, Jacques Guillot
Pathogens.2022; 11(2): 213. CrossRef
Mange in Rabbits: An Ectoparasitic Disease with a Zoonotic Potential
Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany, Remo Lobetti
Veterinary Medicine International.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

10,347 View
182 Download
3 Web of Science
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Original Articles

Identity of Spirometra theileri from a Leopard (Panthera pardus) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Tanzania: Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Tilak Chandra Nath, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Julius Keyyu, Robert Fyumagwa, Simon Mduma, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):639-645.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.639

Abstract
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In the present study, a Spirometra species of Tanzania origin obtained from an African leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) was identified based on molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1) as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. One strobila and several segments of a Spirometra species were obtained from the intestine of an African male leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyena (Crocuta Crocuta) in the Maswa Game Reserve of Tanzania. The morphological characteristics of S. theileri observed comprised 3 uterine loops on one side and 4 on the other side of the mid-line, a uterine pore situated posterior to the vagina and alternating irregularly either to the right or left of the latter, and vesicular seminis that were much smaller than other Spirometra species. Sequence differences in the cox1 and nad1 genes between S. theileri (Tanzania origin) and S. erinaceieuropaei were 10.1% (cox1) and 12.0% (nad1), while those of S. decipiens and S. ranarum were 9.6%, 9.8% (cox1) and 13.0%, 12.6% (nad1), respectively. The morphological features of the Tanzania-origin Spirometra specimens coincided with those of S. theileri, and the molecular data was also consistent with that of S. theileri, thereby demonstrating the distribution of S. theileri in Tanzania. This places the leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyena (Crocuta Crocuta) as new definitive hosts of this spirometrid tapeworm.

Citations

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Molecular confirmation of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzosta) in Indonesia
Ryanka Edila, Seongjun Choe, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Lucia Tri Suwanti, John Yew Huat Tang
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2025; 28: 101150. CrossRef
Deciphering the global genetic structure of Spirometra mansoni and S. erinaceieuropaei based on 28S ribosomal RNA: Insights into taxonomical revaluation and population dynamics
Anil Kumar Nehra, Rasmita Panda, Prem Sagar Maurya, Ansu Kumari, Aman Dev Moudgil
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Spirometra asiana sp. nov. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in wild boars and hound dogs in Japan
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hirotaka Kobayashi
Parasitology International.2024; 98: 102798. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review
Roman Kuchta, Anna J. Phillips, Tomáš Scholz
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 24: 100947. CrossRef
Cystic echinococcosis in donkeys in eastern Africa
Erastus Mulinge, Eberhard Zeyhle, Cecilia Mbae, Lucy Gitau, Timothy Kaburu, Japhet Magambo, Ute Mackenstedt, Thomas Romig, Peter Kern, Marion Wassermann
Parasitology.2023; 150(5): 468. CrossRef
Evidence of Toxocara Eggs in Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Gervais, 1850) Coprolites from the Pleistocene of Taurida Cave (Crimea)
T. N. Sivkova, D. R. Khantemirov, D. O. Gimranov, A. V. Lavrov, A. V. Kochnev
Doklady Biological Sciences.2022; 504(1): 82. CrossRef
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Tilak Chandra Nath, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Seongjun Choe, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Uday Kumar Mohanta, Kazi Mehetazul Islam, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, José F. Silveira
Journal of Parasitology Research.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra theileri Compared with Other Spirometra Species
Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 139. CrossRef
A survey of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in a human–animal–environmental interface: the Oloisukut Conservancy, Narok County, Kenya
E. Mulinge, E. Zeyhle, J. Mpario, M. Mugo, L. Nungari, B. Ngugi, B. Sankale, P. Gathura, J. Magambo, M. Kachani
Journal of Helminthology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jennah Green, Catherine Jakins, Eyob Asfaw, Nicholas Bruschi, Abbie Parker, Louise de Waal, Neil D’Cruze
Animals.2020; 10(9): 1692. CrossRef
Ocular Sparganosis: The First Report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand
Wilai Saksirisampant, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Buravej Assavapongpaiboon, Sunisa Sintuwong, Wasee Tulvatana
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 577. CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Spirometra Tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Carnivorous Mammals in the Serengeti and Selous Ecosystems of Tanzania
Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 653. CrossRef

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Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variability of Spirometra Species in Asian Countries: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):481-487.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.481

Abstract
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Mitochondrial DNA sequence variability of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in GenBank was observed by reinvestigation of mitochondrial cox1 and cytb sequences. The DNA sequences were analyzed in this study, comprising complete DNA sequences of cox1 (n=239) and cytb (n=213) genes. The 10 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of Spirometra species were compared with those of Korea, China and Japan. The sequences were analyzed for nucleotide composition, conserved sites, variable sites, singleton sites and parsimony-informative sites. Phylogenetic analyses was done using neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood on cox1 and cytb sequences of Spirometra species. These polymorphic sites identified 148 (cox1) and 83 (cytb) haplotypes within 239 and 213 isolates from 3 Asian countries. Phylogenetic tree topologies were presented high-level confidence values for the 2 major branches of 2 Spirometra species containing S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens, and S. decipiens sub-clades including all sequences registered as S. erinaceieuropaei in cox1 and cytb genes. These results indicated that mitochondrial haplotypes of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens were found in the 3 Asian countries.

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Molecular Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) in North of Iran
Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 574. CrossRef
Morphological observation and molecular phylogeny of Spirometra decipiens complex 1 (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in cat from Chile
Fernando Fredes, Rubén Mercado, Ismael Pereira Salas, Hiromu Sugiyama, Hirotaka Kobayashi, Hiroshi Yamasaki
Parasitology International.2022; 87: 102493. CrossRef
Insights to helminth infections in food and companion animals in Bangladesh: Occurrence and risk profiling
Tilak Chandra Nath, Keeseon S. Eom, Seongjun Choe, Saiful Islam, Siblee Sadik Sabuj, Eva Saha, Rumman Hossain Tuhin, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Sunmin Kim, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2022; 17: e00245. CrossRef
Genetic structure of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) populations in China revealed by a Target SSR-seq method
Fang Fang Xu, Wen Qing Chen, Wei Liu, Sha Sha Liu, Yi Xing Wang, Jing Chen, Jing Cui, Xi Zhang
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Oranuch Sanpool, Rutchanee Rodpai, Lakkhana Sadaow, Porntip Laummaunwai, Mesa Un, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Sakhone Laymanivong, Win Pa Pa Aung, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Parasitology International.2021; 80: 102181. CrossRef
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Joohyung Kim, Younsung Ock, Kihwan Yang, Seongjun Choe, Kyung-Mee Park, Wan-Kyu Lee, Kyung-Chul Choi, Soochong Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Seung-Hun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 153. CrossRef
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Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104466. CrossRef
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Juan Pablo Arrabal, Matías Gastón Pérez, Lucas Federico Arce, Laura Kamenetzky
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2020; 13: 142. CrossRef
Ocular Sparganosis: The First Report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand
Wilai Saksirisampant, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Buravej Assavapongpaiboon, Sunisa Sintuwong, Wasee Tulvatana
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 577. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Clonorchiasis Case of a Leopard Cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, Diagnosed by Ultrasonography and Egg Detection in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Jeong-Jin Yang, Jeongho Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):299-302.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.299

Abstract
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A clonorchiasis case in a captive leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies found in the bile juice sample in the Korea. The leopard cat was introduced from the wild habitat of Gyeongsangnam-do, to Cheongju Zoo in Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea in August 2014. Physical examinations were basically performed for quarantine and check-up health. The cat was comparatively good in health except anorexia. The cyst-like bile duct dilation and the increased echogenicity of gall bladder wall and hepatic parenchyma were observed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was conducted for collecting bile juice and the specimens were observed under light microscope. The numerous small trematode eggs were detected in the bile juice sample of the light microscopy. The eggs were 25-33 (28±3) μm by 18-22 (20±1) μm in size and showed typical characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis egg, i.e., a dominantly developed operculum, shoulder rim and dust-like wrinkles in surface. To treat the liver fluke infection, 20 mg/kg of praziquantel was orally administered only once to the case. Follow-up studies including fecal examinations were conducted during 2 years after treatment. But no more eggs were detected from the case. In the present study, we described the first clonorchiasis case of leopard cat, which was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies from the bile juice sample in Korea.

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Metabarcoding of pathogenic parasites based on copro-DNA analysis of wild animals in South Korea
Jun Ho Choi, Soo Lim Kim, Dong Kyun Yoo, Myung-hee Yi, Singeun Oh, Myungjun Kim, Sohyeon Yun, Tai-Soon Yong, Seongjun Choe, Jong Koo Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
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Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):55-60.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.55

Abstract
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This study was undertaken to determine the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence and structure of the mitochondrial genome of Spirometra ranarum, and to compare it with those of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The aim of this study was to provide information of the species level taxonomy of Spirometra spp. using the mitochondrial genomes of 3 Spirometra tapeworms. The S. ranarum isolate originated from Myanmar. The mitochondrial genome sequence of S. ranarum was compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680) and S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679). The complete mtDNA sequence of S. ranarum comprised 13,644 bp. The S. ranarum mt genome contained 36 genes comprising 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. The mt genome lacked the atp8 gene, as found for other cestodes. All genes in the S. ranarum mitochondrial genome are transcribed in the same direction and arranged in the same relative position with respect to gene loci as found for S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens mt genomes. The overall nucleotide sequence divergence of 12 protein-coding genes between S. ranarum and S. decipiens differed by 1.5%, and 100% sequence similarity was found in the cox2 and nad6 genes, while the DNA sequence divergence of the cox1, nad1, and nad4 genes of S. ranarum and S. decipiens was 2.2%, 2.1%, and 2.6%, respectively.

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Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Yeseul Kang, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):509-513.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.509

Abstract
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Present study was performed to survey infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae in 2 alien fish species, Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), in 2 rivers draining Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 107 largemouth bass and 244 bluegills were caught in Daecheong-ho (ho=lake) and Musim-cheon (a branch of Geum-gang), in Chungcheongbuk-do April-July 2015. Additionally, 68 native fish of 5 species, i.e., Zacco platypus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Carassius auratus, Pseudogobio esocinus and Puntungia herzi, were caught from the same water bodies. All of the fish collected were examined by artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Metagonimus sp. and Diplostomum spp. were detected from 4 out of 5 native fish species in Daecheong-ho. However, any metacercariae were not found from 87 M. salmoides and 177 L. macrochirus in Daecheong-ho. In Musim-cheon, metacercariae of Exorchis oviformis and Metacercaria hasegawai were detected from 78% Z. platypus and 34% L. macrochirus, but any metacercariae not found in M. salmoides. We report here that the 2 alien fish species were less infected with the metacercariae than the native ones. Surveys on the metacercariae in the alien fish species in geographically various rivers should be undertaken for better understanding on the role of alien fish species in the trematode infections in Republic of Korea.

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Molecular and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum Found in the Stool of African Lion, Panthera leo in the Serengeti Plain of Tanzania: Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Julius Keyyu, Robert Fyumagwa, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):379-383.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.379

Abstract
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The present study was performed with morphological and molecular analysis (cox1 and nad1 mitochondrial genes) to identify the proglottids of spirometrid tapeworm found in the stool of an African lion, Panthera leo, in the Serengeti plain of Tanzania. A strand of tapeworm strobila, about 75 cm in length, was obtained in the stool of a male African lion in the Serengeti National Park (34˚ 50’ E, 02˚ 30’ S), Tanzania, in February 2012. The morphological features of the adult worm examined exhibited 3 uterine coils with a bow tie appearance and adopted a diagonal direction in the second turn. The posterior uterine coils are larger than terminal uterine ball and the feature of uteri are swirling rather than spirally coiling. The sequence difference between the Spirometra species (Tanzania origin) and S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680) was 9.4% while those of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) differed by 2.1% in the cox1 and nad1 genes. Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using the 2 analytic methods were identical and presented high level of confidence values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in the cox1 gene. The morphological and molecular findings obtained in this study were nearly coincided with those of S. ranarum. Therefore, we can know for the first time that the African lion, Panthera leo, is to the definitive host of this tapeworm.

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Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens
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Original Article

Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):359-364.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.359

Abstract
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The taxonomy of Spirometra species has been controversial despite the medical and veterinary importance. Currently, only a few Spirometra species are considered valid species in the genus Spirometra. In the present study, the distribution of Spirometra species obtained from animals in Korea were identified by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. A total of 28 Spirometra species specimens were analyzed. These were all collected between 1973 and 2008 in the Republic of Korea. Mitochondrial cox1 sequences were examined for a total of 28 specimens comprising 14 S. decipiens and 14 S. ranarum. The difference in partial cox1 sequences (316 bp) between S. erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) and S. ranarum (this study) was 9.3%, while that between S. decipiens (KJ599679) and S. ranarum (this study) was 2.2%. Genetic analyses identified 2 Spirometra species in animals such as cat, leopard cat, dog, duck and snake in Korea as S. decipiens and S. ranarum. S. decipiens and S. ranarum were present in Gyeongnam Province (P), Jeonnam P, Gangwon P, Chungbuk P, and Seoul. S. decipiens was found in tadpoles, snakes, ducks, cats, leopard cats and dogs, while S. ranarum was found in cats and dogs. The ratio of S. decipiens:S. ranarum calculated from the molecular data was 14:14 (or 1:1). These results indicate that S. decipiens and S. ranarum are sympatrically distributed in Korea.

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Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens
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Brief Communication

Differential Diagnosis of Human Sparganosis Using Multiplex PCR: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):295-300.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.295

Abstract
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Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens isolated in Korea have been recorded. Present study was performed to provide information to diagnose the etiologic agent of sparganosis by multiplex PCR using mitochondrial genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. In an effort to examine the differential diagnosis of spirometrid tapeworms, multiplex PCR assays were performed on plerocercoid larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The PCR products obtained using species-specific primers were positively detected in all PCR assays on mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens DNA. S. erinaceieuropaei-specific bands (239 bp and 401 bp) were obtained from all PCR assays using a mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Se-2018R; Se/Sd-7955F and Se-8356R) and S. erinaceieuropaei template DNA. S. decipiens-specific bands (540 bp and 644 bp) were also detected in all PCR assays containing mixtures of S. decipiens-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Sd-2317R; Se/Sd-7955F and Sd-8567R) and S. decipiens template DNA. Sequence analyses on these species-specific bands revealed 100% sequence identity with homologous regions of the mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The multiplex PCR assay was useful for differential diagnosis of human sparganosis by detecting different sizes in species-specific bands.

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Original Article

Genetic and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum in Myanmar: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):275-280.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.275

Abstract
PDF

In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

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Blaine A. Mathison, Richard S. Bradbury, Bobbi S. Pritt, Romney M. Humphries
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Brief Communications

Spirometra decipiens (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) Collected in A Heavily Infected Stray Cat from the Republic of Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):87-91.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.87

Abstract
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Morphological and molecular characteristics of spirometrid tapeworms, Spirometra decipiens, were studied, which were recovered from a heavily infected stray cat road-killed in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea). A total of 134 scolices and many broken immature and mature proglottids of Spirometra tapeworms were collected from the small intestine of the cat. Morphological observations were based on 116 specimens. The scolex was 22.8-32.6 mm (27.4 mm in average) in length and small spoon-shape with 2 distinct bothria. The uterus was coiled 3-4 times, the end of the uterus was ball-shaped, and the vaginal aperture shaped as a crescent moon was closer to the cirrus aperture than to the uterine aperture. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the cox1 target fragment (377 bp in length and corresponding to positions 769-1,146 bp of the cox1 gene) were performed using total genomic DNA extracted from 134 specimens. The cox1 sequences (377 bp) of the specimens showed 99.0% similarity to the reference sequence of S. decipiens and 89.3% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei. In the present study, we report a stray cat heavily infected with S. decipiens identified by mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis and morphological examinations of the adult worms.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 359. CrossRef

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New Record of Aspidogaster ijimai Kawamura, 1913 (Trematoda: Aspidogastridae) from Cyprinus carpio in Korea: Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):575-578.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.575

Abstract
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Aspidogastrid trematodes (Subclass Aspidogastrea) are a relatively small group with a characteristic adhesive disc and parasitize in a variety of cold-blooded hosts. Until now, only 2 species in the genus Cotylaspis, i.e., C. coreensis and C. sinensis, have been reported as the aspidogastrid trematode in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). In the present study, we intended to describe a species of aspidogastrids collected from the small intestine of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in a faunistic point of view. Total 51 specimens were collected from a carp caught in Nakdong-gang (River) on May 2015. Some of them were prepared as the specimens for light microscopic observations, and some others were prepared for SEM. They were slightly elongated without head lobes, 2,432×840 μm in average size, and had characteristic adhesive discs with 4 rows and 46 alveoli in average. The ovary was reniform and was located in the posterior-upper part of the body. The single testis was larger than the ovary and was located below the ovary. The uterus was coiled containing numerous eggs and distributed in the posterior 2/3 of the body. The vitellaria were follicular, and distributed from the mid-level of testis to near the posterior end. The morphological characters with dimensions of our specimens were closely identical with those of Aspidogaster ijimai previously described. A new aspidogastrid is added among the Korean trematode fauna by the present study.

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Case Reports

Canine Wound Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hakhyun Kim, Ji-Houn Kang, Cha-Ho Jee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):667-671.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.667

Abstract
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Myiasis is a relatively common infection of animals kept as pets, although only 1 case of canine myiasis has been described so far in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we report an additional case of canine wound myiasis with identification of its causative agent, Lucilia sericata. An 8-year-old male Siberian husky dog was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea to the Chungbuk National University Veterinary Medical Center, Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea in July 2013. Physical examination indicated the patient had a deep wound filled with a maggot swarm as a left gluteal lesion. A total of 216 maggots were removed by forceps, and the wounded area was sponged with gauzes and disinfected with 70% alcohol and a povidone-iodine solution. After daily care and suturing the wound, the patient was discharged at day 19 after admission. Recovered worms possessed morphological characteristics similar to those of L. sericata, namely, a sub-cylindrical body with 6-8 lobed anterior spiracles, round shaped with a button surrounded by a peritremal ring with no gaps, and similar distances between dorsal, median, and outer papillae of the 12th segment. Additionally, cox1 partial sequences (528 bp) obtained in the present study showed 100% identity with those of L. sericata (GenBank no. KT272854.1). L. sericata is indicated as a pathogen of myiasis infection not only in humans, but also in animals kept as pets in Korea.

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A Case of Chaunocephalosis by Chaunocephalus ferox (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in an Oriental White Stork, Ciconia boyciana, in Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Ki-Jeong Na, Shi-Ryong Park, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):659-665.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.659

Abstract
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We intended to describe a case of chaunocephalosis and morphological characteristics of its causative agent, Chaunocephalus ferox, recovered from an oriental white stork, Ciconia boyciana, in the Republic of Korea. An oriental white stork was referred to the Wildlife Center of Chungbuk in Korea in February 2014 for severe depression with cachexia and it died the next day. At necropsy, the stomach was severely expanded and 7 thick-walled nodules were observed in the upper part of the intestine. Although the stomach was filled with full of foreign materials, the intestine was almost empty. The nodules were globular and total 9 flukes were recovered. They were 8,030-8,091 μm in length and 3,318-3,333 μm in maximum width. Because the flukes had bulbous forebody with short narrow subcylindrical hindbody, 27 collar spines, and vitelline follicles not reaching to the posterior end, the specimens were identified as being C. ferox. The cyst formation induced thickening of the intestinal wall with narrowing of the lumen that could have contributed to the gastric impaction to the death of the host. This is the first described case of chaunocephalosis and its causative agent C. ferox found from an oriental white stork in Korea.

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New Definitive Hosts and Differential Body Indices of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Catenotaenia dendritica (Cestoda: Catenotaeniidae) and Three Ectoparasite Species in the Red Squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, from Cheongju, Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Ki-Jeong Na, In-Yong Lee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):509-518.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.509

Abstract
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Parasites are recorded from the red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, from Cheongju, the Republic of Korea. A total of 5 road-killed squirrels were thoroughly examined for internal and external parasites from November 2011 to May 2014. Total 4 parasite species, including 1 tapeworm and 3 ectoparasite species were recovered. They were morphologically identified as Catenotaenia dendritica (Cestoda: Catenotaeniidae), Hirstionyssus sciurinus, Leptotrombidium pallidum, and Ceratophyllus (Monopsyllus) indages. Among them, C. dendritica and H. sciurinus are recorded for the first time in the Korean parasite fauna. In addition, the possibility that the red squirrel could act as a reservoir host for a zoonotic disease like tsutsugamushi disease with L. pallidum as its vector has been raised.

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Molecular Detection of Spirometra decipiens in the United States: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):503-507.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.503

Abstract
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The genus Spirometra belongs to the family Diphyllobothriidae and order Pseudophyllidea, and includes intestinal parasites of cats and dogs. In this study, a plerocercoid labeled as Spirometra mansonoides from the USA was examined for species identification and phylogenetic analysis using 2 complete mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3). The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the plerocercoid specimen (USA) showed 99.2% similarity to the reference sequences of the plerocercoid of Korean Spirometra decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679), and 99.1% similarity in regard to nad3 (346 bp). Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using 4 analytical methods were identical and showed high confidence levels with bootstrap values of 1.00, 100%, 100%, and 100% for Bayesian inference (BI), maximum-likelihood (ML), neighbor-joining (NJ), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, respectively. Representatives of Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra species formed a monophyletic group, and the sister-genera status between these species was well supported. Trapezoic proglottids in the posterior 1/5 region of an adult worm obtained from an experimentally infected cat were morphologically examined. The outer uterine loop of the uterus coiling characteristically consisted of 2 complete turns. The results clearly indicated that the examined Spirometra specimen from the USA matched to S. decipiens very well, and indicated possible presence of the life cycle of this species in this region.

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Shoko YOGO, Sakurako IMAMURA, Kiko NAGAI, Kayo HARADA, Eiji NAGAYASU, Haruhiko MARUYAMA, Kazunori URABE
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 577. CrossRef
Spirometra decipiens (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) Collected in A Heavily Infected Stray Cat from the Republic of Korea
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom
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Two Echinostome Species, Pegosomum bubulcum and Nephrostomum ramosum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), from an Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Eunju Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):485-496.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.485

Abstract
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We describe 2 echinostome species recovered from an Eastern cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, from Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea. Total 72 Pegosomum bubulcum specimens were recovered from the bile duct. They were 7,566×2,938 μm in average size and had 27 collar spines with vitelline extension from anterior 1/3 level of the esophagus to mid-level of the posterior testis as characteristic features. Total 9 specimens of Nephrostomum ramosum were recovered in the small intestines of the bird. They were ribbon-shaped, 11,378×2,124 μm in average size, and morphologically variable in some organs, i.e., the number of collar spines (47-50), the shape of ovary and testes, and the extension of vitelline follicles. These morphological variations observed in a single host indicated that these features are not critical for the classification of Nephrostomum species and thus were reconsidered taxonomically as synonym of N. ramosum. This study is the first report documenting and describing both flukes and their associated genera in Korea.

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Brief Communications

New Record of Schistorophus cirripedesmi (Nematoda: Acuariidae) from a Bar-Tailed Godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri (Charadriformes: Scolopacidae) in Korea: Seongjun Choe, Hyun Kim, Junsik Lim, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Heejong Kim, Youngjun Kim, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):349-355.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.349

Abstract
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In July 2014, a nematode species, Schistorophus cirripedesmi Rhizhikov and Khokhlova, 1964, was recovered from a bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri that was stored in a -20˚C freezer in the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center. The bird was collected in 2012 from the coastal region of Pyeongtaek-si (City), Gyeonggi-do (Province) in the Republic of Korea, although the exact date is not clear. At necropsy, 9 nematodes were found in the gizzard of the bird. The parasites had 4 horn-like cephalic cuticular ornamentations. After morphometric comparison and morphological observations, including scanning electron microscopy, the nematodes were identified as S. cirripedesmi. This is the first description of a nematode species in a shorebird in Korea. This is also the first time this genus and species have been found in Korea.

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Three Nematode Species Recovered from Terrestrial Snakes in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Junsik Lim, Hyun Kim, Youngjun Kim, Heejong Kim, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):205-213.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.205

Abstract
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The majority of parasitological studies of terrestrial snakes in Korea have focused on zoonotic parasites. However, in the present study, we describe 3 unrecorded nematode species recovered from 5 species of snakes (n=6) in Korea. The examined snakes, all confiscated from illegal hunters, were donated by the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center and Korean Broadcasting System in July 2014 and February 2015. Light and scanning electron microscopies on the shapes of spicules that are either bent or straight (kalicephalids) and the presence of the intestinal cecum (ophidascarids) figured out 3 nematodes; Kalicephalus brachycephalus Maplestone, 1931, Kalicephalus sinensis Hs?, 1934, and Ophidascaris excavata Hs? and Hoeppli, 1934. These 3 species of nematode faunas are recorded for the first time in Korea.

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Original Articles

Genetic Identification of Spirometra decipiens Plerocercoids in Terrestrial Snakes from Korea and China: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Woon- Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):181-185.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.181

Abstract
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Human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with larval forms (procercoid/plerocercoid) of Spirometra spp. The purpose of this study was to identify Spirometra spp. of infected snakes using a multiplex PCR assay and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the spargana of terrestrial snakes obtained from Korea and China. A total of 283 snakes were obtained that included 4 species of Colubridae comprising Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus (n=150), Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum (n=64), Elaphe davidi (n=2), and Elaphe schrenkii (n=7), and 1 species of Viperidae, Agkistrodon saxatilis (n=60). The snakes were collected from the provinces of Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk in Korea (n=161), and from China (n=122). The overall infection rate with spargana was 83% (235/283). The highest was recorded for D. rufozonatum rufozonatum (100%), followed by A. saxatilis (85%) and R. tigrinus tigrinus (80%), with a negative result for E. davidi (0%) and E. schrenkii (0%). The sequence identities between the spargana from snakes (n=50) and Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) or S. decipiens (KJ599679) control specimens were 90.8% and 99.2%, respectively. Pairwise genetic distances between spargana (n=50) and S. decipiens ranged from 0.0080 to 0.0107, while those between spargana and S. erinaceieuropaei ranged from 0.1070 to 0.1096. In this study, all of the 904 spargana analyzed were identified as S. decipiens either by a multiplex PCR assay (n=854) or mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis (n=50).

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Development of EST-derived microsatellite markers to investigate the population structure of sparganum — the causative agent of zoonotic sparganosis
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Li He, Zheng-Ming Fang, Ting Xue, Er-Fu Zhang, Chun-Li An
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Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom
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Human Sparganosis in Korea
Jeong-Geun Kim, Chun-Seob Ahn, Woon-Mok Sohn, Yukifumi Nawa, Yoon Kong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom
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Tetsuya Okino, Hiroshi Ushirogawa, Kumiko Matoba, Shin-ichiro Nishimatsu, Mineki Saito
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Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens (Cestoidea: Diphyllobothriidae): Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):455-463.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.455

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to compare the mitochondrial genomes between 2 Spirometra tapeworms, Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and Spirometra decipiens (Cestoidea: Diphyllobothriidae), which larval stages are important etiological agents of sparganosis in humans. For each species, the full mitochondrial genome was amplified in 8 overlapping fragments using total genomic DNA purified from a single worm as the template. The mitochondrial genomes were 13,643 bp (S. erinaceieuropaei) and 13,641 bp (S. decipiens) in length and contained 36 genes; 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA, small and large subunits), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The 12 protein-coding genes constituted 10,083 bp (S. erinaceieuropaei) and 10,086 bp (S. decipiens) of their respective mitochondrial genomes. The tRNA genes, ranging in length from 56 to 70 bp, were identified based on putative secondary structures such as the typical cloverleaf shape. A total of 23 intergenic sequences, varying from 1 to 204 bp in size, were interspersed in S. erinaceieuropaei (total, 504 bp) and S. decipiens (total, 496 bp) mtDNA. The 12 protein-coding genes of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens differed by 12.4%, whereas the overall difference in mtDNA sequence between S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens was 12.9%. Thus, from the standpoint of the mitochondrial genome, S. decipiens represents a valid species that can be distinguished from S. erinaceieuropaei.

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Mahboobeh Salimi, Meysam Sharifdini, Eshrat Beigom Kia
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Yen Thi Hoang NGUYEN, Lan Anh Thi NGUYEN, Hieu VAN DONG, Hieu Duc DUONG, Ayako YOSHIDA
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Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence Support the Existence of a New Spirometra Species, Spirometra Asiana, (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in the Wild Boar
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Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Woon- Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom
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Human Infections with Spirometra decipiens Plerocercoids Identified by Morphologic and Genetic Analyses in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):299-305.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.299

Abstract
PDF

Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are pseudophyllidean cestodes endemic in Korea. At present, it is unclear which Spirometra species are responsible for causing human infections, and little information is available on the epidemiological profiles of Spirometra species infecting humans in Korea. Between 1979 and 2009, a total of 50 spargana from human patients and 2 adult specimens obtained from experimentally infected carnivorous animals were analyzed according to genetic and taxonomic criteria and classified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei or Spirometra decipiens depending on the morphology. Morphologically, S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens are different in that the spirally coiled uterus in S. erinaceieuropaei has 5-7 complete coils, while in S. decipiens it has only 4.5 coils. In addition, there is a 9.3% (146/1,566) sequence different between S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens in the cox1 gene. Partial cox1 sequences (390 bp) from 35 Korean isolates showed 99.4% (388/390) similarity with the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from Korea (G1724; GenBank KJ599680) and an additional 15 Korean isolates revealed 99.2% (387/390) similarity with the reference sequences of S. decipiens from Korea (G1657; GenBank KJ599679). Based on morphologic and molecular databases, the estimated population ratio of S. erinaceieuropaei to S. decipiens was 35: 15. Our results indicate that both S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens found in Korea infect humans, with S. erinaceieuropaei being 2 times more prevalent than S. decipiens. This study is the first to report human sparganosis caused by S. decipiens in humans in Korea.

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Case Report

Strongyloides myopotami (Secernentea: Strongyloididae) from the Intestine of Feral Nutrias (Myocastor coypus) in Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Mihyeon Oh, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):531-535.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.531

Abstract
PDF

Surveys on helminthic fauna of the nutria, Myocastor coypus, have seldom been performed in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we describe Strongyloides myopotami (Secernentea: Strongyloididae) recovered from the small intestine of feral nutrias. Total 10 adult nutrias were captured in a wetland area in Gimhae-si (City), Gyeongsangnam-do (Province) in April 2013. They were transported to our laboratory, euthanized with ether, and necropsied. About 1,300 nematode specimens were recovered from 10 nutrias, and some of them were morphologically observed by light and scanning electron microscopies. They were 3.7-4.7 (4.0±0.36) mm in length, 0.03-0.04 (0.033) mm in width. The worm dimension and other morphological characters, including prominent lips of the vulva, blunted conical tail, straight type of the ovary, and 8-chambered stoma, were all consistent with S. myopotami. This nematode fauna is reported for the first time in Korea.

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Original Articles

Three Echinostome Species from Wild Birds in the Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Mihyeon Oh, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Hang Lee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):513-520.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.513

Abstract
PDF

Three echinostome species, i.e., Patagifer bilobus, Petasiger neocomense, and Saakotrema metatestis, are newly recorded in the trematode fauna of the Republic of Korea. They were recovered from 3 species of migratory birds (Platalea minor, Podiceps cristatus, and Egretta garzetta), which were donated by the Wildlife Center of Chungbuk (WCC) and the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB). Only 1 P. bilobus specimen was recovered from the intestine of a black-faced spoonbill (P. minor), and characterized by the bilobed head crown with a deep dorsal incision and 54 collar spines. Twenty P. neocomense were recovered from the intestine of a great crested grebe (P. cristatus), and they had a well-developed head crown with 19 spines and 2 testes obliquely located at the posterior middle of the body. Total 70 S. metatestis were collected from the bursa of Fabricius of 1 little egret (E. garzetta). It is characterized by stout tegumental spines covered in the entire leaf-shaped body, posterior extension of the uterus, presence of the uroproct and a well-developed head crown with 12 pairs of collar spines on each side. By the present study, these 3 echinostome species are newly added to the trematode fauna in Korea.

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Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
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The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
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First record of Patagifer bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), with a morphological and molecular characterization from two threskiornithid species in Mexico
Ana Lucia Sereno-Uribe, Marcelo Tonatiuh González-García, Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares, Alejandra López-Jiménez, Martín García-Varela, Leopoldo Andrade-Gómez
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EXAMINATION OF HELMINTH PARASITES IN THE FECAL SAMPLES OF MAGPIES (Pica pica), JACKDAWS (Corvus monedula), AND ROOKS (Corvus frugilegus) IN THE VICINITIES OF VAN PROVINCE/TURKEY
Ali Bilgin YILMAZ, Erkan AZİZOĞLU, Özdemir ADIZEL
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Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 273. CrossRef
Infections of Two Isthmiophora Species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Wild Mammals from Republic of Korea with Their Morphological Descriptions
Seongjun Choe, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Jeong-Jin Yang, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 647. CrossRef
Echinochasmus swabiensis n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Black Kite (Milvus Migrans Migrans) in Swabi District, Pakistan
S. Suleman, M. S. Khan, X. Q. Zhu, A. M. Dharejo, E. C. Uwalaka, M. Shah, O. A. Adediran
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Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Snails and Adults from Experimental Rats in Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541. CrossRef
Two Echinostome Species, Pegosomum bubulcum and Nephrostomum ramosum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), from an Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, in Republic of Korea
Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Eunju Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(4): 485. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Helminthic Infections among Inhabitants of Lao PDR: Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Virasack Banouvong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):51-56.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.51

Abstract
PDF

The prevalence of helminthic infections was surveyed on a total of 6,178 residents (males 2,549 and females 3,629) in 102 villages of 9 provinces in Lao PDR between 2007 and 2011 under the project of Korea-Laos Collaborative Project for Control of Foodborne Trematode Infections in Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and Stoll's egg counting techniques. The overall liver/intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 71.9% with a single or mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF), Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Trichostrongylus sp., echinostomes, Taenia spp., and others. Ov/MIF revealed the highest prevalence (55.6%) followed by hookworms (27.8%) and T. trichiura (6.5%). The endemic regions with the highest prevalence of Ov/MIF were Savannakhet, Khammouane, Vientiane (Nam Ngum), Champasak (Khong Island), and Saravane Province. High prevalences of A. lumbricoides (33.8%), hookworms (47.8%), and T. trichiura (32.6%) were observed in Phongsaly, Luang Prabang, and Vientiane (Nam Ngum) areas, respectively. The results of this study highlight helminth parasites of current public health significance in different areas of Lao PDR.

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Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Haplorchis taichui and Comparative Analysis with Other Trematodes: Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):719-726.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.719

Abstract
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Mitochondrial genomes have been extensively studied for phylogenetic purposes and to investigate intra- and interspecific genetic variations. In recent years, numerous groups have undertaken sequencing of platyhelminth mitochondrial genomes. Haplorchis taichui (family Heterophyidae) is a trematode that infects humans and animals mainly in Asia, including the Mekong River basin. We sequenced and determined the organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of H. taichui. The mitochondrial genome is 15,130 bp long, containing 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs, a small and a large subunit), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Like other trematodes, it does not encode the atp8 gene. All genes are transcribed from the same strand. The ATG initiation codon is used for 9 protein-coding genes, and GTG for the remaining 3 (nad1, nad4, and nad5). The mitochondrial genome of H. taichui has a single long non-coding region between trnE and trnG. H. taichui has evolved as being more closely related to Opisthorchiidae than other trematode groups with maximal support in the phylogenetic analysis. Our results could provide a resource for the comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of trematodes, and may yield genetic markers for molecular epidemiological investigations into intestinal flukes.

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Brief Communication

Human Neurocysticercosis Case and an Endemic Focus of Taenia solium in Lao PDR: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):599-602.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.599

Abstract
PDF

A male patient with neurocysticercosis was identified in Montai Village, Xay District, Oudomxay Province, Lao PDR in February 2004. He had a history of diagnosis for neurocysticercosis by a CT scan in Thailand after an onset of epileptic seizure in 1993. A pig in the same district was found to contain Taenia solium metacestodes (=cysticerci); the slaughtered pig body contained more than 2,000 cysticerci. In addition to morphological identification, molecular identification was also performed on the cysticerci by DNA sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene; they were confirmed as T. solium metacestodes. The patient is regarded as an indigenous case of neurocysticercosis infected in an endemic focus of T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Oudomxay Province, Lao PDR.

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Original Article

Hyperendemicity of Haplorchis taichui Infection among Riparian People in Saravane and Champasak Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tae-Yun Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Lay Sisabath, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):305-311.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.305

Abstract
PDF

In this study, we found that Haplorchis taichui, a heterophyid intestinal fluke, is highly prevalent, with heavy worm loads, among riparian people in Saravane and Champasak province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 1,460 people (717 men and 743 women) in 12 riparian (Mekong river) districts and were examined by the Kato-Katz fecal smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 78.8% and 66.4% in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively. The positive rate for small trematode eggs (STE), which included H. taichui and other heterophyids, Opisthorchis viverrini, and lecithodendriids, was 69.9% and 46.3% in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively. To obtain adult flukes, 30 STE-positive people were treated with 40 mg/kg praziquantel and then purged. Whole diarrheic stools were collected 4-5 times for each person and searched for fluke specimens using a stereomicroscope. Mixed infections with various species of trematodes (H. taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, O. viverrini, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Centrocestus formosanus, and Echinochasmus japonicus) and a species of cestode (Taenia saginata) were found. However, the worm load was exceptionally high for H. taichui compared with other trematode species, with an average of 21,565 and 12,079 specimens per infected person in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively, followed by H. pumilio (41.9 and 22.5, respectively) and O. viverrini (9.4 and 1.5, respectively). These results show that diverse species of intestinal and liver flukes are prevalent among riparian people in Saravane and Champasak province, Lao PDR, with H. taichui being the exceptionally dominant species.

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Brief Communication

Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Jong Rim, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Virasack Banouvong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):259-263.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.259

Abstract
PDF

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

Molecular Approaches to Taenia asiatica: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):1-8.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.

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Brief Communication

Human Infections with Liver and Minute Intestinal Flukes in Guangxi, China: Analysis by DNA Sequencing, Ultrasonography, and Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Hongman Zhang, Yichao Yang, Xueming Li, Keeseon S Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):391-394.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.391

Abstract
PDF

The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was determined by surveying inhabitants of Hengxuan, Fusui, and Shanglin villages which were known to be endemic for liver flukes in Guangxi, China in May 2010. A total of 718 people were examined for helminth eggs by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique, ultrasonography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and DNA sequencing. The overall egg positive rate was found to be 59.6% (28.0-70.6%) that included mixed infections with liver and intestinal flukes. Cases showing higher than 20,000 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were detected between 1.3% and 16.2%. Ultrasonographic findings exhibited overall 28.2% (72 of 255 cases) dilatation rate of the intrahepatic bile duct. Clonorchis sinensis infection was detected serologically in 88.3% (38 of 43 cases) among C. sinensis egg positive subjects by the immunoaffinity chromatography using a specific antigen for C. sinensis. For differential diagnosis of the liver and intestinal flukes, more precise PCR and nucleotide sequencing for copro-DNA were performed for 46 egg positive cases. Mixed infections with C. sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in 8 of 46 egg positive cases, whereas 29 specimens were positive for Haplorchis taichui. Ultrasonographic findings and immunoaffinity chromatography results showed usefulness, even in a limited way, in figuring out of the liver fluke endemicity.

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Original Article

Morphologic and Genetic Identification of Taenia Tapeworms in Tanzania and DNA Genotyping of Taenia solium: Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Charles Kihamia, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):399-403.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.399

Abstract
PDF

Species identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed using morphologic observations and multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. In 2008 and 2009, a total of 1,057 fecal samples were collected from residents of Kongwa district of Dodoma region, Tanzania, and examined microscopically for helminth eggs and proglottids. Of these, 4 Taenia egg positive cases were identified, and the eggs were subjected to DNA analysis. Several proglottids of Taenia solium were recovered from 1 of the 4 cases. This established that the species were T. solium (n=1) and T. saginata (n=3). One further T. solium specimen was found among 128 fecal samples collected from Mbulu district in Arusha, and this had an intact strobila with the scolex. Phylegenetic analysis of the mtDNA cox1 gene sequences of these 5 isolates showed that T. saginata was basal to the T. solium clade. The mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences of 3 of these Tanzanian isolates showed 99% similarity to T. saginata, and the other 2 isolates showed 100% similarity to T. solium. The present study has shown that Taenia tapeworms are endemic in Kongwa district of Tanzania, as well as in a previously identified Mbulu district. Both T. solium isolates were found to have an "African/Latin American" genotype (cox1).

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Brief Communication

Molecular Identification of Taenia Tapeworms by Cox1 Gene in Koh Kong, Cambodia: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Jong Hong, Eun-Taek Han, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Tep Chhakda, Muth Sinuon, Duong Socheat, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):195-197.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.195

Abstract
PDF

We collected fecal samples from 21 individuals infected with Taenia tapeworms in Koh Kong Province, Cambodia, and performed nucleotide sequencing of the cox1 gene and multiplex PCR on the eggs for DNA differential diagnosis of human Taenia tapeworms. Genomic DNA was extracted from the eggs of a minimum number of 10 isolated from fecal samples. Using oligonucleotide primers Ta7126F, Ts7313F, Tso7466F, and Rev7915, the multiplex PCR assay proved useful for differentially diagnosing Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Taenia asiatica based on 706, 629, and 474 bp bands, respectively. All of the Taenia specimens from Kho Kong, Cambodia, were identified as either T. saginata (n=19) or T. solium (n=2) by cox1 sequencing and multiplex PCR.

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Original Article

Morphologic and Genetic Identification of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Sun Huh, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):369-375.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.369

Abstract
PDF

Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense was first described by Yamane in 1986 but the taxonomical features have been obscure due to lack of critical morphologic criteria in its larval and adult stages. In Korea, this tapeworm had long been known as Diphyllobothrium latum. In this study, we observed 62 specimens collected from Korean residents and analyzed them by morphological features and nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene as well as the ITS1 region. Adult tapeworms were examined after carmine or trichrome stain. Longitudinal sections of the gravid proglottids showed an obtuse angle of about 150 degree between the cirrus sac and seminal vesicle. This angle is known as a major differential point compared with that of D. latum. Nucleotide sequence differences between D. latum and the specimens from Koreans represented 17.3% in mitochondrial DNA cox1 gene. Sequence divergence of ITS1 among 4 Korean isolates was 0.3% and similarity was 99.7% with D. nihonkaiense and D. klebanovskii. All of the Korean specimens analyzed in this study were identified as being D. nihonkaiense (n = 62). We propose its Korean name as "Dong-hae-gin-chon-chung" which means 'long tapeworm of the East Sea' for this newly analyzed diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Korea.

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Mini Review

Geographical Distribution of Taenia asiatica and Related Species: Keeseon S. Eom, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S115.
Published online October 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S115

Abstract
PDF

Geographical information of Taenia asiatica is reviewed together with that of T. solium and T. saginata. Current distribution of T. asiatica was found to be mostly from Asian countries: the Republic of Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand. Molecular genotypic techniques have found out more countries with T. asiatica from Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Specimens used in this paper were collected from around the world and mostly during international collaboration projects of Korean foundations for parasite control activities (1995-2009) in developing countries.

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Brief Communication

Immunoblot Patterns of Taenia asiatica Taeniasis: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(1):73-77.
Published online March 12, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.73

Abstract
PDF

Differential diagnosis of Taenia asiatica infection from other human taeniases by serology has been tested. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) was applied to subjected human sera and tapeworm materials. Thirty-eight proteins reactive to serum IgG were observed between 121 and 10 kDa in adult worms, and more than 22 serum-reactive components between 97 kDa and 21.5 kDa were observed in eggs of T. asiatica. Antigens of adult T. asiatica revealed immunoblot bands between 120 and 21.5 kDa against T. asiatica infected sera. Antigens of adult Taenia saginata revealed 110-100, 66, 58-56, and 46 kDa immunoblot bands against T. asiatica infected sera. Antigens of adult Taenia solium also revealed 99-97, 68-66, and 46 kDa bands against T. asiatica infected sera. The immunoblot band of 21.5 kDa exhibited specificity to T. asiatica.

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Original Article

Sympatric Distribution of Three Human Taenia Tapeworms Collected between 1935 and 2005 in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Hyun-Jong Yang, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):235-241.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.235

Abstract
PDF

Taeniasis has been known as one of the prevalent parasitic infections in Korea. Until recently, Taenia saginata had long been considered a dominant, and widely distributed species but epidemiological profiles of human Taenia species in Korea still remain unclear. In order to better understand distribution patterns of human Taenia tapeworms in Korea, partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) were determined, along with morphological examinations, on 68 Taenia specimens obtained from university museum collections deposited since 1935. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-preserved specimens. Phylogenetic relationships among the genotypes (cox1 haplotype) detected in this study were inferred using the neighbor-joining method as a tree building method. Morphological and genetic analyses identified 3 specimens as T. solium, 51 specimens as T. asiatica, and 14 specimens as T. saginata. Our results indicate that all 3 Taenia tapeworms are sympatrically distributed in Korea with T. asiatica dominating over T. saginata and T. solium.

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