Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"ELISA"

Original Articles

Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study: Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):181-185.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.181

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is not endemic in the Republic of Korea (Korea) with a positivity rate of <1% in stool examination. However, there is a risk of hyperinfection in immunosuppressed individuals. It is necessary to determine the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in Korea. This study investigated the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in the southeastern area of Korea. From January 2019 to June 2021, serum samples were collected from participants who visited the study center in the southeastern region of Korea for routine health check-ups. We determined serum levels of specific anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies in 834 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed that 92 samples (11.0%) tested showed a positive response. The age of the participants was 51±10.7 years, and 43.4% of them were men. The antibody positivity rate based on the location of the participants’ residence were 12.3% (Gyoungsangnam-do), 10.2% (Busan), and 10.1% (Ulsan), respectively. Total eosinophil count was associated with positive test results (154.8±152.0 per mm³ versus 202.1±178.9 per mm³, P=0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that blood eosinophil count, age above 50 years, and residence in Sacheon were factors associated with the positive status of S. stercoralis antibody. Our finding suggests that it is necessary to test for S. stercoralis in actual clinical settings in Korea.

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Screening for strongyloidiasis among selected populations in Taiwan: Prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes
Sung-Hsi Huang, Yen-Lin Chen, Hao-Yu Lin, Aristine Cheng, Lih-Yu Chang, Yi-Chia Huang, Po-Hsien Kuo, Yueh-Feng Wen, Chia-Jung Liu, Chia-Hao Chang, Wei-Shun Yang, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Pin-Ru Chu, Chi-Wei Tseng, Yi-Ching Su, Li-Hsin Su, Li-Ta Keng, Chi-Ying Lin
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 66: 102866. CrossRef
A silent threat behind bars: Serosurvey and associated risk factors for strongyloidiasis in female inmates and correctional officers
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Gabriel Luís Brucinski Pinto, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Juliano Ribeiro, Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach
Acta Tropica.2024; 257: 107301. CrossRef

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Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infections using Virus-Like Particles Displaying T. gondii ROP4 Antigen: Min-Ju Kim, Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Fu-Shi Quan; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):565-572.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.565

Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infections are typically diagnosed by serological tests. However, serological diagnosis of RH strain-induced toxoplasmosis remains unknown. In order to develop seradiagnosis of above 2 kinds of infections, we generated recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the T. gondii rhoptry protein 4 (ROP4) and evaluated their potential in T. gondii ME49 or RH strain infection diagnostics. Mice were orally infected with either the tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH) or cysts of T. gondii (ME49) at various dosages, and sera were collected at regular intervals. ELISA-based serological tests were performed to assess IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses against ROP4 VLP antigen and tissue lysate antigen (TLA). Compared to TLA, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels to ROP4 VLP antigen were significantly higher in the sera of T. gondii RH-infected mice 1 and 2 week post-infection (PI). T. gondii-specific IgG antibody was detected at 1, 2, 4, and 8 week PI in the T. gondii ME49-infected mice with infection dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the ROP4 VLP antigen was highly sensitive antigens detecting T. gondii RH and ME49 antibodies at an early stage.

Citations

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IgM Antibody Detection as a Diagnostic Marker for Acute Toxoplasmosis: Current Status of Studies and Main Limitations
Karolina Sołowińska, Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
Antibodies.2025; 14(2): 44. CrossRef
Could metformin modulate the outcome of chronic murine toxoplasmosis?
Maha Mohamed Gomaa, Samar Nabil El Achy, Nehal Nassef Hezema
Acta Tropica.2024; 258: 107339. CrossRef
Trend in serological and molecular diagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii infection
Min-ju Kim, Soeun J. Park, Hyunwoo Park
European Journal of Medical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Min-Ju Kim, Ki-Back Chu, Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Gi-Deok Eom, Keon-Woong Yoon, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, Young-Ha Lee, Fu-Shi Quan
Biomedicines.2022; 10(11): 2812. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Dogs from Various Locations in West and East Malaysia: Malaika Watanabe, Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Nazrul Iqbal Abdul Mulop, Konto Mohammed, Puteri Azaziah Megat Rani, Lau Seng Fong, Nor Azlina Aziz, Juriah Kamaludeen, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Tan Li Ping, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):487-492.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.487

Abstract
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Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most important zoonotic parasite worldwide. In dogs, the sexual reproductive cycle of T. gondii is lacking, and the animals are not widely consumed as food, but they are vital in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. However, there is no present data on the exposure of stray dogs to T. gondii in Malaysia. The
objective
of this serological survey was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and associated factors in stray dogs in East and West Malaysia. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 222 stray dogs from 6 different states in East and West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) using an Indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 23.4% (Confidence interval: CI 17.8-29.2%). Stray dogs from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had the highest seroprevalence (32.4%; CI 13.2-45.5%) and lowest in those from Penang and Kedah (12.5%; CI 1.3-23.5%). Gender and breed were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. However, adult dogs were more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii (OR=2.89; CI 1.1-7.7) compared with younger dogs. These results revealed that T. gondii is prevalent in stray dogs in the studied areas in Malaysia, and indicative of the level of environmental contamination of this parasite especially in urban areas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011–2022: a systematic literature review
Thanh Trung Nguyen, Thi Ngan Mai, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee
Veterinary Quarterly.2024; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
A 20-year serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs with neuromuscular disorders from urban areas in Argentina
María Laura Gos, María Cecilia Venturini, Lorena De Felice, Andrea Dellarupe, Magdalena Rambeaud, Lais Pardini, Lucía María Campero, Mariana Bernstein, Diana Bacigalupe, Walter Basso, Gastón Moré, Juan Manuel Unzaga
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 330: 110235. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Besnoitia besnoiti Infections in Cattle and Goats in Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Azim Salahuddin Muhamad, Siti Aisyah Hamdan, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Zunita Zakaria, Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz, Rozaihan Mansor, Siti Suri Arshad, Nurulhidayah Khalid, Norhamizah Abdul Hamid, Juriah Kamaludeen, Sharifah Salmah Syed-H
Animals.2023; 13(5): 948. CrossRef
Public perspectives on strays and companion animal management in Malaysia
Syafiq Munir Ismail Munir, Mohd Istajib Mokhtar, Ahmad Firdhaus Arham
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Antibodies in Dogs and Cats from Egypt and Risk Factor Analysis
Dina B. Salama, Ragab M. Fereig, Hanan H. Abdelbaky, Moshera S. Shahat, Waleed M. Arafa, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Adel E.A. Mohamed, Samy Metwally, Osama Abas, Xun Suo, Nishith Gupta, Caroline F. Frey
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1464. CrossRef
Ruminant farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards zoonotic diseases in Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Norhamizah Abdul Hamid, Ummu Khalisah Yusri, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Syahirah Ahmad Affandi, Malaika Watanabe, Juriah Kamaludeen, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2021; 196: 105489. CrossRef
High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in stray dogs from Rolim de Moura, Rondônia state, Western Brazilian Amazon
Henrique Momo Ziemniczak, Maerle Oliveira Maia, Maiara Oliveira Maia, Elvino Ferreira, Nayche Tortato Vieira , Klaus Casaro Saturnino, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani, Ana Amélia Domingues Gomes , Richard de Campos Pacheco, Thaís Rabelo Santos-Do
Semina: Ciências Agrárias.2021; 42(6): 3535. CrossRef

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Intestinal Parasites in an Ottoman Period Latrine from Acre (Israel) Dating to the Early 1800s CE: William H. Eskew, Marissa L. Ledger, Abigail Lloyd, Grace Pyles, Joppe Gosker, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):575-580.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.575

Abstract
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The aim of this study is to determine the species of parasites that affected the inhabitants of the city of Acre on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean during the Ottoman Period. This is the first archaeological study of parasites in the Ottoman Empire. We analysed sediment from a latrine dating to the early 1800s for the presence of helminth eggs and protozoan parasites which caused dysentery. The samples were examined using light microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We found evidence for roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), fish tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus sp.), Taenia tapeworm (Taenia sp.), lancet liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), and the protozoa Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite taxa recovered demonstrate the breadth of species present in this coastal city. We consider the effect of Ottoman Period diet, culture, trade and sanitation upon risk of parasitism in this community living 200 years ago.

Citations

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A glimpse into daily life in an Ottoman harbour: Evidence from a cesspit in Ainos (Türkiye)
Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Anca Dan, Piers D Mitchell, Tianyi Wang, W. Marijn van der Meij, Jean-Baptiste Houal, Sait Başaran, Türker Arslan, Ercan Erkul, Simon Fischer, Wolfgang Rabbel, Felix Reize, Helmut Brückner
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104766. CrossRef
Giardia duodenalis and dysentery in Iron Age Jerusalem (7th–6th century BCE)
Piers D. Mitchell, Tianyi Wang, Ya'akov Billig, Yuval Gadot, Peter Warnock, Dafna Langgut
Parasitology.2023; 150(8): 693. CrossRef
Paleomicrobiology of the human digestive tract: A review
Riccardo Nodari, Michel Drancourt, Rémi Barbieri
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 157: 104972. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitology — a new source of reconstruction of migrations of ancient populations: opportunities, results, and prospects
S.M. Slepchenko
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (3(54)): 147. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein Eg mefAg-1 as a Serodiagnostic Candidate for Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep: Liu Tianli, Wang Xifeng, Tian Zhenzhong, Wang Lixia, Zhang Xingxing, Qiao Jun, Meng Qingling, Gong Shasha, Chen Ying, Cai Xuepeng; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):61-67.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.61

Abstract
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in sheep is a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). At present, serological test is an important diagnostic method for Eg infection in domestic animals. Here, a fusion protein Eg mefAg-1 harboring 8 dominant B-cell epitopes of Eg such as antigen B, tetraspanin 1, tetraspanin 6, reticulon and Eg95 was produced in E. coli and evaluated for CE in sheep by indirect ELISA. Eg mefAg-1 showed in ELISA a high sensitivity (93.41%) and specificity (99.31%), with a coincidence rate of 97.02%. Overall, it is suggested that the Eg mefAg-1 could be a potential antigen candidate for CE serodiagnosis in sheep.

Citations

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Rapid and non‐invasive detection of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum fluorescence spectrum combined with machine learning algorithms
Shengke Xu, Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Maierhaba Maimaitiaili, Jingrui Dou, Malike Aizezi, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Xiaoyi Lü, Guodong Lü
Journal of Biophotonics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis
Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Anna Julia Ribeiro, Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende, Carolina Alves Petit Couto, Isadora Braga Gandra, Isabelle Caroline dos Santos Barcelos, Jonatas Oliveira da Silva, Juliana Martins Machado, Kamila Alves Silva, Líria Souza Si
Microbial Cell Factories.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression and serodiagnostic efficacy of a novel echinococcosis-specific recombinant fusion antigen rAgB8/1-Em18-Eg95
Yang Xianwei, Wang Tao, Chen Yin, Wang Wentao
Parasitology.2024; 151(13): 1458. CrossRef
Rapid and accurate screening of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms
Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Jingrui Dou, Xiangxiang Zheng, Xiaoyi Lü, Hui Zhao, Lingfei Yang, Renyong Lin, Guodong Lü
Journal of Biophotonics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of a novel Echinococcus granulosus recombinant fusion B-EpC1 antigen for the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis using indirect ELISA in comparison with a commercial diagnostic ELISA kit
Enayat Darabi, Elahe Motevaseli, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Bagher Rokni, Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh, Farzaneh Zahabiun, Soudabeh Heidari, Eshrat Beigom Kia
Experimental Parasitology.2022; 240: 108339. CrossRef
Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infection by using extracts derived from a protoscoleces G1 cell line
Andrea Maglioco, Jorge Gentile, Melisa S. Barbery Venturi, Oscar Jensen, Claudia Hernández, María Laura Gertiser, Verónica Poggio, Gabriela Canziani, Alicia Graciela Fuchs
Parasite Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Quantification of Immunoglobulin G against Trypanosoma cruzi in Individuals with Chronic Chagas Disease Treated with Nifurtimox and Evaluated in Prolonged Follow-Up: Gabriela Mun?oz, Camilo Vergara, Gabriela Marti?nez, Werner Apt, Ine?s Zulantay; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):39-41.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.39

Abstract
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In the indeterminate chronic period of Chagas disease (ChD) the treatment has not been conclusive, because the serological negativization requires many years. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of nifurtimox (NF) in the treatment of chronic ChD in prolonged follow-up by serological techniques of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG comparing 2 groups of patients, treated and non treated. Mann-Whitney test was performed for ELISA and IFA, with significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). IgG levels were lower in individuals treated compared with untreated patients, indicating chemotherapeutic efficacy in prolonged follow-up.

Citations

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Changes in lipid abundance are associated with disease progression and treatment response in chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Juan Carlos Gabaldón-Figueira, Albert Ros-Lucas, Nieves Martínez-Peinado, Gavin Blackburn, Irene Losada-Galvan, Elizabeth Posada, Cristina Ballart, Elisa Escabia, Jordi Capellades, Oscar Yanes, María-Jesús Pinazo, Joaquim Gascón, Julio Alonso-Padilla
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Discrete Typing Units of Trypanosoma cruzi Identified by Real-Time PCR in Peripheral Blood and Dejections of Triatoma infestans Used in Xenodiagnosis Descriptive Study
Inés Zulantay, Gabriela Muñoz, Daniela Liempi, Tamara Rozas, María José Manneschi, Catalina Muñoz-San Martín, Carezza Botto-Mahan, Werner Apt, Gonzalo Cabrera
Pathogens.2022; 11(7): 787. CrossRef
Differential phenotypic and functional profile of epitope-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in benznidazole-treated chronic asymptomatic Chagas disease patients
Adriana Egui, Manuel Carlos López, Inmaculada Gómez, Marina Simón, Manuel Segovia, M. Carmen Thomas
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2020; 1866(3): 165629. CrossRef
Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi by PCR in adults with chronic Chagas disease treated with nifurtimox
Camilo Vergara, Gabriela Muñoz, Gabriela Martínez, Werner Apt, Inés Zulantay, Jude Marek Przyborski
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(8): e0221100. CrossRef
Chronic Chagas disease: Quantification of Trypanosoma cruzi in peripheral blood and dejections of Triatoma infestans fed by xenodiagnosis in patients with and without cardiopathy
Werner Apt, Daniela Carrasco, Cristian Fuentealba, Mauricio Canals, Gabriela Muñoz, Miguel Saavedra, Juan-Paul Castillo, Inés Zulantay
Acta Tropica.2019; 200: 105167. CrossRef

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Original Article

Tissue Fluid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay for Piglets Experimentally Infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Survey on Local and Imported Pork in Korean Retail Meat Markets: Won Gi Yoo, Sun-Min Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Ji-Yun Lee, Fuhong Dai, Ho Choon Woo, Ho-Woo Nam, Tae Im Kim, Jeong-Hee Han, Dongmi Kwak, Yun Sang Cho, Seung-Won Kang, Tong-Soo Kim, Xing-Quan Zhu, Chunren Wang, Heejeong Youn, Sung-Jong Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):437-446.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.437

Abstract
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To investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork on the market in Korea, an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tissue fluid (CAU-tf-ELISA) was developed using a soluble extract of T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. As the standard positive controls, the piglets were experimentally infected with T. gondii: Group A (1,000 cysts-containing bradyzoites), Group B (500 cysts-containing bradyzoites) and Group C (1.0×103 or 1.0×104 tachyzoites). The CAU-tf-ELISA demonstrated infection intensity-dependent positivity toward tissue fluids with average cut-off value 0.15: 100% for Group A, 93.8% for Group B and 40.6% for Group C. When tissue-specific cut-off values 0.066-0.199 were applied, CAU-tf-ELISA showed 96.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive and 90.0% negative predictive values. When compared with the same tissue fluids, performance of CAU-tf-ELISA was better than that of a commercial ELISA kit. Of the 583 Korea domestic pork samples tested, anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected from 9.1% of whole samples and 37.9% from skirt meat highest among pork parts. In the 386 imported frozen pork samples, 1.8% (skirt meat and shoulder blade) were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies. In Korea, prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the pork on retail markets appeared high, suggesting that regulations on pig farming and facilities are necessary to supply safe pork on the tables.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular survey of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in pigs from various localities in Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 294. CrossRef
Foodborne transmission of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the last decade. An overview
S. Almeria, J.P. Dubey
Research in Veterinary Science.2021; 135: 371. CrossRef
Descriptive Comparison of ELISAs for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Animals: A Systematic Review
K. L. D. Tharaka D. Liyanage, Anke Wiethoelter, Jasmin Hufschmid, Abdul Jabbar
Pathogens.2021; 10(5): 605. CrossRef
All about Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs: 2009–2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Fernando H.A. Murata, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Dolores Hill, Yurong Yang, Chunlei Su
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 288: 109185. CrossRef
WITHDRAWN: All about Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs: the past decade
Jitender P. Dubey, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Fernando H.A. Murata, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Dolores Hill, Yurong R. Yang, Chunlei Su
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; : 109182. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Serological Detection of Antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in Cattle Reared in the Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea: Min-Goo Seo, In-Ouh Ouh, Seung-Hun Lee, Ui-Han Son, Paul John L. Geraldino, Man Hee Rhee, Oh-Deog Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):287-290.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.287

Abstract
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Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne, non-contagious, zoonotic disease caused by Anaplasma spp., which include Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. ovis, and A. bovis. Recently, in Korea, the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. has been investigated in some animals, such as dogs, horses, goats, cats, and Korean water deer. In cattle, A. marginale is the most virulent species and regarded as the typical type of species. However, data on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in cattle in Korea during the last decade is limited. This study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Korea. From 2010 to 2013, blood samples were collected from 568 cattle. Forty animals (7.0%) tested seropositive for Anaplasma spp. by cELISA. Despite that current bovine anaplasmosis seropositivity rate in the Gyeongsangbuk-do is lower than those in tropical countries, anaplasmosis needs to be regarded as a concerning disease. The identification of the specific Anaplasma species infecting cattle in this province requires additional molecular studies. Moreover, further monitoring and control programs for bovine anaplasmosis is required, and the information from this study will be beneficial to develop these programs.

Citations

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Prevalence of Anaplasma Spp. and Theileria Spp. Antigens and Antibodies in Housed and Grazing Korean Indigenous Cattle
Ji-Yeong Ku, Youngwoo Jung, Youngjun Kim, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Jinho Park
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Indian cattle and buffaloes
Laxmi N Sarangi, Hemanjali Mulpuri, Samir K Rana, Amitesh Prasad, Ponnanna N Muthappa
Journal of Vector Borne Diseases.2023; 60(3): 259. CrossRef
Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India
Laxmi Narayan Sarangi, Samir Kumar Rana, Amitesh Prasad, Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna, Girish Kumar Sharma
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(2): 359. CrossRef
Anaplasmosis in Animals
A. Karlsen, B. Vojtek, J. Mojžišová, M. Prokeš, M. Drážovská
Folia Veterinaria.2020; 64(4): 17. CrossRef

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Original Article

Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Diarrheic Immunocompetent Patients in Beni-Suef, Egypt: Insight into Epidemiology and Diagnosis: Samah S. Abdel Gawad, Mousa A. M. Ismail, Naglaa F. A. Imam, Ahmed H. A. Eassa, Enas Yahia abu-Sarea; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):113-119.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.113

Abstract
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Cryptosporidium species is an important cause of gastrointestinal infections globally. This study aimed to shed light on its role in diarrheic immunocompetent patients in Beni-Suef, Egypt and to compare three diagnostic methods. Two hundred diarrheic patients, 37±16.8 year old, were enrolled. Stool samples were examined by light microscopy, using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain (MZN) for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Coproantigens were detected by sandwich ELISA. DNA molecular diagnosis was done by nested PCR. PCR yielded the highest detection rates (21.0%), compared to ELISA (12.5%) and MZN staining method (9.5%). The higher infection rates were in 20-40 year-old group, followed by 40-60 year-old. Association between epidemiologic factors was statistically not significant; positivity and gender, clinical manifestations, residence, source or water, or contact with animals. Cryptosporidiosis is an important enteric parasitic infection in Beni-Suef and PCR remains the gold standard for diagnosis.

Citations

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Presença de Cryptosporidium spp e outros enteroparasitos com potencial patogênico em pacientes em hemodiálise: um estudo aberto e controlado
Yara Leite Adami, Nycole Abreu Gama, Flavia de Souza Cunha, Regina Helena Saramago Peralta, Jocemir Ronaldo Lugon
Brazilian Journal of Nephrology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Presence of Cryptosporidium spp and other enteroparasites with pathogenic potential in hemodialysis patients: an open controlled study
Yara Leite Adami, Nycole Abreu Gama, Flavia de Souza Cunha, Regina Helena Saramago Peralta, Jocemir Ronaldo Lugon
Brazilian Journal of Nephrology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigation of Cryptosporidium spp. infection among patients with diarrhea
Bassad Al‑Aboody, Noor Baqer, Ahmed Mohammed
World Academy of Sciences Journal.2025; 7(6): 1. CrossRef
Waterborne Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in resources of MENA: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Layla Ben Ayed, Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Panagiotis Karanis
Journal of Water and Health.2024; 22(8): 1491. CrossRef
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites in elderly patients
Filiz ORAK, Adem DOĞANER, Murat ARAL, Hulusi GÜVEN, Şermin İNAL, Büşra PEMBE
Cukurova Medical Journal.2023; 48(4): 1333. CrossRef
Detection of unusual Cryptosporidium parvum subtype in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Egypt
Mona I. Ali, Wegdan M. Abd El Wahab, Ahmed Hassan, Una Ryan, Lihua Xiao, Waleed M. Arafa, Doaa A. Hamdy
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(2): 597. CrossRef
Case Report: Severe Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium Diagnosed by Metagenome Next-Generation Sequencing in Blood
Huifang Shan, Chunyan Wei, Jingyi Zhang, Min He, Zhongwei Zhang
Infection and Drug Resistance.2023; Volume 16: 5777. CrossRef
Genetic map of the isolated Cryptosporidium parasite from children with diarrheal in the city of Mosul
Hibba Alobide, Firas Alkhashab, Hiyam Altaee
Bionatura.2023; 8(4): 1. CrossRef
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Brief Communication

Serodiagnosis of Extraintestinal Amebiasis: Retrospective Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of the Bordier^® ELISA Kit: Nicolas Beyls, Odile Cognet, Jean-Paul Stahl, Olivier Rogeaux, Herve Pelloux; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):71-74.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.71

Abstract
PDF

Soluble antigens from an axenic culture of Entamoeba histolytica were used to develop a commercial ELISA kit to quantify anti-E. histolytica antibodies in sera of patients with extraintestinal amebiasis in non-endemic settings. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the test were assessed retrospectively using 131 human serum samples with amoebic serologic status available. They were selected according to their results in immunofluorescence (IFAT) and were separated in 2 sample categories: 64 sera with positive results by IFAT and 67 with negative results by IFAT. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA kit were assessed at 95.0% and 94.0% compared to the IFAT. The test can be useful to exclude a potential diagnosis of amebiasis and could be used as a screening method since ELISA is an automated technique.

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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 103(6): 2233. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Comparison of Placenta PCR and Maternal Serology of Aborted Women for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Ardabil, Iran: Somaie Matin, Gholamreza Shahbazi, Shervin Tabrizian Namin, Rouhallah Moradpour, Farideh Feizi, Hadi Piri-dogahe; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):607-612.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.607

Abstract
PDF

Primary maternal infection with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is frequently associated with transplacental transmission of the parasite to the fetus. This study was conducted to test the utility of PCR assay to detect recent infections with Toxoplasma in aborted women at various gestational ages who referred to Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Alavi Hospital in Ardabil during 2014 and 2016. Two hundred women with a history of single or repeated abortion were investigated in this study. Blood samples were tested for specific anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA. According to the results, 53.5% of the women under study were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies: 4.0% of them had IgM, 43.0% had IgG, and 6.5% had both IgM and IgG. Subsequently, Nested-PCR analysis was used to detect T. gondii DNA in the placenta of subjects. In 10.5% of the women, the results were positive for 529 bp element of T. gondii. Among them, 5 (23.8%) cases were IgM positive, 1 (4.8%) case was IgG positive, and 11 (52.4%) were both IgM and IgG positive. In 4 (19.0%) patients, none of the antibodies were found to be positive. In total, 16 patients had positive results in both ELISA and PCR methods, and 174 cases had negative results for new infection. The findings of this study revealed that T. gondii might be one of the significant factors leading to abortion, and that the analysis of placenta can be important in order to achieve increased detection sensitivity.

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Igor Falco Arruda, Patricia Riddell Millar, Fernanda da Silva Lopes, Caroline Martins da Costa, Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro, Lucas Almeida Zangirolami, Raissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos, Thamires Francisco Bonifácio, Julia Araujo Panza Ribeiro, Maria Regina
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Forouzan Rahmani, Shabnam Hasani, Masoumeh Sadat Mousavi, Leila Kianfard
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Unraveling the link: serological and molecular insights into Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with spontaneous abortion history
Narges Arbabi, Nima Firouzeh, Seyed Ghader Azizi, Ahmad Mehravaran, Soudabeh Etemadi, Reza Shafiei, Hadi Mirahmadi
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Experimental Parasitology.2025; 279: 109065. CrossRef
Comparison of immunological and molecular methods for laboratory diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis in blood, serum and tears in Brazil
Raissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos, Alynne da Silva Barbosa, Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto Aleixo, Igor Falco Arruda, Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira, Khaled Abd EL-Hamid Abd EL-Razik
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(2): e0298393. CrossRef
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Naglaa Fathi Abd El-Latif, Aziza Ibrahim Salem, Nadia Aly Sadek, Sally A. M. Salah, Doaa Gaber Shalaby, Heba Elhadad
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Samuel Chenge, Harrison Ngure, Bernard N Kanoi, Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri, Francis M Kobia
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Shiva Zeinali, Shahram Khademvatan, Rasool Jafari, Shabnam Vazifekhah, Elham Yousefi, Tahereh Behroozi-Lak, Bibi Razieh Hosseini Farash
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0283493. CrossRef
Toksoplazma serolojisi pozitif gebelerde intrauterin toksoplazmoz riskinin değerlendirilmesi
Ümit GÖRKEM, Cagdaş KOCAMAN, Djursun KARASARTOVA, Deniz TAŞKIRAN, Ayşe GÜRESER, Cahit BABÜR, Nezahat KOŞAR, Ayşegül TAYLAN ÖZKAN
Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; 5(3): 54. CrossRef
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Christen Rune Stensvold, Lone Storgaard, Lisa Leth Maroun, Jørgen Anders Lindholm Kurtzhals, Henrik Vedel Nielsen
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2022; 19: e00279. CrossRef
Detection and genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in free-range chickens, pigs and seropositive pregnant women in Benue state, Nigeria
Ifeoma N. Nzelu, Jacob K. P. Kwaga, Junaidu Kabir, Idris A. Lawal, Christy Beazley, Laura Evans, Damer P. Blake, Arnau Casanovas-Massana
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(6): e0009458. CrossRef
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Narges Kalantari, Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee, Zahra Moulana, Mohammad Chehrazi, Salman Ghaffari
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 158: 105070. CrossRef
Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from human spontaneous aborted fetuses in Jahrom, southern Iran
Salar Maani, Hassan Rezanezhad, Kavous Solhjoo, Mohsen Kalantari, Saiedeh Erfanian
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 161: 105217. CrossRef
Detection of Acute and Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Women with History of Abortion in the Southwest of Iran
Jasem Saki, Maryam Zamanpour, Mahin Najafian, Niloofar Mohammadpour, Masoud Foroutan, José F. Silveira
Journal of Parasitology Research.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
The global seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tooran Nayeri, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Afsaneh Amouei, Zahra Hosseininejad, Ahmad Daryani, Maria Angeles Gómez-Morales
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(3): e0008103. CrossRef
Factors associated with spontaneous abortion: a systematic review
Maria Tânia Silva Oliveira, Caline Novais Teixeira Oliveira, Lucas Miranda Marques, Cláudio Lima Souza, Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil.2020; 20(2): 361. CrossRef
Molecular genotyping and serological evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii in mothers and their spontaneous aborted fetuses in Southwest of Iran
Nasir Arefkhah, Bahman Pourabbas, Qasem Asgari, Abdolali Moshfe, Fataneh Mikaeili, Gordafarin Nikbakht, Bahador Sarkari
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2019; 66: 101342. CrossRef
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Khosro Sardarian, Amir Hossein Maghsood, Marzieh Farimani, Mehrdad Hajiloii, Massoud Saidijam, Mahsa Rezaeepoor, Hanie Mahaki, Alireza Zamani
Advanced Biomedical Research.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis with ELISA and Rapid Diagnostic Test among Residents in Gyodong-do, Inchon city, Korea: A Four-Year Follow-up: Yeong Hoon Kim, Ji hoo Lee, Seong kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):247-254.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.247

Abstract
PDF

ELISA has been used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, but it is being gradually replaced by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We compared and analyzed ELISA and RDT results using the sera collected during 4 consecutive years from residents of Gyodong-do (Island), Incheon-city, Korea. Sera from 921, 993, 940, and 838 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis (2010-2013). ELISA was performed by using a crude extract of T. gondii RH strain antigen and IgG/IgM RDT mounted with recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A, were applied to the sera. Comparison between groups was analyzed by the Student’s t-test. The positive seroprevalence surged from 14.7% (135/921, 2010), 23.1% (231/993, 2011), 23.6% (222/940, 2012), and 32.1% (269/838, 2013) by ELISA. In contrast, RDT showed a more moderate increasing trend from 21.7% (200/921, 2010), 25.5% (253/993, 2011), 28.9% (272/940, 2012) and 33.1% (277/838, 2013). Discrepancies between ELISA and RDT were noted near the cut-off value. At the OD 0.15-0.24 range, RDT could detect 16.1% (169/1051) more positives, which suggests an early or acute toxoplasmosis, but at the OD 0.25-0.34 range, ELISA could detect 35.9% (92/256) more positives of possible chronic infections. Over the OD > 0.35 ELISA and RDT agreed in the majority of the cases. This surge in seroprevalence may be caused by the organic agriculture in addition to eating behavior or increase in pets among Koreans. These facts may be applied on a full-scale national survey using RDT to supplement ELISA to define the characteristics of the infection.

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Is the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis declining?
Gregory Colin Milne, Joanne P. Webster, Martin Walker
Trends in Parasitology.2023; 39(1): 26. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
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Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
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Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef
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Hassan Morovati, Seyyed javad Seyyedtabaei, Mehrdad Gholamzad
Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2020; 14(1): 101. CrossRef
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Sun Huh
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Won Gi Yoo, Sun-Min Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Ji-Yun Lee, Fuhong Dai, Ho Choon Woo, Ho-Woo Nam, Tae Im Kim, Jeong-Hee Han, Dongmi Kwak, Yun Sang Cho, Seung-Won Kang, Tong-Soo Kim, Xing-Quan Zhu, Chunren Wang, Heejeong Youn, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 437. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Cat Sitters in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Sang-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):203-206.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.203

Abstract
PDF

The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been increasing in Korea, and it is controversial whether cats are an important infection source or not. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a high risk group (cat sitters) and to determine the possible importance of cats as an infection source in Korea. Risk factors, including the age, sex, and diet of cat sitters, their contact experience and contact frequency with stray cats, and origin, number, and outdoor activity of their pet cats, were analyzed using structured questionnaires. A total of 673 serum samples from people who have frequent contact with cats (high risk group) and 1,114 samples from general people (low risk group) were examined for specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. The results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 7.4% (n=1,787). The seroprevalence among low risk group was 8.0% (89/1,114), whereas that among high risk group was rather lower 6.4% (43/673), though this difference was statistically not significant (P=0.211). Among the risk factors, only the outdoor activity of pet cats was important; people having cats with outdoor activities revealed 2 times higher seroprevalence than people having cats with only indoor activities (P=0.027). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was not significantly different between the high risk group and low risk group, and the importance of cats as a source of infection in Korea is questionable.

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Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
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Seung Hak Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Han Gil Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Byung-Mo Oh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 461. CrossRef
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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Fascioliasis in Yaks, Bos grunniens, from Three Counties of Gansu Province, China: Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Sheng-Yong Feng, Jian-Gang Ma, Wen-Bin Zheng, Ming-Yang Yin, Si-Yuan Qin, Dong-Hui Zhou, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):89-93.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.89

Abstract
PDF

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.

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International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2019; 8: 82. CrossRef
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Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 103. CrossRef

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis in Inhabitants of Indigenous Communities in Borneo Island, Malaysia: Romano Ngui, Noor Amira Abdul Halim, Yamuna Rajoo, Yvonne AL Lim, Stephen Ambu, Komalaveni Rajoo, Tey Siew Chang, Lu Chan Woon, Rohela Mahmud; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):673-378.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.673

Abstract
PDF

Epidemiological study on strongyloidiasis in humans is currently lacking in Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among the inhabitants of longhouse indigenous communities in Sarawak. A single stool and blood sample were collected from each participant and subjected to microscopy, serological and molecular techniques. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified by stool microscopy. None of the stool samples were positive for S. stercoralis. However, 11% of 236 serum samples were seropositive for strongyloidiasis. Further confirmation using molecular technique on stool samples of the seropositive individuals successfully amplified 5 samples, suggesting current active infections. The prevalence was significantly higher in adult males and tended to increase with age. S. stercoralis should no longer be neglected in any intestinal parasitic survey. Combination of more than 1 diagnostic technique is necessary to increase the likelihood of estimating the ‘true’ prevalence of S. stercoralis.

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Strongyloides seroprevalence in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: Epidemiological profiles and comparison of two assays
Emelia Osman, Rahmah Noordin, Rozita Mohd, Lydia Kamaruzaman, Siti Nor Azreen Abdul Manap, S. Izuddin Mohd. Zali, Nur Afrina Azhar, Nor Suhada Anuar
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2025; 31: e00458. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of strongyloidiasis in indigenous communities and healthcare professionals from Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Fernando Rodrigo Doline, João Henrique Farinhas dos Santos, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Bruna Barroso Gomes, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Leandro Meneguelli Biondo, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Ro
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Ineffectiveness of TF-Test® and Coproplus® Methods in Strongyloides stercoralis Infection Diagnosis
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Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(2): 732. CrossRef
Assessing seroprevalence and associated risk factors for multiple infectious diseases in Sabah, Malaysia using serological multiplex bead assays
YuYen L. Chan, Catriona L. Patterson, Jeffrey W. Priest, Gillian Stresman, Timothy William, Tock H. Chua, Kevin Tetteh, Patrick Lammie, Chris Drakeley, Kimberly M. Fornace
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Seropositivity and geographical distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Australia: A study of pathology laboratory data from 2012–2016
Jennifer Shield, Sabine Braat, Matthew Watts, Gemma Robertson, Miles Beaman, James McLeod, Robert W. Baird, Julie Hart, Jennifer Robson, Rogan Lee, Stuart McKessar, Suellen Nicholson, Johanna Mayer-Coverdale, Beverley-Ann Biggs, Subash Babu
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(3): e0009160. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of strongyloidiasis among schoolchildren in Sabach Sanjal and Upper Badibou districts in the North Bank East Region of The Gambia
Abdoulie M. Sanyang, Ebrima Joof, Alhagie Papa Sey, Sana Sambou, Zeehaida Mohamed, Bakary Sanneh
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2021; 15: e00228. CrossRef
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Narges Kalantari, Mohammad Chehrazi, Salman Ghaffari, Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(6): 459. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Nabil A. Nasr, Yvonne A. L. Lim, Fatin Nur Elyana, Hany Sady, Wahib M. Atroosh, Salwa Dawaki, Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Rahmah Noordin, Rohela Mahmud
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Original Articles

Assessing the Archaeoparasitological Potential of Quids As a Source Material for Immunodiagnostic Analyses: Johnica J. Morrow, Karl J. Reinhard; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):605-616.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.605

Abstract
PDF

In the present study, quids from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to ELISA tests for 2 protozoan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii (n=45) and Trypanosoma cruzi (n=43). The people who occupied CMC, the Loma San Gabriel, lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The known pathoecology of these people puts them into at-risk categories for the transmission of T. gondii and T. cruzi. Human antibodies created in response to these 2 parasites can be detected in modern saliva using ELISA kits intended for use with human serum. For these reasons, quids were reconstituted and subjected to ELISA testing. All test wells yielded negative results. These results could be a factor of improper methods because there is no precedence for this work in the existing literature. The results could equally be a simple matter of parasite absence among those people who occupied CMC. A final consideration is the taphonomy of human antibodies and whether or not ELISA is a sufficient method for recovering antibodies from archaeological contexts. An additional ELISA test targeting secretory IgA (sIgA) was conducted to further examine the failure to detect parasite-induced antibodies from quids. Herein, the methods used for quid preparation and ELISA procedures are described so that they can be further developed by future researchers. The results are discussed in light of the potential future of quid analysis.

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Pinworm research in the Southwest USA: five decades of methodological and theoretical development and the epidemiological approach
Morgana Camacho, Karl J. Reinhard
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach
Morgana Camacho, Adauto Araújo, Johnica Morrow, Jane Buikstra, Karl Reinhard
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

9,479 View
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2 Web of Science
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Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats in North-Eastern Region of Pakistan: Haroon Ahmed, Ayesha Malik, Muhammad Arshad, Irfan Mustafa, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Shahzad Ali, Muhammad Mobeen, Sami Simsek; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):439-446.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.439

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii in livestock and humans. Due to its medical and veterinary importance, it is essential to study the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among humans and animals in various parts of the world. The major
objective
of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants (sheep and goats) of north-eastern region, Pakistan. A total of 1,000 animals comprising of sheep (n=470) and goats (n=530) were examined for T. gondii infection by using ELISA. An epidemiological data was collected in the form of questionnaire. A surface has been generated by using method of interpolation in Arc GIS with the help of IDW (inverse distance weight). The results showed higher seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats (42.8%) as compared to sheep (26.2%). The seroprevalence was higher in females as compared to males in all examined ruminants. Similarly, there is a wide variation in the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different breeds of sheep and goats showing higher seroprevalence in Teddy (52.8%) and Damani breed (34.5%) of goat and sheep’s, respectively. The geographical and spatial distribution of T. gondii shows that it is widely distributed in different parts of the north-eastern region of Pakistan. Our results suggest widespread environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. It suggests us that small ruminants could be a potentially important source of T. gondii infection if their infected meat is consumed undercooked.

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Brief Communications

High Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity among Brain Tumor Patients in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):201-204.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.201

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can modulate the environment of the infected host. An unfavorable environment modulated by T. gondii in the brain includes tumor microenvironment. Literature has suggested that T. gondii infection is associated with development of brain tumors. However, in Korea, epidemiological data regarding this correlation have been scarce. In this study, in order to investigate the relationship between T. gondii infection and brain tumor development, we investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii among 93 confirmed brain tumor patients (various histological types, including meningioma and astrocytoma) in Korea using ELISA. The results revealed that T. gondii seropositivity among brain tumor patients (18.3%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared with that of healthy controls (8.6%). The seropositivity of brain tumor patients showed a significant age-tendency, i.e., higher in younger age group, compared with age-matched healthy controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study supports the close relationship between T. gondii infection and incidence of brain tumors.

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Darine Daher, Ahmad Shaghlil, Eyad Sobh, Maguy Hamie, Malika Elhage Hassan, Mohamad Bahij Moumneh, Shaymaa Itani, Rana El Hajj, Lina Tawk, Marwan El Sabban, Hiba El Hajj
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ERIC FAURE
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Serological Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi among Horses in Korea: Seung-Hun Lee, Sun-Hee Yun, Eunsang Choi, Yong-Soo Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Gil-Jae Cho, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):97-101.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.97

Abstract
PDF

Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. The present study assessed the infection status of B. burgdorferi among horses reared in Korea using ELISA and PCR. Between 2009 and 2013, blood samples were collected from 727 horses throughout Korea. Data for each animal including age, gender, breed, and region of sample collection were used for epidemiological analysis. Overall, 38 (5.2%; true prevalence: 5.5%) of 727 horses were seropositive by ELISA. There were statistically significant differences according to breed and region (P<0.001) whose differences might be attributed to the ecology of vector ticks and climate conditions. Using 2 nested PCR, none of the samples tested positive for B. burgdorferi. Thus, a positive ELISA result can indicate only that the tested horse was previously exposed to B. burgdorferi, with no certainty over the time of exposure. Since global warming is likely to increase the abundance of ticks in Korea, continuous monitoring of tick-borne diseases in Korean horses is needed.

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First Detection of Seroreactivity to Lyme Borreliosis in Agricultural Workers from a Non-Endemic Region of South Korea
Jeong Rae Yoo, Miyeon Kim, Wooseong Jeong, Sung Wook Song
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Kyoung-Seong Choi, Sunwoo Hwang, Myung Cheol Kim, Hyung-Chul Cho, Yu-Jin Park, Min-Jeong Ji, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Colleen B. Jonsson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(7): e0012306. CrossRef
Surveillance of Vector‐Borne Zoonotic Diseases in South Korea: Uncovering Novel Pathogen Carriers Among Rodents and Mites Nationwide
Beoul Kim, You-Jeong Lee, Hee Il Lee, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo, Nan-hua Chen
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses
Heidrun Gehlen, Katharina Inerle, Alexander Bartel, Sabita Diana Stöckle, Sebastian Ulrich, Beatrice Briese, Reinhard K. Straubinger
Animals.2023; 13(12): 1984. CrossRef
Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Clinically Healthy and Sick Horses: First Report from the Czech Republic
Nikola Kašpárková, Eva Bártová, Alena Žákovská, Marie Budíková, Kamil Sedlák
Microorganisms.2023; 11(7): 1706. CrossRef
Surveillance and Molecular Identification ofBorreliaSpecies in Ticks Collected at U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys, Republic of Korea, 2018–2019
Seung-Ho Lee, Sung-Tae Chong, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A Klein, Kyungmin Park, Jingyeong Lee, Jeong-Ah Kim, Won-Keun Kim, Jin-Won Song, Sarah Hamer
Journal of Medical Entomology.2022; 59(1): 363. CrossRef
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Dilaram Acharya, Ji-Hyuk Park
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Murugan Subbiah, Nagaraja Thirumalapura, David Thompson, Suresh V. Kuchipudi, Bhushan Jayarao, Deepanker Tewari
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Horses in the Republic of Korea
Hyun-Ji Seo, A-Tai Truong, Keun-Ho Kim, Ji-Yeon Lim, Subin Min, Heung-Chul Kim, Mi-Sun Yoo, Soon-Seek Yoon, Terry A. Klein, Yun Sang Cho
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Abdelouahab Laamari, Naouelle Azzag, Safia Tennah, Salima-Yamina Derdour, Bernard China, Ryhan Bouabdallah, Farida Ghalmi
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Jeong-Byoung Chae, Young-Sun Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Joon-Seok Chae
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 319. CrossRef
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Borrelia garinii (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) in Ixodes nipponensis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Parasitizing a Dog in Korea
Seung-Hun Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Paul John L. Geraldino, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
Pathogens.2019; 8(4): 289. CrossRef
Şanlıurfa’da Safkan Arap Atlarında Borrelia burgdorferi Seropozitifliğinin Belirlenmesi
Ömer Demir, Oktay Keskin
Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi.2019; 8(2): 221. CrossRef
Molecular Detection of Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Borrelia theileri in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Korea
Hang Lee, Joon-Seok Chae, Bae-Keun Park, Jinho Park, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Young-Sun Jo, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Jeong-Byoung Chae
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2018; 98(4): 1061. CrossRef
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Identification of a defined linear epitope in the OspA protein of the Lyme disease spirochetes that elicits bactericidal antibody responses: Implications for vaccine development
Jerilyn R. Izac, Lee D. Oliver, Christopher G. Earnhart, Richard T. Marconi
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Journal of Medical Entomology.2017; 54(5): 1397. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Prevalence of Serum IgG Antibodies to Cystic Echinococcus Antigen among Patients in an Uzbekistan Emergency Hospital: Se Jin Park, Sung Sik Han, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):699-703.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.699

Abstract
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonotic helminthiases, which can last an asymptomatic infection for several years. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate serum antibody prevalence of CE among asymptomatic people in Uzbekistan using ELISA. A total of 2,547 serum samples were collected, 66 from confirmed CE patients and 2,481 of patients with other diseases than CE at a hospital in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The serum samples were screened for CE specific IgG antibodies by ELISA using cystic fluid antigen obtained from sheep. The serum antibody positive rate was 89.4% (59/66) in CE and 3.6% (89/2,481) in other disease patients. The present ELISA recognized 89.4% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. The ELISA absorbance of positive samples was distributed 0.271-0.971 for CE and 0.273-0.887 for other disease patients. The other disease patients with high absorbance over 0.3 were 50 (2.0%) who were presumed to be active CE patients. The patients in their 40s showed the highest positive rate of 5.2% (P=0.181), and women were 4.4% while men were 3.1% positive (P=0.136). The data confirmed that there are many asymptomatic patients of CE in Tashkent. It is indicated that CE is an endemic disease of public health importance in Uzbekistan.

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Comparison of Methods in the Serologic Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis
Sidre Erganis, Fakhriddin Sarzhanov, Funda Doğruman Al, Kayhan Cağlar
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(2): 1122. CrossRef
The echinococcoses in Asia: The present situation
Akira Ito, Christine M. Budke
Acta Tropica.2017; 176: 11. CrossRef
Kistik Ekinokokoz’un serolojik tanısında Indirekt Hemaglütinasyon, İndirekt Floresan Antikor ve Enzim İmmuno Assay testlerinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Sadık AKGÜN, Hakan Sezgin SAYİNER, Tekin KARSLIGİL
Journal of Contemporary Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Seropositivity of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women by ELISA at Minia University Hospital, Egypt: Amany M. Kamal, Azza K. Ahmed, Manal Z. M. Abdellatif, Mohamed Tawfik, Ebtesam E. Hassan; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):605-610.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.605

Abstract
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Toxoplasmosis is considered as an important risk factor for bad obstetric history (BOH) and one of the major causes of congenitally acquired infections. The present study aimed to estimate the seropositivity of T. gondii infection and associated risk factors among the attendees of high risk pregnancy and low risk antenatal care clinic of Minia Maternity and Pediatric University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. The study was carried out from April 2013 to April 2014 through 2 phases, the first phase was case-control study, and the second phase was follow-up with intervention. A total of 120 high risk pregnant and 120 normal pregnant females were submitted to clinical examinations, serological screening for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA, and an interview questionnaire. Seropositive cases were subjected to spiramycin course treatment. The results showed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in high-risk pregnancy group was 50.8%, which was significantly different from that of normal pregnancy group (P < 0.05). Analysis of seropositive women in relation to BOH showed that abortion was the commonest form of the pregnancy wastage (56.5%). The high prevalence of T. gondii seropositive cases was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. Post-delivery adverse outcome was observed in 80.3% of high-risk pregnancy group compared to 20% of normal pregnancy group. There was a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity and living in rural area, low socioeconomic level, and undercooked meat consumption (P<0.05). Serological screening for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies should be routine tests especially among high-risk pregnant women.

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Among Primary School Children in Shandong Province, China: Ke-Sheng Xin, Hui Liu, Hong-Bing Wang, Zong-Liang Yao; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):489-492.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.489

Abstract
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Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children has been investigated in many countries, limited surveys have been available in primary school children in China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Sera from 6,000 primary school children were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies with ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 16.0% (961/6,000), of which 14.5% (870/6,000) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, 3.4% (206/6,000) positive for IgM, and 1.9% (115/6,000) were positive for both IgG and IgM. The results of the present investigation indicated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control T. gondii infection in primary school children in this province. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in primary school children in Shandong province, China.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, PR China
Yu-bin Guan, Xiao-xiao Sun, Shao-lian Chen, Xiao-ting Zhu, Zhi-hua Zeng, Han-wei Lu, Hong-mei Feng, Yu Guo, Wen-gong Jiang, Kui Xiong, Xiao-rong Yang, Ho-Woo Nam, Zhao-shou Yang, Pan Li
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0286430. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis at referral hospitals in the northwestern region, Saudi Arabia
Talal Alharazi, Jerold C. Alcantara, Lea L. Dando, Petelyne Pangket
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Molecular Investigation of Toxoplasmosis Among Working Children in Tehran
Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Khadijeh Khanaliha, Shirin Sayyahfar, Mohsen Sadeghi, Ahmad Tavakoli, Borna Salemi
Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children in Henan province, central China
Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Haoran Li, Pengju Li, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang, Xiangrui Li
Parasite.2020; 27: 23. CrossRef
A Large-Scale Serological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Persons Participated in Health Screening in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China
Zhao Li, Chun-Yi Sun, Ren-Dan Yang, Chang-Jun Xu, Mei-Chen Chen, Yun-Jiang Zhang, Wei Cong, Xing-Quan Zhu, Yang Liu, Feng-Cai Zou
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2019; 19(6): 441. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among School Children in Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Upper Myanmar
Thị Lam Thái, Hojong Jun, Seo-Hye Park, Hương Giang Lê, Jinyoung Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jung-Mi Kang, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Woo Nam, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim
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Toxoplasma gondii: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among preschool-aged children in Osun State, Nigeria
Oluyomi A Sowemimo, Tsung-Han Wu, Yueh-Lun Lee, Samuel O Asaolu, Ting-Wu Chuang, Olaoluwa P Akinwale, Bolaji O Badejoko, Vincent P Gyang, Timothy Nwafor, Emmanuel Henry, Chia-Kwung Fan
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Shahram Khademvatan, Forough Riahi, Maryam Izadi-Mazidi, Nilufar Khajeddin, Elham Yousefi
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2018; 37(11): 1097. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in the Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China
X.-X. ZHANG, Q. ZHAO, C.-W. SHI, W.-T. YANG, Y.-L. JIANG, Z.-T. WEI, C.-F. WANG, G.-L. YANG
Epidemiology and Infection.2016; 144(9): 2018. CrossRef

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Infection Status of Endoparasites in Foreigner Workers Living in Cheonan City, Chungnam Province, Korea: Suk-Yul Jung, Mi-Jung Ahn, Joo-Yeon Oh, Hae-Seon Nam, Sung-Tae Hong, Yeon-Han Yun, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):243-246.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.243

Abstract
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At present, more than 500,000 foreigner workers, most of them from Asian countries with high parasitic infection rates, are working in Korea. Since investigation into the prevalence of parasitic infections in foreigner workers has not yet been conducted in Korea, the present study was performed to determine the parasitic infection status of foreigner workers living in Cheonan City, Chungcheongnam-do (Chungnam Province) and to plan, on that basis, effective control measures. From October to December 2013, the parasitic infection status of 231 foreigner workers employed at selected Cheonan-si small businesses was investigated by both stool examination and ELISA. A total of 60 individuals (26.0%) were found to be infected with parasites. The stool examination detected 14 positive cases (6.1%), and ELISA revealed 50 positive people (21.6%), for at least a kind of parasitic disease. The most common infection was cysticercosis (8.7%), followed by toxocariasis (7.8%) and clonorchiasis (7.4%). Since it was proved that parasitic infections were prevalent among foreigner workers living in Cheonan City, more comprehensive study is urgently needed in order to understand the nationwide status of parasitic infections in foreigner workers.

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Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef

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Case Report

An Outbreak of Trichinellosis by Consumption of Raw Soft-Shelled Turtle Meat in Korea: Joon Taek Jeong, Min Seo, Sung-Tae Hong, Young Keun Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):219-222.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.219

Abstract
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Trichinellosis transmission to humans via the consumption of reptile meat is rare worldwide. In Korea, however, 2 such outbreaks, possibly via consumption of soft-shelled turtle meat, have occurred in 2 successive years. In 17 August 2014, 6 patients were admitted to Wonju Severance Christian Hospital complaining of myalgia, fever, and headache. Eosinophilia was the indication of the initial laboratory results, and they were eventually diagnosed as trichinellosis by ELISA. All of the patients worked at the same company and had eaten raw soft-shelled turtle meat at a company dinner 10 days prior to their admission. They were treated with albendazole for 2 weeks, upon which all of their symptoms disappeared. This is the 8th report on human trichinellosis in Korea, and the second implicating raw soft-shelled turtle meat.

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Blood recovery of wild Mekong snail-eating turtles (Malayemys subtrijuga Schlegel and Müller, 1845) in captivity from leech infestation
Poramad Trivalairat, Krittiya Trivalairat, Awirut Tassamakorn, Watchariya Purivirojkul
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2023; 22: 126. CrossRef
Human Outbreak of Trichinellosis Caused by Trichinella papuae Nematodes, Central Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia
Yannick Caron, Sotharith Bory, Michel Pluot, Mary Nheb, Sarin Chan, Sang Houn Prum, Sun Bun Hong Lim, Mala Sim, Yi Sengdoeurn, Ly Sovann, Virak Khieu, Isabelle Vallée, Hélène Yera
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Original Articles

Nested-PCR and a New ELISA-Based NovaLisa Test Kit for Malaria Diagnosis in an Endemic Area of Thailand: Pimwan Thongdee, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Jiraporn Kuesap, Kesara Na-Bangchang; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):377-381.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.377

Abstract
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Microscopy is considered as the gold standard for malaria diagnosis although its wide application is limited by the requirement of highly experienced microscopists. PCR and serological tests provide efficient diagnostic performance and have been applied for malaria diagnosis and research. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of nested PCR and a recently developed an ELISA-based new rapid diagnosis test (RDT), NovaLisa test kit, for diagnosis of malaria infection, using microscopic method as the gold standard. The performance of nested-PCR as a malaria diagnostic tool is excellent with respect to its high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ability to discriminate Plasmodium species. The sensitivity and specificity of nested-PCR compared with the microscopic method for detection of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infection were 71.4 vs 100%, 100 vs 98.7%, and 100 vs 95.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA-based NovaLisa test kit compared with the microscopic method for detection of Plasmodium genus were 89.0 vs 91.6%, respectively. NovaLisa test kit provided comparable diagnostic performance. Its relatively low cost, simplicity, and rapidity enables large scale field application.

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Winnie Kibone, Felix Bongomin, Sarah Lebu, Stephen Ochaya, Ritah Nantale, Jerom Okot, Byron Awekonimungu, Rachel Beardsley, Chimdi Muoghalu, Musa Manga
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Accuracy of diagnosis among clinical malaria patients: comparing microscopy, RDT and a highly sensitive quantitative PCR looking at the implications for submicroscopic infections
Stephen Opoku Afriyie, Thomas Kwame Addison, Yilekal Gebre, Abdul-Hakim Mutala, Kwasi Baako Antwi, Dawood Ackom Abbas, Kofi Agyapong Addo, Austine Tweneboah, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Cristian Koepfli, Kingsley Badu
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Lotus L. van den Hoogen, Paolo Bareng, Joana Alves, Ralph Reyes, Malou Macalinao, Júlio M. Rodrigues, José M. Fernandes, Lara F. Goméz, Tom Hall, Susheel K. Singh, Kimberly Fornace, Jennifer Luchavez, Alan Kitchen, Peter Chiodini, Fe Espino, Kevin K. A. T
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Ridhi Agarwal, Leslie Choi, Samuel Johnson, Yemisi Takwoingi
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Aver Hemben, Jon Ashley, Ibtisam E. Tothill
Talanta.2018; 187: 321. CrossRef
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Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti, Longdoh Anna Njunda, Beltine Tsamul, Shey Dickson Nsagha, Nguedia Jules-Clement Assob, Kukwah Anthony Tufon, Dilonga Henry Meriki, Enow George Orock
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Woyneshet G. Yalew, Sampa Pal, Pooja Bansil, Rebecca Dabbs, Kevin Tetteh, Caterina Guinovart, Michael Kalnoky, Belendia A. Serda, Berhane H. Tesfay, Belay B. Beyene, Catherine Seneviratne, Megan Littrell, Lindsay Yokobe, Gregory S. Noland, Gonzalo J. Domi
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Diagnostic Efficacy of a Recombinant Cysteine Protease of Spirometra erinacei Larvae for Serodiagnosis of Sparganosis: S.M. Mazidur Rahman, Jae-Hwan Kim, Sung-Tae Hong, Min-Ho Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):41-46.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.41

Abstract
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The mature domain of a cysteine protease of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid larva (i.e., sparganum) was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its value as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis was investigated. The recombinant protein (rSepCp-1) has the molecular weight of 23.4 kDa, and strongly reacted with the sparganum positive human or mice sera but not with negative sera by immunoblotting. ELISA with rSepCp-1 protein or sparganum crude antigen (SeC) was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis using patient's sera. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA using rSepCp-1 protein were 95.0% (19/20) and 99.1% (111/112), respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with SeC were 100% (20/20) and 96.4% (108/112), respectively. Moreover, in experimentally infected mice, the sensitivity and specificity of both ELISA assays were 100% for the detection of anti-sparganum IgG. It is suggested that the rSepCp-1 protein-based ELISA could provide a highly sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of sparganosis.

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Jitaporn Harasan, Lakkhana Sadaow, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
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SUCHITA P UKE, RAJAT GARG, SHAFIYA IMTIAZ RAFIQI, HIRA RAM, K L KHURANA, P S BANERJEE
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences.2018; 88(2): 153. CrossRef
Molecular Identification of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Tapeworm in Cases of Human Sparganosis, Hong Kong
Tommy H.C. Tang, Samson S.Y. Wong, Christopher K.C. Lai, Rosana W.S. Poon, Helen S.Y. Chan, Tak Chiu Wu, Yuk-Fai Cheung, Tak-Lap Poon, Yi-Po Tsang, Wai-Lun Tang, Alan K.L. Wu
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Serodiagnosis of sparganosis by ELISA using recombinant cysteine protease of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana
Li Na Liu, Xi Zhang, Peng Jiang, Ruo Dan Liu, Jian Zhou, Rui Zhe He, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang
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Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis
Quan Liu, Ming-Wei Li, Ze-Dong Wang, Guang-Hui Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
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Ning Li, Yi Xiang, Yun Feng, Min Li, Bei Li Gao, Qing Yun Li
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Li Na Liu, Zhong Quan Wang, Xi Zhang, Peng Jiang, Xin Qi, Ruo Dan Liu, Zi Fang Zhang, Jing Cui, Xiao-Nong Zhou
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Jing Cui, Tong Wei, Li Na Liu, Xi Zhang, Xin Qi, Zi Fang Zhang, Zhong Quan Wang
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Hiroshi Yamasaki, Takeshi Nakamura, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hiromu Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Kaoru Kobayashi, Katsuyoshi Takayama, Yukuharu Kobayashi, P. P. Wilkins
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2014; 21(9): 1360. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Evaluation of IgG4 Subclass Antibody Detection by Peptide-Based ELISA for the Diagnosis of Human Paragonimiasis Heterotrema: Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Nimit Morakote, Yoon Kong, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):763-766.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.763

Abstract
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A synthetic peptide was prepared based on the antigenic region of Paragonimus westermani pre-procathepsin L, and its applicability for immunodiagnosis for human paragonimiasis (due to Paragonimus heterotremus) was tested using an ELISA to detect IgG4 antibodies in the sera of patients. Sera from other helminthiases, tuberculosis, and healthy volunteers were used as the references. This peptide-based assay system gave sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 94.6%, 96.2%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Cross reactivity was frequently seen against the sera of fascioliasis (75%) and hookworm infections (50%). Since differential diagnosis between paragonimiasis and fascioliasis can be easily done by clinical presentation and fascioliasis serology, this cross reaction is not a serious problem. Sera from patients with other parasitoses (0-25%) rarely responded to this synthetic antigen. This synthetic peptide antigen seems to be useful for development of a standardized diagnostic system for paragonimiasis.

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Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, Penchom Janwan, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2024; 37: e00246. CrossRef
Development of point-of-care testing tool using immunochromatography for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis
Lakkhana Sadaow, Oranuch Sanpool, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105325. CrossRef
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Xu Guang Qiu, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Yukifumi Nawa, Makoto Itoh
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Expression characteristics and specific antibody reactivity of diverse cathepsin F members of Paragonimus westermani
Chun-Seob Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Dong-ll Chung, Jeong-Geun Kim, Jin-Taek Kim, Yoon Kong
Parasitology International.2015; 64(1): 37. CrossRef
North American paragonimiasis: epidemiology and diagnostic strategies
Peter U Fischer, Gary J Weil
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Original Articles

A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Toxoplasmosis using Recombinant Antigenic N-terminal Half of SAG1 Linked with Intrinsically Unstructured Domain of GRA2 Protein: Kyoung Ju Song, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Jin-Soo Kim, Kyung Chan Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):503-510.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.503

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with a broad host range of most warm-blooded mammals including humans, of which one-thirds of the human population has been infected worldwide which can cause congenital defects, abortion, and neonatal complications. Here, we developed a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for T. gondii infection. Antigenic N-terminal half of the major surface antigen (SAG1) was linked with intrinsically unstructured domain (IUD) of dense granule protein 2 (GRA2). The recombinant GST-GRA2-SAG1A protein was successfully expressed and purified as 51 kDa of molecular weight. Furthermore, antigenicity and solubility of the rGST-GRA2-SAG1A protein were significantly increased. The overall specificity and sensitivity of GST-GRA2-SAG1A loaded RDT (TgRDT) were estimated as 100% and 97.1% by comparing with ELISA result which uses T. gondii whole cell lysates as the antigen. The TgRDT tested with Uganda people sera for field trial and showed 31.9% of seroprevalence against T. gondii antibody. The TgRDT is proved to be a kit for rapid and easy to use with high accuracy, which would be a suitable serodiagnostic tool for toxoplasmosis.

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Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
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Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
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Juntao Luo, Jingyi Wan, Ziru Tang, Shuang Shen
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Serodiagnosis of Toxocariasis by ELISA Using Crude Antigen of Toxocara canis Larvae: Yan Jin, Chenghua Shen, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):433-439.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.433

Abstract
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Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Household Cats in Korea and Risk Factors: Sung-Hee Hong, Young-Il Jeong, Jae-Young Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):357-361.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.357

Abstract
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Several epidemiological surveys have reported the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray cats in Korea, but little information is available on T. gondii infection in household cats. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of T. gondii infection among household cats reared in Seoul, Korea. A total of 474 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy household cats. All samples were tested using ELISA and PCR. The risk factor analysis was based on a questionnaire filled out by the owners. The overall positive rate for ELISA and PCR assays was 2.2% (10/437) and 2.1% (10/474), respectively. With regard to the origin of cats, the positive rates among cats adopted from the animal shelter and veterinary clinic for stray cats were significantly different (P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that the positive rate of T. gondii infection in household cats was low and that this low prevalence was assumed to be associated with keeping the cats indoors and restriction of eating raw food and uncooked meat. Therefore, we suggest that the owners check the origin of the cats prior to adoption to prevent infection of other animals, including humans.

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Gunilla Ölmedal, Linda Toresson, Mary Nehring, Jennifer Hawley, Sue Vande Woude, Michael Lappin
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Seroprevalence of and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Cats from Greece
Kassiopi Christina G. Kokkinaki, Manolis N. Saridomichelakis, Mathios E. Mylonakis, Leonidas Leontides, Panagiotis G. Xenoulis
Animals.2023; 13(7): 1173. CrossRef
Establishment and application of an iELISA detection method for measuring apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii in cats
Yafan Gao, Yu Shen, Jiyuan Fan, Haojie Ding, Bin Zheng, Haijie Yu, Siyang Huang, Qingming Kong, Hangjun Lv, Xunhui Zhuo, Shaohong Lu
BMC Veterinary Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Measured by Western Blot, ELISA and DNA Analysis, by PCR, in Cats of Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Claudia Charles-Niño, César Pedroza-Roldán, Carolina Salazar-Reveles, Karen Lissete Ocampo-Figueroa, Laura Roció Rodríguez-Pérez, Varinia Margarita Paez-Magallán
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Tawin Inpankaew, Panpicha Sattasathuchana, Chanya Kengradomkij, Naris Thengchaisri
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J.P. Dubey, C.K. Cerqueira-Cézar, F.H.A. Murata, O.C.H. Kwok, Y.R. Yang, C. Su
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 283: 109145. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Cat Sitters in Korea
Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Sang-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(2): 203. CrossRef
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Sung-Hee Hong, Hee-Jong Kim, Young-Il Jeong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Jong-Tak Kim, Sang-Eun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(2): 207. CrossRef
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Original Articles

Serodiagnosis of Echinococcosis by ELISA Using Cystic Fluid from Uzbekistan Sheep: Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Samin Hong, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):313-317.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.313

Abstract
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According to increase of travel, the cases of imported echinococcosis have been increasing in Korea. The present study was undertaken to develop a serodiagnostic system for echinococcosis in Korea. For diagnosis of echinococcosis, the fluid of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts was collected from naturally infected sheep in Uzbekistan. Also serum samples of infected patients who were surgically confirmed were collected in a hospital in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. According to the absorbance of 59 echinococcosis positive and 39 negative control serum samples, the cut-off value was determined as 0.27. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with hydatid fluid antigen were 91.5% and 96%, respectively. The antigen cross-reacted with the serum of some cysticercosis or clonorchiasis patients. However, immunoblot analysis on the cystic fluid recognized antigenic proteins of 7-, 16-, and 24-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. In conclusion, the present ELISA system using hydatid cyst fluid antigen from Uzbekistan sheep is sensitive and specific for diagnosis of echinococcosis cases.

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Delayed Diagnosis of Imported Cystic Echinococcosis and Successful Treatment With Percutaneous Drainage and Albendazole in Korea: A Case Report
Won Jun Choi, Hanna Jin, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chan Mi Lee, Chang Kyung Kang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Nam Joong Kim, Min-Ho Choi
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Human and camel cystic echinococcosis – a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for its serodiagnosis with molecular identification
A. Maher, N. I. Toaleb, R. M. Shaapan, D. Aboelsoued, M. B. Salman, S. Zaky
Veterinary Research Communications.2024; 48(4): 2193. CrossRef
Past and present of diagnosis of echinococcosis: A review (1999–2021)
Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Rana Muhammad Athar Ali, Sadiq Khan, Muhammad Saqib, Warda Qamar, Li Li, Bao-Quan Fu, Hong-Bin Yan, Wan-Zhong Jia
Acta Tropica.2023; 243: 106925. CrossRef
A Novel Designed Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Antigen in Camels for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis
Nagwa I. Toaleb, Dina Aboelsoued, Kadria N. Abdel Megeed, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(8): 400. CrossRef
A simple and efficient purification method of native immunoreactive antigen for diagnosis of camel hydatidosis
Nagwa I. Toaleb, Mohamed S. Helmy, Eman E. El Shanawany, Eman H. Abdel-Rahman
Veterinary World.2020; 13(1): 141. CrossRef
Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein Eg mefAg-1 as a Serodiagnostic Candidate for Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep
Liu Tianli, Wang Xifeng, Tian Zhenzhong, Wang Lixia, Zhang Xingxing, Qiao Jun, Meng Qingling, Gong Shasha, Chen Ying, Cai Xuepeng
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 61. CrossRef
An Imported Case of Disseminated Echinococcosis in Korea
Dong Hoon Shin, Hae Chan Jo, Jeong-Han Kim, Kang Il Jun, Wan Beom Park, Nam-Joong Kim, Min-Ho Choi, Chang Kyung Kang, Myoung-don Oh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 429. CrossRef
Serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in cattle
Aitbay K. Bulashev, Zhanbolat A. Suranshiev, Orken S. Akibekov, Zhanara Zh. Akanova, Gulmira A. Abulgazimova
Folia Parasitologica.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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Acta Parasitologica.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
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Gyeong Deok Jo, Jae Young Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Jung Hoon Kim, Joon Koo Han
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Prevalence of Serum IgG Antibodies to Cystic Echinococcus Antigen among Patients in an Uzbekistan Emergency Hospital
Se Jin Park, Sung Sik Han, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 699. CrossRef
Infection Status of Hydatid Cysts in Humans and Sheep in Uzbekistan
Sung-Tae Hong, Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khadjibaev, Samin Hong, Yusufjon Ahmedov, Utkir Otaboev
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(3): 383. CrossRef

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Monoclonal Antibody-Based Dipstick Assay: A Reliable Field Applicable Technique for Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni Infection Using Human Serum and Urine Samples: Zeinab Demerdash, Salwa Mohamed, Mohamed Hendawy, Ibrahim Rabia, Mohy Attia, Zeinab Shaker, Tarek M Diab; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):93-98.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.93

Abstract
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A field applicable diagnostic technique, the dipstick assay, was evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing human Schistosoma mansoni infection. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against S. mansoni adult worm tegumental antigen (AWTA) was employed in dipstick and sandwich ELISA for detection of circulating schistosome antigen (CSA) in both serum and urine samples. Based on clinical and parasitological examinations, 60 S. mansoni-infected patients, 30 patients infected with parasites other than schistosomiasis, and 30 uninfected healthy individuals were selected. The sensitivity and specificity of dipstick assay in urine samples were 86.7% and 90.0%, respectively, compared to 90.0% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity of sandwich ELISA. In serum samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.3% and 91.7% for dipstick assay vs. 91.7% and 95.0% for sandwich ELISA, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of dipstick assay in urine and serum samples was 88.3% and 90.0%, while it was 90.8% and 93.3% for sandwich ELISA, respectively. The diagnostic indices of dipstick assay and ELISA either in serum or in urine were statistically comparable (P>0.05). In conclusion, the dipstick assay offers an alternative simple, rapid, non-invasive technique in detecting CSA or complement to stool examinations especially in field studies.

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Maria Cristina Carvalho Espírito-Santo, Mónica Viviana Alvarado-Mora, Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto, Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Vera Lúcia Pagliusi Castilho, Elenice Messias do Nascimento Gonçalves, Pedro Paulo Chieffi, Expedito José de Alb
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Case Report

An Outbreak of Trichinosis with Molecular Identification of Trichinella sp. in Vietnam: Nguyen Van De, Nguyen Vu Trung, Nguyen Hong Ha, Vu Thi Nga, Nguyen Minh Ha, Pham Thanh Thuy, Le Van Duyet, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):339-343.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.339

Abstract
PDF

The 5th outbreak of trichinosis occurred in a mountainous area of North Vietnam in 2012, involving 24 patients among 27 people who consumed raw pork together. Six of these patients visited several hospitals in Hanoi for treatment. Similar clinical symptoms appeared in these patients within 5-8 days after eating infected raw pork, which consisted of fever, muscle pain, difficult moving, edema, difficult swallowing, and difficult breathing. ELISA revealed all (6/6) positive reactions against Trichinella spiralis antigen and all cases showed positive biopsy results for Trichinella sp. larvae in the muscle. The larvae detected in the patients were identified as T. spiralis (Vietnamese strain) by the molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene.

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Original Article

Serologic Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Seoul and Jeju-do, and a Brief Review of Its Seroprevalence in Korea: Hyemi Lim, Sang-Eun Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Ki Kim, Mi Youn Lee, Ho-Woo Nam, Jong-Gyun Shin, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Ik Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):287-293.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.287

Abstract
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Knowledge of the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infection is required in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we surveyed the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and analyzed the risk factors associated with seropositivity among residents in 2 administrative districts; Seoul and the island of Jeju-do, which have contrasting epidemiologic characteristics. Sera and blood collected from 2,150 residents (1,114 in Seoul and 1,036 in Jeju-do) were checked for IgG antibody titers using ELISA and for the T. gondii B1 gene using PCR. In addition, participants completed a questionnaire that solicited information on gender, age, occupation, eating habits, history of contact with animals, and travel abroad. The T. gondii B1 gene was not detected in all residents examined. However, ELISA showed 8.0% (89 of 1,114 sera) positive for IgG antibodies against T. gondii in Seoul and 11.3% (117 of 1,036 sera) in Jeju-do. In both districts, the positive rates were higher in males than in females, and those 40-79 years of age showed higher rates than other ages. In Seoul, residents older than 70 years of age showed the highest positive rate, 14.9%, whereas in Jeju-do the highest prevalence, 15.6%, was in those in their sixties. The higher seropositive rate in Jeju-do than in Seoul may be related to eating habits and occupations. The present results and a review of related literature are indicative of an increased seroprevalence of T. gondii in Korea in recent years.

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Brief Communications

Production and Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant GRA7 for Serodiagnosis of Human Infections: Mina Selseleh, Hossein Keshavarz, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Fatemeh Mansouri, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):233-238.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.233

Abstract
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The precise diagnosis of the acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and immunocompromsied patients has critical importance. Most of the commercially available assays use the whole Toxoplasma soluble extract as the antigen. However, the assays currently available for the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may vary in their abilities to detect serum immunoglobulins, due to the lack of a purified standardized antigen. The aim of this study was production and evaluation of the usefulness of the recombinant Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 antigen for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG by ELISA. A total of 70 T. gondii IgM positive sera, 74 T. gondii IgG positive sera, and 60 sera from subjects who were not infected with T. gondii were examined. These sera were shown different absorbance values in ELISA test. To control the specificity of the rGRA7 other parasitic diseases, for example, echinococcosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, fascioliasis, and strongyloidiasis were tested of which none showed positive results. Sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgG ELISA in comparison with commercial ELISA (com ELISA) were 89% and 90%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgM ELISA were 96% and 90%, respectively. The results obtained here show that this antigen is useful for diagnostic purposes.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in the Residents of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea: Hye-Jin Ahn, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Sung-Jong Hong, Seok Ho Cha, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):225-227.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.225

Abstract
PDF

The seroepidemiological status of toxoplasmosis was surveyed among the residents of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do by means of ELISA using a crude extract antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. The sera of 1,661 adult residents (866 males and 795 females) were collected and checked for IgG antibody titers, which showed 17.0% positive rate (282 sera). The positive rate was significantly different between the sex; 20.6% for males and 13.1% for females (P<0.05). The positive rates were higher in fifties of males (28.7%) and forties of females (20.0%). This positive rate of toxoplasmosis in Cheorwon-gun residents is regarded as the highest among the surveys of different geographical regions of Korea. This high positive rate may due in part to peculiar geographical locality of the surveyed area near the naturally well preserved demilitarized zone (DMZ) or presumably consumption of the pork imported from high endemic nations. Therefore, it is necessary to study further the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Cheorwon-gun.

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Original Articles

A Surge in the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Islands in Gangwha-gun, Incheon, Korea: Zhaoshou Yang, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Hye-Jin Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Sung-Jong Hong, Seok Ho Cha, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):191-197.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.191

Abstract
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Seroepidemiological changes of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of the islands of Gangwha-gun, Incheon for 2 years were surveyed and evaluated by ELISA using a crude extract antigen. In 2010, sera of 919 adult residents in Gyodong-myeon and 313 adults in Samsan-myeon were collected and checked for IgG antibody titers, which showed 14.5% (133 sera) and 19.8% (62 sera) positive rates, respectively. In 2011, sera of 955 adults in Gyodong-myeon and 341 adults in Samsan-myeon were examined, which showed an increase of positive rates to 23.8% (227 sera) and 31.7% (108 sera), respectively. Totally, the seroprevalence of the first year was 15.8% and it increased rapidly to 25.8% in the second year. The positive rates of both sexes increased simultaneously with the significant ratio of males to females by 1.7-2.2 fold (P<0.05). In both myeons, 661 sera were collected every year and showed changes in optical density (OD) in 177 sera; newly found as positives in 73 persons (11.0%), negative conversion in 10 persons (1.5%), and maintained or increased in 94 persons (14.2%). This rapid increase in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Gangwha islands may be due to in part peculiar changes in the toxoplasmic environment of the islands and presumably the consumption of the pork bred domestically within the islands or imported from high endemic nations. It is necessary to find out symptomatic toxoplasmic patients and confirm the risk factors for further infection in the islands of Gangwha-gun.

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IgG Avidity ELISA Test for Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Humans: Amir Hossien Rahbari, Hossien Keshavarz, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Mostafa Rezaeian; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):99-102.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.99

Abstract
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Serum samples, 100 in the total number, were collected from different laboratories in Tehran, Iran and tested for anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Using the IgG (chronic) and IgM (acute) positive samples, the IgG avidity test was performed by ELISA in duplicate rows of 96-well microtiter plates. One row was washed with 6 M urea and the other with PBS (pH 7.2), then the avidity index (AI) was calculated. Sixteen out of 18 (88.9%) sera with acute toxoplasmosis showed low avidity levels (AI≤50), and 76 out of 82 (92.7%) sera in chronic phase of infection showed high avidity index (AI>60). Six sera had borderline ranges of AI. The results showed that the IgG avidity test by ELISA could distinguish the acute and chronic stages of toxoplasmosis in humans.

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A Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Apical Membrane Antigen-1 to Detect Human Infection in Iran: Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Mohammad Reza Khoramizade, Mehdi Nateghpour, Mehdi Mohebali, Gholam Hossein Edrissian, Mohammad Reza Eshraghian, Zargham Sepehrizadeh; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):15-21.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.15

Abstract
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In Iran, Plasmodium vivax is responsible for more than 80% of the infected cases of malaria per year. Control interventions for vivax malaria in humans rely mainly on developed diagnostic methods. Recombinant P. vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (rPvAMA-1) has been reported to achieve designing rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to perform isolation and expression of a rPvAMA-1, derived from Iranian patients residing in an endemic area. Then, the diagnostic efficiency of the characterized Iranian PvAMA-1 was assessed using an indirect ELISA method. For this purpose, a partial region of AMA-1 gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in pET32a plasmid. The recombinant His-tagged protein was purified and used to coat the ELISA plate. Antibody detection was assessed by indirect ELISA using rPvAMA-1. The validity of the ELISA method for detection of anti-P. vivax antibodies in the field was compared to light microscopy on 84 confirmed P. vivax patients and compared to 84 non-P. vivax infected individuals. The ELISA cut-off value was calculated as the mean+2SD of OD values of the people living in malaria endemic areas from a south part of Iran. We found a cut-off point of OD=0.311 that showed the best correlation between the sera confirmed with P. vivax infection and healthy control sera. A sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 84.5% were found at this cut off titer. A good degree of statistical agreement was found between ELISA using rPvAMA-1 and light microscopy (0.827) by Kappa analysis.

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Case Report

The Fifth Outbreak of Trichinosis in Korea: Ji-Young Rhee, Sung-Tae Hong, Hye-Jung Lee, Min Seo, Suk-Bae Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):405-408.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.405

Abstract
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Trichinosis is a food-borne zoonotic disease caused by the nematode, Trichinella spp., and had been reported several times in Korea. Recently, there was an additional outbreak, involving 5 patients, the findings from which are reported herein. On 30 November 2010, 8 persons ate sashimi of the meat of a wild boar. Then, 2-3 weeks later, they complained of myalgia and fever. Unfortunately, muscle biopsy was not performed, but ELISA was performed using their sera. Two people among 8 were positive for Trichinella on the 34th day post-infection (PI), and 3 patients who initially revealed negative ELISA were additionally proved to be positive for trichinosis on the 42nd day PI. Hence, the confirmed patients of trichinosis were 5 in total in the present outbreak. They were treated with albendazole and discharged uneventfully. This was the fifth outbreak of trichinosis in Korea.

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Brief Communication

Maintained Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Jeju Island, Korea: Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Kyutaeg Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Yeon-Pyo Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hak-Yong Kim, A-Ra Ko, Yong-Joo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):309-311.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.309

Abstract
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Seroepidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among the residents of Jeju island was surveyed and evaluated by ELISA with crude extract of Toxoplasma gondii. The sera of 2,348 residents (male 1,157 and female 1,191) were collected and checked for the IgG antibody titers, which showed 13.2% positive rate (309 sera). The positive rates were increasing gradually according to the age from 4.3% in teenage to 20.6% in seventies. The positive rates were significantly different between the sex by 16.2% for male and 10.2% for female (P<0.05). This positive rate of toxoplasmosis in Jeju island residents is regarded relatively higher than any other regions of Korea. And the high positive rate may be maintained continuously among Jeju island residents without any clear reasons until now but due to some parts peculiar socio-cultural tradition of Jeju island. Therefore, it is necessary to study further the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis of Jeju island.

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Case Report

Clinical Features of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Korean Patients: Young-Hoon Park, Jae-Hyung Han, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):167-171.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.167

Abstract
PDF

We report here the records of 10 consecutive Korean patients (10 eyes) with ocular toxoplasmosis which showed the typical clinical manifestations with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG antibodies by micro-ELISA between 2006 and 2010. Nine patients were males and 1 was female; their age was 50.5±13.8 years. The most common accompanying signs were vitritis (100%), anterior uveitis (70%), and scattered white deposit (80%). Pre-existing retinochoroidal scar was found in 1 (10%) patient. All patients received antiparasitic chemotherapy and systemic corticosteroid treatment, which resolved the presenting attack and recovered the visual acuity better than initial one in 9 patients and worse in 1. Optic atrophy, cataract, and retinal neovascularization were observed during the follow-up period and recurrence was detected in 3 eyes (30%) 6 to 20 months after the initial attack. In Korea, although rarely detected and reported, ocular toxoplasmosis needs more attention in clinical field of retinal diseases.

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Original Article

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Anisakis simplex Larvae among Health-Examined Residents in Three Hospitals of Southern Parts of Korea: Jung Kim, Jin Ok Jo, Seon Hee Choi, Min Kyoung Cho, Hak Sun Yu, Hee Jae Cha, Meesun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):139-144.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.139

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of larval Anisakis simplex infection among the residents health-examined in 3 hospitals in southern parts of Korea. A total of 498 serum samples (1 serum per person) were collected in 3 hospitals in Busan Metropolitan city, Masan city, and Geoje city in Gyeongsangnam-do (Province) and were examined by IgE-ELISA and IgE-western blotting with larval A. simplex crude extract and excretory-secretory products (ESP). The prevalence of antibody positivity was 5.0% and 6.6% with ELISA against crude extracts and ESP, respectively. It was also revealed that infection occurred throughout all age groups and higher in females than in males. A specific protein band of 130 kDa was detected from 10 patients with western blot analysis against crude extract and ESP among those who showed positive results by ELISA. Our study showed for the first time the seroprevalence of anisakiasis in Korea. The allergen of 130 kDa can be a candidate for serologic diagnosis of anisakiasis.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Stray and Household Cats in Regions of Seoul, Korea: Sang-Eun Lee, Jae-Yeong Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hye-Jin Ahn, Heung-Myong Woo, Won-Ja Lee, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):267-270.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.267

Abstract
PDF

The principal
objective
of this study was to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in household and stray cats in Seoul, Republic of Korea. We collected blood samples from 72 stray and 80 household cats, and all samples were examined by ELISA and nested PCR. The overall positive rates of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats were 38.9% (28/72), with 15.3% (11/72) in ELISA and 30.6% (22/72) in PCR. The positive rate in male stray cats was slightly higher than that of female stray cats. The highest positive rate of T. gondii infection was noted in Gangnam and Songpa populations in ELISA and in Gwangjin population in PCR. In household cats, however, we could not detect any specific antibodies or DNA for T. gondii. In conclusion, we recognized that the infection rate of toxoplasmosis in stray cats in Seoul was considerably high but household cats were free from infection.

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Case Report

An Imported Case of Echinococcosis of the Liver in a Korean Who Traveled to Western and Central Europe: Sun-Ju Byun, Kyung Chul Moon, Kyung-Suk Suh, Joon Koo Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):161-165.
Published online June 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.161

Abstract
PDF

Echinococcus granulosus, an intestinal tapeworm of dogs and other canids, infects humans in its larval stage and causes human echinococcosis or hydatid disease. In the Republic of Korea, 31 parasite-proven human echinococcosis cases have been reported, most of which were imported from the Middle East. We recently examined a 61-year-old Korean man who had a large cystic mass in his liver. ELISA was negative for tissue parasitic infections, including echinococcosis, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, and sparganosis. The patient underwent surgery to remove the cyst, and the resected cyst was processed histopathologically for microscopic examinations. In sectioned cyst tissue, necrotizing protoscolices with disintegrated hooklets of E. granulosus were found. In some areas, only freed, fragmented hooklets were detected. The patient had traveled to western and central Europe in 1996, and had no other history of overseas travel. We report our patient as a hepatic echinococcosis case which was probably imported from Europe.

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Brief Communications

Evaluation of Two ELISA and Two Indirect Hemagglutination Tests for Serodiagnosis of Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: Fatma Nur Eris, Ciler Akisu, Umit Aksoy; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):427-429.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.427

Abstract
PDF

To establish a definite diagnosis for pulmonary hydatid disease, combination of radiology and serology is useful. In this study, 19 preoperative sera from patients with surgically confirmed pulmonary hydatidosis, 40 sera from patients with other parasitosis and pulmonary diseases, and 20 sera from healthy donors were evaluated using 4 different serological tests, i.e., the commercial ELISA (ELISA-kit) test, the ELISA (ELISA-lab) test prepared in our laboratory, the commercial indirect hemagglutination assay kit (IHA-kit) test, and the IHA test using sensitized sheep red blood cells with tannic acid (IHA-TA). The ELISA-kit was the most sensitive (84.2%) and the most specific test (100.0%). The ELISA-kit also demonstrated the highest positive (100.0%) and negative (95.2%) predictive values. The sensitivity of the ELISA-lab test, that we prepared, was found to be 73.6%, whereas the IHA-kit test and the IHA-TA test were found to be 73.6% and 68.4%, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 96.6%, 98.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. When all 4 tests were assessed together, it was found that the sensitivity had risen to 94.7%. When the ELISA-kit was assessed with the IHA-kit and IHA-TA together, it was found that the sensitivity was 89.5% and 84.2%, respectively. Likewise, the combination of the ELISA-lab and IHA-kit or IHA-TA allowed us to achieve a sensitivity of 84.2% in cases of pulmonary echinococcosis. In conclusion, the diagnosis would be imminent if least 2 tests were applied together.

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A Survey of Intestinal Protozoan Infections among Gastroenteritis Patients during a 3-Year Period (2004-2006) in Gyeonggi-do (Province), South Korea: Jeong-Weon Huh, Su-Gyeong Moon, Young-Hee Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):303-305.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.303

Abstract
PDF

The incidence and etiology of parasite-associated gastroenteritis during 2004-2006 in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea was determined by means of antigen detection ELISA on 6,071 stool specimens collected from 6 general hospitals. At least 1 parasitic agent was detected in 3.4% (208/6,071) of the stool samples. Among these, Giardia lamblia was the most numerous (152 cases; 2.5%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25 cases; 0.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (23 cases; 0.4%), and mixed infections (8 cases; 0.1%). Patients aged 1-5 years had the largest proportion (69.2%; 144/208) of parasite-positive stool specimens. Parasite-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from June to September. The detection rate gradually increased from 2004 to 2006. This study shows that parasite-mediated gastroenteritis may be significant among children in Korea and that parasite infection surveillance should be constantly performed.

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Original Articles

A Hospital-Based Serological Survey of Cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Kyu Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Sun Huh, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):219-225.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.219

Abstract
PDF

The seroprevalence of cryptosporidiosis was examined using patients' sera collected from hospitals located in 4 different areas of the Republic of Korea. ELISA was used to measure antibody titers against Cryptosporidium parvum antigens from a total of 2,394 serum samples, which were collected randomly from patients in local hospitals; 1) Chungbuk National University Hospital, 2) Konkuk University Hospital, 3) local hospitals in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do (province), 4) Jeonnam National University Hospital, from 2002 through 2003. Of the 2,394 samples assayed, 34%, 26%, and 56% were positive for C. parvum-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, respectively. Positive IgG titers were most common in sera from Jeonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, and positive IgM titers were most common in sera from Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chuncheongbuk-do. The seropositivity was positively correlated with age for both the IgG and IgA antibodies but was negatively correlated with age for the IgM antibodies. Western blotting revealed that 92%, 83%, and 77% of sera positive for IgG, IgM, and IgA ELISA reacted with 27-kDa antigens, respectively. These results suggested that infection with Cryptosporidium in hospital patients occurs more commonly than previously reported in the Republic of Korea.

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Serum Antigen and Antibody Detection in Echinococcosis: Application in Serodiagnosis of Human Hydatidosis: Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi, Farzaneh Sedaghat, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Bahador Sarkari; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):153-157.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.153

Abstract
PDF

Diagnosis of hydatidosis is based on immunodiagnostic methods along with radiological and ultrasound examinations. The
objective
s of the present study were to develop a specific and simple antigen-based ELISA method for diagnosis of hydatidosis and compare it with antibody detection method. The subjects in this study included 89 patients in the following groups: surgically confirmed hydatidosis patients (35 cases), control with other parasitic diseases (29 cases), and healthy controls (25 cases). Hyperimmune serum was raised against hydatid cyst fluid in rabbits. Anti-hydatid cyst IgG was purified by affinity chromatography using protein A column and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Collected sera were assessed for hydatid cyst antigens and antibody by ELISA. Circulating hydatid antigen was found in 9 out of 35 patients with surgically confirmed hydatidosis. A sensitivity of 25.7% and a specificity of 98.0% were calculated for the antigen detection assay. Antibody detection by indirect ELISA, using antigen B, showed that 94.2% of patients (33 cases) have anti-hydatid cyst antibodies in their serum while cross reaction was noted in a few of non-hydatidosis patients. A sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 81.6% were found for the antibody detection assay. Findings of this study indicated that antibody detection assay is a sensitive approach for diagnosis of hydatid cyst while antigen detection assay might be a useful approach for assessment of the efficacy of treatment especially after removal of the cyst.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats of Gyeonggi-do, Korea: Hye-Youn Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Seungwon Kang, Ho Sa Lee, Ho Gun Rhie, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):199-201.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.199

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide distribution. It infects humans as well as a broad spectrum of vertebrate hosts. Cats and wild felidae play crucial roles in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This study was performed to survey the prevalence of T. gondii infection among stray cats in the Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 174 stray cat blood samples were collected from Gwacheon-si (n = 20), Bucheon-si (82), and Yangju-si (72). Positive sera for T. gondii were identified in 14 samples (8.1%) exclusively via the latex agglutination test, 28 (16.1%) via ELISA, and 23 (13.2%) via PCR analysis. The overall infection rate of female stray cats (29.2%) presented as higher than that of male cats (24.0%). This study suggests that T. gondii is widespread in the stray cat population of Gyeonggi-do, Korea. It is urgently needed to control urban stray cat population and to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission of toxoplasmosis to other animal hosts and humans.

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