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Original Articles

Vaccinia virus expressing MIC8 and AMA1 provides protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infection
Hae-Ji Kang, Yan Jin, Zhao-Shou Yang, Md Atique Ahmed, Fu-Shi Quan
Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):340-348.
Published online November 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25054
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite capable of causing chronic infection by forming persistent cysts in the brain. Despite its global burden, no approved vaccine exists. Virus-like particle vaccines expressing microneme protein 8 (MIC8) or apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) of T. gondii have previously shown efficacy. In this study, we generated recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) expressing MIC8 and AMA1 and evaluated their efficacy against T. gondii ME49 infection. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with a combination of MIC8 and AMA1 rVVs and challenged orally with T. gondii ME49. Immunization with MIC8+AMA1 rVVs produced a significant increase in T. gondii-specific IgG. Splenocyte analysis revealed robust activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as expansion of memory B cells. The immunized group exhibited an 89.6% reduction in brain cyst count, with significantly improved survival compared to the control group. These findings demonstrate that combining the antigens MIC8 and AMA1 using a vaccinia virus platform can effectively promote both humoral and cellular immunity, supporting its potential as a vaccine strategy against T. gondii ME49.
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  • 18 Download
Expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in the Toxoplasma gondii-infected dendritic cells of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
Jae-Hyung Lee, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee
Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):138-146.
Published online May 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22150
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite which can infect most warm-blooded animals and humans. Among the different mouse models, C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to T. gondii infection compared to BALB/c mice, and this increased susceptibility has been attributed to various factors, including T-cell responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most prominent type of antigen-presenting cells and regulate the host immune response, including the response of T-cells. However, differences in the DC responses of these mouse strains to T. gondii infection have yet to be characterized. In this study, we cultured bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. These cells were infected with T. gondii. The activation of the BMDCs was assessed based on the expression of cell surface markers and cytokines. In the BMDCs of both mouse strains, we detected significant increases in the expression of cell surface T-cell co-stimulatory molecules (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, CD40, CD80, and CD86) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-1β, and IL-10) from 3 h post-T. gondii infection. The expression of MHC II, CD40, CD80, CD86, IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and IL-1β was significantly higher in the T. gondii-infected BMDCs obtained from the C57BL/6 mice than in those from the BALB/c mice. These findings indicate that differences in the activation status of the BMDCs in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice may account for their differential susceptibility to T. gondii.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Anti-tumor effects of Toxoplasma gondii and antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in mice bearing breast cancer
    Bong Kyun Kim, Hei Gwon Choi, Jae-Hyung Lee, In Wook Choi, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • Influenza virus-like particles presenting Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 7 protect mice from lethal ME49 challenge
    Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Su-In Heo, Fu-Shi Quan
    Nanomedicine.2025; 20(18): 2309.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii IST suppresses inflammatory and apoptotic responses by inhibiting STAT1-mediated signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated hepatocytes
    Seung-Hwan Seo, Ji-Eun Lee, Do-Won Ham, Eun-Hee Shin
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Two Mouse Strains
    Daniel G. Diniz, Jhonnathan H. P. de Oliveira, Luma C. F. Guerreiro, Gabriel C. de Menezes, Alexa C. L. de Assis, Tainá Q. Duarte, Izabelly B. D. dos Santos, Flávia D. Maciel, Gabrielly L. da S. Soares, Sanderson C. Araújo, Felipe T. de C. Franco, Ediclei
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(7): 1420.     CrossRef
  • Recombinant SAG2A Protein from Toxoplasma gondii Modulates Immune Profile and Induces Metabolic Changes Associated with Reduced Tachyzoite Infection in Peritoneal Exudate Cells from Susceptible C57BL/6 Mice
    Thaíse Anne Rocha dos Santos, Mário Cézar de Oliveira, Edson Mario de Andrade Silva, Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira, Ana Luísa Corrêa Soares, Neide Maria Silva, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, Jamilly Azevedo Leal-Sena, Jair Pereira
    Microorganisms.2024; 12(11): 2366.     CrossRef
  • 3,846 View
  • 198 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Ampicillin treated German cockroach extract leads to reduced inflammation in human lung cells and a mouse model of Asthma
Seogwon Lee, Myung-Hee Yi, Yun Soo Jang, Jun Ho Choi, Myungjun Kim, Soo Lim Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):60-71.
Published online February 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22147
Cockroaches can cause allergic sensitization in humans via contact with their feces or frass. Antibiotics can affect concentration of major allergen and total bacteria production in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica). This study examined the ability of antibiotic-treated German cockroaches to induce allergic airway inflammation and the effect of antibiotics on their lipopolysaccharide and Bla g1, 2, and 5 expression levels. Specifically, we measured the ability of German cockroach extract (with or without prior antibiotic exposure) to induce allergic inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells and a mouse model of asthma. Bacterial 16S rRNA and lipopolysaccharide levels were lower in ampicillin-treated cockroaches than in the control group. The Bla g1, Bla g2, and Bla g5 expression in ampicillin-treated cockroaches decreased at both the protein and RNA levels. In human bronchial epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B exposed to the ampicillin-treated extract, expression levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were lower than that in the control group. The total cell count and eosinophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also lower in mice exposed to the ampicillin-treated extract than in those exposed to normal cockroach extract. Mouse lung histopathology showed reduced immune cell infiltration and mucus production in the ampicillin group. Our results showed that ampicillin treatment reduced the symbiont bacterial population and major allergen levels in German cockroaches, leading to reduced airway inflammation in mice. These results can facilitate the preparation of protein extracts for immunotherapy or diagnostics applications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Asthma research in mice: An overview of current models and their methodological variability
    Yan-Jiao Chen, Cai-Tao Chen, Gabriel Shimizu Bassi, Yong-Qing Yang
    International Reviews of Immunology.2025; 44(3): 127.     CrossRef
  • Invasive indoor pests under the microbiological lens: bacterial and viral diversity from local to global scales in bed bugs and cockroaches
    Jose E Pietri, Maureen Laroche
    Current Opinion in Insect Science.2025; 69: 101344.     CrossRef
  • Multi-omics of cockroaches infected with Salmonella Typhimurium identifies molecular signatures of vector colonization
    Diing DM Agany, Eduardo A. Callegari, Maria D. Paez, Jose E. Pietri
    BMC Genomics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbiome of laboratory‐reared and environmentally collected cockroaches
    Sohyeon Yun, Jun Ho Choi, Singeun Oh, Myungjun Kim, Myung‐hee Yi, Dongjun Kang, Yun Soo Jang, In‐Yong Lee, Tai‐Soon Yong, Juan Kim, Heung Chul Kim, Jae Rok Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
    Entomological Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,155 View
  • 163 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Molecular Characteristics and Potent Immunomodulatory Activity of Fasciola hepatica Cystatin
Kai Zhang, Yucheng Liu, Guowu Zhang, Xifeng Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yunxia Shang, Chengcheng Ning, Chunhui Ji, Xuepeng Cai, Xianzhu Xia, Jun Qiao, Qingling Meng
Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):117-126.
Published online April 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.117
Cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor found in many parasites, plays important roles in immune evasion. This study analyzed the molecular characteristics of a cystatin from Fasciola hepatica (FhCystatin) and expressed recombinant FhCystatin (rFhcystatin) to investigate the immune modulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration, cytokine secretion, nitric oxide (NO) production, and apoptosis in mouse macrophages. The FhCystatin gene encoded 116 amino acids and contained a conserved cystatin-like domain. rFhCystatin significantly inhibited the activity of cathepsin B. rFhCystatin bound to the surface of mouse RAW264.7 cells, significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, rFhCystatin inhibited the expression of cellular nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and promoted the expression of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10. These results showed that FhCystatin played an important role in regulating the activity of mouse macrophages. Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms underlying the immune evasion and contribute to the exploration of potential targets for the development of new drug to control F. hepatica infection.

Citations

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  • Cystatin from the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides upregulates mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and immunomodulatory genes in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
    Nathalie Acevedo, Ana Lozano, Josefina Zakzuk, Kevin Llinás-Caballero, David Brodin, Peter Nejsum, Andrew R. Williams, Luis Caraballo
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Helminth-derived molecules: Pathogenic and pharmacopeial roles
    Yu Zhang, Chunxiang Shen, Xinyi Zhu, Chiuan Yee Leow, Minjun Ji, Zhipeng Xu
    The Journal of Biomedical Research.2024; 38(6): 547.     CrossRef
  • An evolutionary molecular adaptation of an unusual stefin from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica redefines the cystatin superfamily
    Michal Buša, Zuzana Matoušková, Pavla Bartošová-Sojková, Petr Pachl, Pavlína Řezáčová, Ramon Marc Eichenberger, Peter Deplazes, Martin Horn, Saša Štefanić, Michael Mareš
    Journal of Biological Chemistry.2023; 299(3): 102970.     CrossRef
  • Type I Cystatin Derived from Fasciola gigantica Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses
    Pathanin Chantree, Mayuri Tarasuk, Parisa Prathaphan, Jittiporn Ruangtong, Mantana Jamklang, Sirilak Chumkiew, Pongsakorn Martviset
    Pathogens.2023; 12(3): 395.     CrossRef
  • Cystatins from the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini: Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis
    Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Rudi Grams, Sinee Siricoon, Nanthawat Kosa, Dawid Krenc, Wansika Phadungsil, Pongsakorn Martviset
    Pathogens.2023; 12(7): 949.     CrossRef
  • Antigens from the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Exert Antiviral Effects against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro
    Judit Serrat, Clara Francés-Gómez, David Becerro-Recio, Javier González-Miguel, Ron Geller, Mar Siles-Lucas
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(14): 11597.     CrossRef
  • Cysticercus pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 targets TLR2 to inhibit the immune response in rabbits
    Guoliang Chen, Guiting Pu, Liqun Wang, Yanping Li, Tingli Liu, Hong Li, Shaohua Zhang, Xuelin Wang, Xiaolei Liu, Xuenong Luo
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fasciolosis: pathogenesis, host-parasite interactions, and implication in vaccine development
    Luis Miguel Flores-Velázquez, María Teresa Ruiz-Campillo, Guillem Herrera-Torres, Álvaro Martínez-Moreno, Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno, Rafael Zafra, Leandro Buffoni, Pablo José Rufino-Moya, Verónica Molina-Hernández, José Pérez
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,480 View
  • 205 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Immune Response of BALB/c Mice toward Putative Calcium Transporter Recombinant Protein of Trichomonas vaginalis
Tahali Mendoza-Oliveros, Victor Arana-Arga?ez, Leidi C. Alvare?z-Sa?nchez, Julio Lara-Riegos, Mari?a Elizbeth Alvare?z-Sa?nchez, Julio C. Torres-Romero
Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):33-38.
Published online February 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.33
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, which actually does not exist a vaccine for control or prevention. Thus, the identification of new and potent immunogens in T. vaginalis, which can contribute to the development of a vaccine against this parasite, is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of a recombinant Transient Receptor Potential-like channel of T. vaginalis (TvTRPV), as a promising immunogen in BALB/c mice. First, TvTRPV was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21 cells and purified by nickel affinity. Next, BALB/c mice were immunized and the antibody levels in mice serum and cytokines from the supernatant of macrophages and from co-culture systems were evaluated. Recombinant TvTRPV triggered high levels of specific total IgG in sera from the immunized mice. Also, a statistically significant increase of cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α after stimulation with the corresponding antigens in vitro, was identified. Moreover, co-cultures using CD4+ T cells from immunized mice were able to identify higher levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ. These results were useful to validate the immunogenicity of TvTRPV in BALB/c mice, where IL-10-IFN-γ-secreting cells could play a role in infection control, supporting the potential of TvTRPV as a promising target for vaccine against T. vaginalis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Exposure of Tritrichomonas foetus to sublethal doses of metronidazole induces a specific proinflammatory response in murine macrophages
    Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Julio César Torres‐Romero, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Antonio Euan‐Canto, Leidi Cristal Alvarez‐Sánchez
    Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Activation of murine macrophages by membrane proteins from Tritrichomonas foetus grown on iron‐ and calcium‐rich conditions
    Antonio Euan‐Canto, Julio César Torres‐Romero, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Laura Vázquez‐Carrillo, Leidi Alvarez‐Sánchez
    Parasite Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In Vitro Activation of Macrophages by an MHC Class II-restricted Trichomonas Vaginalis TvZIP8-derived Synthetic Peptide
    Victor Ermilo Arana-Argáez, Emanuel Ceballos-Góngora, María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez, Antonio Euan-Canto, Julio Lara-Riegos, Julio César Torres-Romero
    Immunological Investigations.2022; 51(1): 88.     CrossRef
  • Local cytokine/chemokine profiles in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in response to T. vaginalis infection
    Sonal Yadav, Vivek Verma, Rakesh Singh Dhanda, Sumeeta Khurana, Manisha Yadav
    Experimental Parasitology.2022; 239: 108287.     CrossRef
  • The molecular characterization and immune protection of adhesion protein 65 (AP65) of Trichomonas vaginalis
    Zhenchao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Song, Zhengbo Zhang, Haoran Li, Yujuan Duan, Hao Zhang, Haoran Lu, Chengyang Luo, Mingyong Wang
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 152: 104750.     CrossRef
  • The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion Protein 33 (AP33)
    Zhenchao Zhang, Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Lixia Hao, Yunqing Zhu, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Yujuan Duan, Yuhui Sang, Pucheng Wu, Xiangrui Li
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 7,167 View
  • 117 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Immune Responses Induced by HSP60 DNA Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Kunming Mice
Zhong-Yuan Li, Jing Lu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Jia Chen, Xing-Quan Zhu
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):237-245.
Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.237
Toxoplasma gondii can infect all the vertebrates including human, and leads to serious toxoplasmosis and considerable veterinary problems. T. gondii heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is associated with the activation of antigen presenting cells by inducing initial immune responses and releasing inflammatory cytokines. It might be a potential DNA vaccine candidate for this parasite. A pVAX-HSP60 DNA vaccine was constructed and immune responses was evaluated in Kunming mice in this study. Our data indicated that the innate and adaptive immune responses was elicited by successive immunizations with pVAX-HSP60 DNA, showing apparent increases of CD3e+CD4+ and CD3e+CD8a+ T cells in spleen tissues of the HSP60 DNA-immunized mice (24.70±1.23% and 10.90±0.89%, P<0.05) and higher levels of specific antibodies in sera. Furthermore, the survival period of the immunized mice (10.53±4.78 day) were significantly prolonged during the acute T. gondii infection. Decrease of brain cysts was significant in the experimental group during the chronic infection (P<0.01). Taken together, TgHSP60 DNA can be as a vaccine candidate to prevent the acute and chronic T. gondii infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Detection and identification of highly antigenic proteins from cytoskeleton of Toxoplasma gondii by immune-proteomics
    Noé Lagunas-Cortés, Brenda Yomara García-Sánchez, Emmanuel Ríos-Castro, Marco Antonio Vega-López, Sirenia González-Pozos, Rubén Darío Diaz-Martín, Juan Manuel Carranza, Carlos J. Ramírez-Flores, Ricardo Mondragón-Flores
    Journal of Proteomics.2025; 317: 105454.     CrossRef
  • Live-attenuated PruΔgra72 strain of Toxoplasma gondii induces strong protective immunity against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice
    Jing Li, Yu Kang, Ze-Xuan Wu, Shu-Feng Yang, Yu-Yang Tian, Xing-Quan Zhu, Xiao-Nan Zheng
    Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article
    Xirui Zhang, Hao Yuan, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Zipeng Yang, Mengpo Zhao, Yining Song, Shengjun Luo, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Zi-Guo Yuan
    Expert Review of Vaccines.2023; 22(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Phylogenetic analysis of Babesia gibsoni isolates of south India using apical membrane antigen, 50 kDa surface antigen, and 70 kDa heat shock protein genes
    Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa, Anju Varghese, Christophe Angeline Felicia Bora, Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar, Lijo John, Muhasin Asaf, Sunanda Chulliparambil, Reghu Ravindran
    Experimental Parasitology.2023; 246: 108461.     CrossRef
  • Review of DNA Vaccine Approaches Against the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
    Rosalie C. Warner, Ryan C. Chapman, Brianna N. Davis, Paul H. Davis
    Journal of Parasitology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,166 View
  • 123 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Atorvastatin: In-Vivo Synergy with Metronidazole as Anti-Blastocystis Therapy
Maha M. A. Basyoni, Shawky A. Fouad, Marwa F. Amer, Ahmed Fathy Amer, Dalia Ibrahim Ismail
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):105-112.
Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.105
Blastocystis is an enteric Straminopile in tropical, subtropical and developing countries. Metronidazole has been a chemotheraputic for blastocystosis. Failures in its regimens were reported and necessitate new studies searching for alternative therapeutic agents. Aim of current study is to investigate potential effects of Atorvastatin (AVA) compared to the conventional chemotherapeutic MTZ in experimentally Blastocystis-infected mice. Anti-Blastocystis efficacy of AVA was evaluated parasitologically, histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy using MTZ (10 mg/kg) as a control. Therapeutic efficacy of AVA was apparently dose-dependent. Regimens of AVA (20 and 40 mg/kg) proved effective against Blastocystis infections with high reduction in Blastocystis shedding (93.4-97.9%) compared to MTZ (79.3%). The highest reductions (98.1% and 99.4%) were recorded in groups of combination treatments AVA 20-40 mg/kg and MTZ 10 mg/kg. Blastocystis was nearly eradicated by the 20th day post infection. Genotype analysis revealed that genotype I was most susceptible, genotype III was less. Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies revealed apoptotic changes in Blastocystis and significant improvement of intestinal histopathological changes more remarkable in combinational therapy groups. Thus, the present study offers AVA as a potential candidate for Blastocystis therapy combined with MTZ.

Citations

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  • Assessment of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) therapeutic and prophylactic role in rats experimentally infected with Blastocystis subtype 3 (ST3)
    Sara Fathy Hamed Alkady, Heba Mohamed Awad El Naggar, Hala Sobhy Thabet, Hoda S. El-Sayed, Mona Magdy, Iman Ahmed Fahmy, Hanan Mahmoud Abou-Seri
    Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Blastocystis spp. in the Etiology of Gastrointestinal and Autoimmune Diseases
    Oliwia Pawelec-Pęciak, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Konrad Grzeszczak, Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
    Pathogens.2025; 14(4): 313.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of the Therapeutic Role of Allium tuncelianum Extract in Rats Infected with Blastocystis Subtype 3
    Mehmet Aykur, Nazan Gökşen Tosun, Aykut Özgür
    Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A novel therapeutic potential of the anti-hiv ritonavir against Blastocystis hominis: a dual approach in vitro and in vivo
    Doaa A. Balaha, Sirria M. Elmarhoumy, Nabila A. Yassen, Dina M. Abou Rayia, Hend S. Abo Safia, Mona M. Tolba
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review about the Efficacy of Antiparasitic Agents in the Treatment of Blastocystis Species
    Özlem Ulusan Bağcı, Gülay Aral Akarsu
    Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis
    Zeinab R. Hassan, Samar El-Sayed, Kareman M. Zekry, Samah Gouda Ahmed, Asmaa Hassan Abd-Elhamid, Doaa E. A. Salama, Azza Kamal Taha, Nihal A. Mahmoud, Shaymaa Fathy Mohammed, Mona M. Amin, Rasha Elsayed Mohamed, Ayat M. S. Eraque, Shimaa A. Mohamed, Ranya
    Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antibiotics and Lipid-Modifying Agents: Potential Drug–Drug Interactions and Their Clinical Implications
    Marios Spanakis, Danny Alon-Ellenbogen, Petros Ioannou, Nikolaos Spernovasilis
    Pharmacy.2023; 11(4): 130.     CrossRef
  • Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of Citrus sinensis peel extract: Histopathological and ultrastructural experimental study
    Wegdan M. Abd El Wahab, Raafat M. Shaapan, El-Moataz Bellah El-Naggar, Marwa M. Ahmed, Asmaa I. Owis, Mona I. Ali
    Experimental Parasitology.2022; 243: 108412.     CrossRef
  • Joining forces: Leveraging novel combination therapies to combat infections with eukaryotic pathogens
    Rachel E. Ham, Lesly A. Temesvari, Laura J. Knoll
    PLOS Pathogens.2020; 16(12): e1009081.     CrossRef
  • Prenylquinones in Human Parasitic Protozoa: Biosynthesis, Physiological Functions, and Potential as Chemotherapeutic Targets
    Ignasi Verdaguer, Camila Zafra, Marcell Crispim, Rodrigo Sussmann, Emília Kimura, Alejandro Katzin
    Molecules.2019; 24(20): 3721.     CrossRef
  • 10,405 View
  • 193 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • Crossref
DNA Vaccines Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Cathepsin C 1 Induce Protection against Toxoplasmosis in Mice
Yali Han, Aihua Zhou, Gang Lu, Guanghui Zhao, Wenchao Sha, Lin Wang, Jingjing Guo, Jian Zhou, Huaiyu Zhou, Hua Cong, Shenyi He
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):505-512.
Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.505
Toxoplasma gondii cathepsin C proteases (TgCPC1, 2, and 3) are important for the growth and survival of T. gondii. In the present study, B-cell and T-cell epitopes of TgCPC1 were predicted using DNAstar and the Immune Epitope Database. A TgCPC1 DNA vaccine was constructed, and its ability to induce protective immune responses against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice was evaluated in the presence or absence of the adjuvant α-GalCer. As results, TgCPC1 DNA vaccine with or without adjuvant α-GalCer showed higher levels of IgG and IgG2a in the serum, as well as IL-2 and IFN-γ in the spleen compared to controls (PBS, pEGFP-C1, and α-Galcer). Upon challenge infection with tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH), pCPC1/α-Galcer immunized mice showed the longest survival among all the groups. Mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine without adjuvant (pCPC1) showed better protective immunity compared to other controls (PBS, pEGFP-C1, and α-Galcer). These results indicate that a DNA vaccine encoding TgCPC1 is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.

Citations

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  • Modest Protective Immune Responses Induced by a DNA Vaccine Expressing IMP1 of Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c Mice
    Farid Alizadeh, Maryam Hataminejad, Hajar Yaghoobi, Hakim Azizi
    Parasite Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article
    Xirui Zhang, Hao Yuan, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Zipeng Yang, Mengpo Zhao, Yining Song, Shengjun Luo, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Zi-Guo Yuan
    Expert Review of Vaccines.2023; 22(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases
    Ya-Qian Li, Cheng Yan, Rui Luo, Zheng Liu
    Carbohydrate Research.2022; 513: 108527.     CrossRef
  • Mining the Proteome of Toxoplasma Parasites Seeking Vaccine and Diagnostic Candidates
    Sajad Rashidi, Javier Sánchez-Montejo, Reza Mansouri, Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh, Amir Savardashtaki, Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Mohammadreza Karimazar, Raúl Manzano-Román, Paul Nguewa
    Animals.2022; 12(9): 1098.     CrossRef
  • A Novel Combined DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 and ROP18 Provokes Protective Immunity Against a Lethal Challenge in Mice
    Lamei Wu, Huijian Yang, Jianglin Wang, Xiuwen Yu, Yanhong He, Shenxia Chen
    Acta Parasitologica.2021; 66(4): 1387.     CrossRef
  • Review of DNA Vaccine Approaches Against the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
    Rosalie C. Warner, Ryan C. Chapman, Brianna N. Davis, Paul H. Davis
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    Carlos J. Ramírez-Flores, Rosalba Cruz-Mirón, Rossana Arroyo, Mónica E. Mondragón-Castelán, Tais Nopal-Guerrero, Sirenia González-Pozos, Emmanuel Ríos-Castro, Ricardo Mondragón-Flores
    Parasitology Research.2019; 118(1): 289.     CrossRef
  • Antigenic Epitope Analysis and Efficacy Evaluation of GRA41 DNA Vaccine Against T. gondii Infection
    Jian Zhou, Chenxi Li, Yingquan Luo, Lin Wang
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  • Cysteine proteases in protozoan parasites
    Jair L. Siqueira-Neto, Anjan Debnath, Laura-Isobel McCall, Jean A. Bernatchez, Momar Ndao, Sharon L. Reed, Philip J. Rosenthal, Photini Sinnis
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(8): e0006512.     CrossRef
  • Immune Responses Induced by HSP60 DNA Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Kunming Mice
    Zhong-Yuan Li, Jing Lu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Jia Chen, Xing-Quan Zhu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 237.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model
    Jia-Qi Chu, Shuai Huang, Wei Ye, Xuan-Yan Fan, Rui Huang, Shi-Cai Ye, Cai-Yuan Yu, Wei-Yun Wu, Yu Zhou, Wei Zhou, Young-Ha Lee, Juan-Hua Quan
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 325.     CrossRef
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Development of Urinary Bladder Pre-Neoplasia by Schistosoma haematobium Eggs and Chemical Carcinogen in Mice
Bayissa Chala, Min-Ho Choi, Kyung Chul Moon, Hyung Suk Kim, Cheol Kwak, Sung-Tae Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):21-29.
Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.21
Schistosoma haematobium is a biocarcinogen of human urinary bladder (UB). The present study investigated developing UB cancer mouse model by injecting S. haematobium eggs into the bladder wall and introduction of chemical carcinogens. Histopathological findings showed mild hyperplasia to epithelial vacuolar change, and high grade dysplasia. Squamous metaplasia was observed in the S. haematobium eggs+NDMA group at week 12 but not in other groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly high expression of Ki-67 in urothelial epithelial cells of the S. haematobium eggs+BBN group at week 20. The qRT-PCR showed high expression of p53 gene in S. haematobium eggs group at week 4 and S. haematobium eggs+BBN group at week 20. E-cadherin and vimentin showed contrasting expression in S. haematobium eggs+BBN group. Such inverse expression of E-cadherin and vimentin may indicate epithelial mesenchymal transition in the UB tissue. In conclusion, S. haematobium eggs and nitrosamines may transform UB cells into squamous metaplasia and dysplasia in correlation with increased expression of Ki-67. Marked decrease in E-cadherin and increase in p53 and vimentin expressions may support the transformation. The present study introduces a promising modified animal model for UB cancer study using S. haematobium eggs.

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  • Effects of Schistosoma haematobium infection and treatment on the systemic and mucosal immune phenotype, gene expression and microbiome: A systematic review
    Anna M. Mertelsmann, Sheridan F. Bowers, Drew Wright, Jane K. Maganga, Humphrey D. Mazigo, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, John M. Changalucha, Jennifer A. Downs, Hamed Kalani
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  • Development of an automated artificial intelligence-based system for urogenital schistosomiasis diagnosis using digital image analysis techniques and a robotized microscope
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  • Roles of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs Encoded by Parasitic Helminths in Human Carcinogenesis
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(15): 8173.     CrossRef
  • The role of helminths in the development of non-communicable diseases
    Yifan Wu, Megan Duffey, Saira Elizabeth Alex, Charlie Suarez-Reyes, Eva H. Clark, Jill E. Weatherhead
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    Muhammad Nur Adam Hatta, Ezanee Azlina Mohamad Hanif, Siok-Fong Chin, Hui-min Neoh
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    Lobna S. Shash, Riham A. Ibrahim, Shimaa A. Elgohary
    Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2021; 29(9): 657.     CrossRef
  • Parasite–bacteria interrelationship
    Dalia S. Ashour, Ahmad A. Othman
    Parasitology Research.2020; 119(10): 3145.     CrossRef
  • Urinary schistosomiasis and the associated bladder cancer: update
    Mohamed S. Zaghloul, Tarek M. Zaghloul, Mai K. Bishr, Brian C. Baumann
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differential responses of epithelial cells from urinary and biliary tract to eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni
    Rafael Nacif-Pimenta, Alessandra da Silva Orfanó, Ilana A. Mosley, Shannon E. Karinshak, Kenji Ishida, Victoria H. Mann, Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho, José M. Correia da Costa, Michael H. Hsieh, Paul J. Brindley, Gabriel Rinaldi
    Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cytological and Wet Mount Microscopic Observations Made in Urine ofSchistosoma haematobium-Infected Children: Hint of the Implication in Bladder Cancer
    Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo, Benjamin K. Akuetteh, Irene A. Owusu, Solomon E. Quayson, Simon K. Attah, Robert Armah, Emmanuel Afutu, Ama Afrah, Kantanka Addo-Osafo, Cecilia Smith, Richard K. Gyasi, Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi
    Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology.2019; 2019: 1.     CrossRef
  • Neglected Agent Eminent Disease: Linking Human Helminthic Infection, Inflammation, and Malignancy
    Naina Arora, Rimanpreet Kaur, Farhan Anjum, Shweta Tripathi, Amit Mishra, Rajiv Kumar, Amit Prasad
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Related Bladder Cancer: An Update
    Kenji Ishida, Michael H. Hsieh
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    Paul J. Brindley, Alex Loukas, Laura J Knoll
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Construction of In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging of Echinococcus granulosus in a Mouse Model
Sibo Wang, Tao Yang, Xuyong Zhang, Jie Xia, Jun Guo, Xiaoyi Wang, Jixue Hou, Hongwei Zhang, Xueling Chen, Xiangwei Wu
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):291-299.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.291
Human hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis, CE) is a chronic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the disease mainly affects the liver, approximately 70% of all identified CE cases are detected in this organ. Optical molecular imaging (OMI), a noninvasive imaging technique, has never been used in vivo with the specific molecular markers of CE. Thus, we aimed to construct an in vivo fluorescent imaging mouse model of CE to locate and quantify the presence of the parasites within the liver noninvasively. Drug-treated protoscolices were monitored after marking by JC-1 dye in in vitro and in vivo studies. This work describes for the first time the successful construction of an in vivo model of E. granulosus in a small living experimental animal to achieve dynamic monitoring and observation of multiple time points of the infection course. Using this model, we quantified and analyzed labeled protoscolices based on the intensities of their red and green fluorescence. Interestingly, the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity not only revealed the location of protoscolices but also determined the viability of the parasites in vivo and in vivo tests. The noninvasive imaging model proposed in this work will be further studied for long-term detection and observation and may potentially be widely utilized in susceptibility testing and therapeutic effect evaluation.

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  • Dihydroartemisinin-sodium taurocholate-PLGA nanoparticles: a novel therapeutic approach against cystic echinococcosis
    Aierpati Moheteer, Jiang Zhu, Dongming Pang, Xue Rao, Nijiati Aini, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Zhenping Zhang, Saifuding Abula, Adelijiang Wusiman
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Imaging as a (pre)clinical tool in parasitology
    Clarize Maria de Korne, Lisette van Lieshout, Fijs Willem Bernhard van Leeuwen, Meta Roestenberg
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  • Autoimmunity in human CE: Correlative with the fertility status of the CE cyst
    E. A. EL Saftawy, A. Abdelraouf, M. A. Elsalam, P. Zakareya, A. Fouad, E. A. Albadawi, A. H. S. Abobakr Ali, N. M. Amin
    Helminthologia.2022; 59(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Small animal in vivo imaging of parasitic infections: A systematic review
    Adam Novobilský, Johan Höglund
    Experimental Parasitology.2020; 214: 107905.     CrossRef
  • Lethal effects of gold nanoparticles on protoscolices of hydatid cyst: in vitro study
    Sara Napooni, Mohsen Arbabi, Mahdi Delavari, Hossein Hooshyar, Sima Rasti
    Comparative Clinical Pathology.2019; 28(1): 143.     CrossRef
  • Combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and Echinometra mathaeis gonad extracts: In vitro and in vivo scolicidal activity against hydatid cysts
    Azita Navvabi, Ahmad Homaei, Shahram Khademvatan, Mohammad Hassan Khadem Ansari, Mousa Keshavarz
    Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology.2019; 22: 101432.     CrossRef
  • Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse
    Marion Rolot, Benjamin G. Dewals
    Journal of Immunology Research.2018; 2018: 1.     CrossRef
  • Improved experimental model of hepatic cystic hydatid disease resembling natural infection route with stable growing dynamics and immune reaction
    Rui-Qing Zhang, Xin-Hua Chen, Hao Wen
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 23(45): 7989.     CrossRef
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  • 8 Web of Science
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In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis
Seon-Ju Yeo, ChunMei Jin, SungYeon Kim, Hyun Park
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):155-161.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.155
Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis, which has very few therapeutic treatment options. The most effective therapy is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine; however, their utility is limited because of drug toxicity and serious side effects. For these reasons, new drugs with lower toxicity are urgently needed. In this study, the compound, (Z)-1-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (nitrofurantoin), showed anti-T. gondii effects in vitro and in vivo. In HeLa cells, the selectivity of nitrofurantoin was 2.3, which was greater than that of pyrimethamine (0.9). In T. gondii-infected female ICR mice, the inhibition rate of T. gondii growth in the peritoneal cavity was 44.7% compared to the negative control group after 4-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of nitrofurantoin. In addition, hematology indicators showed that T. gondii infection-induced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, biochemical parameters involved in liver injury, were reduced by nitrofurantoin significantly. Moreover, nitrofurantoin exerted significant effects on the index of antioxidant status, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). The nitrofurantoin-treated group inhibited the T. gondii-induced MDA levels while alleviating the decrease in GSH levels. Thus, nitrofurantoin is a potential anti-T. gondii candidate for clinical application.

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  • Extracts of food and medicinal plants sold in Moroccan markets induce apoptosis-like in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro
    Ismail Elkoraichi, Nathalie Moiré, Samira Rais, Isabelle Dimier-Poisson, Fouad Daoudi, Françoise Debierre-Grockiego
    Scientific African.2025; 27: e02529.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treatment of murine model of trichinellosis
    Basma M. Elmansory, Hager S. Zoghroban, Dina M. El-Guindy, Dina A. El-Guindy
    Experimental Parasitology.2025; 277: 109022.     CrossRef
  • The Brazilian Toxoplasma gondii strain BRI caused greater inflammation and impairment in anxiogenic behavior in mice, which was reverted by rosuvastatin treatment
    Fernanda Ferreira Evangelista, Priscilla de Laet Sant’Ana, Willian Costa Ferreira, Thaisa Andreia Ferreira, Milena Lopes dos Santos, Amanda Hinobu de Souza, Felipe Aparecido Lacerda de Andrade, Douglas Aparecido da Silva, Luiz Daniel de Barros, Cristiane
    Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inclusion of Nitrofurantoin into the Realm of Cancer Chemotherapy via Biology-Oriented Synthesis and Drug Repurposing
    Perihan A. Elzahhar, Hisham A. Nematalla, Houssam Al-Koussa, Carla Abrahamian, Amira F. El-Yazbi, Larry Bodgi, Jolie Bou-Gharios, Joyce Azzi, Joelle Al Choboq, Hala F. Labib, Wassim Abou Kheir, Marwa M. Abu-Serie, Mohamed A. Elrewiny, Ahmed F. El-Yazbi, A
    Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2023; 66(7): 4565.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of mono and combined nitrofurantoin therapy for toxoplasmosis in vivo using murine model
    Asmaa Elkholy, Rita Wassef, Omnia Alsaid, Mona Elawady, Ashraf Barakat, Ashraf Soror, Shereen Kishik
    Pathogens and Global Health.2023; 117(7): 664.     CrossRef
  • Old Dogs with New Tricks: Antiparasitic Potential of Structurally Diverse 5-Nitrofuran and 5-Nitrothiophene Imines and Acyl Hydrazones
    Ibrahim S. Al Nasr, Waleed S. Koko, Tariq A. Khan, Rainer Schobert, Bernhard Biersack
    Scientia Pharmaceutica.2023; 91(3): 44.     CrossRef
  • Anti-Toxoplasma gondii agent isolated from Orostachys malacophylla (Pallas) Fischer
    Yan Piao, Lili Jin, Xu Cheng, Weifeng Yan, Changhao Zhang, Sihong Wang, Chunmei Jin
    Experimental Parasitology.2022; 242: 108397.     CrossRef
  • Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs
    Christina Kannigadu, David. D. N'Da
    Current Pharmaceutical Design.2020; 26(36): 4658.     CrossRef
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    International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2018; 8(1): 112.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of In vitro and In vivo Activities of Anti-Toxoplasma Drugs and Compounds (2006–2016)
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    Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lectins from Synadenium carinatum (ScLL) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (ArtinM) Are Able to Induce Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects in a Murine Model for Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection
    Eliézer L. P. Ramos, Silas S. Santana, Murilo V. Silva, Fernanda M. Santiago, Tiago W. P. Mineo, José R. Mineo
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Prominent IL-12 Production and Tumor Reduction in Athymic Nude Mice after Toxoplasma gondii Lysate Antigen Treatment
Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Chun-Feng Xin, You-Won Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(6):605-612.
Published online December 23, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.605

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a Th1 cellular immunity. Our previous study showed that T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) treatment in S180 tumor-bearing mice resulted in tumor reduction by suppressing CD31 expression, a marker of angiogenesis. In the present study, to investigate tumor suppressive effect of TLA under the absence of T lymphocytes, athymic nude mice were compared with euthymic mice in the anti-tumorigenic effect triggered by TLA in CT26 tumors. According to the results, intratumorally injected TLA reduced tumor growth and TIMP-1 level, a metastatic marker, in both euthymic and athymic mice. TLA treatment led to a sharp increase in IL-12 expression in serum cytokine profiling of athymic mice, and increased MyD88 signals in macrophages derived from the bone marrow, implying the activation of innate immunity. The selective induction of IL-12 by TLA treatment had an anti-tumorigenic effect.

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  • An Overview of the Dichotomous Role of Microbiota in Cancer Progression and Management
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  • Bug as a drug: Unveiling anti-cancer properties of Toxoplasma gondii and its therapeutic prospects in cancer immunotherapy
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    Infectious Agents and Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bridging the gap for diverse applications of parasites as advanced cancer therapeutics: current progress and future directions
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  • Evaluation of Antitumor Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Different Antigens on Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma in Mice
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    Parasite Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy
    Maha M. Eissa, Ahmed Ebada Salem, Nahla El Skhawy
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  • Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Exosomes: A Potential Immunostimulant and Delivery System for Tumor Immunotherapy Superior to Toxoplasma gondii
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    International Journal of Nanomedicine.2024; Volume 19: 12421.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(24): 13577.     CrossRef
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  • Toxoplasma GRA16 Inhibits NF-κB Activation through PP2A-B55 Upregulation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(18): 6642.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2019; 23(5): 3234.     CrossRef
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    Young Sang Hwang, Ji-Hun Shin, Jung-Pyo Yang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sang Hyung Lee, Eun-Hee Shin
    Frontiers in Immunology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    ERIC FAURE
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    Oncology Letters.2016; 12(5): 3167.     CrossRef
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    Oncotarget.2016; 7(45): 74107.     CrossRef
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Intestinal Helminthic Infections in Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, from Two Southern Regions of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Hyeon-Je Song, Chung-Mo Kim, Gi-Jin Nam
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):419-423.
Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.419

The present study was performed to know the infection status of intestinal helminths in a most common species of field mice, Apodemus agrarius, from 2 southern regions of Korea. Total 133 and 103 mice were collected by the mouse trap in Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do and Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, respectively, from July 2005 to June 2006. The small intestine of each mouse was resected and longitudinally opened with a pair of scissors. The intestinal contents were washed with 0.85% saline until the supernatant became clear. Helminths were collected with naked eyes or under a stereomicroscope from the sediment of the intestinal content. More than 11 species of helminths (4 nematode spp., 5 trematode spp., and 2 cestode spp.) were recovered. Among these, heligmosomoid nematodes (97.5%) was the most highly and heavily infected species. As the members of trematodes, Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima sp., Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and unidentified echinostome larvae were found in the small intestines of 35 (14.8%), 12 (5.1%), 6 (2.5%), 1 (0.4%), and 1 (0.4%) mice respectively. Two species of tapeworms, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta were also detected in 79 (33.5%) and 21 (8.9%) mice, respectively. Conclusively, heligmosomoid nematodes were the most prevalent (dominant) species among more than 11 helminth species detected, and Brachylaima sp. fluke is newly added in the list of intestinal trematodes in Korea.

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    Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Therapeutic Potential of Myrrh and Ivermectin against Experimental Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice
Maha M.A. Basyoni, Abdel-Aleem A. El-Sabaa
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):297-304.
Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.297

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. Anthelmintics are used to eliminate intestinal adults as well as tissue-migrating and encysted larvae. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ivermectin and myrrh obtained from the aloe-gum resin of Commiphora molmol on experimental trichinosis. Ninety albino mice were orally infected with 300 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at day 0 and day 5 and against encysted larvae on day 15 and day 35 post-infection (PI). Mature worms and encysted larvae were counted in addition to histopathological examination of muscle specimens. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, and creatinine values were estimated. Significant reductions in mean worm numbers were detected in ivermectin treated mice at day 0 and day 5 PI achieving efficacies of 98.5% and 80.0%, while efficacies of myrrh in treated mice were 80.7% and 51.5%, respectively. At days 15 and 35 post-infection, ivermectin induced significant reduction in encysted larval counts achieving efficacies of 76.5% and 54.0%, respectively, while myrrh efficacies were 76.6% and 35.0%, respectively. AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels were reduced, while total proteins were increased in response to both treatments compared to their values in the infected non-treated mice. Ivermectin use for controlling T. spiralis could be continued. Myrrh was effective and could be a promising drug against the Egyptian strains of T. spiralis with results nearly comparable to ivermectin.

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Gene Expression Profiles in Genetically Different Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: ALDH1A2, BEX2, EGR2, CCL3 and PLAU
Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Juan-Hua Quan, Zhou Wei, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee, Chang-June Song
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):7-13.
Published online March 6, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.7

Toxoplasma gondii can modulate host cell gene expression; however, determining gene expression levels in intermediate hosts after T. gondii infection is not known much. We selected 5 genes (ALDH1A2, BEX2, CCL3, EGR2 and PLAU) and compared the mRNA expression levels in the spleen, liver, lung and small intestine of genetically different mice infected with T. gondii. ALDH1A2 mRNA expressions of both mouse strains were markedly increased at day 1-4 postinfection (PI) and then decreased, and its expressions in the spleen and lung were significantly higher in C57BL/6 mice than those of BALB/c mice. BEX2 and CCR3 mRNA expressions of both mouse strains were significantly increased from day 7 PI and peaked at day 15-30 PI (P<0.05), especially high in the spleen liver or small intestine of C57BL/6 mice. EGR2 and PLAU mRNA expressions of both mouse strains were significantly increased after infection, especially high in the spleen and liver. However, their expression patterns were varied depending on the tissue and mouse strain. Taken together, T. gondii-susceptible C57BL/6 mice expressed higher levels of these 5 genes than did T. gondii-resistant BALB/c mice, particularly in the spleen and liver. And ALDH1A2 and PLAU expressions were increased acutely, whereas BEX2, CCL3 and EGR2 expressions were increased lately. Thus, these demonstrate that host genetic factors exert a strong impact on the expression of these 5 genes and their expression patterns were varied depending on the gene or tissue.

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Brief Communications

Susceptibility of Mice to Trypanosoma evansi Treated with Human Plasma Containing Different Concentrations of Apolipoprotein L-1
Aleksandro S. Da Silva, Vinicius R. Fanfa, Mateus A. Otto, Lucas T. Gressler, Kaio C.S. Tavares, C?cera R. Lazzarotto, Alexandre A. Tonin, Luiz C. Miletti, Marta M.M.F. Duarte, Silvia G. Monteiro
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):427-430.
Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.427

The aim of this study was to test the susceptibility of mice to Trypanosoma evansi treated with human plasma containing different concentrations of apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1). For this experiment, a strain of T. evansi and human plasma (plasmas 1, 2, and 3) from 3 adult males clinically healthy were used. In vivo test used 50 mice divided in 5 groups (A to E) with 10 animals in each group. Animals of groups B to E were infected, and then treated with 0.2 ml of human plasma in the following outline: negative control (A), positive control (B), treatment with plasma 1 (C), treatment with plasma 2 (D), and treatment with plasma 3 (E). Mice treated with human plasma showed an increase in longevity of 40.9±0.3 (C), 20±9.0 (D) and 35.6±9.3 (E) days compared to the control group (B) which was 4.3±0.5 days. The number of surviving mice and free of the parasite (blood smear and PCR negative) at the end of the experiment was 90%, 0%, and 60% for groups C, D, and E, respectively. The quantification of APOL1 was performed due to the large difference in the treatments that differed in the source plasma. In plasmas 1, 2, and 3 was detected the concentration of 194, 99, and 115 mg/dl of APOL1, respectively. However, we believe that this difference in the treatment efficiency is related to the level of APOL1 in plasmas.

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Comparison of Resistance to γ-Irradiation between Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris Using In Vivo Infection
Sejoung Yoon, Jae-Ran Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):423-426.
Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.423

In the genus Cryptosporidium, there are more than 14 species with different sizes and habitats, as well as different hosts. Among these, C. parvum and C. hominis are known to be human pathogens. As C. parvum can survive exposure to harsh environmental conditions, including various disinfectants or high doses of radiation, it is considered to be an important environmental pathogen that may be a threat to human health. However, the resistance of other Cryptosporidium species to various environmental conditions is unknown. In this study, resistance against γ-irradiation was compared between C. parvum and C. muris using in vivo infection in mice. The capability of C. muris to infect mice could be eliminated with 1,000 Gy of γ-irradiation, while C. parvum remained infective in mice after up to 1,000 Gy of γ-irradiation, although the peak number of oocysts per gram of feces decreased to 16% that of non-irradiated oocysts. The difference in radioresistance between these 2 Cryptosporidium species should be investigated by further studies.

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  • Apicomplexan parasites are attenuated by low-energy electron irradiation in an automated microfluidic system and protect against infection with Toxoplasma gondii
    Julia Finkensieper, Florian Mayerle, Zaida Rentería-Solís, Jasmin Fertey, Gustavo R. Makert, Franziska Lange, Joana Besecke, Simone Schopf, Andre Poremba, Ulla König, Bastian Standfest, Martin Thoma, Arwid Daugschies, Sebastian Ulbert
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  • Recombinant thioredoxin peroxidase from Cryptosporidium parvum has more powerful antioxidant activity than that from Cryptosporidium muris
    Sejoung Yoon, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu
    Experimental Parasitology.2012; 131(3): 333.     CrossRef
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Original Articles

Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression of Spleen Dendritic Cells in Mouse Toxoplasmosis
Ho-Woo Nam, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hyun-Jong Yang
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):109-114.
Published online June 14, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.109

Dendritic cells have been known as a member of strong innate immune cells against infectious organelles. In this study, we evaluated the cytokine expression of splenic dendritic cells in chronic mouse toxoplasmosis by tissue cyst-forming Me49 strain and demonstrated the distribution of lymphoid dendritic cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 increased rapidly at week 1 post-infection (PI) and peaked at week 3 PI. Serum IL-10 level followed the similar patterns. FACS analysis showed that the number of CD8α+/CD11c+ splenic dendritic cells increased at week 1 and peaked at week 3 PI. In conclusion, mouse splenic dendritic cells showed early and rapid cytokine changes and may have important protective roles in early phases of murine toxoplasmosis.

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  • Expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in the Toxoplasma gondii-infected dendritic cells of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
    Jae-Hyung Lee, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(2): 138.     CrossRef
  • Impact of intrarectal chromofungin treatment on dendritic cells-related markers in different immune compartments in colonic inflammatory conditions
    Kunal Kapoor, Nour Eissa, Diane Tshikudi, Charles N Bernstein, Jean-Eric Ghia
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(47): 8138.     CrossRef
  • Multi-Omics Studies Demonstrate Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming of Murine Dendritic Cells
    Kerrie E. Hargrave, Stuart Woods, Owain Millington, Susan Chalmers, Gareth D. Westrop, Craig W. Roberts
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Tissue Fluid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay for Piglets Experimentally Infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Survey on Local and Imported Pork in Korean Retail Meat Markets
    Won Gi Yoo, Sun-Min Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Ji-Yun Lee, Fuhong Dai, Ho Choon Woo, Ho-Woo Nam, Tae Im Kim, Jeong-Hee Han, Dongmi Kwak, Yun Sang Cho, Seung-Won Kang, Tong-Soo Kim, Xing-Quan Zhu, Chunren Wang, Heejeong Youn, Sung-Jong Hong
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 437.     CrossRef
  • Transcriptional Responses in the Murine Spleen after Toxoplasma gondii Infection: Inflammasome and Mucus-Associated Genes
    Eva Znalesniak, Ting Fu, Franz Salm, Ulrike Händel, Werner Hoffmann
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2017; 18(6): 1245.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasmosis treatment with diphenyl diselenide in infected mice modulates the activity of purinergic enzymes and reduces inflammation in spleen
    Pedro H. Doleski, Maura V. Ten Caten, Daniela F. Passos, Lívia G. Castilhos, Daniela B.R. Leal, Vanessa S. Machado, Nathieli B. Bottari, Fernanda F. Vogel, Ricardo E. Mendes, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva
    Experimental Parasitology.2017; 181: 7.     CrossRef
  • Dectin-1-CD37 association regulates IL-6 expression during Toxoplasma gondii infection
    Junping Yan, Bin Wu, Bo Huang, Shiguang Huang, Suhua Jiang, Fangli Lu
    Parasitology Research.2014; 113(8): 2851.     CrossRef
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Immune Responses of NIH Mice Infected with Avirulent and Virulent Strains of Plasmodium chabaudi adami Single and Mixed Infections
M. J. Namazi, R. S. Phillips
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):23-33.
Published online March 18, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.23

An understanding of the nature of the immune response to asexual erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites will facilitate vaccine development by identifying which responses the vaccine should preferentially induce. The present study examined and compared the immune responses of NIH mice in either single or mixed infections with avirulent (DK) or virulent (DS) strains of Plasmodium chabaudi adami using the ELISA test for detecting and measurement of cytokines and antibody production. In both single and mixed infections, the study showed that both cell- and antibody-mediated responses were activated. In all experiments, an early relatively high level of IFN-γ and IgG2a during the acute phase of the infection, and later elevation of IL-4 and IgG1, suggested that there was a sequential Th1/Th2 response. However, in the avirulent DK strain infection a stronger Th1 response was observed compared to the virulent DS strain-infection or in mixed infections. In the virulent DS infection, there was a stronger Th2 response compared to that in the DK and mixed infections. The faster proliferation rate of the virulent DS strain compared to the DK strain was also evident.

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  • Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: A Downregulator of Early T Cell-Dependent IFN-γ Responses in Plasmodium chabaudi adami (556 KA)-Infected Mice
    Diane Tshikudi Malu, Benoit Bélanger, François Desautels, Karine Kelendji, Esther Dalko, Jaime Sanchez-Dardon, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Abhay R Satoskar, Tatiana Scorza
    The Journal of Immunology.2011; 186(11): 6271.     CrossRef
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Brief Communication

Echinostome Infections in the Striped-Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, and the Ussuri White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura lasiura, Caught Near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Hwan Park, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Luck Ju Baek, Jin-Won Song
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):311-314.
Published online August 28, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.311

A total of 1,498 small mammals (rodents and insectivores), including Apodemus agrarius (n = 1,366), Crocidura lasiura (54), Mus musculus (32), Micronytus fortis (28), Eothenomys regulus (9), Micronys minutes (6), and Cricetulus triton (3), were live-trapped in Gyeonggi-do (Province) (Paju-si, Pocheon-gun, and Yeoncheon-gun) near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) from December 2004 to September 2005. A. agrarius was found to be infected with 3 species of echinostomes (Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and Euparyphium murinum), while C. lasiura was infected with 1 species (Echinochasmus japonicas) of echinostome. Other mammals were free from echinostome infections. Total 16 E. hortense were detected in 7 (0.5%) mice, 9 E. cinetorchis from 5 (0.4%), and 3 E. murinum from 2 (0.1%) out of 1.366 A. agrarius examined. E. japonicus was found only in 1 (1.9%; total 3 specimens) C. lasiura. These results demonstrate that A. agrarius and C. lasiura, inhabiting near the DMZ of Gyeonggi-do serve as the natural definitive hosts for several species of echinostomes, although their infection rates are low. This is the first record of natural infections of A. agrarius with E. cinetorchis and C. lasiura with E. japonicus in the Republic of Korea.

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  • Global distribution of zoonotic digenetic trematodes: a scoping review
    Yue Hu, Rong-Jian Zhan, Shi-Lin Lu, Yi-Yang Zhang, Min-Yu Zhou, Hui Huang, Ding-Ding Wang, Tao Zhang, Zi-Xin Huang, Yun-Fei Zhou, Zhi-Yue Lv
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infections of Intestinal Helminth at Two Species of Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius and A. Peninsulae, in Gangwondo and Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
    Jae-Hyung Lee, Shuang Gong, Yung Chul Park, Hyun-Ju Kim, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 301.     CrossRef
  • Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Echinostoma hortense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
    Ze-Xuan Liu, Yan Zhang, Yu-Ting Liu, Qiao-Cheng Chang, Xin Su, Xue Fu, Dong-Mei Yue, Yuan Gao, Chun-Ren Wang
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 173.     CrossRef
  • Helicobacter apodemussp. nov., a newHelicobacterspecies identified from the gastrointestinal tract of striped field mice in Korea
    Woo Jin Jeon, Hee-Jin Dong, Jae Hoon Shin, Il Yong Kim, Hungwui Ho, Seung Hyun Oh, Young Min Yoon, Yang-Kyu Choi, Jun Gyo Suh, Ki-Hoan Nam, Hyoung-Chin Kim, Seongbeom Cho, Je Kyung Seong
    Journal of Veterinary Science.2015; 16(4): 475.     CrossRef
  • Three Echinostome Species from Wild Birds in the Republic of Korea
    Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Mihyeon Oh, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Hang Lee, Keeseon S. Eom
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(5): 513.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal Helminthic Infections in Striped Field Mice,Apodemus agrarius, from Two Southern Regions of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Hyeon-Je Song, Chung-Mo Kim, Gi-Jin Nam
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(4): 419.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal Parasites among Wild Rodents in Northern Gangwon-do, Korea
    Young-Il Lee, Hee-Jang Pyeon, Min Seo
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(5): 603.     CrossRef
  • Trematodes Recovered in the Small Intestine of Stray Cats in the Republic of Korea
    Jong-Yil Chai, Young Yil Bahk, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(1): 99.     CrossRef
  • Fish-borne Parasitic Diseases
    Jong-Yil Chai
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 223.     CrossRef
  • Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
    Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69.     CrossRef
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Original Article

Anti-leishmanial Effects of Trinitroglycerin in BALB/C Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway
Hossein Nahrevanian, Mana Najafzadeh, Reza Hajihosseini, Habib Nazem, Mahin Farahmand, Zahra Zamani
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):109-115.
Published online May 27, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.109

This study investigated whether trinitroglycerine (TNG) as nitric oxide (NO) releasing agent had anti-leishmanial effects and mediated pathology in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a zoonotic infection caused by leishmania protozoa is still one of the health problems in the world and in Iran. NO is involved in host immune responses against intracellular L. major, and leishmania killing by macrophages is mediated by this substance. Moreover, application of CL treatment with NO-donors has been recently indicated. In our study, TNG was used for its ability to increase NO and to modify CL infection in mice, in order to evaluate NO effects on lesion size and formation, parasite proliferation inside macrophages, amastigote visceralization in target organs, and NO induction in plasma and organ suspensions. Data obtained in this study indicated that TNG increased plasma and liver-NO, reduced lesion sizes, removed amastigotes from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, declined proliferation of amastigotes, hepatomegaly, and increased survival rate. However, TNG reduced spleen-NO and had no significant effects on spelenomegaly. The results show that TNG therapy reduced leishmaniasis and pathology in association with raised NO levels. TNG had some antiparasitic activity by reduction of positive smears from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, which could emphasize the role of TNG to inhibit visceralization of L. major in target organs.

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  • Topical liposomal amphotericin B gel treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, pilot study
    Amir Horev, Orli Sagi, Eyal Zur, Shalom Ben‐Shimol
    International Journal of Dermatology.2023; 62(1): 40.     CrossRef
  • Partial Immunotherapy of Leishmaniasis by in vivo Trial of L-Arginine in Balb/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway
    Fatemeh Faezi, Hossein Nahrevania, Mahin Farahmand, Mohammad Sayyah, Seyed Kazem Bidoki, Sara Nemati
    International Journal of Biological Chemistry.2015; 9(3): 110.     CrossRef
  • Is topical nitric oxide and cryotherapy more effective than cryotherapy in the treatment of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis?
    Farideh Jowkar, Farideh Dehghani, Akram Jamshidzadeh
    Journal of Dermatological Treatment.2012; 23(2): 131.     CrossRef
  • Immunomodulation by chemotherapeutic agents against Leishmaniasis
    Piu Saha, Debanjan Mukhopadhyay, Mitali Chatterjee
    International Immunopharmacology.2011; 11(11): 1668.     CrossRef
  • Leishmania–macrophage interactions: Insights into the redox biology
    Tim Van Assche, Maartje Deschacht, Raquel A. Inocêncio da Luz, Louis Maes, Paul Cos
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2011; 51(2): 337.     CrossRef
  • Nitric oxide contributes to learning and memory deficits observed in hypothyroid rats during neonatal and juvenile growth
    Mahmoud Hosseini, Samaneh Sadat Dastghaib, Houshang Rafatpanah, Mosa Al-Reza Hadjzadeh, Hossein Nahrevanian, Ismaeil Farrokhi
    Clinics.2010; 65(11): 1175.     CrossRef
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Brief Communication

Antibody Responses in Sera of Different Mouse Strains Experimentally Infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense
Eun-Taek Han, Jun-Hu Chen, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):279-283.
Published online December 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.279

To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.

Citations

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  • Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
    Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69.     CrossRef
  • 7,754 View
  • 73 Download
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Viscerotropic growth pattern of Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice is suggestive of a murine model for human viscerotropic leishmaniasis
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):247-253.
Published online December 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.247

Leishmania (L.) tropica is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and occasionally of visceral or viscerotropic leishmaniasis in humans. Murine models of Leishmania infection have been proven to be useful for elucidation of mechanisms for pathogenesis and immunity in leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to establish a murine model for human viscerotropic leishmaniasis, and the growth pattern of L. tropica was studied in different tissues of BALB/c mice in order to find out whether the parasite visceralizes in this murine model. L. major was used as a control as this species is known to cause a progressive infection in BALB/c mice. L. tropica or L. major was injected into the footpad of mice, and thickness of footpad, parasite loads in different tissues, and the weight of the spleen and lymph node were determined at different intervals. Results showed that L. tropica visceralizes to the spleen and grows there while its growth is controlled in footpad tissues. Dissemination of L. tropica to visceral organs in BALB/c mice was similar to the growth patterns of this parasite in human viscerotropic leishmaniasis. The BALB/c model of L. tropica infection may be considered as a good experimental model for human diseases.

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  • Influence of sex hormones on the immune response to leishmaniasis
    Layana Pachêco de Araújo Albuquerque, Amanda Miranda da Silva, Francisca Miriane de Araújo Batista, Ingridi de Souza Sene, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
    Parasite Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Farhat Afrin, Garima Chouhan, Mohammad Islamuddin, Muzamil Y. Want, Hani A. Ozbak, Hassan A. Hemeg, Fabiano Oliveira
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(5): e0007227.     CrossRef
  • Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species
    Ryan D. Lockard, Mary E. Wilson, Nilda E. Rodríguez
    Journal of Immunology Research.2019; 2019: 1.     CrossRef
  • Heterogeneity of humoral immune response to Leishmania tropica in an experimental model
    Mosayeb Rostamian, Alisha Akya, Hamid M. Niknam
    Parasitology Research.2019; 118(4): 1231.     CrossRef
  • Leishmania tropica: suggestive evidences for the effect of infectious dose on pathogenicity and immunogenicity in an experimental model
    Mosayeb Rostamian, Davood Jafari, Maryam Abolghazi, Hadiseh Farahani, Hamid M. Niknam
    Parasitology Research.2018; 117(9): 2949.     CrossRef
  • Vaccination with whole-cell killed or recombinant leishmanial protein and toll-like receptor agonists against Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice
    Mosayeb Rostamian, Fariborz Bahrami, Hamid M. Niknam, Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(9): e0204491.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Murine Infection Model withLeishmania killicki, Responsible for Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in Algeria: Application in Pharmacology
    Naouel Eddaikra, Ihcene Kherachi Djenad, Sihem Benbetka, Razika Benikhlef, Khatima Aït-Oudhia, Farida Moulti-Mati, Bruno Oury, Denis Sereno, Zoubir Harrat
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    Garima Chouhan, Mohammad Islamuddin, Muzamil Y. Want, Hani A. Ozbak, Hassan A. Hemeg, Dinkar Sahal, Farhat Afrin
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  • Experimental acquisition, development, and transmission of Leishmania tropica by Phlebotomus duboscqi
    Hanafi A. Hanafi, El-Shaimaa M. Nour El-Din, Shabaan S.I. El-Hossary, Rania M. Kaldas, Jeffrey T. Villinski, Barry D. Furman, David J. Fryauff
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  • The Route of Leishmania tropica Infection Determines Disease Outcome and Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice
    Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Ghader Khalili, Firoozeh Abrishami, Ali Najafy, Vahid Khaze
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • Molecular epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and heterogeneity of Leishmania major strains in Iran
    Hamid Mahmoudzadeh‐Niknam, Soheila Ajdary, Farhad Riazi‐Rad, Ebrahim Mirzadegan, Abdolhossein Rezaeian, Vahid Khaze, Navid D. Djadid, Mohammad H. Alimohammadian
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    Dalit Talmi-Frank, Charles L. Jaffe, Abedelmajeed Nasereddin, Gad Baneth
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  • Protective immunity against Leishmania major induced by Leishmania tropica infection of BALB/c mice
    Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani
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    Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren, Simon J. Foote, Emanuela Handman
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Parvatrema chaii n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) from mice experimentally infected with metacercariae collected from surf-clam, Mactra veneriformis
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Yong-Suk Ryang, Hilda Lei Ching, Soon-Hyung Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(2):115-120.
Published online June 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.115

Parvatrema chaii n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) is described using the worms recovered from experimentally infected mice in Korea. The metacercariae were collected from surf-clams, Mactra veneriformis, from a tidal flat in Sochon-gun, Chungchongnam-do. The metacercariae were elliptical (0.262 × 0.132 mm), and the genital pore had an anterior arch of 16-17 sensory papillae in scanning electron microscopic view. Adult worms were ovoid to foliate (0.275-0.303 by 0.140-0.150 mm), and their characteristic features included the presence of lateral lips, short esophagus, genital pore located some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, club-shaped seminal vesicle, a compact to slightly lobed vitellarium, elliptical eggs (0.018-0.020 by 0.010-0.013 mm), and absence of the ventral pit. This gymnophallid is classified as a member of the genus Parvatrema because of the location of the wide genital pore some distance from the ventral sucker, and the absence of the ventral pit. It differs from previously reported Parvatrema species, including the type species, P. borinquenae. In particular, the morphologies of the vitellarium and the genital pore with an anterior arch of 16-17 sensory papillae are unique features. Therefore, we propose it as a new species, Parvatrema chaii n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae).

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    International Journal for Parasitology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hojong Jun, Min-Jae Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 83.     CrossRef
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    Diana Montenegro, María Soledad Romero, María Teresa González
    Parasitology International.2021; 80: 102238.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and Molecular Confirmation of Parvatrema duboisi Metacercariae in the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Gochang-gun, Korea
    Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyejoo Shin, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Deok-Gyu Kim, Laddawan Patarwut, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 87.     CrossRef
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 399.     CrossRef
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    Przemysław Sztajner
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    Margarita C. Ostrowski de Núñez, Nathalia J. Arredondo, Alicia A. Gil de Pertierra
    Systematic Parasitology.2011; 80(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • Redescription of Parspina argentinensis (Szidat, 1954) (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from freshwater fishes (Pimelodidae) in the basins of the Paraná and La Plata Rivers, Argentina, with comments on P. bagre Pearse, 1920
    Margarita C. Ostrowski de Núñez, Nathalia J. Arredondo, Irene L. Doma, Alicia A. Gil de Pertierra
    Systematic Parasitology.2011; 78(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    Ok-Sik Chung, Hye-Jung Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo
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    Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 101.     CrossRef
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Cytokine and antibody responses of reactivated murine toxoplasmosis upon administration of dexamethasone
Ki-Man Kang, In-Uk Choi, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):209-219.
Published online September 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.209

Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to result in life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients after reactivation of dormant parasites. In order to obtain information on immune responses related to this phenomenon, BALB/c mice were infected with 25 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, then, treated orally with dexamethasone (Toxo/Dexa-treated group) in order to reactivate the chronic toxoplasmosis. None of the T. gondii-infected mice died during the experimental periods, whereas the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice evidenced a significant attenuation of survival periods. Toxoplasma-specific IgG2a, IgA and IgM titers in sera were significantly depressed in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice; however, the IgG1 sera titers were similar to those seen in the Toxoplasma-infected mice. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were significantly reduced 2 weeks after dexamethasone treatment. IFN-γ and IL-10 production levels in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were depressed significantly, whereas IL-4 production was increased temporarily. The expression levels of the Toxoplasma-specific P30 and B1 genes were found to have been increased in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice in comparison with the Toxoplasma-infected mice. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that reactivation of murine toxoplasmosis as the result of dexamethasone treatment induced a depression in Th1 immune responses, whereas Th2 immune responses were not significantly influenced.

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    Frontiers in Physiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Toxoplasma gondii 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein: Systemic Detection Is Associated with the Death of the Parasites by the Immune Response and Its Increased Expression in the Brain Is Associated with Parasite Replication
    Paulo Victor Czarnewski Barenco, Elaine Vicente Lourenço, Jair Pereira Cunha-Júnior, Karine Cristine Almeida, Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira, Deise Aparecida Oliveira Silva, Ester Cristina Borges Araújo, Loyane Bertagnolli Coutinho, Mário Cézar Oliveira, T
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  • Evaluation of the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in mice with visceral toxocariasis
    Luciana Farias da Costa de Avila, Juliana Santos Vieira da Fonseca, Gisele Ferreira Dutra, Paula de Lima Telmo, Ana Maria Wolkmer Azambuja Silva, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva, Fabricio Rochedo Conceição, Carlos James Scaini
    Parasitology Research.2012; 110(1): 443.     CrossRef
  • Real-Time RT-PCR on SAG1 and BAG1 Gene Expression during Stage Conversion in Immunosuppressed Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Tehran Strain
    Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Mina Selseleh, Ebrahim Azizi, Hossein Keshavarz
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 199.     CrossRef
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    Aongart Mahittikorn, Hannes Wickert, Yaowalark Sukthana
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  • Autism spectrum disorders may be due to cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with chronic neuroinflammation causing persistent hypercytokinemia that resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and depressed metabolism of endogenous and exo
    Joseph Prandota
    Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders.2010; 4(2): 119.     CrossRef
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    Joseph Prandota
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    Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska, Halina Kemona
    Clinical and Developmental Immunology.2009; 2009: 1.     CrossRef
  • Idiopatyczne nadciśnienie śródczaszkowe, guz rzekomy czaszki oraz aseptyczne zapalenie opon mogą być spowodowane reaktywacją latentnej toksoplazmozy mózgowej
    Józef Prandota
    Pediatria Polska.2009; 84(5): 453.     CrossRef
  • THE IMPORTANCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN DISEASES PRESENTING WITH HEADACHES. HEADACHES AND ASEPTIC MENINGITIS MAY BE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE JARISCH-HERXHEIMER REACTION
    JOSEPH PRANDOTA
    International Journal of Neuroscience.2009; 119(12): 2144.     CrossRef
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    Yuji Nonaka, Takayuki Izumo, Fumi Izumi, Toshihiro Maekawa, Hiroshi Shibata, Aoi Nakano, Atsuko Kishi, Kaoru Akatani, Yoshinobu Kiso
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    Joseph Prandota
    American Journal of Therapeutics.2007; 14(1): 63.     CrossRef
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Identification of novel Leishmania major antigens that elicit IgG2a response in resistant and susceptible mice
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):43-48.
Published online March 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.43

Experimental murine models with high, intermediate and low levels of genetically based susceptibility to Leishmania major infection reproduce almost entire spectrum of clinical manifestations of the human disease. There are increasing non-comparative studies on immune responses against isolated antigens of L. major in different murine strains. The aim of the present study was to find out whether there is an antigen that can induce protective immune response in resistant and susceptible murine strains. To do that, crude antigenic extract of procyclic and metacyclic promastigotes of L. major was prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Western-blotting was used to search for antigen(s) capable of raising high antibody level of IgG2a versus IgG1 in the sera of both infected resistant and susceptible strains. Two novel antigens from metacyclic promastigotes of L. major (140 and 152 kDa) were potentially able to induce specific dominant IgG2a responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The 2 antigens also reacted with IgG antibody of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. We confirm that 140 and 152 kDa proteins of L. major promastigotes are inducing IgG production in mice and humans.

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    Pourandokht Mousavian, Vahid Mashayekhi Goyonlo, Mohammad Javanbakht, Mahmoud Reza Jafari, Hamidreza Moosavian, Monovar Afzal Aghaei, Mohammadreza Malekzadeh
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    Apeksha Anand, Deep Chandra Balodi, Karthik Ramalingam, Shailendra Yadav, Neena Goyal
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    Deepak Kumar Goyal, Poonam Keshav, Sukhbir Kaur
    Immunobiology.2021; 226(2): 152057.     CrossRef
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    Deepak Kumar Goyal, Poonam Keshav, Sukhbir Kaur
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 93: 104947.     CrossRef
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    Vaccine.2018; 36(34): 5124.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of vaccinal effectiveness of preparations containing membrane antigens of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis model
    João G. Ribeiro, Amália S. Ferreira, Sharon R.A. Macedo, Norton R.D.L.P. Rossi, Mayara C.P. da Silva, Rosane N.M. Guerra, Neuza B. de Barros, Roberto Nicolete
    International Immunopharmacology.2017; 47: 227.     CrossRef
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    Ankita Thakur, Harpreet Kaur, Sukhbir Kaur
    Parasitology International.2015; 64(1): 70.     CrossRef
  • Ox40L–Ox40 pathway plays distinct roles in regulating Th2 responses but does not determine outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major
    Rashmi Tuladhar, Steve Oghumu, Ran Dong, Allison Peterson, Arlene H. Sharpe, Abhay R. Satoskar
    Experimental Parasitology.2015; 148: 49.     CrossRef
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    A. Sassi, O. Kaak, A. Ben Ammar Elgaied
    Parasite Immunology.2015; 37(10): 544.     CrossRef
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    Fatemeh Tabatabaie, Mehdi Mahdavi, Sobhan Faezi, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Zohreh Sharifi, Lame Akhlaghi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jaspreet Kaur, Tejinder Kaur, Sukhbir Kaur
    Acta Tropica.2011; 119(1): 50.     CrossRef
  • Protective effect of lectin from Synadenium carinatum on Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice
    Sandra R. Afonso-Cardoso, Flávio H. Rodrigues, Márcio A.B. Gomes, Adriano G. Silva, Ademir Rocha, Aparecida H.B. GuimarÃes, Ignês Candeloro, Sílvio Favoreto, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Maria A. de Souza
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(4): 255.     CrossRef
  • Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes
    Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(4): 287.     CrossRef
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Identification of differentially expressed cDNAs in Acanthamoeba culbertsoni after mouse brain passage
Kyu-Lee Han, Jongweon Lee, Don-Soo Kim, Soon-Jung Park, Kyung-il Im, Tai-Soon Yong
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):15-20.
Published online March 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.15

Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are causative agents of granulomatous amebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis. Because the virulence of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni cultured in the laboratory is restored by consecutive brain passages, we examined the genes induced in mouse brain-passaged A. culbertsoni by differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). Enhanced A. culbertsoni virulence was observed during the second mouse brain passage, i.e., infected mouse mortality increased from 5% to 70%. Ten cDNAs induced during mouse brain passage were identified by DDRT-PCR and this was confirmed by northern blot analysis. BlastX searches of these cDNAs indicated the upregulations of genes encoding predictive NADH-dehydrogenase, proteasomal ATPase, and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B, which have previously been reported to be associated with A. culbertsoni virulence factors.

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  • Acanthamoeba culbertsoni: Electron‐Dense Granules in a Highly Virulent Clinical Isolate
    Bibiana Chávez‐Munguía, Lizbeth Salazar‐Villatoro, Maritza Omaña‐Molina, Martha Espinosa‐Cantellano, Elizabeth Ramírez‐Flores, Jacob Lorenzo‐Morales, Adolfo Martínez‐Palomo
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    C. Massilamany, O. A. Asojo, A. Gangaplara, D. Steffen, J. Reddy
    International Immunology.2011; 23(12): 729.     CrossRef
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    Ying-Hua Xuan, Yeon-Chul Hong, Yong-Seok Lee, Se-Won Kang, Hak-Sun Yu, Tae-In Ahn, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong
    Experimental Parasitology.2009; 123(3): 226.     CrossRef
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Brief Communication
Genotype and animal infectivity of a human isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum in the Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Tai-Soon Yong, Soon-Jung Park, Jae-Hwan Park, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(2):85-89.
Published online June 20, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.85

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were isolated from a child suffering from acute gastroenteritis and successfully passaged in a calf and mice (designated hereafter SNU-H1) in the Republic of Korea; its molecular genotype has been analyzed. The GAG microsatellite region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a 238 base pair product, which is commonly displayed in C. parvum. The isolate was shown to be a mixture of the genotypes 1 (anthroponotic) and 2 (zoonotic). To study its infectivity in animals, 2 calves and 3 strains of mice were infected with the SNU-H1; in these animals, the propagation of both genotypes was successful. In immunosuppressed (ImSP) BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice the number of oocysts decreased after day 10 post-infection (PI); but in ImSP ICR mice, they remained constant until day 27 PI. The results show that both the C. parvum genotypes 1 and 2 can be propagated in calves and ImSP mice.

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    D.A. Abdullah, S.D. Ola-Fadunsin, K. Ruviniyia, F.I. Gimba, P. Chandrawathani, Y.A.L. Lim, F.F.A. Jesse, R.S.K. Sharma
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    Ryan V. Labana, Julieta Z. Dungca, Veeranoot Nissapatorn
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    Sabine Eva Schiller, Koa Narelle Webster, Michelle Power
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    Hyeng-Il Cheun, Kyungjin Kim, Sejoung Yoon, Won-Ja Lee, Woo-Yoon Park, Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu
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    M. Giles, R. Chalmers, G. Pritchard, K. Elwin, D. Mueller‐Doblies, F. Clifton‐Hadley
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    Zia Bukhari, David M. Holt, Michael W. Ware, Frank W. Schaefer
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  • Genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. prevalent in a rural village in Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
    Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    H. V. Smith, R. A. B. Nichols, M. Mallon, A. Macleod, A. Tait, W. J. Reilly, L. M. Browning, D. Gray, S. W. J. Reid, J. M. Wastling
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  • Infectivity of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum Genotype 2 Isolates in Immunosuppressed Mongolian Gerbils
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