Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"antigen"

Original Articles

Genetic structure of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Pakistan: Komal Zaib, Asifullah Khan, Muhammad Umair Khan, Ibrar Ullah, Tuấn Cường Võ, Jung-Mi Kang, Hương Giang Lê, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sahib Gul Afridi; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(3):302-312.
Published online August 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24028

Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (PfAMA-1) is a major candidate for the blood-stage malaria vaccine. Genetic polymorphisms of global pfama-1suggest that the genetic diversity of the gene can disturb effective vaccine development targeting this antigen. This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity and gene structure of pfama-1 among P. falciparum isolates collected in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. A total of 19 full-length pfama-1 sequences were obtained from KP-Pakistan P. falciparum isolates, and genetic polymorphism and natural selection were investigated. KP-Pakistan pfama-1 exhibited genetic diversity, wherein 58 amino acid changes were identified, most of which were located in ectodomains, and domains I, II, and III. The amino acid changes commonly found in the ectodomain of global pfama-1 were also detected in KP-Pakistan pfama-1. Interestingly, 13 novel amino acid changes not reported in the global population were identified in KP-Pakistan pfama-1. KP-Pakistan pfama-1 shared similar levels of genetic diversity with global pfama-1. Evidence of natural selection and recombination events were also detected in KP-Pakistan pfama-1.

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Genetic diversity and natural selection of cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Vietnam
Tuấn Cường Võ, Hương Giang Lê, Jung-Mi Kang, Nguyen Thi Minh Trinh, Minkyoung Cho, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Huynh Hong Quang, Byoung-Kuk Na
Gene.2025; 968: 149731. CrossRef
Genetic polymorphism of Duffy binding protein in Pakistan Plasmodium vivax isolates
Đăng Thùy Dương Nguyễn, Tuấn Cường Võ, Kim Oanh Nguyễn, Hương Giang Lê, Jung-Mi Kang, Thu Hằng Nguyễn, Minkyoung Cho, Sahib Gul Afridi, Byoung-Kuk Na
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107421. CrossRef

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Efficacy of recombinant enolase as a candidate vaccine against Haemaphysalis longicornis tick infestation in mice: Md. Samiul Haque, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Myung-Jo You; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):439-448.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23075

Tick infestation causes a significant threat to human and animal health, requiring effective immunological control methods. This study aimed to investigate the potential of recombinant Haemaphysalis longicornis enolase protein for tick vaccine development. The exact mechanism of the recently identified enolase protein from the H. longicornis Jeju strain remains poorly understood. Enolase plays a crucial role in glycolysis, the metabolic process that converts glucose into energy, and is essential for the motility, adhesion, invasion, growth, and differentiation of ticks. In this study, mice were immunized with recombinant enolase, and polyclonal antibodies were generated. Western blot analysis confirmed the specific recognition of enolase by the antiserum. The effects of immunization on tick feeding and attachment were assessed. Adult ticks attached to the recombinant enolase-immunized mice demonstrated longer attachment time, increased blood-sucking abilities, and lower engorgement weight than the controls. The nymphs and larvae had a reduced attachment rate and low engorgement rate compared to the controls. Mice immunized with recombinant enolase expressed in Escherichia coli displayed 90% efficacy in preventing tick infestation. The glycolytic nature of enolase and its involvement in crucial physiological processes makes it an attractive target for disrupting tick survival and disease transmission. Polyclonal antibodies recognize enolase and significantly reduce attachment rates, tick feeding, and engorgement. Our findings indicate that recombinant enolase may be a valuable vaccine candidate for H. longicornis infection in experimental murine model.

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Comprehensive antigen identification and comparative analysis: significant approaches for controlling Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks
Md. Samiul Haque, Bumseok Kim, Myung-Jo You
Journal of Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Silencing subolesin and enolase impairs gene expression, engorgement and reproduction in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks
Md. Samiul Haque, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Myung-Jo You
Journal of Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting Plasmodium Life Cycle with Novel Parasite Ligands as Vaccine Antigens
Shan Khan, Manas Paresh Patel, Aleem Damji Patni, Sung-Jae Cha
Vaccines.2024; 12(5): 484. CrossRef

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Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex DM9 Protein Shows High Potential for Serodiagnosis of Alveolar Echinococcosis: Jeong-Geun Kim, Xiumin Han, Yoon Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(1):25-34.
Published online February 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.25

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by infection with E. multilocularis metacestode, represents one of the most fatal helminthic diseases. AE is principally manifested with infiltrative, proliferating hepatic mass, resembling primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Sometimes metastatic lesions are found in nearby or remote tissue. AE diagnosis largely depends on imaging studies, but atypical findings of imaging features frequently require differential diagnosis from other hepatic lesions. Serological tests may provide further evidence, while obtaining reliable AE materials is not easy. In this study, alternative antigens, specific to AE were identified by analyzing E. granulosus protoscolex proteins. An immunoblot analysis of E. granulosus protoscolex showed that a group of low-molecular-weight proteins in the range from 14 kDa to 16 kDa exhibited a sensitive and specific immune response to AE patient sera. Partial purification and proteomic analysis indicated that this protein group contained myosin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein, fatty-acid binding protein, uncharacterized DM9, heat shock protein 90 cochaperone tebp P-23, and antigen S. When the serological applicability of recombinant forms of these proteins was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DM9 protein (rEgDM9) showed 90.1% sensitivity (73/81 sera tested) and 94.5% specificity (172/181 sera tested), respectively. rEgDM9 showed weak cross-reactions with patient sera from the transitional and chronic stages of cystic echinococcosis (3 to 5 stages). rEgDM9 would serve as a useful alternative antigen for serodiagnosis of both early- and advanced-stage AE cases.

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Proteomic and Immunological Identification of Diagnostic Antigens from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid: Yan Lu, Jia-Hui Sun, Li-Li Lu, Jia-Xu Chen, Peng Song, Lin Ai, Yu-Chun Cai, Lan-Hua Li, Shao-Hong Chen; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):615-623.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.615

Human sparganosis is a food-borne parasitic disease caused by the plerocercoids of Spirometra species. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is crucial for effective treatment, thus it is important to identify sensitive and specific antigens of plerocercoids. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize the immunogenic proteins of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei plerocercoids that were recognized by patient sera. Crude soluble extract of the plerocercoids were separated using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblot and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on immunoblotting patterns and mass spectrometry results, 8 antigenic proteins were identified from the plerocercoid. Among the proteins, cysteine protease protein might be developed as an antigen for diagnosis of sparganosis.

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Lysine acetylation in the spargana of Spirometra mansoni: Insights into glycolysis and EF-hand domain proteins
Yuke Zeng, Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid, Qin Meng, Shuyu Chen, Xiaoruo Tan, Cuiqin Huang, Shiquan Lu, Teng Zhong, Yuanpeng Hu, Yisong Liu, Wei Liu
Acta Tropica.2025; : 107932. CrossRef
Establishment of Animal Infection Model of Spirometra Mansoni and Identification of Spirometra Mansoni by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Anqi Luo, Shuyu Chen, Mingye He, Xiaoruo Tan, Zhikang Li, Wei Liu, Yisong Liu
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunoproteomics: Approach to Diagnostic and Vaccine Development
Virendra Supaji Gomase, Suchita Prabhakar Dhamane, Kiran Ramesh Kemkar, Pavan Ganpat Kakade, Abhay Dewappa Sakhare
Protein & Peptide Letters.2024; 31(10): 773. CrossRef

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Human Taeniasis and Cysticercosis and Related Factors in Phu Tho Province, Northern Vietnam: Vu Thi Lam Binh, Do Trung Dung, Hoang Quang Vinh, Van Hul Anke, Praet Nicolas, Dorny Pierre, Dermauw Veronique; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):369-376.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.369

Abstract
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Several factors presumed to facilitate the transmission of Taenia spp. were reported in Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study taking questionnaires from 1,185 participants, and collecting 1,151 sera and 1,036 stool samples in northern Vietnam. Sera were examined for circulating antigens of Taenia solium cysticerci using ELISA, stools for Taenia eggs by Kato-Katz smear, and copro-antigens by ELISA. Ag-ELISA revealed 4.6% antigen positivity, indicating infection with viable cysticerci. Taenia eggs were detected in 1.5% of participants. Copro-antigens were found in 2.8% of participants. Eating raw meat and/or vegetables was significantly associated with the presence of copro-antigen (OR=8.6, 95% CI: 1.16-63.9, P=0.01). Considering the high taeniasis prevalence and the associated threat, public health attention should be given to treat the tapeworm carriers in the projected areas.

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The burden of T. solium cysticercosis and selected neuropsychiatric disorders in Mocuba district, Zambézia province, Mozambique
Irene Langa, Fernando Padama, Noémia Nhancupe, Alberto Pondja, Delfina Hlashwayo, Lidia Gouveia, Dominik Stelzle, Clarissa Prazeres da Costa, Veronika Schmidt, Andrea S. Winkler, Emília Virgínia Noormahomed, Eduardo Torres
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(7): e0010606. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea: Yeojin Park, Jinhyeong Noh, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Bo-Ram Yun, Jong-Ho Kim, Eun-Jin Choi, Doo-Sung Cheon, Sung-Jong Hong, Soon-Seek Yoon, Yun Sang Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):257-265.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.257

Abstract
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The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

Citations

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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in ticks and their respective host dogs
Min-Goo Seo, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(1): 66. CrossRef
Prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 182. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii in owned and stray dogs from a Northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil: Seroprevalence and geospatial distribution from a One Health perspective
Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata, Jessica Priscilla Barboza, Fernanda Follis Tasso, Tainara Souza Pinho, Tiago Henrique, Janine Fusco Alves, Carlos Alexandre Guimarães de Souza, Daniel Abrahão, Ubirajara Leoncy de Lavor, Luiz Carlos de Mattos, Chunlei Su,
One Health.2025; 21: 101222. CrossRef
A 20-year serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs with neuromuscular disorders from urban areas in Argentina
María Laura Gos, María Cecilia Venturini, Lorena De Felice, Andrea Dellarupe, Magdalena Rambeaud, Lais Pardini, Lucía María Campero, Mariana Bernstein, Diana Bacigalupe, Walter Basso, Gastón Moré, Juan Manuel Unzaga
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 330: 110235. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in shelter cats in Erzurum province of Turkey
Başak HANEDAN, Cahit BABÜR, Muhammed Sertaç EROĞLU, Selin Sinem SÜMBÜL, Ömer ALKAN
Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi.2023; 34(2): 151. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Measured by Western Blot, ELISA and DNA Analysis, by PCR, in Cats of Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Claudia Charles-Niño, César Pedroza-Roldán, Carolina Salazar-Reveles, Karen Lissete Ocampo-Figueroa, Laura Roció Rodríguez-Pérez, Varinia Margarita Paez-Magallán
Pathogens.2022; 11(1): 109. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in outdoor dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand
Ana Huertas-López, Woraporn Sukhumavasi, Gema Álvarez-García, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, David Cano-Terriza, Sonia Almería, Jitender P. Dubey, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, José Joaquín Cerón, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
Parasitology.2021; 148(7): 843. CrossRef
Genetic Analysis of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia in Shelter Cats in South Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Pathogens.2020; 9(11): 894. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Sarcocystis falcatula in Two Islands of Malaysia using Recombinant Surface Antigen 4: Tengku-Idris Tengku Idzzan Nadzirah, Fong Mun Yik, Lau Yee Ling; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):1-5.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.1

Sarcocystosis was diagnosed worldwide by serodiagnostic tests utilising the whole parasite, for which the protozoa were maintained in vitro are more costly. In this study, antigenicity of Sarcocystis falcatula recombinant protein (rSfSAG4) was investigated towards the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman Islands and its seroprevalence was surveyed in these islands. A total of 348 human sera were tested using rSfSAG4 by Western blot and ELISA. High prevalence of sarcocystosis was observed in Tioman Island (80.6%) than in Pangkor Island (50.0%) by Western blot. In ELISA, the seroprevalence observed in Tioman Island was 45.9%, whereas in Pangkor Island 63.0%. In other parasitic infections, the prevalence was 34.0% by Western blot and 46.0% by ELISA. In healthy control group, 7% by Western blot and 8% by ELISA showed positivity to rSfSAG4. It is suggested SfSAG4 is a candidate antigen to measure seroprevalence of sarcocystosis.

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Sarcocystis infection in domestic and wild avian hosts: Inseparable flight partners
Petras Prakas, Rafael Calero-Bernal, Jitender P. Dubey
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 335: 110413. CrossRef

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Partial Characterization of Two Cathepsin D Family Aspartic Peptidases of Clonorchis sinensis: Jung-Mi Kang, Won-Gi Yoo, H??ng Giang L?, Th? Lam Th?i, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):671-680.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.671

Cathepsin D (CatD, EC 3.4.23.5) is a member belonging to the subfamily of aspartic endopeptidases, which are classified into the MEROPS clan AA, family A1. Helminth parasites express a large set of different peptidases that play pivotal roles in parasite biology and pathophysiology. However, CatD is less well known than the other classes of peptidases in terms of biochemical properties and biological functions. In this study, we identified 2 novel CatDs (CsCatD1 and CsCatD2) of Clonorchis sinensis and partially characterized their properties. Both CsCatDs represent typical enzymes sharing amino acid residues and motifs that are tightly conserved in the CatD superfamily of proteins. Both CsCatDs showed similar patterns of expression in different developmental stages of C. sinensis, but CsCatD2 was also expressed in metacercariae. CsCatD2 was mainly expressed in the intestines and eggs of C. sinensis. Sera obtained from rats experimentally infected with C. sinensis reacted with recombinant CsCatD2 beginning 2 weeks after infection and the antibody titers were gradually increased by maturation of the parasite. Structural analysis of CsCatD2 revealed a bilobed enzyme structure consisting of 2 antiparallel β-sheet domains packed against each other forming a homodimeric structure. These results suggested a plausible biological role of CsCatD2 in the nutrition and reproduction of parasite and its potential utility as a serodiagnostic antigen in clonorchiasis.

Citations

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Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory proteins ameliorate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Moon-Ju Kim, Hee Min Yoo, Yu Jeong Lee, Hyun Hee Jang, Seung Cheol Shim, Eun Jeong Won, Tae-Jong Kim
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati larval cultures
Timothy K. Wu, Qin Fu, Janice L. Liotta, Dwight D. Bowman
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 332: 110331. CrossRef
An insight into the functional genomics and species classification of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae), a haematophagous parasite of the common carp Cyprinus carpio
Jiří Vorel, Nikol Kmentová, Christoph Hahn, Petr Bureš, Martin Kašný
BMC Genomics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
In silico identification of excretory/secretory proteins and drug targets in monogenean parasites
Víctor Caña-Bozada, Martha Chapa-López, Rubén D. Díaz-Martín, Alejandra García-Gasca, José Ángel Huerta-Ocampo, Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui, F. Neptalí Morales-Serna
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 93: 104931. CrossRef
pH-Dependent Structural Dynamics of Cathepsin D-Family Aspartic Peptidase of Clonorchis sinensis
Jung-Mi Kang, Hương Giang Lê, Byoung-Kuk Na, Won Gi Yoo
Pathogens.2021; 10(9): 1128. CrossRef
Dopaminergic antagonists inhibit bile chemotaxis of adult Clonorchis sinensis and its egg production
Fuhong Dai, Jin-Ho Song, Yeon Pyo Hong, Xuelian Bai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, jong-Yil Chai
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(3): e0008220. CrossRef
Identification and Analysis of the Tegument Protein and Excretory-Secretory Products of the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis
Yunliang Shi, Kai Yu, Anli Liang, Yan Huang, Fangqi Ou, Haiyan Wei, Xiaoling Wan, Yichao Yang, Weiyu Zhang, Zhihua Jiang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax in Clinical Isolates from Southern Thailand using PvMSP1, PvMSP3 (PvMSP3α, PvMSP3β) Genes and Eight Microsatellite Markers: Supinya Thanapongpichat, Thunchanok Khammanee, Nongyao Sawangjaroen, Hansuk Buncherd, Aung Win Tun; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):469-479.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.469

Abstract
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Plasmodium vivax is usually considered morbidity in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and some part of Africa. In Thailand, previous studies indicated the genetic diversity of P. vivax in malaria-endemic regions such as the western part of Thailand bordering with Myanmar. The
objective
of the study is to investigate the genetic diversity of P. vivax circulating in Southern Thailand by using 3 antigenic markers and 8 microsatellite markers. Dried blood spots were collected from Chumphon, Phang Nga, Ranong and, Surat Thani provinces of Thailand. By PCR, 3 distinct sizes of PvMSP3α, 2 sizes of PvMSP3β and 2 sizes of PvMSP1 F2 were detected based on the length of PCR products, respectively. PCR/RFLP analyses of these antigen genes revealed high levels of genetic diversity. The genotyping of 8 microsatellite loci showed high genetic diversity as indicated by high alleles per locus and high expected heterozygosity (H_E). The genotyping markers also showed multiple-clones of infection. Mixed genotypes were detected in 4.8% of PvMSP3α, 29.1% in PvMSP3β and 55.3% of microsatellite markers. These results showed that there was high genetic diversity of P. vivax isolated from Southern Thailand, indicating that the genetic diversity of P. vivax in this region was comparable to those observed other areas of Thailand.

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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Honduras in the malaria elimination phase
Alejandro Zamora, Alejandra Pinto, Denis Escobar, Hugo O. Valdivia, Lesly Chaver, Gloria Ardón, Erick Carranza, Gustavo Fontecha
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 7: 100230. CrossRef
Genetic Structure of Introduced Plasmodium vivax Malaria Isolates in Greece, 2015–2019
Ioanna Spiliopoulou, Danai Pervanidou, Nikolaos Tegos, Maria Tseroni, Agoritsa Baka, Annita Vakali, Chrisovaladou-Niki Kefaloudi, Vasilios Papavasilopoulos, Anastasia Mpimpa, Eleni Patsoula
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2024; 9(5): 102. CrossRef
Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs in Honduras: A Challenge for Elimination
Sharon Banegas, Denis Escobar, Alejandra Pinto, Marcela Moncada, Gabriela Matamoros, Hugo O. Valdivia, Allan Reyes, Gustavo Fontecha
Pathogens.2024; 13(7): 541. CrossRef
Distinct Allelic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 3-Alpha (PvMSP-3α) Gene in Thailand Using PCR-RFLP
Kanyanan Kritsiriwuthinan, Warunee Ngrenngarmlert, Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich, Supaksajee Phuagthong, Kantima Choosang, Jianbing Mu
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Field Isolates from the Thai–Myanmar Border during the Period of 2006–2016
Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Kesara Na-Bangchang
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(4): 210. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein and Merozoite Surface Protein-1 in northwestern Thailand
Parsakorn Tapaopong, Gustavo da Silva, Sittinont Chainarin, Chayanut Suansomjit, Khajohnpong Manopwisedjaroen, Liwang Cui, Cristian Koepfli, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Wang Nguitragool
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2023; 113: 105467. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-3 Alpha and Beta from Diverse Geographic Areas of Thailand
Jiraporn Kuesap, Kanchana Rungsihirunrat, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Mathirut Mungthin
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases.2022; 75(3): 241. CrossRef
Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency among Malaria Patients in Southern Thailand: 8 Years Retrospective Study
Thunchanok Khammanee, Nongyao Sawangjaroen, Hansuk Buncherd, Aung Win Tun, Supinya Thanapongpichat
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(1): 15. CrossRef
PvMSP-3α and PvMSP-3β genotyping reveals higher genetic diversity in Plasmodium vivax parasites from migrant workers than residents at the China-Myanmar border
Xiaosong Li, Yao Bai, Yanrui Wu, Weilin Zeng, Zheng Xiang, Hui Zhao, Wei Zhao, Xi Chen, Mengxi Duan, Xun Wang, Wenya Zhu, Kemin Sun, Yiman Wu, Yanmei Zhang, Yucheng Qin, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Liwang Cui, Zhaoqing Yang
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2022; 106: 105387. CrossRef
Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers
Zainab Bibi, Anam Fatima, Rehana Rani, Ayesha Maqbool, Samea Khan, Shumaila Naz, Shahid Waseem
Malaria Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein Eg mefAg-1 as a Serodiagnostic Candidate for Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep: Liu Tianli, Wang Xifeng, Tian Zhenzhong, Wang Lixia, Zhang Xingxing, Qiao Jun, Meng Qingling, Gong Shasha, Chen Ying, Cai Xuepeng; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):61-67.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.61

Abstract
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in sheep is a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). At present, serological test is an important diagnostic method for Eg infection in domestic animals. Here, a fusion protein Eg mefAg-1 harboring 8 dominant B-cell epitopes of Eg such as antigen B, tetraspanin 1, tetraspanin 6, reticulon and Eg95 was produced in E. coli and evaluated for CE in sheep by indirect ELISA. Eg mefAg-1 showed in ELISA a high sensitivity (93.41%) and specificity (99.31%), with a coincidence rate of 97.02%. Overall, it is suggested that the Eg mefAg-1 could be a potential antigen candidate for CE serodiagnosis in sheep.

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Rapid and non‐invasive detection of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum fluorescence spectrum combined with machine learning algorithms
Shengke Xu, Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Maierhaba Maimaitiaili, Jingrui Dou, Malike Aizezi, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Xiaoyi Lü, Guodong Lü
Journal of Biophotonics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis
Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Anna Julia Ribeiro, Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende, Carolina Alves Petit Couto, Isadora Braga Gandra, Isabelle Caroline dos Santos Barcelos, Jonatas Oliveira da Silva, Juliana Martins Machado, Kamila Alves Silva, Líria Souza Si
Microbial Cell Factories.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression and serodiagnostic efficacy of a novel echinococcosis-specific recombinant fusion antigen rAgB8/1-Em18-Eg95
Yang Xianwei, Wang Tao, Chen Yin, Wang Wentao
Parasitology.2024; 151(13): 1458. CrossRef
Rapid and accurate screening of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms
Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Jingrui Dou, Xiangxiang Zheng, Xiaoyi Lü, Hui Zhao, Lingfei Yang, Renyong Lin, Guodong Lü
Journal of Biophotonics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of a novel Echinococcus granulosus recombinant fusion B-EpC1 antigen for the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis using indirect ELISA in comparison with a commercial diagnostic ELISA kit
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Parasite Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Unraveling Haplotype Diversity of the Apical Membrane Antigen-1 Gene in Plasmodium falciparum Populations in Thailand: Lalita Lumkul, Vorthon Sawaswong, Phumin Simpalipan, Morakot Kaewthamasorn, Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn, Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):153-165.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.153

Development of an effective vaccine is critically needed for the prevention of malaria. One of the key antigens for malaria vaccines is the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the surface protein for erythrocyte invasion of the parasite. The gene encoding AMA-1 has been sequenced from populations of P. falciparum worldwide, but the haplotype diversity of the gene in P. falciparum populations in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), including Thailand, remains to be characterized. In the present study, the AMA-1 gene was PCR amplified and sequenced from the genomic DNA of 65 P. falciparum isolates from 5 endemic areas in Thailand. The nearly fulllength 1,848 nucleotide sequence of AMA-1 was subjected to molecular analyses, including nucleotide sequence diversity, haplotype diversity and deduced amino acid sequence diversity and neutrality tests. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise population differentiation (F_st indices) were performed to infer the population structure. The analyses identified 60 single nucleotide polymorphic loci, predominately located in domain I of AMA-1. A total of 31 unique AMA-1 haplotypes were identified, which included 11 novel ones. The phylogenetic tree of the AMA-1 haplotypes revealed multiple clades of AMA-1, each of which contained parasites of multiple geographical origins, consistent with the Fst indices indicating genetic homogeneity or gene flow among geographically distinct populations of P. falciparum in Thailand’s borders with Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. In summary, the study revealed novel haplotypes and population structure needed for the further advancement of AMA-1-based malaria vaccines in the GMS.

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Genetic diversity and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 (ama-1) in Cameroonian Plasmodium falciparum isolates
Joseph Hawadak, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana, Karmveer Yadav, Veena Pande, Aparup Das, Vineeta Singh
Gene.2024; 894: 147956. CrossRef
Genetic polymorphism and natural selection of the erythrocyte binding antigen 175 region II in Plasmodium falciparum populations from Myanmar and Vietnam
Tuấn Cường Võ, Hương Giang Lê, Jung-Mi Kang, Haung Naw, Won Gi Yoo, Moe Kyaw Myint, Huynh Hong Quang, Byoung-Kuk Na
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 antigen from the Northeast Indian state of Tripura and comparison with global sequences: implications for vaccine development
Tulika Nirmolia, Md. Atique Ahmed, Vinayagam Sathishkumar, Nilanju P. Sarma, Dibya R. Bhattacharyya, Pradyumna K. Mohapatra, Devendra Bansal, Praveen K. Bharti, Rakesh Sehgal, Jagadish Mahanta, Ali A. Sultan, Kanwar Narain, Saurav J. Patgiri
Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Global diversity of the gene encoding the Pfs25 protein—a Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine candidate
Pornpawee Sookpongthai, Korawich Utayopas, Thassanai Sitthiyotha, Theerakamol Pengsakul, Morakot Kaewthamasorn, Kittikhun Wangkanont, Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn, Surasak Chunsrivirot, Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Alena Pance
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David Ricardo Salamanca, Marcela Gómez, Anny Camargo, Laura Cuy-Chaparro, Jessica Molina-Franky, César Reyes, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
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Genotyping genetically heterogeneousCyclospora cayetanensisinfections to complement epidemiological case linkage
Joel L. N. Barratt, Subin Park, Fernanda S. Nascimento, Jessica Hofstetter, Mateusz Plucinski, Shannon Casillas, Richard S. Bradbury, Michael J. Arrowood, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Eldin Talundzic
Parasitology.2019; 146(10): 1275. CrossRef
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Katrina J. Spensley, Paul S. Wikramaratna, Bridget S. Penman, Andrew Walker, Adrian L. Smith, Oliver G. Pybus, Létitia Jean, Sunetra Gupta, José Lourenço
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Characterization of Pv92, a Novel Merozoite Surface Protein of Plasmodium vivax: Seong-Kyun Lee, Bo Wang, Jin-Hee Han, Myat Htut Nyunt, Fauzi Muh, Patchanee Chootong, Kwon-Soo Ha, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):385-391.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.385

Abstract
PDF

The discovery and understanding of antigenic proteins are essential for development of a vaccine against malaria. In Plasmodium falciparum, Pf92 have been characterized as a merozoite surface protein, and this protein is expressed at the late schizont stage, but no study of Pv92, the orthologue of Pf92 in P. vivax, has been reported. Thus, the protein structure of Pv92 was analyzed, and the gene sequence was aligned with that of other Plasmodium spp. using bioinformatics tools. The recombinant Pv92 protein was expressed and purified using bacterial expression system and used for immunization of mice to gain the polyclonal antibody and for evaluation of antigenicity by protein array. Also, the antibody against Pv92 was used for subcellular analysis by immunofluorescence assay. The Pv92 protein has a signal peptide and a sexual stage s48/45 domain, and the cysteine residues at the N-terminal of Pv92 were completely conserved. The N-terminal of Pv92 was successfully expressed as soluble form using a bacterial expression system. The antibody raised against Pv92 recognized the parasites and completely merged with PvMSP1-19, indicating that Pv92 was localized on the merozoite surface. Evaluation of the human humoral immune response to Pv92 indicated moderate antigenicity, with 65% sensitivity and 95% specificity by protein array. Taken together, the merozoite surface localization and antigenicity of Pv92 implicate that it might be involved in attachment and invasion of a merozoite to a new host cell or immune evasion during invasion process.

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Merozoite surface protein 1 paralog is involved in the human erythrocyte invasion of a zoonotic malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi
Seong-Kyun Lee, Tuyet Kha Nguyen, Franziska Mohring, Jin-Hee Han, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Robert W. Moon, Eun-Taek Han
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel platform for peptide-mediated affinity capture and LC-MS/MS identification of host receptors involved in Plasmodium invasion
Jessica Molina-Franky, David Fernando Plaza, Carmen Merali, Salim Merali, Carlos Barrero, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Journal of Proteomics.2021; 231: 104002. CrossRef
Inhibition of parasite invasion by monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor-like domain of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog
Jin-Hee Han, Yang Cheng, Fauzi Muh, Md Atique Ahmed, Jee-Sun Cho, Myat Htut Nyunt, Hye-Yoon Jeon, Kwon-Soo Ha, Sunghun Na, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Ho-Joon Shin, Bruce Russell, Eun-Taek Han
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax in vitro continuous culture: the spoke in the wheel
Maritza Bermúdez, Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Hernando Curtidor, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Development of Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Antigen Detection in Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection: Mu-Xin Chen, Jia-Xu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Da-Na Huang, Lin Ai, Ren-Li Zhang; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):375-380.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.375

Angiostrongyliasis is difficult to be diagnosed for the reason that no ideal method can be used. Serologic tests require specific equipment and are not always available in poverty-stricken zone and are time-consuming. A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) may be useful for angiostrongyliasis control. We established a LFIA for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis based on 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis adults. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.1% and 100% in LFIA, while those of commercial ELISA kit was 97.8% and 86.3%, respectively. Youden index was 0.91 in LFIA and 0.84 in commercial ELISA kit. LFIA showed detection limit of 1 ng/ml of A. cantonensis ES antigens. This LFIA was simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific, which opened an alternative approach for the diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis.

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Micromachines.2022; 13(2): 336. CrossRef
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Rogan Lee, Tsung-Yu Pai, Richard Churcher, Sarah Davies, Jody Braddock, Michael Linton, Jane Yu, Erin Bell, Justin Wimpole, Anna Dengate, David Collins, Narelle Brown, George Reppas, Susan Jaensch, Matthew K. Wun, Patricia Martin, William Sears, Jan Šlape
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Sandwich dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for specific immunodiagnosis of active neuroangiostrongyliasis
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Susan I. Jarvi, Elizabeth S. Atkinson, Lisa M. Kaluna, Kirsten A. Snook, Argon Steel
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(12): e0008937. CrossRef
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S. Momčilović, C. Cantacessi, V. Arsić-Arsenijević, D. Otranto, S. Tasić-Otašević
Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2019; 25(3): 290. CrossRef
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A. Kenfak, G. Eperon, M. Schibler, F. Lamoth, M.I. Vargas, J.P. Stahl
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Dana Huang, Yalan Huang, Yijun Tang, Qian Zhang, Xiaoheng Li, Shitong Gao, Wuwei Hua, Renli Zhang
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2019; 19(10): 717. CrossRef
Immunochromatographic test for rapid serological diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis
Praphathip Eamsobhana, Anchalee Tungtrongchitr, Darawan Wanachiwanawin, Hoi-Sen Yong
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Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Qiu-An Hu, Yi Zhang, Yun-Hai Guo, Shan Lv, Shang Xia, He-Xiang Liu, Yuan Fang, Qin Liu, Dan Zhu, Qi-Ming Zhang, Chun-Li Yang, Guang-Yi Lin
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The AAPS Journal.2017; 19(3): 682. CrossRef

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Screening and Identification of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae): Tiantian Zhang, Xuejiao Cui, Jincheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Meng Wu, Hua Zeng, Yuanyuan Cao, Jingze Liu, Yonghong Hu; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):789-793.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.789

Abstract
PDF

In order to explore tick proteins as potential targets for further developing vaccine against ticks, the total proteins of unfed female Dermacentor silvarum were screened with anti-D. silvarum serum produced from rabbits. The results of western blot showed that 3 antigenic proteins of about 100, 68, and 52 kDa were detected by polyclonal antibodies, which means that they probably have immunogenicity. Then, unfed female tick proteins were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE, and target proteins (100, 68, and 52 kDa) were cut and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, respectively. The comparative results of peptide sequences showed that they might be vitellogenin (Vg), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), respectively. These data will lay the foundation for the further validation of antigenic proteins to prevent infestation and diseases transmitted by D. silvarum.

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Margarita Villar, Iván Pacheco, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Ala E. Tabor, Manuel Rodríguez-Valle, Albert Mulenga, Katherine M. Kocan, Edmour F. Blouin, José de La Fuente
Expert Review of Proteomics.2021; 18(12): 1099. CrossRef
Extracellular vesicles induce protective immunity against Trichuris muris
R. K. Shears, A. J. Bancroft, G. W. Hughes, R. K. Grencis, D. J. Thornton
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New approaches and omics tools for mining of vaccine candidates against vector-borne diseases
Josipa Kuleš, Anita Horvatić, Nicolas Guillemin, Asier Galan, Vladimir Mrljak, Mangesh Bhide
Molecular BioSystems.2016; 12(9): 2680. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Identification of Immunodominant B-cell Epitope Regions of Reticulocyte Binding Proteins in Plasmodium vivax by Protein Microarray Based Immunoscreening: Jin-Hee Han, Jian Li, Bo Wang, Seong-Kyun Lee, Myat Htut Nyunt, Sunghun Na, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):403-411.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.403

Abstract
PDF

Plasmodium falciparum can invade all stages of red blood cells, while Plasmodium vivax can invade only reticulocytes. Although many P. vivax proteins have been discovered, their functions are largely unknown. Among them, P. vivax reticulocyte binding proteins (PvRBP1 and PvRBP2) recognize and bind to reticulocytes. Both proteins possess a C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain, which drives adhesion to reticulocytes. PvRBP1 and PvRBP2 are large (> 326 kDa), which hinders identification of the functional domains. In this study, the complete genome information of the P. vivax RBP family was thoroughly analyzed using a prediction server with bioinformatics data to predict B-cell epitope domains. Eleven pvrbp family genes that included 2 pseudogenes and 9 full or partial length genes were selected and used to express recombinant proteins in a wheat germ cell-free system. The expressed proteins were used to evaluate the humoral immune response with vivax malaria patients and healthy individual serum samples by protein microarray. The recombinant fragments of 9 PvRBP proteins were successfully expressed; the soluble proteins ranged in molecular weight from 16 to 34 kDa. Evaluation of the humoral immune response to each recombinant PvRBP protein indicated a high antigenicity, with 38-88% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Of them, N-terminal parts of PvRBP2c (PVX_090325-1) and PvRBP2 like partial A (PVX_090330-1) elicited high antigenicity. In addition, the PvRBP2-like homologue B (PVX_116930) fragment was newly identified as high antigenicity and may be exploited as a potential antigenic candidate among the PvRBP family. The functional activity of the PvRBP family on merozoite invasion remains unknown.

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Alternative Invasion Mechanisms and Host Immune Response to Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Trends and Future Directions
Daniel Kepple, Kareen Pestana, Junya Tomida, Abnet Abebe, Lemu Golassa, Eugenia Lo
Microorganisms.2020; 9(1): 15. CrossRef
Epitope-Based Vaccine Designing of Nocardia asteroides Targeting the Virulence Factor Mce-Family Protein by Immunoinformatics Approach
Prasanta Patra, Niladri Mondal, Bidhan Chandra Patra, Manojit Bhattacharya
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2020; 26(2): 1165. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins for invasion into reticulocytes
Li‐Jin Chan, Melanie H. Dietrich, Wang Nguitragool, Wai‐Hong Tham
Cellular Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
From a basic to a functional approach for developing a blood stage vaccine against Plasmodium vivax
Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Darwin A. Moreno-Pérez
Expert Review of Vaccines.2020; 19(2): 195. CrossRef
Inferring Plasmodium vivax protein biology by using omics data
D.A. Moreno-Pérez, M.A. Patarroyo
Journal of Proteomics.2020; 218: 103719. CrossRef
Prediction of B cell and T‐helper cell epitopes candidates of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) by in silico approach
Negar Hooshmand, Jamal Fayazi, Saleh Tabatabaei, Nader Ghaleh Golab Behbahan
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2020; 6(4): 730. CrossRef
Serodiagnostic antigens of Clonorchis sinensis identified and evaluated by high-throughput proteogenomics
Pyo Yun Cho, Ji-Yun Lee, Tae Im Kim, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong, Won Gi Yoo, Takafumi Tsuboi, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jae-Wan Jung, Satoru Takeo, Eun-Taek Han, Banchob Sripa, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Ho-Woo Nam, Jhang Ho Pak, Tong-Soo Kim, Krystyna Cwiklinski
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(12): e0008998. CrossRef
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Kokouvi Kassegne, Eniola Michael Abe, Yan-Bing Cui, Shen-Bo Chen, Bin Xu, Wang-Ping Deng, Hai-Mo Shen, Yue Wang, Jun-Hu Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Expert Review of Proteomics.2019; 16(2): 117. CrossRef
Identification and Immunological Characterization of the Ligand Domain of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Protein 1a
Francis B Ntumngia, Richard Thomson-Luque, Sandra Galusic, Gabriel Frato, Sarah Frischmann, David S Peabody, Bryce Chackerian, Marcelo U Ferreira, Christopher L King, John H Adams
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 218(7): 1110. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax vaccine research – we’ve only just begun
Wai-Hong Tham, James G. Beeson, Julian C. Rayner
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(2-3): 111. CrossRef
What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates?
Carolina López, Yoelis Yepes-Pérez, Natalia Hincapié-Escobar, Diana Díaz-Arévalo, Manuel A. Patarroyo
Frontiers in Immunology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of a reticulocyte-specific binding domain of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte-binding protein 1 that is homologous to the PfRh4 erythrocyte-binding domain
Jin-Hee Han, Seong-Kyun Lee, Bo Wang, Fauzi Muh, Myat Htut Nyunt, Sunghun Na, Kwon-Soo Ha, Seok-Ho Hong, Won Sun Park, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Taek Han
Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax GPI-anchored micronemal antigen (PvGAMA) binds human erythrocytes independent of Duffy antigen status
Yang Cheng, Feng Lu, Bo Wang, Jian Li, Jin-Hee Han, Daisuke Ito, Deok-Hoon Kong, Lubin Jiang, Jian Wu, Kwon-Soo Ha, Eizo Takashima, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Jun Cao, Myat Htut Nyunt, Myat Phone Kyaw, Sanjay A. Desai, Louis H. Miller, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Ta
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Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins Are Key Targets of Naturally Acquired Immunity in Young Papua New Guinean Children
Camila T. França, Wen-Qiang He, Jakub Gruszczyk, Nicholas T. Y. Lim, Enmoore Lin, Benson Kiniboro, Peter M. Siba, Wai-Hong Tham, Ivo Mueller, Henk D. F. H. Schallig
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2016; 10(9): e0005014. CrossRef
Gene Models, Expression Repertoire, and Immune Response of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins
Jenni Hietanen, Anongruk Chim-ong, Thanprakorn Chiramanewong, Jakub Gruszczyk, Wanlapa Roobsoong, Wai-Hong Tham, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Wang Nguitragool, J. H. Adams
Infection and Immunity.2016; 84(3): 677. CrossRef

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Proteomic Screening of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae): Young-Ha Kim, Mohammad Saiful slam, Myung-Jo You; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):85-93.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.85

Abstract
PDF

Proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. For detection of antigens from Haemaphysalis longicornis, 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE) quantitative immunoblotting technique combined with 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) immunoblotting was used for whole body proteins from unfed and partially fed female ticks. Reactivity bands and 2-DE immunoblotting were performed following 2-DE electrophoresis to identify protein spots. The proteome of the partially fed female had a larger number of lower molecular weight proteins than that of the unfed female tick. The total number of detected spots was 818 for unfed and 670 for partially fed female ticks. The 2-DE immunoblotting identified 10 antigenic spots from unfed females and 8 antigenic spots from partially fed females. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) of relevant spots identified calreticulin, putative secreted WC salivary protein, and a conserved hypothetical protein from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and Swiss Prot protein sequence databases. These findings indicate that most of the whole body components of these ticks are non-immunogenic. The data reported here will provide guidance in the identification of antigenic proteins to prevent infestation and diseases transmitted by H. longicornis.

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Developmental Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Expression Profile of Global Proteins of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Parthenogenesis)
Min-Xuan Liu, Xiao-Pei Xu, Fan-Ming Meng, Bing Zhang, Wei-Gang Li, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Qiao-Ying Zen, Wen-Ge Liu
Life.2025; 15(1): 59. CrossRef
Haemaphysalis longicornis calreticulin is not an effective molecular tool for tick bite diagnosis and disruption of tick infestations
Weiqing Zheng, Haijun Hu, Jiafu Jiang, Xiangrong Sun, Renlong Fu, Huiying Tao, Yangqing Liu, Haiying Chen, Hongmei Ma, Shengen Chen
Veterinary Parasitology.2022; 309: 109775. CrossRef
Trypanosoma cruzi Calreticulin: Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Tumorigenesis
Galia Ramírez-Toloza, Eduardo Sosoniuk-Roche, Carolina Valck, Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán, Viviana P. Ferreira, Arturo Ferreira
Trends in Parasitology.2020; 36(4): 368. CrossRef
Catalogue of stage-specific transcripts in Ixodes ricinus and their potential functions during the tick life-cycle
Pavlina Vechtova, Zoltan Fussy, Radim Cegan, Jan Sterba, Jan Erhart, Vladimir Benes, Libor Grubhoffer
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tachaea chinensis Isopod During Parasitism
Yingdong Li, Xin Li, Zhibin Han, Weibin Xu, Xiaodong Li, Qijun Chen
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Applying proteomics to tick vaccine development: where are we?
Margarita Villar, Anabel Marina, José de la Fuente
Expert Review of Proteomics.2017; 14(3): 211. CrossRef
Screening and Identification of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Tiantian Zhang, Xuejiao Cui, Jincheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Meng Wu, Hua Zeng, Yuanyuan Cao, Jingze Liu, Yonghong Hu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 789. CrossRef

10,715 View
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A New IgG Immunoblot Kit for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women: Imen Khammari, Fatma Saghrouni, Sami Lakhal, Aida Bouratbine, Moncef Ben Said, Jalel Boukadida; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):493-499.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.493

Abstract
PDF

The determination of the accurate immune status of pregnant women is crucial in order to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis. Equivocal results with conventional serological techniques are not uncommon when IgG titers are close to the cut-off value of the test, so that a confirmatory technique is needed. For this purpose, we developed a homemade immunoblot (IB) using soluble extract of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and assessed it by testing 154 positive, 100 negative, and 123 equivocal sera obtained from pregnant women. In order to select the more valuable bands in terms of sensitivity and specificity, we used the Youden Index (YI). The highest YIs were those given by the 32, 36, 98, 21, and 33 bands. The simultaneous presence on the same blot of at least 3 bands showed a much higher YI (0.964) and was adapted as the positivity criterion. The analysis of results showed that our homemade IB correlated well with the commercial LDBIO Toxo II IgG® kit recently recommended as a confirmatory test (96.7% of concordance).

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High Expression of Water-Soluble Recombinant Antigenic Domains of Toxoplasma gondii Secretory Organelles: Zhaoshou Yang, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):367-376.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.367

Abstract
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Recombinant antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii are alternative source of antigens which are easily obtainable for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. In this study, highly antigenic secretory organellar proteins, dense granular GRA2 and GRA3, rhoptrial ROP2, and micronemal MIC2, were analyzed by bioinformatics approach to express as water-soluble forms of antigenic domains. The transmembrane region and disorder tendency of 4 secretory proteins were predicted to clone the genes into pGEX-4T-1 vector. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into BL21 (DE3) pLysS E. coli, and GST fusion proteins were expressed with IPTG. As a result, GST fusion proteins with GRA2_25-105, GRA3_39-138, ROP2_324-561, and MIC2_1-284 domains had respectively higher value of IgG avidity. The rGST-GRA2_25-105 and rGST-GRA3_39-138 were soluble, while rGST-ROP2_324-561 and rGST-MIC2_1-284 were not. GRA2_31-71, intrinsically unstructured domain (IUD) of GRA2, was used as a linker to enhance the solubility. The rGST-GRA2_31-71-ROP2_324-561, a chimeric protein, appeared to be soluble. Moreover, rGST-GRA2_31-71-MIC2_1-284 was also soluble and had higher IgG avidity comparing to rGST-MIC2_1-284. These 4 highly expressed and water-soluble recombinant antigenic proteins may be promising candidates to improve the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in addition to the major surface antigen of SAG1.

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Brief Communication

Metagonimus yokogawai: a 100-kDa Somatic Antigen Commonly Reacting with Other Trematodes: Eun-Taek Han, Hyun-Jong Yang, Young-Jin Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):201-204.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.201

Abstract
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This study was undertaken to characterize the properties of a 100 kDa somatic antigen from Metagonimus yokogawai. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this 100 kDa antigen, and their immunoreactivity was assessed by western blot analysis with patients' sera. The mAbs against the 100 kDa antigen commonly reacted with various kinds of trematode antigens, including intestinal (Gymnophalloides seoi), lung (Paragonimus westermani), and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica). However, this mAb showed no cross-reactions with other helminth parasites, including nematodes and cestodes. To determine the topographic distribution of the 100 kDa antigen in worm sections, indirect immunoperoxidase staining was performed. A strong positive reaction was observed in the tegumental and subtegumental layers of adult M. yokogawai and C. sinensis. The results showed that the 100 kDa somatic protein of M. yokogawai is a common antigen which recognizes a target epitope present over the tegumental layer of different trematode species.

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Original Article

Evaluation of Recombinant SAG1, SAG2, and SAG3 Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: Khadijeh Khanaliha, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Bahram Kazemi, Bahador Shahriari, Mojgan Bandehpour, Zarin Sharifniya; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):137-142.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.137

Abstract
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Serologic tests are widely accepted for diagnosing Toxoplasma gondii but purification and standardization of antigen needs to be improved. Recently, surface tachyzoite and bradyzoite antigens have become more attractive for this purpose. In this study, diagnostic usefulness of 3 recombinant antigens (SAG1, SAG2, and SAG3) were evaluated, and their efficacy was compared with the available commercial ELISA. The recombinant plasmids were transformed to JM109 strain of Escherichia coli, and the recombinants were expressed and purified. Recombinant SAG1, SAG2, and SAG3 antigens were evaluated using different groups of sera in an ELISA system, and the results were compared to those of a commercial IgG and IgM ELISA kit. The sensitivity and specificity of recombinant surface antigens for detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG in comparison with commercially available ELISA were as follows: SAG1 (93.6% and 92.9%), SAG2 (100.0% and 89.4%), and SAG3 (95.4% and 91.2%), respectively. A high degree of agreement (96.9%) was observed between recombinant SAG2 and commercial ELISA in terms of detecting IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. P22 had the best performance in detecting anti-Toxoplasma IgM in comparison with the other 2 recombinant antigens. Recombinant SAG1, SAG2, and SAG3 could all be used for diagnosis of IgG-specific antibodies against T. gondii.

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Jianjun Wang, Ping Lin, Dan Li, Biyu Yang, Jiaqi Wang, Meng Feng, Xunjia Cheng
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Seroprevalence and Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area, China
Guojing Li, Wangli Zheng, Jinfang Yang, Tongsheng Qi, Yongcai He, Wangkai Chen, Hejia Ma, Yali Sun, Ying Li, Ming Kang, Jixu Li
Pathogens.2021; 10(4): 432. CrossRef
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infections using Virus-Like Particles Displaying T. gondii ROP4 Antigen
Min-Ju Kim, Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Fu-Shi Quan
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 565. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii parasite in captive Mexican jaguars determined by recombinant surface antigens (SAG1) and dense granular antigens (GRA1 and GRA7) in ELISA-based serodiagnosis
Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar, Dulce Moreno-Gálvez, Abel Villa-Mancera
Experimental Parasitology.2020; 208: 107791. CrossRef
Evaluation of a PCR assay for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell among HIV/AIDS patients
Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Abdoulreza Esteghamati, Khadijeh Khanaliha, Saeed Kalantari, Shirin Sayyahfar, Tahereh Donyavi, Saba Garshasbi, Qasem Asgari, Borna Salemi
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(1): 159. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and serointensity and cognitive function in adults
Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Evan L. Thacker, Elizabeth L. Mitchell, Bruce L. Brown, Dawson W. Hedges, Mathieu Nacher
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(10): e0008733. CrossRef
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Rahman Abdizadeh, Sharif Maraghi, Ata A. Ghadiri, Mehdi Tavalla, Saeedeh Shojaee
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Gene Cloning, Expression and Immunogenicity of the Protective Antigen Subolesin in Dermacentor silvarum: Yonghong Hu, Hua Zeng, Jincheng Zhang, Duo Wang, Dongming Li, Tiantian Zhang, Shujie Yang, Jingze Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):93-97.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.93

Abstract
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Subolesin (4D8), the ortholog of insect akirins, is a highly conserved protective antigen and thus has the potential for development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against ticks and mosquitoes. To date, no protective antigens have been characterized nor tested as candidate vaccines against Dermacentor silvarum bites and transmission of associated pathogens. In this study, we cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of D. silvarum 4D8 cDNA (Ds4D8), which consisted of 498 bp encoding 165 amino acid residues. The results of sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that D. silvarum 4D8 (Ds4D8) is highly conserved showing more than 81% identity of amino acid sequences with those of other hard ticks. Additionally, Ds4D8 containing restriction sites was ligated into the pET-32(a+) expression vector and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli rosetta. The recombinant Ds4D8 (rDs4D8) was induced by isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified using Ni affinity chromatography. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the molecular weight of rDs4D8 was 40 kDa, which was consistent with the expected molecular mass considering 22 kDa histidine-tagged thioredoxin (TRX) protein from the expression vector. Western blot results showed that rabbit anti-D. silvarum serum recognized the expressed rDs4D8, suggesting an immune response against rDs4D8. These results provided the basis for developing a candidate vaccine against D. silvarum ticks and transmission of associated pathogens.

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Subolesin gene structure and mRNA isoform diversity in South African R. microplus ticks: Relevance for understanding subolesin-based tick vaccines
Elsje Christine Rabie, Christine Maritz-Olivier
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Screening and Identification of Antigenic Proteins from the Hard Tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Tiantian Zhang, Xuejiao Cui, Jincheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Meng Wu, Hua Zeng, Yuanyuan Cao, Jingze Liu, Yonghong Hu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 789. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Serodiagnosis of Toxocariasis by ELISA Using Crude Antigen of Toxocara canis Larvae: Yan Jin, Chenghua Shen, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):433-439.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.433

Abstract
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Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.

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Screening and Molecular Cloning of a Protective Antigen from the Midgut of Haemaphysalis longicornis: Yonghong Hu, Jincheng Zhang, Shujie Yang, Hui Wang, Hua Zeng, Tiantian Zhang, Jingze Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):327-334.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.327

Abstract
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Vaccination is considered a promising alternative for controlling tick infestations. Haemaphysalis longicornis midgut proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane were screened for protective value against bites. The western blot demonstrated the immunogenicity of 92 kDa protein (P92). The analysis of the P92 amino acid sequence by LC-MS/MS indicated that it was a H. longicornis paramyosin (Hl-Pmy). The full lenghth cDNA of Hl-Pmy was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) which consisted of 2,783 bp with a 161 bp 3' untranslated region. Sequence alignment of tick paramyosin (Pmy) showed that Hl-Pmy shared a high level of conservation among ticks. Comparison with the protective epitope sequence of other invertebrate Pmy, it was calculated that the protective epitope of Hl-Pmy was a peptide (LEEAEGSSETVVEMNKKRDTE) named LEE, which was close to the N-terminal of Hl-Pmy protein. The secondary structure analysis suggested that LEE had non-helical segments within an α-helical structure. These results provide the basis for developing a vaccine against biting H. longicornis ticks.

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The current strategies and underlying mechanisms in the control of the vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis: Implications for future integrated management
Chuks F. Nwanade, Min Wang, Sisi Li, Zhijun Yu, Jingze Liu
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Evaluation on two types of paramyosin vaccines for the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis infestations in rabbits
Pin-Xing Wu, Xue-Jiao Cui, Mi-Xue Cao, Li-Hong Lv, Hong-Meng Dong, Shu-Wen Xiao, Jing-Ze Liu, Yong-Hong Hu
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Fang Wang, Duo Wang, Chao-Zhong Jiang, Na Liang, Yong-Hong Hu, Jing-Ze Liu
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Tian-Tian Zhang, Jin-Cheng Zhang, Xue-Jiao Cui, Jing-Jing Zheng, Ru Li, Fang Wang, Jing-Ze Liu, Yong-Hong Hu
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Tiantian Zhang, Xuejiao Cui, Jincheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Meng Wu, Hua Zeng, Yuanyuan Cao, Jingze Liu, Yonghong Hu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 789. CrossRef

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Serodiagnosis of Echinococcosis by ELISA Using Cystic Fluid from Uzbekistan Sheep: Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khajibaev, Samin Hong, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):313-317.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.313

Abstract
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According to increase of travel, the cases of imported echinococcosis have been increasing in Korea. The present study was undertaken to develop a serodiagnostic system for echinococcosis in Korea. For diagnosis of echinococcosis, the fluid of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts was collected from naturally infected sheep in Uzbekistan. Also serum samples of infected patients who were surgically confirmed were collected in a hospital in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. According to the absorbance of 59 echinococcosis positive and 39 negative control serum samples, the cut-off value was determined as 0.27. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with hydatid fluid antigen were 91.5% and 96%, respectively. The antigen cross-reacted with the serum of some cysticercosis or clonorchiasis patients. However, immunoblot analysis on the cystic fluid recognized antigenic proteins of 7-, 16-, and 24-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. In conclusion, the present ELISA system using hydatid cyst fluid antigen from Uzbekistan sheep is sensitive and specific for diagnosis of echinococcosis cases.

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Sung-Tae Hong, Yan Jin, Khikmat Anvarov, Abdukhakim Khadjibaev, Samin Hong, Yusufjon Ahmedov, Utkir Otaboev
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(3): 383. CrossRef

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Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Carrying Eimeria maxima Gam56 Antigen Gene against Coccidiosis in Chickens: Jinjun Xu, Yan Zhang, Jianping Tao; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):147-154.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.147

Abstract
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To control coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, a DNA vaccine targeting the gametophyte antigen Gam56 from Eimeria maxima in chickens was constructed, and the immunogenicity and protective effects were evaluated. The ORF of Gam56 gene was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(zeo)+. Expression of Gam56 protein in COS-7 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA-Gam56 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly to yellow feathered broilers of 1-week old at 3 dosages (25, 50, and 100 ?g/chick). Injection was repeated once 1 week later. One week after the second injection, birds were challenged orally with 5×10⁴ sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, then weighed and killed at day 8 post challenge. Blood samples were collected and examined for specific peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum antibody levels. Compared with control groups, the administration of pcDNA-Gam56 vaccine markedly increased the lymphocyte proliferation activity (P<0.05) at day 7 and 14 after the first immunization. The level of lymphocyte proliferation started to decrease on day 21 after the first immunization. A similar trend was seen in specific antibody levels. Among the 3 pcDNA-Gam56 immunized groups, the median dosage group displayed the highest lymphocyte proliferation and antibody levels (P<0.05). The median dosage group had the greatest relative body weight gain (89.7%), and the greatest oocyst shedding reduction (53.7%). These results indicate that median dosage of DNA vaccine had good immunogenicity and immune protection effects, and may be used in field applications for coccidiosis control.

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T Regulatory Cell Responses to Immunization with a Soluble Egg Antigen in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice: Eman El-Ahwany, Ibrahim Rabia Bauiomy, Faten Nagy, Rabab Zalat, Ola Mahmoud, Suher Zada; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):29-35.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.29

Abstract
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The aim of the study is to characterize the phenotypes of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ T regulatory cells within the liver granulomas and association with both Foxp-3 gene expression and splenic cytokines. Na?ve C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with multiple doses of the soluble egg antigen (SEA) 7 days before cercarial infection. The immunized and infected control groups were sacrificed 8 and 16 weeks post-infection (PI). Histopathology, parasitological parameters, splenic phenotypes for T regulatory cells, the FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granuloma using real-time PCR, and the associated splenic cytokines were studied. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed remarkable increase in degenerated ova within hepatic granuloma which decreased in diameter at weeks 8 and 16 PI (P<0.01). The percentage of T regulatory cells (CD4⁺ CD25⁺) increased significantly (P<0.01) in the immunized group compared to the infected control at weeks 8 and 16 PI. The FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granulomas increased from 10 at week 8 to 30 fold at week 16 PI in the infected control group. However, its expression in the immunized group showed an increase from 30 at week 8 to 70 fold at week 16 PI. The splenic cytokine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α, showed significant decreases (P<0.05) compared to the infected control group. In conclusion, the magnitude and phenotype of the egg-induced effects on T helper responses were found to be controlled by a parallel response within the T regulatory population which provides protection in worm parasite-induced immunopathology.

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O. E. Mazur, A. S. Fomina
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Youxiang Zhang, De-Hui Xiong, Yangyang Li, Guina Xu, Baoxin Zhang, Yang Liu, Shan Zhang, Qing Huang, Simin Chen, Fansheng Zeng, Jingyi Guo, Bin Li, Zhiqiang Qin, Zuping Zhang, Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
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Chun-lian Tang, Yan-ru Gao, Li-xia Wang, Ya-wen Zhu, Qun Pan, Rong-hui Zhang, Ying Xiong
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2019; 491: 110434. CrossRef
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Sha Zhou, Xin Jin, Xiaojun Chen, Jifeng Zhu, Zhipeng Xu, Xuefeng Wang, Feng Liu, Wei Hu, Liang Zhou, Chuan Su, Susmit Suvas
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Morphological features of cellular responses to different rates of trematode Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotilidae) invasion in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
O. E. Mazur, A. S. Fomina
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A Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Apical Membrane Antigen-1 to Detect Human Infection in Iran: Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Mohammad Reza Khoramizade, Mehdi Nateghpour, Mehdi Mohebali, Gholam Hossein Edrissian, Mohammad Reza Eshraghian, Zargham Sepehrizadeh; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):15-21.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.15

Abstract
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In Iran, Plasmodium vivax is responsible for more than 80% of the infected cases of malaria per year. Control interventions for vivax malaria in humans rely mainly on developed diagnostic methods. Recombinant P. vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (rPvAMA-1) has been reported to achieve designing rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to perform isolation and expression of a rPvAMA-1, derived from Iranian patients residing in an endemic area. Then, the diagnostic efficiency of the characterized Iranian PvAMA-1 was assessed using an indirect ELISA method. For this purpose, a partial region of AMA-1 gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in pET32a plasmid. The recombinant His-tagged protein was purified and used to coat the ELISA plate. Antibody detection was assessed by indirect ELISA using rPvAMA-1. The validity of the ELISA method for detection of anti-P. vivax antibodies in the field was compared to light microscopy on 84 confirmed P. vivax patients and compared to 84 non-P. vivax infected individuals. The ELISA cut-off value was calculated as the mean+2SD of OD values of the people living in malaria endemic areas from a south part of Iran. We found a cut-off point of OD=0.311 that showed the best correlation between the sera confirmed with P. vivax infection and healthy control sera. A sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 84.5% were found at this cut off titer. A good degree of statistical agreement was found between ELISA using rPvAMA-1 and light microscopy (0.827) by Kappa analysis.

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Immunogenic and diagnostic potential of recombinant apical membrane antigen-1 from Plasmodium malariae
Moyan Li, Tingting Liu, Yuerong Wang, Luwen Zhang, Fanbo Lu, Jinxing Xia, Meijuan Zheng, Min Zhang, Bo Wang, Yuanhong Xu
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2024; 110(3): 116480. CrossRef
A Dual, Systematic Approach to Malaria Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery
Seda Yerlikaya, Ewurama D A Owusu, Augustina Frimpong, Robert Kirk DeLisle, Xavier C Ding
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2022; 74(1): 40. CrossRef
Structure-genetic diversity and recombinant protein of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of vivax malaria antigen: A potential malaria vaccine candidate
Vahid Raissi, Soudabeh Etemadi, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Ahmad Mehravaran, Omid Raiesi
Gene Reports.2021; 23: 101132. CrossRef
Serological responses to a soluble recombinant circumsporozoite protein-VK210 of Plasmodium vivax (rPvCSP-VK210) among Iranian malaria patients
Mehdi Nateghpour, Soudabeh Etemadi, Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Hamid Eslami, Mehdi Mohebali, Leila Farivar
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The immunology of Plasmodium vivax malaria
Lis R. Antonelli, Caroline Junqueira, Joseph M Vinetz, Douglas T. Golenbock, Marcelo U. Ferreira, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
Immunological Reviews.2020; 293(1): 163. CrossRef
Blood-stage Plasmodium vivax antibody dynamics in a low transmission setting: A nine year follow-up study in the Amazon region
Camilla V. Pires, Jessica R. S. Alves, Barbara A. S. Lima, Ruth B. Paula, Helena L. Costa, Leticia M. Torres, Taís N. Sousa, Irene S. Soares, Bruno A. M. Sanchez, Cor J. F. Fontes, Francis B. Ntumngia, John H. Adams, Flora S. Kano, Luzia H. Carvalho, Gerh
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(11): e0207244. CrossRef
What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates?
Carolina López, Yoelis Yepes-Pérez, Natalia Hincapié-Escobar, Diana Díaz-Arévalo, Manuel A. Patarroyo
Frontiers in Immunology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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Parthasarathy Sonaimuthu, Fei Wen Cheong, Lit Chein Chin, Rohela Mahmud, Mun Yik Fong, Yee Ling Lau
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Immunogenicity of bacterial-expressed recombinant Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite surface protein-142 (MSP-142)
Fei Wen Cheong, Mun Yik Fong, Yee Ling Lau, Rohela Mahmud
Malaria Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yee Ling Lau, Fei Wen Cheong, Rohela Mahmud, Mun Yik Fong
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2013; 88(5): 835. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

CD8⁺ T-cell Activation in Mice Injected with a Plasmid DNA Vaccine Encoding AMA-1 of the Reemerging Korean Plasmodium vivax: Hyo-Jin Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jin-Joo Lee, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Tae Yun Kim, Byung-il Choi, Tae Woo Kim, Hajime Hisaeda, Kunisuke Himeno, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):85-90.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.85

Abstract
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Relatively little has been studied on the AMA-1 vaccine against Plasmodium vivax and on the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding P. vivax AMA-1 (PvAMA-1). In the present study, a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax has been constructed and a preliminary study was done on its cellular immunogenicity to recipient BALB/c mice. The PvAMA-1 gene was cloned and expressed in the plasmid vector UBpcAMA-1, and a protein band of approximately 56.8 kDa was obtained from the transfected COS7 cells. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly or using a gene gun 4 times with the vaccine, and the proportions of splenic T-cell subsets were examined by fluorocytometry at week 2 after the last injection. The spleen cells from intramuscularly injected mice revealed no significant changes in the proportions of CD8⁺ T-cells and CD4⁺ T-cells. However, in mice immunized using a gene gun, significantly higher (P<0.05) proportions of CD8⁺ cells were observed compared to UB vector-injected control mice. The results indicated that cellular immunogenicity of the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax was weak when it was injected intramuscularly; however, a promising effect was observed using the gene gun injection technique.

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Takashi Imai, Ha Ngo-Thanh, Kazutomo Suzue, Aoi Shimo, Akihiro Nakamura, Yutaka Horiuchi, Hajime Hisaeda, Takashi Murakami
Vaccines.2022; 10(5): 762. CrossRef
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Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Leoneide Érica Maduro Bouillet, Mariana Oliveira Dias, Natália Alves Dorigo, Andrew Douglas Moura, Bruce Russell, Francois Nosten, Laurent Renia, Érika Martins Braga, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Maurício M. Rodrigues, Irene S. Soares, Oscar Bruna-Romero, J
Infection and Immunity.2011; 79(9): 3642. CrossRef

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Identification of Antigenic Proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis: Hye-Yeon Lee, Sujin Hyung, Jong Woong Lee, Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):79-83.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.79

Abstract
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Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. To study the virulence factors of this pathogen, T. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of T. vaginalis. The T. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cDNA derived from mRNA of T. vaginalis into a phage λ Uni-ZAP XR vector, and then used for immunoscreening with the anti-membrane proteins of T. vaginalis antibodies. The immunoreactive proteins identified included adhesion protein AP65-1, α-actinin, kinesin-associated protein, teneurin, and 2 independent hypothetical proteins. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AP65-1, one of the identified immunogenic clones, is prevalent in the whole body of T. vaginalis. This study led us to identify T. vaginalis proteins which may stimulate immune responses by human cells.

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Jung Won Kim, Ji Seok Lee, Yu Jung Choi, Chaekyun Kim
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Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Julio César Torres‐Romero, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Antonio Euan‐Canto, Leidi Cristal Alvarez‐Sánchez
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Antonio Euan‐Canto, Julio César Torres‐Romero, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Laura Vázquez‐Carrillo, Leidi Alvarez‐Sánchez
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Trichomonas vaginalis adhesion protein 65 (TvAP65) modulates parasite pathogenicity by interacting with host cell proteins
Zhenchao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Song, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Fakun Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Xuefang Mei, Shuai Wang
Acta Tropica.2023; 246: 106996. CrossRef
The molecular characterization and immune protection of adhesion protein 65 (AP65) of Trichomonas vaginalis
Zhenchao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Song, Zhengbo Zhang, Haoran Li, Yujuan Duan, Hao Zhang, Haoran Lu, Chengyang Luo, Mingyong Wang
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 152: 104750. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin 2 Modulates Host Immune Responses by Inducing Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells via IL-10 Production from Regulatory T Cells
Hye-Yeon Lee, Juri Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 375. CrossRef
TvMP50 is an Immunogenic Metalloproteinase during Male Trichomoniasis
Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados, José Luis Villalpando, Laura Isabel Vázquez-Carrillo, Rossana Arroyo, Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández, María Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez
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Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men
Calvin J. Neace, J. F. Alderete
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2013; 51(8): 2483. CrossRef

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155 Download
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Suppressed CD31 Expression in Sarcoma-180 Tumors after Injection with Toxoplasma gondii Lysate Antigen in BALB/c Mice: Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):171-174.
Published online June 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.171

Abstract
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The anti-tumorigenic effects of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) antigens were studied in a murine sarcoma-180 tumor model. To determine the anti-tumor effects, the reduction in tumor size and expression of CD31 (an angiogenesis marker in the tumor tissue) were examined after injection of BALB/c mice with T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) or formalin-fixed, proliferation-inhibited, T. gondii tachyzoites. Tumors were successfully produced by an intradermal injection of sarcoma-180 cells with plain Matrigel in the mid-backs of mice. After injection with TLA or formalin-fixed T. gondii tachyzoites, the increase in tumor size and weight nearly stopped while tumor growth continued in control mice that were injected with PBS. CD31 expression in TLA-treated or formalin-fixed T. gondii-injected mice was lower than the control mice. Accordingly, the present study shows that the treatment of mice with formalin-fixed T. gondii or TLA in the murine sarcoma-180 tumor model results in a decrease of both tumor size and CD31 expression.

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Antigenemia and Specific IgM and IgG Antibody Responses in Rabbits Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Juan Hua Quan, Hassan Ahmed Hassan, Guang-Ho Cha, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):409-412.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.409

Abstract
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In this experiment, the correlation between antigenemia and specific antibody responses in Toxoplasma gondii-infected rabbits was assessed. We injected 1,000 T. gondii tachyzoites (RH) subcutaneously into 5 rabbits. Parasitemia, circulating antigens, and IgM and IgG antibody titers in blood were tested by ELISA and immunoblot. For detection of parasitemia, mice were injected with blood from rabbits infected with T. gondii and mice died between days 2 and 10 post-infection (PI). Circulating antigens were detected early on day 2 PI, and the titers increased from day 4 PI and peaked on day 12 PI. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody titers increased on day 6 PI and peaked on days 14-16 PI. IgG was detected from day 10 PI, and the titers increased continuously during the experiment. The antigenic protein patterns differed during the infection period, and the number of bands increased with ongoing infection by the immunoblot analysis. These result indicated that Toxoplasma circulating antigens during acute toxoplasmosis are closely related to the presence of parasites in blood. Also, the circulating antigen levels were closely correlated with IgM titers, but not with IgG titers. Therefore, co-detection of circulating antigens with IgM antibodies may improve the reliability of the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis.

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Original Article

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Paramyosin from Clonorchis sinensis: Tae-Joon Park, Jung-Mi Kang, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):359-367.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.359

Abstract
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Paramyosin is a myofibrillar protein present in helminth parasites and plays multifunctional roles in host-parasite interactions. In this study, we identified the gene encoding paramyosin of Clonorchis sinensis (CsPmy) and characterized biochemical and immunological properties of its recombinant protein. CsPmy showed a high level of sequence identity with paramyosin from other helminth parasites. Recombinant CsPmy (rCsPmy) expressed in bacteria had an approximate molecular weight of 100 kDa and bound both human collagen and complement 9. The protein was constitutively expressed in various developmental stages of the parasite. Imunofluorescence analysis revealed that CsPmy was mainly localized in the tegument, subtegumental muscles, and the muscle layer surrounding the intestine of the parasite. The rCsPmy showed high levels of positive reactions (74.6%, 56/75) against sera from patients with clonorchiasis. Immunization of experimental rats with rCsPmy evoked high levels of IgG production. These results collectively suggest that CsPmy is a multifunctional protein that not only contributes to the muscle layer structure but also to non-muscular functions in host-parasite interactions. Successful induction of host IgG production also suggests that CsPmy can be applied as a diagnostic antigen and/or vaccine candidate for clonorchiasis.

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Mini Reviews

Functional Genes and Proteins of Clonorchis sinensis: Tae Im Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Jong Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S59.
Published online October 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S59

Abstract
PDF

During the past several decades, researches on parasite genetics have progressed from biochemical and serodiagnostic studies to protein chemistry, molecular biology, and functional gene studies. Nowadays, bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics approaches are being applied by Korean parasitology researchers. As for Clonorchis sinensis, investigations have been carried out to identify its functional genes using forward and reverse genetic approaches and to characterize the biochemical and biological properties of its gene products. The authors review the proteins of cloned genes, which include antigenic proteins, physiologic and metabolic enzymes, and the gene expression profile of Clonorchis sinensis.

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Identification, immunolocalization, and characterization analyses of an exopeptidase of papain superfamily, (cathepsin C) from Clonorchis sinensis
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Adult Opisthorchis felineus major protein fractions deduced from transcripts: Comparison with liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis
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Biochemical characterization and functional analysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from Clonorchis sinensis
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Developmental Transcriptomic Features of the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke, Clonorchis sinensis
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Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivax: Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S51.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S51

Abstract
PDF

Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan malaria parasite of humans, represents a major public health concern in the Republic of Korea (= South Korea). However, little is known about the genetic properties and population structures of the P. vivax isolates circulating in South Korea. This article reviews known polymorphic genetic markers in South Korean isolates of P. vivax and briefly summarizes the current issues surrounding the gene and population structures of this parasite. The critical genetic characteristics of major antigens of the parasite, such as circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-3, Duffy binding protein (DBP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and GAM-1, are also discussed.

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Daniel Kepple, Kareen Pestana, Junya Tomida, Abnet Abebe, Lemu Golassa, Eugenia Lo
Microorganisms.2020; 9(1): 15. CrossRef
Identification of an Immunogenic Broadly Inhibitory Surface Epitope of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein Ligand Domain
Miriam T. George, Jesse L. Schloegel, Francis B. Ntumngia, Samantha J. Barnes, Christopher L. King, Joanne L. Casey, Michael Foley, John H. Adams, Photini Sinnis
mSphere.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and effect of natural selection at apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) among Iranian Plasmodium vivax isolates
Ahmad Reza Esmaeili Rastaghi, Fatemeh Nedaei, Hossein Nahrevanian, Nazanin Hoseinkhan
Folia Parasitologica.2014; 61(5): 385. CrossRef
The association of Duffy binding protein region II polymorphisms and its antigenicity in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand
Patchanee Chootong, Amy M. McHenry, Francis B. Ntumngia, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, John H. Adams
Parasitology International.2014; 63(6): 858. CrossRef
First imported relapse case of Plasmodium vivax malaria and analysis of its origin by CSP sequencing in Henan Province, China
Ying Liu, Hong-wei Zhang, Rui-min Zhou, Cheng-yun Yang, Dan Qian, Yu-ling Zhao, Bian-li Xu
Malaria Journal.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Microsatellite DNA Analysis Revealed a Drastic Genetic Change of Plasmodium vivax Population in the Republic of Korea During 2002 and 2003
Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, So-Jung Park, Ga-Young Lee, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano, Shan Lv
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2013; 7(10): e2522. CrossRef
Population Structure and Transmission Dynamics of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea Based on Microsatellite DNA Analysis
Moritoshi Iwagami, Megumi Fukumoto, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano, Mehmet Ali Ozcel
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2012; 6(4): e1592. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax populations revisited: mitochondrial genomes of temperate strains in Asia suggest ancient population expansion
Miao Miao, Zhaoqing Yang, Harland Patch, Yaming Huang, Ananias A Escalante, Liwang Cui
BMC Evolutionary Biology.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea: haplotype network analysis based on the parasite's mitochondrial genome
Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, Megumi Fukumoto, Toshiyuki Hayakawa, Kazuyuki Tanabe, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano
Malaria Journal.2010;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

A Survey of Intestinal Protozoan Infections among Gastroenteritis Patients during a 3-Year Period (2004-2006) in Gyeonggi-do (Province), South Korea: Jeong-Weon Huh, Su-Gyeong Moon, Young-Hee Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):303-305.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.303

Abstract
PDF

The incidence and etiology of parasite-associated gastroenteritis during 2004-2006 in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea was determined by means of antigen detection ELISA on 6,071 stool specimens collected from 6 general hospitals. At least 1 parasitic agent was detected in 3.4% (208/6,071) of the stool samples. Among these, Giardia lamblia was the most numerous (152 cases; 2.5%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25 cases; 0.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (23 cases; 0.4%), and mixed infections (8 cases; 0.1%). Patients aged 1-5 years had the largest proportion (69.2%; 144/208) of parasite-positive stool specimens. Parasite-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from June to September. The detection rate gradually increased from 2004 to 2006. This study shows that parasite-mediated gastroenteritis may be significant among children in Korea and that parasite infection surveillance should be constantly performed.

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Molecular Prevalence and Genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Korea, 2013-2016
Da-Won Ma, Myoung-Ro Lee, Sung-Hee Hong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(5): 531. CrossRef
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Leila Asadi, Tala Pourlak, Behrooz Ahmadi, Mina Aghamali, Mohammad Asgharzadeh, Mohammad Aghazadeh, Elham Zeinalzadeh, Hossein Samadi Kafil
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Ultrastructural Localization of Cryptosporidium parvum Antigen Using Human Patients Sera: Jong-Gyu Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):171-174.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.171

Abstract
PDF

The antigen location of Cryptosporidium parvum, which stimulates antibody formation in humans and animals, was investigated using infected human sera. Immuno-electron microscopy revealed that antigenicity-inducing humoral immunity was located at various developmental stages of parasites, including asexual, sexual stages, and oocysts. The amount of antigen-stimulating IgG antibodies was particularly high on the oocyst wall. The sporozoite surface was shown to give stimulation on IgG and IgM antibody formation. Trophozoites implicated the lowest antigenicity to humoral immunity, both IgG and IgM, by showing the least amount of gold labeling. Immunogold labeling also provided clues that antigens were presented to the host-cell cytoplasm via feeder organelles and host-parasite junctions.

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Cryptostatin, a chagasin-family cysteine protease inhibitor ofCryptosporidium parvum
J.-M. KANG, H.-L. JU, J.-R. YU, W.-M. SOHN, B.-K. NA
Parasitology.2012; 139(8): 1029. CrossRef

9,813 View
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Original Article

Serum Antigen and Antibody Detection in Echinococcosis: Application in Serodiagnosis of Human Hydatidosis: Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi, Farzaneh Sedaghat, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Bahador Sarkari; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):153-157.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.153

Abstract
PDF

Diagnosis of hydatidosis is based on immunodiagnostic methods along with radiological and ultrasound examinations. The
objective
s of the present study were to develop a specific and simple antigen-based ELISA method for diagnosis of hydatidosis and compare it with antibody detection method. The subjects in this study included 89 patients in the following groups: surgically confirmed hydatidosis patients (35 cases), control with other parasitic diseases (29 cases), and healthy controls (25 cases). Hyperimmune serum was raised against hydatid cyst fluid in rabbits. Anti-hydatid cyst IgG was purified by affinity chromatography using protein A column and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Collected sera were assessed for hydatid cyst antigens and antibody by ELISA. Circulating hydatid antigen was found in 9 out of 35 patients with surgically confirmed hydatidosis. A sensitivity of 25.7% and a specificity of 98.0% were calculated for the antigen detection assay. Antibody detection by indirect ELISA, using antigen B, showed that 94.2% of patients (33 cases) have anti-hydatid cyst antibodies in their serum while cross reaction was noted in a few of non-hydatidosis patients. A sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 81.6% were found for the antibody detection assay. Findings of this study indicated that antibody detection assay is a sensitive approach for diagnosis of hydatid cyst while antigen detection assay might be a useful approach for assessment of the efficacy of treatment especially after removal of the cyst.

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Brief Communications

Ultrastructural Localization of Toxocara canis Larval Antigen Reacted with a Seropositive Human Serum: Soo-Ung Lee, Jae-Ran Yu, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(1):65-68.
Published online March 12, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.65

Abstract
PDF

Excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis larvae have been considered as a major functional antigen in immune responses against toxocariasis. We studied ultrastructural localization of T. canis second-stage larval antigen using a seropositive human serum under immunogold electron microscopy. High-density gold particles were observed in the secretory cells, excretory duct, intestinal epithelium, and cuticle of the larval worm sections. The distribution of the positive reactions in the larval worms suggests that the nature of the antigen is excretory-secretory antigen including waste metabolites and secretory enzymes.

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Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models
Mahsa Shahbakhsh, Fateme Jalousian, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Parviz Shayan, Samad Farashi Bonab, Parmida Malekzade, Mohammad Vojgani, Mahya Lalehpour
Journal of Neuroimmunology.2025; 402: 578569. CrossRef
Producción y evaluación del antígeno recombinante Tes-30 de Toxocara canis para el inmunodiagnóstico de toxocariasis
Ana M. Olave, Jairo A. Mesa, Jorge H. Botero, Edwin B. Patiño, Gisela M. García, Juan F. Alzate
Biomédica.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluación de un antígeno purificado para el diagnóstico de toxocariosis
Graciela Santillán, Vanesa Bastin, Graciela Céspedes, Adriana Monkiewicz
Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2013; 45(2): 80. CrossRef
Frequency of unexpected antibody and consideration during transfusion
Ki-Ho Ko, Byung-Hoon Yoo, Kye-Min Kim, Woo-Yong Lee, Jun-Heum Yon, Ki-Hyuk Hong, Tae-Hee Han
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.2012; 62(5): 412. CrossRef

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High Levels of Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Liver Stage Antigen-1 in Naturally Infected Individuals in Myanmar: Hyeong-Woo Lee, Sung-Ung Moon, Yeon-Joo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Khin Lin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):195-198.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.195

Abstract
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Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 (PfLSA-1) is one of the few antigens expressed exclusively in liver stage parasites. In this study, we evaluated the antibody responses against recombinant PfLSA-1 in naturally infected individuals in Myanmar. High levels of antibody responses (70.7%) were detected in 82 serum samples from 116 infected individuals, and IgG responses to PfLSA-1 principally composed of responses of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. These results show that PfLSA-1 elicits effective antibody responses in individuals infected with P. falciparum, and thus it could be not only an attractive candidate protein for vaccine development, but also a useful antigen for serodiagnosis of the infection.

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High-density Peptide Arrays Help to Identify Linear Immunogenic B-cell Epitopes in Individuals Naturally Exposed to Malaria Infection
Thomas Jaenisch, Kirsten Heiss, Nico Fischer, Carolin Geiger, F. Ralf Bischoff, Gerhard Moldenhauer, Leszek Rychlewski, Ali Sié, Boubacar Coulibaly, Peter H. Seeberger, Lucjan S. Wyrwicz, Frank Breitling, Felix F. Loeffler
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2019; 18(4): 642. CrossRef
Comparison of the antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum antigens in residents of Mandalay, Myanmar
Tong-Soo Kim, Hyung-Hwan Kim, Jung-Yeon Kim, Yoon Kong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Khin Lin, Sung-Ung Moon, Yeon-Joo Kim, Myoung-Hee Kwon, Youngjoo Sohn, Hyuck Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee
Malaria Journal.2011;[Epub] CrossRef

8,103 View
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Original Article

Antibody Responses to Cryptosporidium Antigen in HIV-positive Patients in the Republic of Korea: Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai, Yung-Oh Shin, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):71-75.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.71

Abstract
PDF

The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis has been carried out using coprologic techniques in the Republic of Korea. However, antibody responses to Cryptosporidium have rarely been studied. Serum antibodies from HIV-positive/oocyst-positive Korean patients recognized significantly 31 and 27 kDa antigens, and HIV-negative/oocyst-positive individuals clearly reacted to 15/17 kDa antigens. Compared with oocyst-positive cases, 18.7% and 75.8% of sera from HIV-positive patients reacted to 31 and 27 kDa antigens. Only 11.1% of HIV-negative individuals reacted to 15/17 kDa. Based on these findings, serum antibody responses were different between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals infected with Cryptosporidium, and it is suggested that HIV-positive patients are more frequently exposed to C. parvum compared to HIV-negative individuals.

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Review of Successful Control of Parasitic Infections in Korea
Sung-Tae Hong, Tai-Soon Yong
Infection & Chemotherapy.2020; 52(3): 427. CrossRef
Systemic Antibody Responses to the Immunodominant p23 Antigen and p23 Polymorphisms in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh
Edward T. Ryan, Elena Naumova, Mohammad M. Karim, Anoli J. Borad, Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur, Honorine D. Ward, Gagandeep Kang, Joy Moy, Geneve M. Allison, Stephen B. Calderwood, Sabeena Ahmed, Patricia L. Hibberd, Anne V. Kane, Wasif A. Khan, David Wang
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2012; 86(2): 214. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Evaluation of the Korean Isolate-1 Tachyzoite Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: Eun-Hee Shin, Dong-Hee Kim, Aifen Lin, Jo-Woon-Yi Lee, Hyo-Jin Kim, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(1):45-48.
Published online March 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.45

Abstract
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To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) antigen for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis, antigen profiles of KI-1 tachyzoites were analyzed in comparison with RH tachyzoites by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. ELISA was performed on latex agglutination (LA)-positive and negative serum samples using KI-1 and RH antigens. Immunoblotting of the KI-1 antigen showed multiple antigen bands with molecular sizes of 22-105 kDa. Among them, 1 and 6 common bands were noted against a KI-1-infected and a RH-infected human serum, respectively, which represented differences in antigenic profiles between KI-1 and RH tachyzoites. However, all 9 LA-positive human sera were found positive by ELISA, and all 12 LA-negative sera were negative by ELISA; the correlation between the ELISA titers and LA titers was high (r = 0.749). Our results suggest that tachyzoites of KI-1 may be useful for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis.

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Resistance toToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Mice Treated with Silk Protein by Enhanced Immune Responses
Joung-Ho Moon, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyang Sook Chun, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 303. CrossRef

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Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes: Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):287-293.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.287

Abstract
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The identification and characterization of antigens that elicit human T cell responses is an important step toward understanding of Leishmania major infection and ultimately in the development of a vaccine. Micropreparative SDS-PAGE followed by electrotransfer to a PVDF membrane and elution of proteins from the PVDF, was used to separate 2 novel proteins from L. major promastigotes, which can induce antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in mice and also are recognized by antisera of recovered human cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. Fractionation of the crude extract of L. major revealed that all detectable proteins of interest were present within the soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA). Quantitation of these proteins showed that their expression in promastigotes is relatively very low. Considering the molecular weight, immunoreactivity, chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior in reducing and non-reducing conditions, these proteins are probably 2 isoforms of a single protein. A digest of these proteins was resolved on Tricine-SDS-PAGE and immunoreactive fragments were identified by human sera. Two immunoreactive fragments (36.4 and 34.8 kDa) were only generated by endoproteinase Glu-C treatment. These immunoreactive fragments or their parent molecules may be ideal candidates for incorporation in a cocktail vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Highly Effective Serodiagnosis for Chagas' Disease
Pilar Hernández, Michael Heimann, Cristina Riera, Marco Solano, José Santalla, Alejandro O. Luquetti, Ewald Beck
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2010; 17(10): 1598. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Usefulness of the recombinant liver stage antigen-3 for an early serodiagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection: Hyeong-Woo Lee, Sung-Ung Moon, Hye-Sun Ryu, Yeon-Joo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Gyung-Tae Chung, Khin Lin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Yoon Kong, Kyung-Suk Chung, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):49-54.
Published online March 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.49

Abstract
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In order to develop tools for an early serodiagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection, we evaluated the usefulness of P. falciparum liver stage antigen-3 (LSA-3) as a serodiagnostic antigen. A portion of LSA-3 gene was cloned, and its recombinant protein (rLSA-3) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by column chromatography. The purified rLSA-3 and 120 test blood/serum samples collected from inhabitants in malaria-endemic areas of Mandalay, Myanmar were used for this study. In microscopic examinations of blood samples, P. falciparum positive rate was 39.1% (47/120) in thin smear trials, and 33.3% (40/120) in thick smear trials. Although the positive rate associated with the rLSA-3 (30.8%) was lower than that of the blood stage antigens (70.8%), rLSA-3 based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay could detect 12 seropositive cases (10.0%), in which blood stage antigens were not detected. These results indicate that the LSA-3 is a useful antigen for an early serodiagnosis of P. falciparum infection.

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Development of new real-time PCR assays for detection and species differentiation of Plasmodium ovale
Wenqiao He, Rachel Sendor, Varun R. Potlapalli, Melchior M. Kashamuka, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Fernandine Phanzu, Albert Kalonji, Billy Ngasala, Kyaw Lay Thwai, Jonathan J. Juliano, Jessica T. Lin, Jonathan B. Parr, Georges Snounou
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(9): e0011759. CrossRef
First characterization of Plasmodium vivax liver stage antigen (PvLSA) using synthetic peptides
Youn-Kyoung Goo, Eun-Jeong Seo, Yeon-kyung Choi, Hyun-Il Shin, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, So-Young Ji, Chom-Kyu Chong, Shin-Hyung Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Jung-Yeon Kim
Parasites & Vectors.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of the antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum antigens in residents of Mandalay, Myanmar
Tong-Soo Kim, Hyung-Hwan Kim, Jung-Yeon Kim, Yoon Kong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Khin Lin, Sung-Ung Moon, Yeon-Joo Kim, Myoung-Hee Kwon, Youngjoo Sohn, Hyuck Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee
Malaria Journal.2011;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of exposure to Plasmodium falciparum transmission in a low endemicity area by using multiplex fluorescent microsphere-based serological assays
Jean Biram Sarr, Eve Orlandi-Pradines, Sonia Fortin, Cheikh Sow, Sylvie Cornelie, François Rogerie, Soihibou Guindo, Lassana Konate, Thierry Fusaï, Gilles Riveau, Christophe Rogier, Franck Remoue
Parasites & Vectors.2011;[Epub] CrossRef
The malaria candidate vaccine liver stage antigen-3 is highly conserved in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from diverse geographical areas
Eric Prieur, Pierre Druilhe
Malaria Journal.2009;[Epub] CrossRef
High Levels of Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Liver Stage Antigen-1 in Naturally Infected Individuals in Myanmar
Hyeong-Woo Lee, Sung-Ung Moon, Yeon-Joo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Khin Lin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(3): 195. CrossRef
Liver stage antigen 3 isolated from a cDNA library of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages
Eva M. Moyano, Luis Miguel González, Susana Arahuetes, Agustín Benito
Parasitology Research.2007; 102(1): 111. CrossRef

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Identification of novel Leishmania major antigens that elicit IgG2a response in resistant and susceptible mice: Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):43-48.
Published online March 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.43

Abstract
PDF

Experimental murine models with high, intermediate and low levels of genetically based susceptibility to Leishmania major infection reproduce almost entire spectrum of clinical manifestations of the human disease. There are increasing non-comparative studies on immune responses against isolated antigens of L. major in different murine strains. The aim of the present study was to find out whether there is an antigen that can induce protective immune response in resistant and susceptible murine strains. To do that, crude antigenic extract of procyclic and metacyclic promastigotes of L. major was prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Western-blotting was used to search for antigen(s) capable of raising high antibody level of IgG2a versus IgG1 in the sera of both infected resistant and susceptible strains. Two novel antigens from metacyclic promastigotes of L. major (140 and 152 kDa) were potentially able to induce specific dominant IgG2a responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The 2 antigens also reacted with IgG antibody of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. We confirm that 140 and 152 kDa proteins of L. major promastigotes are inducing IgG production in mice and humans.

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João G. Ribeiro, Amália S. Ferreira, Sharon R.A. Macedo, Norton R.D.L.P. Rossi, Mayara C.P. da Silva, Rosane N.M. Guerra, Neuza B. de Barros, Roberto Nicolete
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Ankita Thakur, Harpreet Kaur, Sukhbir Kaur
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Ox40L–Ox40 pathway plays distinct roles in regulating Th2 responses but does not determine outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major
Rashmi Tuladhar, Steve Oghumu, Ran Dong, Allison Peterson, Arlene H. Sharpe, Abhay R. Satoskar
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A. Sassi, O. Kaak, A. Ben Ammar Elgaied
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Fatemeh Tabatabaie, Mehdi Mahdavi, Sobhan Faezi, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Zohreh Sharifi, Lame Akhlaghi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
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Sandra R. Afonso-Cardoso, Flávio H. Rodrigues, Márcio A.B. Gomes, Adriano G. Silva, Ademir Rocha, Aparecida H.B. GuimarÃes, Ignês Candeloro, Sílvio Favoreto, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Maria A. de Souza
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(4): 255. CrossRef
Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes
Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(4): 287. CrossRef

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Protective efficacy of vaccination with Neospora caninum multiple recombinant antigens against experimental Neospora caninum infection: Jung-Hwa Cho, Woo-Suk Chung, Kyoung-Ju Song, Byoung-Kuk Na, Seung-Won Kang, Chul-Yong Song, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(1):19-25.
Published online March 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.1.19

Abstract
PDF

Protective efficacy of vaccination with Neospora caninum multiple recombinant antigens against N. caninum infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Two major immunodominant surface antigens (NcSAG1 and NcSRS2) and two dense granule proteins (NcDG1 and NcDG2) of N. caninum tachyzoites were expressed in E. coli, respectively. An in vitro neutralization assay using polyclonal antisera raised against each recombinant antigen showed inhibitory effects on the invasion of N. caninum tachyzoites into host cells. Separate groups of gerbils were immunized with the purified recombinant proteins singly or in combinations and animals were then challenged with N.caninum. Following these experimental challenges, the protective efficacy of each vaccination was determined by assessing animal survival rate. All experimental groups showed protective effects of different degrees against experimental infection. The highest protection efficacy was observed for combined vaccination with NcSRS2 and NcDG1. Our results indicate that combined vaccination with the N. caninum recombinant antigens, NcSRS2 and NcDG1, induces the highest protective effect against N. caninum infection in vitro and in vivo.

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Soledad Echeverría, Federico Carrión, Martín Soñora, Andrés Cabrera, Carlos Robello
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Qiang Lv, Shenyang Xing, Pengtao Gong, Le Chang, Zhengzheng Bian, Lidong Wang, Xichen Zhang, Jianhua Li
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Diagnostic value of a dot immunobinding assay for human pulmonary hydatidosis: Ali I. Olut, Sibel Erguven, Salih Emri, Haluk Ozunlu, Hadi Akay; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(1):15-18.
Published online March 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.1.15

Abstract
PDF

The diagnosis of human hydatidosis is primarily made using radiological and serological methods. Radiological methods are generally of low specificity and serological methods lack sensitivity, especially for pulmonary disease. In this study the capabilities of a new rapid test, the hydatid antigen dot immunobinding assay (HA-DIA), which was developed for the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatidosis, were studied and compared with another immunodiagnostic method, indirect hemagglutination (IHA). The study subjects included 18 patients, 9 women, 9 men; range 7 to 63 years; mean 30 years, with surgically proven pulmonary hydatidosis, a control group comprised of 14 patients; viral respiratory infections (1), cirrhosis (2), connective tissue disease (2), taeniasis (3), and 6 healthy donors. We found that the HA-DIA test had a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 100%, and that the IHA test had a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 100%. We conclude that HA-DIA is a simple, rapid, low cost assay that does not require instrumentation and has a higher sensitivity than IHA for the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatidosis.

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Organ-specific antigens of Clonorchis sinensis: Shunyu Li, Byung-Suk Chung, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):169-174.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.169

Abstract
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This study was carried out to find out specific proteins from different organs of Clonorchis sinensis. Crude extract, organ-specific and excretory-secretory (ES) proteins were analyzed by immunoblot with infected human sera. The bands of 7- and 17-kDa were main component of intestinal fluid and ES protein and commonly found in all organspecific proteins. The 17-kDa protein was observed from ES antigen, intestinal fluid, eggs and sperms, 26- and 28-kDa proteins were from the uterus, vitellaria, and ovary, and 34-, 37-, 43- and 50-kDa proteins were mainly from the testis and sperms. Serum of mice immunized with sperms reacted to the 50-kDa protein by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining showed a positive reaction at the seminal receptacle and seminiferous tubule. The present results show that the 7-kDa protein is a common antigen of every part or organ of C. sinensis, but different organs express their specific antigenic protein bands.

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Brief Communication

Immunoblot findings of calcareous corpuscles binding proteins in cyst fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes: Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):141-143.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.141

Abstract
PDF

After collecting calcareous corpuscles from plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum), we evaluated the antigenic values of calcareous corpuscles binding proteins obtained from the cyst fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes. Immunoblot analysis revealed that cysticercosis patient sera strongly recognized 10 and 95 kDa calcareous corpuscles binding proteins. This result demonstrated that calcareous corpuscles are bound with major secretory antigenic proteins, which is possibly involved in the secretory pathways of the 10 and 95 kDa proteins presenting in the cyst fluid of T. solium metacestodes.

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Fasciclin-calcareous corpuscle binary complex mediated protein-protein interactions in Taenia solium metacestode
Chun-Seob Ahn, Jeong-Geun Kim, Young-An Bae, Seon-Hee Kim, Joo-Ho Shin, Yichao Yang, Insug Kang, Yoon Kong
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphometric characteristics of the metacestode Echinococcus vogeli Rausch & Bernstein, 1972 in human infections from the northern region of Brazil
F. Almeida, F. Oliveira, R. Neves, N. Siqueira, R. Rodrigues-Silva, D. Daipert-Garcia, J.R. Machado-Silva
Journal of Helminthology.2015; 89(4): 480. CrossRef
Identification and functional characterization of alpha-enolase from Taenia pisiformis metacestode
Shaohua Zhang, Aijiang Guo, Xueliang Zhu, Yanan You, Junling Hou, Qiuxia Wang, Xuenong Luo, Xuepeng Cai
Acta Tropica.2015; 144: 31. CrossRef
In vitro excystation of Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) metacercariae assessed by light microscopy, morphometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Joyce Souza, Juberlan Garcia, Renata H. Neves, José Roberto Machado-Silva, Arnaldo Maldonado
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 135(4): 701. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Enzymatic N-glycan analysis of 31 kDa molecule in plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum) and its antigenicity after chemical oxidation: Young-Bae Chung, Yoon Kong, Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(2):57-60.
Published online June 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.57

Abstract
PDF

A highly specific antigenic protein of 31 kDa from plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum) was obtained by gelatin affinity and Mono Q anion-exchange column chromatography. The purified 31 kDa protein was subjected to N-glycan enzymatic digestion for structural analysis. The relative electrophoretic mobility was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, before and after digestion. On SDS-PAGE after enzymatic digestion, the 31 kDa protein showed a molecular shift of approximately 2 kDa, which indicated the possession of complex N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycosidase F sensitive) but not of high-mannose oligosaccharides (endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, non-sensitive). Chemically periodated 31 kDa protein showed statistically non-significant changes with human sparganosis sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Therefore, the dominant epitopes of the 31 kDa molecule in human sparganosis were found to be mainly polypeptide, while N-glycans of the antigenic molecule in sparganum was minimal in anti-carbohydrate antibody production.

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Characterization of the carbohydrate components of Taenia solium oncosphere proteins and their role in the antigenicity
Yanina Arana, Manuela Verastegui, Iskra Tuero, Louis Grandjean, Hector H. Garcia, Robert H. Gilman
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(10): 3569. CrossRef

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ELISA detection of vivax malaria with recombinant multiple stage-specific antigens and its application to survey of residents in endemic areas: Sera Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(4):203-207.
Published online December 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.4.203

Abstract
PDF

An ELISA was developed for the diagnosis of vivax malaria using multiple stage-specific recombinant antigens of Plasmodium vivax. The DNA from the whole blood of a malaria patient was used as template to amplify the coding regions for the antigenic domains of circumsporozoite protein (CSP-1), merozoite surface protein (MSP-1), apical merozoite antigen (AMA-1), serine repeat antigen (SERA), and exported antigen (EXP-1). Each amplified DNA fragment was inserted into pQE30 plasmid to induce the expression of His-tagged protein in Escherichia coli (M15 strain) by IPTG. His-tagged proteins were purified by Ni-NTA metal-affinity chromatography and used as antigens for ELISA with patient sera that were confirmed previously by blood smear examinations. When applied to patient sera, 122 (80.3%) out of 152 vivax malaria cases reacted to at least one antigen, while no reactions were observed with 128 uninfected serum samples. We applied this ELISA to the screening of 3,262 civilian residents in endemic regions near the DMZ, which resulted in 236 positively detected (7.2%) cases. This method can be applied to serological diagnosis and mass screening in endemic regions, or can be used as a safety test for transfusion blood in endemic areas.

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Ho-Woo Nam, Kyoung Ju Song, Hye Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim
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